Early Empires of Early Empires of South AsiaSouth Asia

Identifying Essential Identifying Essential InformationInformation

Read pages 183-186Read pages 183-186 Using any note taking technique we have Using any note taking technique we have

used in classused in class IdentifyIdentify

LeadersLeaders AccomplishmentsAccomplishments DeclineDecline

of the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empireof the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire

Maurya EmpireMaurya Empire

From 321-200 BC –From 321-200 BC – Chandragupta Maurya founded empireChandragupta Maurya founded empire Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

United Northern Plains – large empireUnited Northern Plains – large empire Government – tax collecting, trade, militaryGovernment – tax collecting, trade, military Architecture – buildings, palacesArchitecture – buildings, palaces Economy – irrigation, tradeEconomy – irrigation, trade Religion – spread of BuddhismReligion – spread of Buddhism

Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.

Brought empire to height of its powerBrought empire to height of its power

Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.

Brought empire to height of its power + unitedBrought empire to height of its power + united Military powerMilitary power He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the

mass deaths of the war of Kalinga mass deaths of the war of Kalinga Tolerance “All faiths deserve to be honored for Tolerance “All faiths deserve to be honored for

one reason or another”one reason or another” Promoted BuddhismPromoted Buddhism

spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia = diffusion – built stupas= diffusion – built stupas

Asoka

Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka

Asoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Asoka

The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 269 BCE to 231 BCE.These inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. The edicts describe in detail the first wide expansion of Buddhism through the sponsorship of one of the most powerful kings of Indian history.

Asoka

The four animals in the Lion Capital are believed to symbolize different phases in Lord Buddha’s life.. National Emblem of India

Asoka

Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka

Ashoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Ashoka

DeclineDecline

After Asoka’s death empire lasted 50 After Asoka’s death empire lasted 50 more yearsmore years

Followed by 500 years of unrest with Followed by 500 years of unrest with many invadersmany invaders

Gupta EmpireGupta Empire From 320-535 AD – Northern India From 320-535 AD – Northern India

Trade = Peace and prosperity Trade = Peace and prosperity

Leader: Chandragupta ILeader: Chandragupta I Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

Government – well organizedGovernment – well organized Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of

daily life, literaturedaily life, literature Mathematics – “0”, size/shape earth, Arabic numeralsMathematics – “0”, size/shape earth, Arabic numerals Trade – with Arabs = diffusionTrade – with Arabs = diffusion

DeclineDecline

Conquered by the Huns from Central Conquered by the Huns from Central AsiaAsia

1000 years of fighting among rival Indian 1000 years of fighting among rival Indian princesprinces

Muslim Expansion Muslim Expansion into Indiainto India**Second significant migration to **Second significant migration to

South AsiaSouth Asia

ExpansionExpansion Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to

South Asia South Asia Mongols, Turks, Afghans, PersiansMongols, Turks, Afghans, Persians

Delhi SultansDelhi Sultans

Sultan -Muslim ruling monarchSultan -Muslim ruling monarch From 1200-1500From 1200-1500 No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-

MuslimsMuslims Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments Government – toleration, military, services Government – toleration, military, services

(education, irrigation, hospitals) (education, irrigation, hospitals) Sultan Firuz TughlakSultan Firuz Tughlak

Architecture – buildings, palacesArchitecture – buildings, palaces Economy – irrigation, trade with Middle EastEconomy – irrigation, trade with Middle East Religion – Islam; cause of future conflictsReligion – Islam; cause of future conflicts

Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion

1398 – Tamerlane – 1398 – Tamerlane – Timur the LameTimur the Lame

Destroyed and leftDestroyed and left ““The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s

armies struck Delhi was prompted by their armies struck Delhi was prompted by their desire to escape the stench of rotting desire to escape the stench of rotting corpses they were leaving behind them.corpses they were leaving behind them.

Sultans back in power for short time but Sultans back in power for short time but fragmentedfragmented

Incompatibilities BETWEEN Incompatibilities BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISMISLAM AND HINDUISM

HinduismHinduism Polytheistic -worship Polytheistic -worship

many gods, many gods, caste systemcaste system born into the religion- born into the religion-

no idea of conversionno idea of conversion DietDiet cow is sacredcow is sacred

IslamIslam Monotheistic - worship Monotheistic - worship

one Godone God all people are seen as all people are seen as

equal under the eyes of equal under the eyes of GodGod

dietary restrictionsdietary restrictions proselytizers-seek to proselytizers-seek to

convert othersconvert others Creedal - statement of Creedal - statement of

beliefsbeliefs

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISMISLAM AND HINDUISM

Resulted in conflict and destructionResulted in conflict and destruction

Mughal EmpireMughal Empire

Also MongolAlso Mongol Persian word for MongolPersian word for Mongol

Last Muslim Empire in South AsiaLast Muslim Empire in South Asia 1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of 1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of

South AsiaSouth Asia Founded by Babur – Battle of PanipatFounded by Babur – Battle of Panipat

Akbar the GreatAkbar the Great

Akbar the Great – 1556-Akbar the Great – 1556-16051605

Golden Age of Mughal EmpireGolden Age of Mughal Empire Ruling innovations - compromiseRuling innovations - compromise

religious tolerationreligious toleration Eliminated tax on non-MuslimsEliminated tax on non-Muslims Hindus in governmentHindus in government Supported Hindu poets/artistsSupported Hindu poets/artists

Cultural BlendingCultural Blending Architecture – Indian styleArchitecture – Indian style Urdu: language – Hindi and PersianUrdu: language – Hindi and Persian

Akbar the Great – 1556-Akbar the Great – 1556-16051605

Divine Faith: combination of several Divine Faith: combination of several faiths – universal religionfaiths – universal religion Hope to end religious conflictHope to end religious conflict Died with AkbarDied with Akbar

No mass conversion to IslamNo mass conversion to Islam

Taj MahalTaj Mahal

Shah Jahan – Akbar’s grandsonShah Jahan – Akbar’s grandson Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz

Mahal Mahal

Taj Mahal Mosque

Virtual Tour

National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Part 4

National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Part 1

National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Whole VidStart 1:37 – 5:25 add Shah Jahan to - Then 28:00 – 38:00

Taj MahalTaj Mahal

Year of ConstructionYear of Construction: 1631 - 1632: 1631 - 1632Completed InCompleted In: 1653: 1653Time TakenTime Taken: 22 years: 22 yearsBuilt ByBuilt By: Shah Jahan : Shah Jahan Dedicated toDedicated to: Mumtaz Mahal the wife of : Mumtaz Mahal the wife of Shah JahanShah JahanLocationLocation: Agra (Uttar Pradesh) : Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Building TypeBuilding Type: Islamic tomb : Islamic tomb

Shah Jahan

Taj Mahal

Results of MughalResults of Mughal

Diversity is the normDiversity is the norm Cultural blendingCultural blending Separation will be emphasizedSeparation will be emphasized

Mughal DeclineMughal Decline

By 1700’sBy 1700’s Wasteful spendingWasteful spending Loss of toleranceLoss of tolerance

Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of governmentgovernment

Hindu princes revoltedHindu princes revolted Civil war among Muslim princesCivil war among Muslim princes All weakened empire = opened the door for All weakened empire = opened the door for

EuropeansEuropeans British East Indian CompanyBritish East Indian Company

Identify similarities Identify similarities between the Empiresbetween the Empires

Maurya, Gupta, MughalMaurya, Gupta, Mughal Crash Course MongolsCrash Course Mongols