5
7/23/2019 Early Sporulation Gene http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/early-sporulation-gene 1/5 Proc. NatLAcad. Sci. USA Vol. 80, pp. 658-662, February 1983 Biochemistry Early sporulation gene spoOF: Nucleotide sequence and analysis of gene product (recombinant DNA/in vitro transcription/maxicell) HIDENORI SHIMOTSU*, Fujio KAWAMURA*, YASUO KOBAYASHIt, AND HIUGA SAITO* *Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan; and tDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Hiroshima University, Fukuyama 720, Japan Communicated by Jesse C. Rabinowitz, October 8, 1982 ABSTRACT We have determined the sequence of a 1,162- base-pair DNA fragment containing a spoOF gene which is re- quired for an early stage of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. The sequence has only one long open reading frame consisting of 173 codons, which has beenconfirmed to be the spoOF cistron by DNA- mediated transformation and in vitro transcription. In UV-irra- diated maxicells containing pUBSF13, the plasmid that carries cloned spoOF gene, we have observed the synthesis of a 20-kilo- dalton polypeptide that is absent from cells carrying a vector plas- mid pUBl10. The molecular weight of this protein is in agreement with the calculated molecularweight of the spoOFgene product (Mr, 19,065). The putative promoter sequences of spoOFgene were 5 T-A-T-A-A-T 3 at -10 and 5 T-T-G-A-T-T 3' at -35. An oc- tamer sequence, 5 A-A-A-G-G-A-G-G 3 , situated 8 base pairs prior to the initiation codon was found to be perfectly comple- mentary withthe 3 end of 16S ribosomal RNA. This resultoffers additional evidence for the proposal by Rabinowitz's group that an extensive mRNA-rRNA interaction is a requirement for effi- cient translation by B. subtilis ribosomes. One of the primitive forms of differentiation is represented by the formationof spores in certain bacteria. The formationof a spore follows a sequence of morphological and biochemical events. The process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis has been investigated in detail  1, 2). A large number of sporulation-de- fective mutants have been isolated and their mutations have been mapped  3). These mutants have been classified into five types (spoO, spoIl, spolI, spoIV, and spoV) according to the stage at which sporulation of the mutant is blocked. Among these mutants, the spoO type is particularly interesting because initiation of the sporulation is dependent upon the products of the spoO genes. At least nine loci of spoO genes have been mapped  4) and a mutation in any one of these genes blocks sporulation before the morphological change characteristic of early spore development. Despite their crucial role in devel- opment, however, little is known about the spoOgenes and how they control the initial events of spore formation. We recently developed a method, called  prophage trans- formation, for constructing specialized transducing phages of p1l  5) and 0105 6). To study the initiation of sporulation, we have used these phages to clone the early sporulation gene spoOF. The activity to transform spoOF was found in a 2.2-kilo- base-pair  kb) EcoRI fragment of the transducing phage DNAs  7, 8). These transducingphages were designated pllspoOF and 4OSspoOF; upon lysogenization theycould restore the ability of mutant JH649 (spoOF221) to sporulate. In contrast to the phage vectors, which exist as a single prophage genome, plas- mid vectors such as pUB110 are known to reside as multiple copies  9). The multicopy plasmid pUBSF13 harboring the en- tire spoOFgene did not restore the ability of mutant JH649 to sporulate. This result indicated that the sporulation was inhib- ited, for an unknown reason, by the multi-copy plasmid  8). Rhaese et al.  10) proposed that the spoOF gene encodes a synthetase for a highly phosphorylated nucleotide adenosine 5',3'(2')bistriphosphate. However, the synthetase protein has not been isolated, and the true function of the spoOF gene in the early stage of the sporulation has not been discovered. In order to clarify the initiation process of sporulation, it is nec- essary to study the cloned early sporulation gene at the molec- ular level. In the present communication we report the location of the spoOF gene in a 2.2-kb EcoRI fragment, its direction of transcription, and its sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial Strains, Bacteriophage, and Plasmids. B. subtilis JH649 (trpC2, pheAl, spoOF221), which was supplied by J. Hoch (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA), was used as a host strain for a temperate phage 4AO5spoOF. The recombinant phage 4105spoOF which carries the spoOF gene was constructed by prophage transformation method as de- scribed  7, 8, 11). B. subtilis UOT0277 (hisAl, metB5, recE4, nonBi) was used as a host for plasmids. The recombinant plas- mid pUBSF13 was constructed by inserting the spoOF-contain- ing EcoRI fragment (OFfragment) of 41O5spoOF into pUB11O  8 . Deletion derivatives pUBSFAB, pUBSFAH, and pUBSFAS were constructed in vitro by religation after the cleavage of pUBSF13 withBcl I, HindIII, and Sac I, respectively. Restriction Enzyme Analysis. The recombinant phage 4lO5spoOF was used as asource of DNA for restriction analysis and DNA sequence determination. After EcoRI cleavage, frag- ments were separated by electrophoresis on 0.8 agarose gel and a 2.2-kb EcoRI fragment which carried the spoOFgene was eluted according to the procedure of Yang et al.  12). The elut- ed DNA was furtherpurified by DEAE-cellulose chromatogra- phy according to the procedure of Smith  13). The restriction map was constructed by digesting the OF fragment with various restriction endonucleases. Restriction enzymes were purchased either from Bethesda Research Laboratories or Takara Shuzo (Kyoto, Japan) and were used according to the manufacturers' instructions with minor modifications. Purification of RNA Polymerase. Preparationof RNA poly- merase from cells of B. subtilis 168 (trpC2), harvested in early exponential growth phase, was carried out as described  14) except that:  i the precipitate from the first ammonium sulfate fraction was dialyzed against buffer A [ 10 m M Tris-HCl, pH 8. 0/ 10 mM MgCl2/0.1 mM EDTA/0.1 mM dithiothreitol/10 vol/vol) glycerol] and then applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column;  ii DEAE-Sephadex-purified fractions of RNA poly- Abbreviations: bp, base pair s); kb, kilobase pair s). 658 The publication costs of thisarticle were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked  advertise- ment in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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P r o c .

N a t L A c a d . S c i .

U S A

V o l .

8 0 , p p .

6 5 8 - 6 6 2 , F e b r u a r y

1 9 8 3

B i o c h e m i s t r y

E a r l y

s p o r u l a t i o n g e n e

s p o O F : N u c l e o t i d e s e q u e n c e

and

a n a l y s i s

o f

g e n e p r o d u c t

( r e c o m b i n a n t

D N A / i n

v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n / m a x i c e l l )

H I D E N O R I S H I M O T S U * ,

F u j i o

K A W A M U R A * ,

Y A S U O

K O B A Y A S H I t ,

AND

H I U G A

S A I T O *

* I n s t i t u t e o f A p p l i e d M i c r o b i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y

o f

T o k y o , B u n k y o - k u ,

T o k y o 1 1 3 ,

J a p a n ;

a n d

t D e p a r t m e n t

o f

A p p l i e d

B i o c h e m i s t r y ,

H i r o s h i m a

U n i v e r s i t y ,

F u k u y a m a

7 2 0 , J a p a n

C o m m u n i c a t e d b y J e s s e

C .

R a b i n o w i t z ,

O c t o b e r

8 ,

1 9 8 2

A B S T R A C T

We h a v e d e t e r m i n e d

t h e

s e q u e n c e

o f

a

1 , 1 6 2 -

b a s e - p a i r

DNA

f r a g m e n t

c o n t a i n i n g

a

s p o O F g e n e

w h i c h

i s r e -

q u i r e d

f o r

a n e a r l y

s t a g e

o f

s p o r u l a t i o n

i n

B a c i l l u s

s u b t i l i s . T h e

s e q u e n c e

h a s

o n l y o n e l o n g o p e n

r e a d i n g

f r a m e

c o n s i s t i n g

o f 1 7 3

c o d o n s ,

w h i c h h a s b e e n c o n f i r m e d

t o b e

t h e

s p o O F

c i s t r o n

b y

D N A -

m e d i a t e d

t r a n s f o r m a t i o n

a n d

i n v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n .

I n

U V - i r r a -

d i a t e d   m a x i c e l l s c o n t a i n i n g p U B S F 1 3 ,

t h e

p l a s m i d

t h a t

c a r r i e s

c l o n e d

s p o O F g e n e ,

w e h a v e

o b s e r v e d

t h e

s y n t h e s i s

o f

a

2 0 - k i l o -

d a l t o n

p o l y p e p t i d e

t h a t

i s

a b s e n t

f r o m c e l l s

c a r r y i n g

a v e c t o r

p l a s -

m i d

p U B l 1 0 .

T h e

m o l e c u l a r

w e i g h t

o f

t h i s

p r o t e i n

i s

i n

a g r e e m e n t

w i t h

t h e

c a l c u l a t e d m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t

o f

t h e

s p o O F g e n e p r o d u c t

( M r ,

1 9 , 0 6 5 ) .

T h e p u t a t i v e

p r o m o t e r

s e q u e n c e s

o f

s p o O F g e n e

w e r e

5 T - A - T - A - A - T

3 a t - 1 0

a n d

5

T - T - G - A - T - T 3 '

a t

- 3 5 .

A n o c -

t a m e r s e q u e n c e ,

5

A - A - A - G - G - A - G - G

3 ,

s i t u a t e d 8 b a s e

p a i r s

p r i o r

t o t h e i n i t i a t i o n c o d o n

w a s f o u n d

t o

b e

p e r f e c t l y c o m p l e -

m e n t a r y

w i t h t h e

3

e n d

o f

1 6 S

r i b o s o m a l

R N A .

T h i s

r e s u l t o f f e r s

a d d i t i o n a l

e v i d e n c e f o r

t h e

p r o p o s a l b y

R a b i n o w i t z ' s

g r o u p

t h a t

a n e x t e n s i v e

mRNA-rRNA

i n t e r a c t i o n

i s

a

r e q u i r e m e n t

f o r e f f i -

c i e n t t r a n s l a t i o n b y

B .

s u b t i l i s

r i b o s o m e s .

O n e o f

t h e

p r i m i t i v e

f o r m s o f

d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n i s

r e p r e s e n t e d

b y

t h e

f o r m a t i o n o f

s p o r e s

i n

c e r t a i n

b a c t e r i a .

T h e f o r m a t i o n o f

a

s p o r e

f o l l o w s

a

s e q u e n c e

o f

m o r p h o l o g i c a l

a n d b i o c h e m i c a l

e v e n t s .

T h e

p r o c e s s

o f

s p o r u l a t i o n

i n

B a c i l l u s

s u b t i l i s

h a s

b e e n

i n v e s t i g a t e d

i n

d e t a i l

  1 ,

2 ) .

A

l a r g e

n u m b e r o f

s p o r u l a t i o n - d e -

f e c t i v e

m u t a n t s

h a v e

b e e n

i s o l a t e d

a n d

t h e i r

m u t a t i o n s

h a v e

b e e n

m a p p e d

  3 ) .

T h e s e m u t a n t s

h a v e b e e n

c l a s s i f i e d i n t o

f i v e

t y p e s ( s p o O ,

s p o I l ,

s p o l I ,

s p o I V ,

a n d

s p o V ) a c c o r d i n g

t o

t h e

s t a g e

a t w h i c h

s p o r u l a t i o n

o f

t h e m u t a n t i s b l o c k e d .

A m o n g

t h e s e

m u t a n t s ,

t h e

s p o O t y p e

i s

p a r t i c u l a r l y

i n t e r e s t i n g

b e c a u s e

i n i t i a t i o n o f

t h e

s p o r u l a t i o n

i s

d e p e n d e n t u p o n

t h e

p r o d u c t s

o f

t h e

s p o O g e n e s .

A t

l e a s t

n i n e

l o c i o f

s p o O g e n e s

h a v e

b e e n

m a p p e d

  4 )

a n d

a

m u t a t i o n

i n

a n y o n e

o f t h e s e

g e n e s

b l o c k s

s p o r u l a t i o n

b e f o r e

t h e

m o r p h o l o g i c a l c h a n g e

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

o f

e a r l y

s p o r e d e v e l o p m e n t . D e s p i t e

t h e i r c r u c i a l r o l e

i n d e v e l -

o p m e n t , h o w e v e r ,

l i t t l e

i s

k n o w n

a b o u t

t h e

s p o O

g e n e s

a n d h o w

t h e y

c o n t r o l

t h e i n i t i a l e v e n t s o f

s p o r e

f o r m a t i o n .

We

r e c e n t l y d e v e l o p e d

a

m e t h o d ,

c a l l e d

  p r o p h a g e

t r a n s -

f o r m a t i o n ,

f o r

c o n s t r u c t i n g s p e c i a l i z e d

t r a n s d u c i n g p h a g e s o f

p 1 l

  5 ) a n d

0 1 0 5 6 ) .

T o

s t u d y t h e i n i t i a t i o n o f s p o r u l a t i o n , w e

h a v e u s e d

t h e s e

p h a g e s

t o

c l o n e

t h e

e a r l y s p o r u l a t i o n

g e n e

s p o O F .

T h e

a c t i v i t y

t o t r a n s f o r m s p o O F w a s f o u n d i n

a

2 . 2 - k i l o -

b a s e - p a i r   k b )

E c o R I

f r a g m e n t o f

t h e

t r a n s d u c i n g

p h a g e D N A s

  7 , 8 ) .

T h e s e

t r a n s d u c i n g p h a g e s w e r e

d e s i g n a t e d p l l s p o O F

a n d

4 O S s p o O F ; u p o n l y s o g e n i z a t i o n t h e y c o u l d r e s t o r e

t h e a b i l i t y

o f

m u t a n t J H 6 4 9

( s p o O F 2 2 1 )

t o

s p o r u l a t e .

I n

c o n t r a s t t o

t h e

p h a g e

v e c t o r s ,

w h i c h

e x i s t

a s a

s i n g l e p r o p h a g e g e n o m e ,

p l a s -

m i d v e c t o r s s u c h

a s

p U B 1 1 0

a r e

k n o w n t o r e s i d e a s m u l t i p l e

c o p i e s   9 ) .

T h e

m u l t i c o p y

p l a s m i d p U B S F 1 3

h a r b o r i n g

t h e

e n -

t i r e

s p o O F g en e

d i d

n o t r e s t o r e t h e a b i l i t y

o f m u t a n t

J H 6 4 9

t o

s p o r u l a t e . T h i s

r e s u l t i n d i c a t e d

t h a t t h e

s p o r u l a t i o n

w a s

i n h i b -

i t e d ,

f o r a n

u n k n o w n

r e a s o n ,

b y

t h e

m u l t i - c o p y p l a s m i d   8 ) .

R h a e s e

e t

a l .

  1 0 )

p r o p o s e d

t h a t

t h e s p o O F g e n e e n c o d e s

a

s y n t h e t a s e

f o r a

h i g h l y

p h o s p h o r y l a t e d

n u c l e o t i d e

a d e n o s i n e

5 ' , 3 ' ( 2 ' ) b i s t r i p h o s p h a t e . H o w e v e r ,

t h e

s y n t h e t a s e

p r o t e i n

h a s

n o t

b e e n

i s o l a t e d , a n d t h e

t r u e

f u n c t i o n o f

t h e

s p o O F g e n e

i n

t h e

e a r l y

s t a g e

o f t h e

s p o r u l a t i o n

h a s n o t

b e e n

d i s c o v e r e d .

I n

o r d e r

t o

c l a r i f y

t h e i n i t i a t i o n

p r o c e s s

o f

s p o r u l a t i o n ,

i t

i s

n e c -

e s s a r y

t o

s t u d y

t h e

c l o n e d

e a r l y

s p o r u l a t i o n

g e n e

a t

t h e

m o l e c -

u l a r l e v e l .

I n

t h e

p r e s e n t

c o m m u n i c a t i o n

w e

r e p o r t

t h e l o c a t i o n

o f

t h e

s p o O F g e n e

i n

a

2 . 2 - k b E c o R I

f r a g m e n t ,

i t s d i r e c t i o n o f

t r a n s c r i p t i o n ,

a n d

i t s s e q u e n c e .

MATERIALS

AND

METHODS

B a c t e r i a l

S t r a i n s , B a c t e r i o p h a g e ,

a n d P l a s m i d s . B . s u b t i l i s

J H 6 4 9 ( t r p C 2 , p h e A l ,

s p o O F 2 2 1 ) ,

w h i c h

w a s s u p p l i e d b y J .

H o c h

( S c r i p p s

C l i n i c

a n d R e s e a r c h

F o u n d a t i o n ,

L a

J o l l a , C A ) ,

w a s u s e d

a s a h o s t s t r a i n f o r

a

t e m p e r a t e p h a g e

4 A O 5 s p o O F .

T h e

r e c o m b i n a n t p h a g e

4 1 0 5 s p o O F w h i c h c a r r i e s t h e s p o O F g e n e

w a s

c o n s t r u c t e d

b y

p r o p h a g e

t r a n s f o r m a t i o n

m e t h o d

a s d e -

s c r i b e d

  7 , 8 , 1 1 ) .

B . s u b t i l i s

U O T 0 2 7 7

( h i s A l ,

m e t B 5 , r e c E 4 ,

n o n B i )

w a s

u s e d a s a

h o s t

f o r

p l a s m i d s .

T h e

r e c o m b i n a n t

p l a s -

m i d

p U B S F 1 3

w a s

c o n s t r u c t e d

b y

i n s e r t i n g

t h e

s p o O F - c o n t a i n -

i n g E c o R I f r a g m e n t

( O F f r a g m e n t ) o f 4 1 O 5 s p o O F

i n t o

p U B 1 1 O

  8 .

D e l e t i o n

d e r i v a t i v e s

p U B S F A B , p U B S F A H ,

a n d

p U B S F A S

w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d i n v i t r o b y

r e l i g a t i o n

a f t e r

t h e

c l e a v a g e o f

p U B S F 1 3

w i t h B c l

I ,

H i n d I I I ,

a n d

S a c I ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y .

R e s t r i c t i o n

E n z y m e

A n a l y s i s .

T h e r e c o m b i n a n t

p h a g e

4 l O 5 s p o O F

w a s

u s e d

a s a s o u r c e

o f

DNA

f o r

r e s t r i c t i o n a n a l y s i s

a n d DNA s e q u e n c e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n . A f t e r

E c o R I

c l e a v a g e ,

f r a g -

m e n t s w e r e

s e p a r a t e d b y e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s

o n 0 . 8

a g a r o s e

g e l

a n d

a

2 . 2 - k b E c o R I

f r a g m e n t

w h i c h c a r r i e d t h e

s p o O F g en e

w a s

e l u t e d

a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e

p r o c e d u r e

o f Y a n g

e t

a l .   1 2 ) . T h e

e l u t -

e d

DNA

w a s

f u r t h e r p u r i f i e d b y

D E A E - c e l l u l o s e c h r o m a t o g r a -

p h y a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e p r o c e d u r e

o f S m i t h

  1 3 ) . T h e

r e s t r i c t i o n

m a p w a s c o n s t r u c t e d b y d i g e s t i n g

t h e O F f r a g m e n t

w i t h

v a r i o u s

r e s t r i c t i o n e n d o n u c l e a s e s . R e s t r i c t i o n e n z y m e s

w e r e

p u r c h a s e d

e i t h e r

f r o m B e t h e s d a

R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s

o r

T a k a r a

S h u z o

( K y o t o ,

J a p a n ) a n d

w e r e u s e d

a c c o r d i n g

t o t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s '

i n s t r u c t i o n s

w i t h

m i n o r m o d i f i c a t i o n s .

P u r i f i c a t i o n o f

R NA P o l y m e r a s e . P r e p a r a t i o n o f RNA

p o l y -

m e r a s e f r o m

c e l l s

o f

B . s u b t i l i s

1 6 8

( t r p C 2 ) , h a r v e s t e d i n

e a r l y

e x p o n e n t i a l

g r o w t h p h a s e , w a s c a r r i e d

o u t a s

d e s c r i b e d

  1 4 )

e x c e p t

t h a t :

  i

t h e

p r e c i p i t a t e f r o m t h e

f i r s t

a m m o n i u m

s u l f a t e

f r a c t i o n

w a s

d i a l y z e d

a g a i n s t b u f f e r

A

[ 1 0

m M

T r i s - H C l , pH

8 .

0 /

1 0

mM

M g C l 2 / 0 . 1

mM E D T A / 0 . 1

mM d i t h i o t h r e i t o l / 1 0

v o l / v o l )

g l y c e r o l ]

a n d t h e n

a p p l i e d

t o

a

D E A E - S e p h a d e x A - 5 0

c o l u m n ;

  i i

D E A E - S e p h a d e x - p u r i f i e d

f r a c t i o n s o f RNA

p o l y -

A b b r e v i a t i o n s : b p ,

b a s e p a i r s ) ; k b , k i l o b a s e p a i r s ) .

658

T h e

p u b l i c a t i o n c o s t s o f

t h i s a r t i c l e w e r e d e f r a y e d

i n

p a r t b y

p a g e c h a r g e

p a y m e n t .

T h i s

a r t i c l e

m u s t

t h e r e f o r e b e

h e r e b y m a r k e d

  a d v e r t i s e -

m e n t i n

a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h 1 8 U .

S .

C .

§ 1 7 3 4 s o l e l y

t o

i n d i c a t e t h i s

f a c t .

Page 2: Early Sporulation Gene

7/23/2019 Early Sporulation Gene

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/early-sporulation-gene 2/5

P r o c .

N a t L

A c a d .

S c i . U S A

8 0

  1 9 8 3 )

6 5 9

m e r a s e

w e r e

m a d e 7 0

w i t h a m m o n i u m

s u l f a t e ,

a n d

t h e

p r e -

c i p i t a t e

w a s d i s s o l v e d

i n

a n d d i a l y z e d

a g a i n s t

b u f f e r

C [ 1 0

m M

T r i s - H C l ,

pH 8 . 0 / 0 . 1

mM d i t h i o t h r e i t o l / 1 0

( v o l / v o l )

g l y c -

e r o l ]

a n d t h e

s o l u t i o n

w a s a p p l i e d

t o

a D N A - c e l l u l o s e

c o l u m n .

S a m p l e s . ( 2 5

A l )

o f t h e

D N A - c e l l u l o s e

f r a c t i o n s

w e r e

s u b j e c t e d

t o

e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s

t h r o u g h

a

N a D o d S O 4 / p o l y a c r y l a m i d e

s l a b

g e l

a n d t h e

f r a c t i o n s

c o n t a i n i n g - c o r e

s u b u n i t s

a n d

a

a5 5

s u b u n i t

w e r e

u s e d

f o r

i n

v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n

s t u d i e s .

RNA

S y n t h e s i s .

T h e RNA

p o l y m e r a s e

w a s

i n c u b a t e d

a t .

3 7 0 C

f o r

7

m i n

w i t h

0 . 5

A g

o f

DNA t e m p l a t e

i n

a

4 0 - . l I

r e a c t i o n

m i x -

t u r e

c o b t a i n i n g

5 0 mM

T r i s - H C l ( p H

7 . 8 ) ,

0 . 1

mM

E D T A ,

0 . 1

m M d i t h i o t h r e i t o l ,

1 0 mM M g C l 2 ,

0 . 2

mM

s p e r m i d i n e ,

b o v i n e

s e r u m

a l b u m i n a t

1 0 0

p u g / m l ,

A T P ,

G T P , C T P ,

a n d UTP

a t

0 . 1

m M

e a c h ,

a n d

0 . 6

A u M

[ a - 3 2 P ] A T P

( 1 0

p . C i ;

1

C i

=

3 . 7

X

1 0 1 0

B q ) .

T h e r e a c t i o n

w a s s t o p p e d

b y

m i x i n g

w i t h a n e q u a l

a m o u n t

o f

p h e n o l

a n d

t h e a q u e o u s - l a y e r

w a s p a s s e d

t h r o u g h

a S e p h a d e x

G - 5 0

c o l u m n   1

X

1 0 c m ) .

R a d i o a c t i v e ,

RNA w a s

s u b j e c t e d

t o

e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s

t h r o u g h

p o l y a c r y l a m i d e

s l a b g e l s c o n t a i n i n g

7

M

u r e a .

DNA S e q u e n c e

A n a l y s i s .

DNA

f r a g m e n t s

w e r e

l a b e l e d

a t

t h e

5

e n d s

w i t h ' T 4

p o l y n u c l e o t i d e

k i n a s e

( B e t h e s d a

R e s e a r c h

L a b o r a t o r i e s )

a n d

[ _ y - 3 2 P ] A T P

( A m e r s h a m ) .

DNA

s e q u e n c e

w a s

d e t e r m i n e d

a c c o r d i n g

t o

t h e p r o c e d u r e s

o f

M a x a m

a n d G i l b e r t

  1 5 ) .

T h e

p r o d u c t s

o f t h e

  G , G + A , T + C , C ,

a n d

  A + C

r e a c t i o n s

w e r e e l e c t r o p h o r e s e d

o n

0 . 4 - m m - t h i c k

8

o r

2 0

p o l y a c r y l a m i d e

g e l s .

P r e p a r a t i o n . a n d

L a b e l i n g

o f

M a x i c e l l s .

B . s u b t i l i s

s t r a i n

U O T 0 2 7 7

  h i s A l ,

m e t B 5 ,

r e c E 4 ,

n o n B i )

w a s

u s e d

a s a

h o s t

t h r o u g h o u t

t h e e x p e r i m e n t s .

V e g e t a t i v e

c e l l s

c o n t a i n i n g

p l a s -

m i d s w e r e

g r o w n

i n

S t e r l i n i

a n d

M a n d e l s t a m ' s

r e s u s p e n s i o n

m e d i u m   1 6 )

s u p p l e m e n t e d

w i t h

0 . 2 g l u c o s e

a n d

k a n a m y c i n

a t 5

p g / m l . C e l l s

w e r e h a r v e s t e d

b y

c e n t r i f u g a t i o n

1 h r

a f t e r

t h e

e n d

o f

e x p o n e n t i a l

g r o w t h

a n d

s u s p e n d e d

i n

S

m l

o f t h e

f r e s h

r e s u s p e n s i o n

m e d i u m .

T h e c e l l

s u s p e n s i o n

w a s t r a n s f e r r e d

t o

, a 9 - c m - d i a m e t e r

g l a s s

P e t r i

d i s h a n d

i r r a d i a t e d

f o r

1

m i n a t

a

d i s t a n c e

o f

2 5 c m

f r o m a 1 5 - W

g e r m i c i d a l

l a m p .

A f t e r

3

h r o f

i n c u b a t i o n ,

t h e

c e l l s

w e r e

s p u n d o w n

a n d s u s p e n d e d

i n f r e s h

r e s u s p e n s i o n

m e d i u m .

T h e c e l l

s u s p e n s i o n

w a s

i n c u b a t e d

f o r

5

m i n

a t

3 7 0 C .

T h e n

2 . 5

A C i

o f [ ' 4 C ] l e u c i n e

( 3 4 0

m C i / m m o l )

w a s a d d e d

a n d

i n c u b a t i o n

w a s c o n t i n u e d

f o r

2 0

m i n .

T h e

i n -

c o r p o r a t i o n

o f

r a d i o a c t i v e

a m i n o

a c i d

w a s

t e r m i n a t e d

b y

a d d i n g

n o n r a d i o a c t i v e

l e u c i n e .

T h e p r o c e d u r e

o f

c e l l l y s i s

w a s p e r -

f o r m e d

a c c o r d i n g

t o H i r o c h i k a

e t

a l .

  1 7 ) .

RESULTS

L o c a t i o n

o f s p o O F

G e n e

W i t h i n

t h e

C l o n e d F r a g m e n t .

P r e -

v i o u s

s t u d i e s

h a v e

s h o w n

t h a t

t h e r e c o m b i n a n t

p h a g e

0 1 4 5 s p o O F

E H o R I

E c o R I

E c

H i n d ] T

H i n d

m I -

S a c

0

a_

_

p U B S F 1

3

p U B S

F A B

p U B S

F A S

c o n t a i n s

a B .

s u b t i l i s

c h r o m o s o m a l

DNA

i n s e r t o f

2 . 2

k b w h i c h

c a r r i e s

t h e e a r l y

s p o r u l a t i o n

g e n e

s p o 0 F 8 ) .

T h i s i n s e r t

w a s

c l e a v e d

f r o m

t h e p h a g e

DNA

w i t h E c o P J

a n d

p u r i f i e d

w i t h a n

a g a r o s e

g e l

a f t e r

e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s .

T h e

r e s t r i c t i o n

s i t e s

o f

H i n d I I I ,

B c l

I ,

a n d

S a c I o f

t h e

O F

f r a g m e n t

w e r e d e t e r m i n e d

a s

s h o w n i n

F i g .

1 .

R e c o m b i n a n t

p l a s m i d

p U B S F 1 3

w a s

c o n -

s t r u c t e d

b y i n s e r t i n g

t h e

O F

f r a g m e n t

a t

t h e

s i n g l e

E c o R I

s i t e

o f t h e

v e c t o r

p l a s i m d

p U B i l O .

T o d e t e r m i n e

t h e

l o c a t i o n

o f t h e

s p o O F

g e n e

w i t h i n t h e

O F

f r a g m e n t ,

d e l e t i o n d e r i v a t i v e s o f

p U B S F 1 3

w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d

b y s i t e ~ s p e c i f i c

c l e a v a g e

a n d

l i g a -

t i o n

  F i g .

1 ) .

W h e n t h e

0 . 3 , k b . B c l

I

f r a g m e n t

w a s

r e m o v e d

f r o m

p U B S F 1 3 ,

t h e

r e m a i n i n g

' D N A

i n

t h e

d e l e t i o n p l a s m i d

p U B S F A B

l o s t

t h e a c t i v i t y

t o

t r a n s f o r m

s p o O F 2 2 1

t o S p o ' .

A n o t h e r

p l a s -

m i d ,

p U B S F A S

w h i c h

l a c k e d

t h e

0 . 7 - k b

S a c I

f r a g m e n t ,

a l s o

l o s t

t h e

t r a n s f o r m i n g

a c t i v i t y .

I n c o n t r a s t ,

d e l e t i o n

o f

t h e

0 . 3 -

k b

H i n d I I I

f r a g m e n t

i n

p U B S F A H

d i d n o t

a f f e c t

t h e

s p o O F 2 2 1

t r a n s f o r m i n g

a c t i v i t y .

T h e s e

r e s u l t s

i n d i c a t e d

t h a t a t

l e a s t

a p a r t

o f

t h e

s p o O F

g e n e

w a s - l o c a t e d

b e t w e e n

t h e

t w o B c l

I

s i t e s

o f

t h e

O F f r a g m e n t

  F i g .

1 ) .

L o c a t i o n

o f

t h e

P r o m o t e r s

o n t h e ' O F

F r a g m e n t .

T h e

i n i t i -

a t i o n

s i t e s

o f

i n

v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n

o n

t h e

O F

f r a g m e n t

w e r e

m a p p e d

b y

a n a l y s i s

o f RNA

t r a n s c r i p t s

w i t h v a r i o u s

DNA

t e m -

p l a t e s

  F i g .

2 ) . T r a n s c r i p t i o n

o f

t h e 2 . 2 - k b

O F

f r a g m e n t

y i e l d e d

t w o

R NA

s p e c i e s

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

1 , 0 0 0

a n d

8 5 0

b a s e s .

W h e n

t h e

DNA f r a g m e n t

l a c k i n g

t h e

i n t e r n a l

B c l

I f r a g m e n t

( A B c l

I

f r a g -

m e n t )

w a s

u s e d

a s t e m p l a t e ,

o n l y

a s i n g l e

t r a n s c r i p t

o f

a b o u t

1 , 0 0 0

b a s e s

w a s d e t e c t e d .

T h e

l a r g e s t

H i n d I I I

f r a g m e n t

( H i n d I I I

f r a g m e n t

A )

g a v e

a :

t r a n s c r i p t

o f

3 8 0

b a s e s

i n s t e a d

o f

t h e

1 , 0 0 0 - b a s e

t r a n s c r i p t .

T h i s 3 8 0 - b a s e

RNA

w a s

t h o u g h t

t o

b e

a

  r u n - o f f

p r o d u c t

s t a r t i n g

a b o u t

3 8 0

b p

f r o m

l e f t e n d

o f

H i n d I I I f r a g m e n t

A .

T h e s e

r e s u l t s s u g g e s t e d

t h a t

t h e 2 . 2 - k b

O F

f r a g m e n t

h a r b o r e d

t w o

p r o m o t e r s

w h e r e

t w o

t r a n s c r i p t s

w e r e

i n i t i a t e d i n

o p p o s i t e

d i r e c t i o n s .

T h e

8 5 0 - b a s e

RNA

w a s t h o u g h t

t o b e

t h e

t r a n s c r i p t

o f

s p o O F

g e n e ,

b e c a u s e

a p a r t .

o f t h e

s p o O F

g e n e

w a s i n v o l v e d

i n

t h e

i n t e r n a l

B c l

I f r a g m e n t .

N u c l e o t i d e

S e q u e n c e

A n a l y s i s .

O u r

s e q u e n c e

a n a l y s i s

s t r a t -

e g y

i s o u t l i n e d

i n F i g .

3 .

T o i n v e s t i g a t e

t h e

c o d i n g

p o t e n t i a l

o f

t h e

DNA a n a l y z e d ,

a c o m p u t e r

p r o g r a m

w a s

u s e d

t o

a n a l y z e

t h e

r e l a t i v e

p o s i t i o n s

o f

i n i t i a t i o n

a n d

t e r m i n a t i o n

c o d o n s

i n

a l l

s i x

r e a d i n g

f r a m e s .

T h e

n u c l e o t i d e s e q u e n c e

c o n t a i n s

o n l y

o n e

o p e n

r e a d i n g

f r a m e l o n g

e n o u g h

t o c o d e

f o r

a . p r o t e i n .

T h e

r e a d -

i n g

f r a m e

c o n s i s t s

o f

1 7 3

c o d o n s

a s

s h o w n

i n

F i g .

4 .

W h e n t h e

0 . 3 - k b

B d

I f r a g m e n t

w a s

r e m o v e d

f r o m

t h e

O F

f r a g m e n t ,

t h e

a c t i v i t y

t o

t r a n s f o r m

s p o O F 2 2 1

t o

S p o '

w a s l o s t .

T h e

i n t e r n a l

r e g i o n

l y i n g

b e t w e e n

t w o

B c l

I

s i t e s ,

w h i c h

h a r b o r e d

t h e

m u -

t a t i o n

s i t e

o f

s p o O F 2 2 1 ,

w a s

i n v o l v e d

i n t h e

o p e n

r e a d i n g

f r a m e

  F i g .

3 ) .

c o R I

E c o R I

E c o R I

0 1

0 5 s p o O F

I

BoU

I

B c l

Sac

T F

A C T I V I T Y

 

+ 4

p U B S

F A H

F I G . 1 .

R e s t r i c t i o n

e n d o n u c l e a s e

m a p s

o f c l o n e d

O F

f r a g m e n t

a n d

i t s

d e l e t i o n

d e r i v a t i v e s .

( U p p e r )

T h e

t h i c k l i n e

o n

t h e 4 1 0 5 s p o O F

i n d i c a t e s

t h e c l o n e d

E c o R J

f i a g m e n t ;

t h e r e s t r i c t i o n

map

i s s h o w n

b e l o w

i t .

( L o w e r )

T r a n s f o r m i n g

a c t i v i t y

( T F )

o f

p U B S F 1 3

a n d

i n v i t r o

d e l e t i o n

p l a s m i d s .

T h e

l i n e s

s h o w

s p o O F

E c o P J

i n s e r t s

o f

t h e

p l a s m i d s .

f l N A - m e d i a t e d

t r a n s f o r m a t i o n

was c a r r i e d

o u t

a s

d e s c r i b e d

( 1 8 ) .

T h e a c t i v i t y

o f t h e s e

DNAs

i n

t r a n s f o r m i n g s p o O F 2 2 1

t o

S p o '

i s

s h o w n

b y

+ .

a b

B i o c h e m i s t r y :

S h i m o t s u

e t a l .

Page 3: Early Sporulation Gene

7/23/2019 Early Sporulation Gene

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/early-sporulation-gene 3/5

6 6 0

B i o c h e m i s t r y :

S h i m o t s u . e t a l .

A

1

2 3

B

k b

1 . 0

..

O . ( 3 5

 

M -

1 . I OF

f r e c i n n e n t

p

1 . 0 k b

0 . 8 1 5

k b

2 . O F - B e Z I

f r a g m 1 , e n i t

1.0 kb

3

.

O

F - i S n d H I

A

ra

g m ~ e n t

PP

 

0 . 3 8

k b

0 . 8 5 k b

F I G .

2 . I n v i t r o R NA s y n t h e s i s

w i t h c l e a v e d

DNA t e m p l a t e s .

R NA

was l a b e l e d

w i t h [ a - 3 2 P ] A T P

a n d v a r i o u s t e m p l a t e s . ( A ) L a n e s : 1 , O F

f r a g m e n t ( 2 . 2 k b ) ;

2 ,

E c o R I f r ag m en t f r o m

pUBSFAB

w h i c h

l o s t t h e

i n t e r n a l

B e l

I f r a g m e n t ;

3 , H i n d u 1 f r a g m e n t A

( 1 . 5

k b ) f r o m t h e O F

f r a g m e n t . E .

c o l i

r R N A s

a n d

t R N A s

w e r e

u s e d

a s

s i z e

m a r k e r s .

( B )

DNA t e m p l a t e s

u s e d f o r i n v i t r o t r a n s c r i p t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s . R u n - o f f

t r a n s c r i p t s a re i n d i c a t e d b y d a s h e d

l i n e s .

p ,

P u t a t i v e p r o m o t e r s .

R e g u l a t o r y R e g i o n

o f

t h e T r a n s c r i p t i o n a n d

T r a n s l a t i o n .

T h e

p r i n c i p a l f o r m o f t h e c o m p l e t e

R NA

p o l y m e r a s e i n B .

s u b -

t i l i s

c o n t a i n s

a

o r

s u b u n i t o f

5 5 , 0 0 0

d a l t o n s

k n o w n a s a 5 5 . I t

h a s

b e e n

s h o w n

b y L o s i c k a n d

P e r o

  1 9 )

t h a t

p r o m o t e r s .

w h o s e

r e c o g n i t i o n i s

m e d i a t e d

b y o r 5 5 e x h i b i t a

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c h e x a -

n u c l e o t i d e

sequen ce

c e n t e r e d

a t

p o s i t i o n

  a n d

l y i n g 1 0

b p

u p s t r e a m f r o m

t h e

s t a r t p o i n t

o f

t r a n s c r i p t i o n . T h e s e h e x a m e r s

O F f

ragment

E c o R I HindM H i n d I I

H i n f I S a c I

B c l

I

I

i

i

are

s i m i l a r

t o ,

t h e

c o r r e s p o n d i n g - 3 5   5

T - T - G - A - C - A 3 ) a n d

- 1 0

  5 T - A - T - A - A - T

3 )

c o n s e n s u s

seque nce s o f

E s c h e r i c h i a

c o l i p r o m o t e r s   2 0 ) .

I n

t h e 5 ' f l a n k i n g

r e g i o n ' o f t h e

s p o O F

gene,

s u c h sequences occur i n t h e

p o s i t i o n

p r e d i c t e d

f r o m

t h e i n

v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s   F i g .

4 ) .

A n i n v e r t e d

r e p e a t sequen ce l o c a t e d i n t h e 3 '

f l a n k i n g

r e g i o n

may

b e a t e r m i n a t o r

b e c a u s e s u c h

a

sequen ce c a n

b e f o u n d

i n

t h e t r a n s c r i p t i o n a l , t e r m i n a t o r

r e g i o n s i n

E . c o l i

  2 0 ) . T h i s

pre-

s u m p t i v e

t e r m i n a t o r i n t h e 3

f l a n k i n g r e g i o n

o f

s p oOF g en e

i s

o n l y

6 8 0

b a s e s

a w a y

f r o m

t h e

p u t a t i v e

p r o m o t e r ,

w h e r e a s

t h e

8 5 0 - b a s e R NA

w a s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e t h e s p o O F

t r a n s c r i p t

m a d e

i n v i t r o .

O n e

p o s s i b l e e x p l a n a t i o n o f

t h i s d i s c r e p a n c y c o u l d b e

t h a t t h e s p o O F

t r a n s c r i p t m a d e

i n

v i t r o

was n o t p r o p e r l y

t e r -

m i n a t e d a n d r e s u l t e d i n t h e   r u n - o f f

p r o d u c t ,

d u e

t o t h e

s a l t

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s u s e d i n

t h e i n v i t r o

r e a c t i o n s .

T h e d i s t a n c e

b e -

t w e e n

t h e

p u t a t i v e p r o m o t e r a n d t h e 3 '

e n d o f 0 F ' f r a g m e n t w a s

e s t i m a t e d t o

b e

a b o u t 8 5 0 b a s e s w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d e d

t o t h e

l e n g t h

o f   r u n - o f f t r a n s c r i p t ( F i g .

2 ) .

I t h a s

b e e n

r e p o r t e d t h a t

t h e

3 ' e n d o f

1 6 S rRNA f o r m s a

b a s e -

p a i r e d c o m p l e x w i t h a

sequen ce

p r e c e d i n g

t h e i n i t i a t i o n

c o d o n

  2 1 ) .

I n

t h e s p o O F

gene,

a

5 ' A - A - A - G - G - A - G - G

3

seque nce

s i t u a t e d 8

b p p r i o r t o

t h e

i n i t i a t i o n c o d o n

  F i g . 4 )

i s

p e r f e c t l y

c o m p l e m e n t a r y

w i t h a n o c t a n u c l e o t i d e

sequence

on 3 '

e n d

o f

1 6 S

r R N A

( d i s c u s s e d

b e l o w ) .

T h e d i s t a n c e

b e t w e e n

t h e

r i b o -

s o m a l b i n d i n g s i t e a n d

t h e

i n i t i a t i o n

c o d o n i s

c l o s e

t o t h e

a v e r a g e

d i s t a n c e

f o u n d

i n

o t h e r

r i b o s o m e

b i n d i n g

s i t e s

  2 1 ) .

A n a l y s i s

o f t h e G e n e

P r o d u c t s .

E x p r e s s i o n

o f t h e

s p o O F

gene

i n

p U B S F 1 3 w a s

d e t e c t e d

b y

t h e m a x i c e l l m e t h o d

  2 2 ) . P r o t e i n

s y n t h e s i s

i n m a x i c e l l s w a s c a r r i e d

o u t i n .

t h e

p resen ce o f

[ 1 4 C ] l e u c i n e . T h e

p r o t e i n

s y n t h e s i z e d

w i t h

c e l l

l y s a t e s

w a s

ana-

l y z e d b y N a D o d S O 4 / p o l y a c r y l a m i d e g e l

e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s .

T h e

r e s u l t s ,

o f t h e s e

e x p e r i m e n t s s u g g e s t e d i n v i v o s y n t h e s i s o f

a .

2 0 - k i l o d a l t o n

p r o t e i n b y p U B S F 1 3

h a r b o r i n g

t h e O F

f r a g m e n t

  F i g . 5 ) .

A

d e r i v a t i v e

p l a s m i d

pUBSFAB

w h i c h

l a c k e d a

p a r t

B c Z I S a I

AZ u I

E c o R I

 

I

2

3

 

~ ~ ~ ~

4U

-

4 -

 

4

Z

X

| 1 l

  1 z r a y

l

l X |

 

-

4 -  

l

. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r

I

0

1 0 0

20 0

300

b p

s

_OF_

4

_

5

_ _

6

I

F I G .

3 . R e s t r i c t i o n e n d o n u c l e a s e m a p s

a n d s e q u e n c e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n

e x p e r i m e n t s . ( U p p e r ) D e t a i l e d p h y s i c a l map

i n

t h e

H i n f i - A l u I

r e g i o n o f

t h e O F

f r a g m e n t .

E a c h a r r o w

r e p r e s e n t s -

a

s i n g l e

M a x a m - G i l b e r t

s e q u en c e d e t er m i n a t i o n

e x p e r i m e n t .

( L o w e r ) C o d i n g

p o t e n t i a l o f t h i s

DNA

i n

a l l s i x

r e a d i n g

f r a m e s :

m ,

o p e n

r e a d i n g

f r a m e

r e g i o n ; * , n o n c o d i n g r e g i o n .

T h e

c o d i n g f r a m e

f o r t h e

s p o OF g en e

w a s d e t e r m i n e d

t o b e

f r a m e 2 , a s

d e s c r i b e d

i n

t h e t e x t .

P r o c .

N a t l .

A c a d .

S c i . USA

8 0

  1 9 8 3 )

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P r o c .

N a t L

A c a d . S c i . USA 8 0

( 1 9 8 3 )

6 6 1

8 0

GTCAGTTAGA

CTTCAGGGGC

A GA TA TT TT T T GA CG GC GT C T C TGA TT TC G T C GA TG TC AA

ACGGCTTGGC

AAAGTGCGTC

S a c l

16 0

A GA GC GC C C A A T TC C T T CG A TTCCTGGATC ATGTCGAGCT

CT CCGTATGC

CGTCATGATA

A T GA C C C GG A T GT T T TC G TC

240

A AT GA C CT T C A T CC G TT T T A A GA TT T C GA T T C C GT C C AT G C C GG GA AT T T T C AT G TC C A A C A GC A C AA GG TCGGGCCGTT

P s t  

3 20

CT TTTGTCAC

AATGTCAAGC GCCTGCAGGC

G TT C GC AG C C T GA AA CG TC T

G GT A GC C T T C . TT T AT T GA AC A C T TC A TT T A

B c I 400

GCAAAATACG

AATG C CGTA T TG AT CA T CAA CGATTAAAAT TTTTTCATTC A TC AT TT TA C A CC C C AA TA T T AT GA TT T TC

480

GTCAAAAGTA

AGCAGTATTG

TATGTATTCT

G TGAT

T

CCTATTT CCT

TTAA

A A ~ G T C T A C T T

TACGACATTT

555

TCTGAGCATT TTCTCTTTTG T T G TA T AC T G A T AT T G TA C G

TTAT¶IAGrGTTCACTT

AT G

T TG

AAA AT A

TTC

Met

L . e u

Lys

Ile

Phe

621

ACG ACG CAG T TA AC A GGT ATT TTT TC C

CGC

ATT CAG GAT AAG

GAA

TC T

GAC

GC G AT T

GAA

GAT GGG

Thr

Thr

Gl n

Leu

Thr

Gly 1le Phe Se r .Ar g Ile Gl n As p

Lys

Glu Ser As p Ala Ile

Glu

As p

Gly

Bc I

I

68 7

GCG CGG CTG CTT GC T CAA

GC G

GT G AT C AGC GGG CAT T CC ATT T AT T TA TAC

GGA

GC G AAT

GAG CTT

Ala

Ar g

Leu L eu

Al a

Gln Al a

Va l

Ile

Ser

G l y

His Ser I l e

Tyr

L eu

Tyr Gl y

Al a

As n

Gl u

Leu

7 5 3

C AG

GGC GT C T TT TAT

GAG

GCC ACC

GAA

AG C AAA GAA

CCC TTC C CA TC T GTC

AAA GCC T T T

C CA

GAA

Gl n Gl y

Val

Phe

Tyr

Glu

Al a Thr

Glu

Ser

Lys

Glu

P r o Phe

P r o Ser Va l

Lys

Al a

P he

P r o

Glu

819

AA C GC T

GAG

GAA

GTG ACA GAA AGC GAC AGG GTG C TG ATG TT T TGC T C A GGG ACG GGC

AC A GCC

GAA

As n

Al a

Glu

Gl u

V a l T h r Gl u

Ser

As p Ar g

Va l L eu Met

Phe

C y s

Ser

G l y

Thr

G l y

T h rA l a

Glu

Sac

8 8 5

GAA CAG GAG

CTC GCA

AAA GAG

C T T

TAT GAA

AAA GGT GCG

GGA

GTC

GT A

TGC

GT A

T C G C C C

GC A

GC C

Glu Gln

Gl u

L eu Ala

Lys Gl u Leu

Tyr Glu Lys

Gly

Al a

Gl y

Va l Va l Cys Va l

Ser

P r o Al a Al a

9 5 1

AAA

GAC

AGT

GCG GGA ATA GAA C AG TAT TGT GAT GT G C AT .AT T GAT TC T AAA TTA AAA ATG C C G C TT

Lys As p

Ser

Ala Gly Ile

Glu Gl n Tyr Cys

As p Va l

Hi s

Ile

As p Ser Lys Leu Lys Met P r o Leu

1017

GTT

CCC

GAT

GAA

GAC GGC AC C CGT TAC GGG TTT C C C T C T

T TA AT G. AC A

GC A C T G T AT GTC T AT CAC

Va l

P r o

As p Glu As p

Gl y

Thr Ar g

Tyr

Gly Phe P r o

Ser

Leu Met Tbr Al a L eu Tyr Va l Tyr Hi s

i 1 0 8 2

GCT

TT A

TCG

T TT

AC A C TA AAA GAA

ATT CTG

C AA

GAG TAT

GC A T AA T AT C TT AT TG T AC ATGC TGG

Al a Leu

Ser Phe

Thr

Leu Lys Glu

Il e. Leu Gl n

Gl u Tyr

Al a *

1162

AACTTGCCGG AAACAAATAA A AA AG AC T T G C C C GC T T TT G ACAAACGGCA

AGTCTTTTTT

A T TA C T TC T G A T TT G C AG C T

F I G .

4 .

N u c l e o t i d e

s e q u e n c e

o f

t h e

s p o O F

g e n e

a n d

t h e

a d j a c e n t

r e g i o n .

O n l y

t h e s e q u e n c e c o n f i r m e d b y t w o i n d e p e n d e n t

e x p e r i m e n t s

i s s h o w n .

T h e i n f e r r e d

a m i n o

a c i d

s e q u e n c e

o f

s p o O F

i s a l s o s h o w n .

T h e

p r e s u m p t i v e   - 3 5 s e q u e n c e , P r i b n o w s e q u e n c e , a n d S h i n e - D a l g a r n o r i b o s o m e

b i n d i n g

s e q u e n c e

a r e e n c l o s e d i n b o x e s . T h e

p u t a t i v e

t e r m i n a t o r

a n d

5 '

T - A - T - T - G - T

3 '

s e q u e n c e

d i s c u s s e d

i n

t h e

t e x t a r e u n d e r l i n e d .

o f

t h e s t r u c t u r a l

g e n e o f

s p o O F

l o s t t h e a b i l i t y t o s y n t h e s i z e t h e

p r o t e i n .

T h e

m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f t h i s

p r o t e i n

w a s

i n a g r e e m e n t

w i t h

t h e

v a l u e c a l c u l a t e d

o n t h e

b a s i s

o f t h e

p r e d i c t e d a m i n o

a c i d

c o m p o s i t i o n , 1 9 , 0 6 5 . A n o t h e r p r o t e i n , o f

m o l e c u l a r

w e i g h t

a b o u t

2 9 , 0 0 0 ,

f o u n d i n

t h e s a m e

e x p e r i m e n t w a s t h o u g h t t o b e

- t h e

p r o d u c t

o f

a

1 , 0 0 0 - b a s e

t r a n s c r i p t

o f

O F

f r a g m e n t

b e c a u s e

t h i s

p r o t e i n

w a s

s y n t h e s i z e d b y p U S F A B

b u t

n o t

b y

p U B l l O

  F i g .

5 .

DISCUSSION

R e p o r t s

o f n u c l e o t i d e

s e q u e n c e s

o f

B .

s u b t i l i s c h r o m o s o m a l

g e n e s

h a v e b e e n

s c a r c e .

We

h a v e

d e t e r m i n e d

t h e

n u c l e o t i d e

s e q u e n c e

o f t h e

s p o O F

g e n e r e g i o n .

T h e

s p o O F g e n e

i s

o n e o f

t h e - s p o O t y p e g e n e s

w h i c h

a r e k n o w n

t o c o n t r o l t h e

i n i t i a l

e v e n t s

o f

s p o r e

f o r m a t i o n .

T h e

n u c l e o t i d e

s e q u e n c e

w a s

f o u n d t o

c o n -

t a i n

o n l y

o n e

l o n g o p e n

r e a d i n g

f r a m e

c o n s i s t i n g

o f 1 7 3

c o d o n s ,

a n d t h e

p r e s u m p t i v e

m o l e c u l a r

w e i g h t

o f

t h e

g e n e

p r o d u c t

w a s

c a l c u l a t e d t o b e

1 9 , 0 6 5 .

E x p r e s s i o n

o f

t h e

s p o O F g e n e

o f

p U B S F 1 3

w a s e x a m i n e d

b y

t h e

m a x i c e l l

m e t h o d ,

a n d

a

2 0 - k i l o -

d a l t o n

p r o t e i n - w a s d e t e c t e d

b y

N a D o d S O 4 / p o l y a c r y l a m i d e g e l

e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s   F i g .

5 ) .

D i r e c t

c o r r e l a t i o n o f - t h e s p o OF g en e

w i t h

t h e

2 0 - k i l o d a l t o n

p r o t e i n w a s p r o v e d b e c a u s e pUBSFAB

l a c k i n g

a

p a r t o f t h e

s p o O F

c i s t r o n d i d n o t

c a u s e

t h e

p r o t e i n

s y n t h e s i s .

M a n y p a p e r s

h a v e d e a l t w i t h

s p o r u l a t i o n g e n e s b u t

i t s

g e n e

p r o d u c t

h a s

n o t

b e e n

i d e n t i f i e d

a t

t h e

m o l e c u l a r

l e v e l .

T h e m a x i c e l l m e t h o d u s e d

f o r i d e n t i f y i n g

t h e

s p o O F

g e n e

p r o d u c t o r i g i n a l l y w a s d e v e l o p e d w i t h

E . c o l i

C S R 6 0 3 ( r e c A l ,

u v r A 6 , p h r - 1 ) b y

S a n c a r e t

a l .

  2 2 ) .

We

a d a p t e d

t h i s

m e t h o d f o r

B . s u b t i l i s a n d

o b t a i n e d

s u c c e s s f u l r e s u l t s w i t h

s t r a i n U O T 0 2 7 7

( r e c E 4 ,

h i s A l ,

m e t B 5 , n o n B i ) .

T h i s m e t h o d w a s f o u n d

t o b e

u s e f u l f o r

i d e n t i f y i n g p r o t e i n s

e n c o d e d

b y

p l a s m i d

DNA i n

B .

s u b t i l i s .

o 5 5

i s a

m a j o r

c o m p o n e n t o f

R NA

p o l y m e r a s e

i n

t h e

a c t i v e l y

g r o w i n g

c e l l s

o f B .

s u b t i l i s ,

a n d i t h a s

b e e n

r e p o r t e d

t h a t

o ,

5 5

RNA

p o l y m e r a s e r e c o g n i z e s

t h e

p r o m o t e r s e q u e n c e

s i m i l a r t o

t h e E .

c o l i

c o n s e n s u s

s e q u e n c e   2 4 ) .

R e c e n t l y ,

i t

h a s

b e e n s h o w n

t h a t

m i n o r

t r a n s c r i p t i o n a l

d e t e r m i n a n t s

o -

3 7 ,

c r

2 9 ,

a n d

o -

2 8

a l s o

e x i s t i n

g r o w i n g

a n d

s p o r u l a t i n g

c e l l s

( 2 5 - 2 8 ) .

B i o c h e m i s t r y :

S h i m o t s u e t

a l .

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6 6 2

B i o c h e m i s t r y :

S h i m o t s u e t

 t

w i t z ' s

g r o u p ( 3 1 ,

3 2 ,

3 5 )

t h a t a n e x t e n s i v e mRNA-rRNA

i n -

t e r a c t i o n i s

a

r e q u i r e m e n t

f o r

e f f i c i e n t

t r a n s l a t i o n b y B . s u b t i l i s

r i b o s o m e s .

69

 

'

4 6

 

x

30

 

. _ 1

3 .

. 1 8 . 4  

1 2 . 3

0

 

2 9

 o

 20

F I G . 5 . P o l y p e p t i d e s

s y n t h e s i z e d

b y

p l a s m i d s

p U B 1 1 0 ,

p U B S F 1 3 ,

a n d

p U B S F A B .

M a x i c e l l s c a r r y i n g p l a s m i d s

were

i n c u b a t e d

w i t h

[ 1 4 C ] l e u c i n e .

L y s a t e s

o f

t h e s e m a x i c e l l s

were

e l e c t r o p h o r e s e d

on

15

N a D o d S O 4 / p o l y a c r y l a m i d e

g e l

( 2 3 ) . L a n e s : 1 ,

p U B 1 1 0 ;

2 ,

p U B S F 1 3 ;

3 , p U B S F A B . [ 1 4 C ] M e t h y l - l a b e l e d

c y t o c h r o m e

c ( 1 2 , 3 0 0

d a l t o n s ) , l a c -

t o g l o b u l i n

A ( 1 8 , 3 6 7

d a l t o n s ) ,

c a r b o n i c

a n h y d r a s e ( 3 0 , 0 0 0

d a l t o n s ) ,

o v a l b u m i n

( 4 6 , 0 0 0

d a l t o n s ) , a n d b o v i n e serum

a l b u m i n

( 6 9 , 0 0 0 d a l -

t o n s ) w e r e u s e d

as m o l e c u l a r

w e i g h t s t a n d a r d s .

M i n o r b a n d s ( o t h e r

t h a n t h e 2 9 -

a n d . 2 0 - k i l o d a l t o n

o n e s ) were

f o u n d

i n a l l l a n e s o f

t h e

o r i g i n a l p h o t o g r a p h .

L o s i c k a n d

P e r o   1 9 ) s u g g e s t e d

t h a t . t h e

d i v e r g e n t

p r o m o t e r

sequences

w e r e r e c o g n i z e d

b y

i n d i v i d u a l a r s u b u n i t s

i n R NA

p o l y m e r a s e s

. o f

B .

s u b t i l i s .

A c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

h e p t a m e r

seque nce

5

T - A - T - T - G - T - T 3 ' w a s

f o u n d

i n

t h e p r o m o t e r

r e g i o n

o f s p o V C

gene   2 9 )

w h i c h

w a s k n o w n t o b e

t r a n s c r i b e d i n

v i t r o b y

r

3 7

R NA

p o l y m e r a s e .

M o r a n

e t

a l .

r e p o r t e d

t h a t

t h e

t w o p r o m o t e r s

f o r

t h e

0 . 4 - k b

( s p o V G ) gene,

w h i c h

i s c a t a l y z e d i n

v i t r o

b y a

o

3 7

R NA

p o l y m e r a s e ,

r e t a i n

t h e

s i m i l a r

seque nce s

5 '

A - A - T - T -

G - A - T

3 a n d

5 ' T - A - A - T - G - C - T

3 ' a b o u t

1 0

b p

u p s t r e a m f r o m

t h e t w o

s t a r t

p o i n t s o f i n v i t r o

t r a n s c r i p t i o n

  3 0 ) . T h e p r o m o t e r

r e g i o n

o f

s p o O F

gene

a l s o c o n t a i n s

t h e 5 '

T - A - T - T - G - T - A

3

h e p t a m e r

  F i g .

4 ) ,

a l t h o u g h

i t

i s n o t y e t

k n o w n

w h e t h e r

t h e

s p o O F gene

i s t r a n s c r i b e d i n

v i t r o

b y o - 3 7

R NA p o l y m e r a s e

or

n o t .

A n o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g

f i n d i n g

i n s p o O F w a s c o n c e r n e d

w i t h

t r a n s l a t i o n . I t h a s

b e e n

s h o w n

t h a t t h e seque nce s

o f t h e

r i b o -

some b i n d i n g

s i t e s f o r e i g h t genes

o f G r a m - p o s i t i v e ,

sources

ar e

c a p a b l e

o f

f o r m i n g

s t a b l e c o m p l e x e s

w i t h t h e 3

e n d o f B .

s u b -

t i l i s 1 6 S

rRNA   3 1 ) .

M c L a u g h l i n e t

a l .   3 2 ) h a v e

s u g g e s t e d

t h a t

mRNAs

f r o m

G r a m - p o s i t i v e o r g a n i s m s

h a v e s t r o n g e r

S h i n e -

D a l g a r n o

c o m p l e m e n t a l i t y w i t h

1 6 S

rRNA

t h a n d o t h o s e

o f

E .

c o l i .

I n

t h e

s p o O F

gene,

a

5 '

A - A - A - G - G - A - G - G

3 '

sequence

i s

s i t u a t e d p r i o r t o

t h e i n i t i a t i o n

c o d o n .

T h i s

p o l y p u r i n e r e g i o n

c a n

p a i r

w i t h e i g h t n u c l e o t i d e s

on t h e

3 '

e n d

o f

B .

s u b t i l i s

1 6 S

rRNA

( C . W o e s e ,

c i t e d i n r e f .

3 1 )

as

f o l l o w s :

m R N A 5

. . .

AAAGGAGG

 

3 '

r R N A ' 3 ' (HO)UCUUUCCUCC

5 .

B a s e d on t h e r u l e s

o f T i n o c o

e t a l .

( 3 3 ) a n d B o r e r

e t

a l .

( 3 4 ) , t h e

c a l c u l a t e d

AG f o r t h i s

i n t e r a c t i o n

i s - 1 8 . 3

k c a l / m o l

( 1

c a l

=

4 . 1 8 4

J ) .

T h e r e f o r e , t h i s

sequence

seems

c a p a b l e o f f o r m i n g a

s t r i k i n g l y

s t a b l e

c o m p l e x

w i t h

t h e 3 ' e n d

o f

1 6 S

rRNA.

T h e s e

r e s u l t s

o f f e r

a n .

a d d i t i o n a l

e v i d e n c e

t o

t h e p r o p o s a l

- b y R a b i n -

We

a r e

g r a t e f u l

t o D r . S u e h a r u H o r i n o u c h i

f o r many s t i m u l a t i n g

d i s c u s s i o n s .

We

a r e a l s o g r a t e f u l

t o

M r . H . Y o s h i k a w a

a n d

H .

O s a d a

f o r

i n s t r u c t i o n

i n DNA

sequence

d e t e r m i n a t i o n

a n d f l u o r o g r a p h y . We

a r e

i n d e b t e d

t o

M r . H . K o j i m a

o f

ou r l a b o r a t o r y

f o r us e o f t h e computer

f a c i l i t i e s .

T h i s

r e s e a r c h

was s u p p o r t e d i n p a r t

b y a

G r a n t - i n - A i d

f o r

S c i e n t i f i c

R e s e a r c h ,

b y

a

G r a n t - i n - A i d

f o r

S p e c i a l

P r o j e c t

R e s e a r c h ,

a n d

b y a

G r a n t - i n - A i d

f o r E n c o u r a g e m e n t

o f

Y o u n g

S c i e n t i s t s

f r o m

t h e

M i n i s t r y

o f

E d u c a t i o n ,

S c i e n c e

a n d

C u l t u r e , J a p a n .

1 . M a n d e l s t a m ,

J . ( 1 9 6 9 ) S y m p .

S o c ,

G e n .

M i c r o b i o t

1 9 ,

3 7 7 - 4 0 4 :

2 . H o c h , J . A .

( 1 9 7 6 ) A d v .

G e n e t .

1 8 ,

6 9 - 9 8 .

3 . P i g g o t ,

P . J .   C o o t e ,

J . G . ( 1 9 7 6 )

B a c t e r i o t R e v . 4 0 ,

9 0 8 - 9 6 2 .

4 . H e n n e r ,

D . J .

 

H o c h ,

J .

A . ( 1 9 8 2 )

i n

T h e M o l e c u l a r

B i o l o g y o f

t h e

B a c i l l i , B a c i l l u s

s u b t i l i s ,

e d . D u b n a u ,

D . A . ( A c a d e m i c ,

New

Y o r k ) , V o l .

1 , pp . 1 - 3 3 .

5 .

K a w a m u r a , .

F . ,

S a i t o , H .

 

I k e d a , Y . ( 1 9 7 9 )

G e n e

5 , 8 7 - 9 1 .

6 . I i j i m a , T . ,

K a w a m u r a , F . ,

S a i t o ,

H .  

I k e d a , Y .

( 1 9 8 0 ) G e n e

9 ,

1 1 5 - 1 2 6 .

7 .

K a w a m u r a , F . ,

S a i t o , H . ,

H i r o c h i k a ,

H .  

K o b a y a s h i , Y .

( 1 9 8 0 )

J . G e n .

A p p l .

M i c r o b i o l

2 6 ,

3 4 5 - 3 5 5 .

8 .

K a w a m u r a ,

F . ,

S h i m o t s u , H . , S a i t o , H . , H i r o c h i k a ,

H .

 

K o b a -

y a s h i ,

Y . ( 1 9 8 1 ) '

i n

S p o r u l a t i o n a n d

G e r m i n a t i o n , . e d s .

L e v i n s o n ,

H .

S . ,

S o n e n s h e i n ,

A . L .

 

T i p p e r ,

D .

J . ( A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y

f o r

M i c r o b i o l o g y ,

W a s h i n g t o n ,

D C ) ,

p p. 1 0 9 - 1 1 3 .

9 . S h i v a k u m a r ,

A .

G .

  D u b n a u ,

D . ( 1 9 7 8 ) P l a s m i d

1 , 4 0 5 - 4 1 6 .

1 0 .

R h a e s e ,

H . J . , H o c h , J . A .

 

G r o s c u r t h ,

R . ( 1 9 7 7 )

P r o c . N a t l .

A c a d .

S c i .

USA 7 4 , 1 1 2 5 - 1 1 2 9 .

1 1 . H i r o c h i k a ,

H . ,

K o b a y a s h i , Y . ,

K a w a m u r a , F .

 

S a i t o ,

H . ( 1 9 8 2 )

J .

G e n .

A p p l

M i c r o b i o l 2 8 ,

2 2 5 - 2 2 9 .

1 2 . Y a n g ,

R .

C . A . , L i s , J .

  Wu, R .

( 1 9 7 9 )

M e t h o d s E n z y m o l

6 8 ,

1 7 6 - 1 8 2 .

1 3 . S m i t h ,

H .

0.

( 1 9 8 0 )

M e t h o d s

E n z y m o l

6 5 ,

3 7 1 - 3 8 0 .

1 4 . K a w a m u r a ,

F .

 

I t o ,

J . ( 1 9 7 7 )

J

V i r o t

2 3 ,

5 6 2 - 5 7 7 .

1 5 .

M a x a m , A . M .

  G i l b e r t ,

W. ( 1 9 8 0 )

M e t h o d s

E n z y m o l

6 5 ,

4 9 9 -

5 6 0 .

1 6 . S t e r l i n i , J .

M .

  M a n d e l s t a m ,

J .

( 1 9 6 9 ) B i o c h e m . J .

1 1 3 ,

2 9 - 3 7 .

1 7 .

H i r o c h i k a ,

H . , K o b a y a s h i ,

Y . , K a w a m u r a , F .

 

S a i t o ,

H . ( 1 9 8 1 )

J .

B a c t e r i o l .

1 4 6 ,

4 9 4 - 5 0 6 .

1 8 .

S h i b a t a ,

T .

 

S a i t o ,

H . ( 1 9 7 3 ) M u t a t .

R e s .

20

1 5 9 - 1 7 3 .

1 9 .

L o s i c k , R .

  P e r o , J . ( 1 9 8 1 )

C e l l

25

5 8 2 - 5 8 4 .

2 0 .

R o s e n b e r g ,

M .

 

C o u r t ,

D .

( 1 9 7 9 )

A n n u .

R e v . G e n e t .

1 3 ,

3 1 9 -

3 5 3 .

2 1 .

G o l d , L . ,

P r i b n o w , D . ,

S c h n e i d e r ,

T . ,

S h i n e d l i n g , S . , S i n g e r , B .

S .

 

S t o r m o ,

G . ( 1 9 8 1 )

A n n u .

R e v .

M i c r o b i o l

3 5 ,

3 6 5 - 4 0 3 .

2 2 . S a n c a r ,

A . , H a c k ,

A .

M .

  R u p p ,

W. D .

( 1 9 7 9 ) J .

B a c t e r i o l

1 3 7 ,

6 9 2 - 6 9 3 .

2 3 . L a e m m l i ,

U . K .  

F a v r e , M .

( 1 9 7 3 )

J . M o l

B i o l

8 0 ,

5 7 5 - 5 9 9 .

2 4 . L e e ,

G . ,

T a l k i n g t o n , C .

  P e r o , J . ( 1 9 8 0 )

Mol G e n .

G e n e t .

1 8 0 ,

5 7 - 6 5 .

2 5 .

H a l d e n w a n g ,

W . G .  

L o s i c k ,

R . ( 1 9 8 0 ) P r o c .

N a t l A c a d .

S c i .

U S A 7 7 ,

7 0 0 0 - 7 0 0 4 .

2 6 .

H a l d e n w a n g ,

W.

G .

  L o s i c k ,

R .

( 1 9 7 9 ) N a t u r e ( L o n d o n )

2 8 2 ,

2 5 6 - 2 6 0 .

2 7 . H a l d e n w a n g ,

W. G . ,

L a n g , N .

 

L o s i c k ,

R .

( 1 9 8 1 ) C e l l

2 3 , 6 1 5 -

6 2 4 .

2 8 . W i g g s ,

J . L . , G i l m a n ,

M.

Z .

  C h a m b e r l i n ,

M.

J . ( 1 9 8 1 )

P r o c .

N a t i A c a d .

S c i . U SA 7 8 ,

2 7 6 2 - 2 7 6 6 .

2 9 .

M o r a n , C . P . , J r . , L a n g , N .

 

L o s i c k , R .

( 1 9 8 1 ) N u c l e i c

A c i d s

R e s . 9 ,

5 9 7 9 - 5 9 9 0 .

3 0 .

M o r a n , C . P . ,

J r . , L a n g , N . ,

B a n n e r , C . D .

B . ,

H a l d e n w a n g ,

W.

G .   L o s i c k ,

R . ( 1 9 8 1 )

C e l l 2 5 ,

7 8 3 - 7 9 1 .

3 1 .

M c L a u g h l i n ,

J .

R . ,

M u r r a y ,

C . L .

  R a b i n o w i t z ,

J . C .

( 1 9 8 1 ) J .

B i o l

C h e m .

2 5 6 , 1 1 2 8 3 - 1 1 2 9 1 .

3 2 .

M c L a u g h l i n ,

J .

R . , . M u r r a y ,

C.

L .

 

R a b i n o w i t z , J .

C . ( 1 9 8 1 )

P r o c .

N a t W

A c a d .

S c i . USA 7 8 ,

4 9 1 2 - 4 9 1 6 .

3 3 . T i n o c o ,

I . , J r . ,

B o r e r ,

P . N . , D e n g l e r ,

B . ,

L e v i n e ,

M. D . ,

U h l -

e n b e c k ,

0. C . , C r o t h e r s ,

D . M .

 

G r a l l a ,

J .

( 1 9 7 3 ) N a t u r e

( L o n -

d o n )

Ne w B i o l .

2 4 6 ,

4 0 - 4 1 .

3 4 .

B o r e r ,

P . N . , D e n g l e r ,

B .  

T i n o c o , I . , J r . ( 1 9 7 4 ) J .

Mol

B i o l . 8 6 ,

8 4 3 - 8 5 3 .

3 5 .

M u r r a y , C . L .

  R a b i n o w i t z , J .

C . ( 1 9 8 2 )

J .

B i o l .

C h e m . 2 5 7 ,

1 0 5 3 - 1 0 6 2 .

1

2

3

P r o c .

N a t l . A c a d . S c i . .

USA 8 0

  1 9 8 3 )