Early Blight and Septoria Leaf Spot of Tomato - NEON · Treatments - Tomato Early Blight (Abby Seaman, 2001 and 2002) ... Fish or Neptune’s Harvest Benefits of Fish) 7 oz 16 oz

Early Blightand

Septoria Leaf Spotof Tomato

Sources of PathogenSources of PathogenSeed and transplants.Seed and transplants.Spores dispersed by wind Spores dispersed by wind

or water.or water.Crop debris.Crop debris.

Potential ImpactPotential ImpactLoss of leaves.Loss of leaves.Sunscald of exposed fruit.Sunscald of exposed fruit.Fruit lesions due to EB.Fruit lesions due to EB.Poor fruit quality (lower Poor fruit quality (lower

sugar content).sugar content).Plants produce less.Plants produce less.Severity increases over years.Severity increases over years.

SeptoriaLeafSpot

ManagementManagementPurchase seed from reliable supplier.Purchase seed from reliable supplier.Hot water treat seed right before planting. Hot water treat seed right before planting. Rotate land. At least 3 yrs,Rotate land. At least 3 yrs,Select EB resistant varieties when suitable.Select EB resistant varieties when suitable.Early maturing varieties have more EB.Early maturing varieties have more EB.IndeterminantIndeterminant varieties have less EB.varieties have less EB.Mulch to interfere with spore dispersal.Mulch to interfere with spore dispersal.

Hairy vetch might induce resistance.Hairy vetch might induce resistance.Rows parallel to prevailing wind.Rows parallel to prevailing wind.

ManagementManagementWide row and plant spacing.Wide row and plant spacing.Separate plantings.Separate plantings.Stake or Stake or trellisetrellise; disinfect first if used.; disinfect first if used.Optimum growing conditions.Optimum growing conditions.Drip irrigate or overhead when leaf wetness Drip irrigate or overhead when leaf wetness

period minimally extended.period minimally extended.Work when foliage is dry.Work when foliage is dry.

ManagementManagementControl weeds and volunteer tomato plants.Control weeds and volunteer tomato plants.Rescue treatments Rescue treatments –– start very early.start very early.

Use disease forecasting system.Use disease forecasting system.Copper fungicides, Sonata biofungicide, Copper fungicides, Sonata biofungicide, PlantShieldPlantShield (not labeled for this use)(not labeled for this use)

Incorporate crop residue promptly after Incorporate crop residue promptly after harvest.harvest.

Early Blight Resistant VarietiesEarly Blight Resistant Varieties

Mountain series from NC:Mountain series from NC:Mountain Pride, Mountain Pride, Supreme, Gold, Fresh and Belle.Supreme, Gold, Fresh and Belle.

Late maturing and fruit small.Late maturing and fruit small.

Cornell Program. First variety Cornell Program. First variety expected available in 2007. More expected available in 2007. More suitable for northeast.suitable for northeast.

New Tomato Selection from CornellNew Tomato Selection from Cornell

DefoliationDefoliationdue todue tolate blight late blight (US(US--7) 7) in 1999 in 1999

Selection with Selection with Resistance to Resistance to early blight and early blight and late blight

StandardStandardSusceptibleSusceptibleVariety late blightVariety

Treatments Treatments -- Tomato Early BlightTomato Early Blight(Abby Seaman, 2001 and 2002)(Abby Seaman, 2001 and 2002)

PlantshieldPlantshield ((TrichodermaTrichoderma harzianumharzianum))drench + foliar applicationsdrench + foliar applications

MycostopMycostop ((StreptomycesStreptomyces griseoviridisgriseoviridis) ) -- drenchdrenchTrilogy (Trilogy (neemneem oil) oil) -- foliar foliar Serenade (Serenade (Bacillus Bacillus subtilissubtilis) ) -- 4 and 8 lb/A foliar4 and 8 lb/A foliarOxidateOxidate (hydrogen dioxide) (hydrogen dioxide) -- foliarfoliar

Drench after transplanting (1 or 9 days after).Drench after transplanting (1 or 9 days after).3 Foliar sprays at 23 Foliar sprays at 2--week interval.week interval.

PlantshieldPlantshield drenchdrench 5.65.6 aa

PlantshieldPlantshield foliarfoliar 20.020.0 bb

PlantshieldPlantshield drench + foliardrench + foliar 10.010.0 abab

TrilogyTrilogy 8.18.1 aa

untreateduntreated 21.321.3 bb

% Diseased Foliage% Diseased FoliageTreatmentTreatment 9/26/019/26/01

Treatments Treatments -- Tomato Early BlightTomato Early Blight

PlantshieldPlantshield drenchdrench 6.256.25 bcbcPlantshieldPlantshield foliarfoliar 8.258.25 ababPlantshieldPlantshield drench + foliardrench + foliar 4.504.50 ccMycostopMycostop drenchdrench 7.257.25 bcbcTrilogyTrilogy 8.758.75 ababSerenade 8 lb/ASerenade 8 lb/A 7.007.00 bcbcOxidateOxidate 7.007.00 bcbcuntreateduntreated 11.2511.25 aa

% Diseased Foliage% Diseased FoliageTreatmentTreatment 10/3/0210/3/02

Treatments Treatments -- Tomato Early BlightTomato Early Blight

Organic Tomato ProductionOrganic Tomato ProductionFertilityFertility

Low N Low N -- vetch cover cropvetch cover cropHigh N High N -- vetch + peanut meal (50 lb/A N)vetch + peanut meal (50 lb/A N)

Control of Foliar DiseasesControl of Foliar DiseasesCompost teaCompost teaSonata Sonata (2 qt/(2 qt/A)(AgraQuestA)(AgraQuest biofungicide)biofungicide)Compost tea + SonataCompost tea + SonataCompost tea + rescue fungicidesCompost tea + rescue fungicides

Organic Tomato ProductionOrganic Tomato Production

6/16/1 Flail chopped vetch.Flail chopped vetch.

6/116/11 Transplanted.Transplanted.

6/236/23 Peanut meal applied.Peanut meal applied.

6/10/04

6/17/04

7/9/04

7/28/04

Tomato Foliar DiseasesPowdery mildew

Septoria leaf spot

Bacterial speck

Compost tea.Compost tea.

Fungicides for Fungicides for

organic production.organic production.

Foliar Disease TreatmentsFoliar Disease TreatmentsCompost teaCompost tea

applied undiluted with fish hydrolysate (1 oz/15 gal) applied undiluted with fish hydrolysate (1 oz/15 gal) and and nuFilmnuFilm P (6 oz/A) on 8, 16, 23, and 29 Jul; 4, 11, 17, P (6 oz/A) on 8, 16, 23, and 29 Jul; 4, 11, 17, and 25 Aug; and 1 and 8 Sep. and 25 Aug; and 1 and 8 Sep.

Sonata Sonata (2 qt/(2 qt/A)(AgraQuestA)(AgraQuest biofungicide)biofungicide)applied 11, 17, and 25 Aug; and 1, 8, and 17 Sep. applied 11, 17, and 25 Aug; and 1, 8, and 17 Sep.

Rescue fungicidesRescue fungicidesJMS JMS StyletStylet oil (5 qt/100 gal) applied on 25 Aug and 1 oil (5 qt/100 gal) applied on 25 Aug and 1

Sep for powdery mildew.Sep for powdery mildew.copper fungicide Champion (4 lb/A) applied on 3, 12 copper fungicide Champion (4 lb/A) applied on 3, 12

and 17 Sep for all 3 diseases. and 17 Sep for all 3 diseases.

Low NitrogenLow NitrogenNontreatedNontreated 1111 5353Compost tea (10X; 7/30 Compost tea (10X; 7/30 -- 9/24)9/24) 33 3535

High NitrogenHigh NitrogenNontreatedNontreated 1111 4343Compost tea (10X)Compost tea (10X) 1010 4646Sonata (6X)Sonata (6X) 99 6262Tea (10X) + Sonata (6X) Tea (10X) + Sonata (6X) 88 4040Tea + Rescue fungicides (5X)Tea + Rescue fungicides (5X) 99 4040

Powdery Mildew SeverityPowdery Mildew SeverityTreatmentTreatment 9/19/1 9/249/24

Organic Control Tomato DiseasesOrganic Control Tomato Diseases



Bacterial Speck Incidence (%)Bacterial Speck Incidence (%)TreatmentTreatment 9/249/24 10/110/1




SeptoriaSeptoria Leaf Spot IncidenceLeaf Spot IncidenceTreatmentTreatment 9/249/24 10/110/1




Defoliation (%)Defoliation (%)TreatmentTreatment 9/249/24 10/110/1


Treatment not started early enough?Treatment not started early enough?

Need to treat seed or seedlings?Need to treat seed or seedlings?

Effective organisms not present?Effective organisms not present?

Change recipe?Change recipe?

Change brewing conditions?Change brewing conditions?

Applied at wrong time?Applied at wrong time?

Evening better than morning?Evening better than morning?

Why Was Compost Tea Ineffective?Why Was Compost Tea Ineffective?

9/23/04

Nontreated, High N

9/23/04

Compost tea + Rescue fungicides, High N

Compost Tea RecipesCompost Tea Recipes20032003 20042004 IngredientIngredient

4 lb 4 lb Grape pumice compostGrape pumice compost4 lb4 lb LeafLeaf--based compostbased compost

4 lb4 lb 4 lb4 lb VermicompostVermicompost (manure(manure--based compost)based compost)

12 oz 12 oz 12 oz12 oz Kelp Kelp ((FertrellFertrell Liquid Kelp)Liquid Kelp)

7 oz7 oz 4 oz4 oz Fish hydrolysate Fish hydrolysate ((Organic Gem Liquid Organic Gem Liquid

Fish or NeptuneFish or Neptune’’s Harvest Benefits of Fishs Harvest Benefits of Fish))

7 oz7 oz 16 oz16 oz HumicHumic acid acid ((FertrellFertrell BioBio--Hume)Hume)

60 gal water60 gal waterBrewed 24 hr in Brewed 24 hr in SotilloSotillo BrewerBrewer

Compost Tea Expenses, 2004Compost Tea Expenses, 2004$6.72$6.72 8 lb8 lb VermicompostVermicompost$1.89$1.89 16 oz16 oz HumicHumic acid acid ((FertrellFertrell BioBio--Hume)Hume)

$1.31$1.31 12 oz12 oz Kelp Kelp ((FertrellFertrell Liquid Kelp)Liquid Kelp)

$0.52$0.52 4 oz4 oz Fish hydrolysate Fish hydrolysate (Neptune)(Neptune)

$10.35$10.35 60 gal60 gal$19.16$19.16 110 gal/A110 gal/A

$1.92$1.92 Fish hydrolysate (2 oz/15 gal)Fish hydrolysate (2 oz/15 gal)$1.64$1.64 nuFilmnuFilm P spreader (6 oz/A)P spreader (6 oz/A)

$22.72$22.72 per acre cost undilutedper acre cost undiluted

Treatment Costs ($/A)Treatment Costs ($/A)

$22.72$22.72 Compost tea (undiluted)Compost tea (undiluted)

$26.50$26.50 Serenade (4 lb/A)Serenade (4 lb/A)

$6.50$6.50 Champion (2 lb/A)Champion (2 lb/A)

Documents

Early Blight and Septoria Leaf Spot of Tomato - NEON · Treatments - Tomato Early Blight (Abby Seaman, 2001 and 2002) ... Fish or Neptune’s Harvest Benefits of Fish) 7 oz 16 oz