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E3 237 Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communication. Lecture 1: Introduction. Gaurab Banerjee Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore [email protected]. Administrative Matters. Course Web Page: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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E3 237 Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communication
Gaurab BanerjeeDepartment of Electrical Communication Engineering,
Indian Institute of Science, [email protected]
Lecture 1: Introduction
Course Web Page:
http://www.ece.iisc.ernet.in/~banerjee/course_E3237/index.htm
Class Timings:
Tuesdays/Thursdays, 1530-1700 IST, Room 1.08 , ECE Bldg.Please be on Time!
Office hours:
To be determined after week 2 of classes, Currently by Appointment Class Mailing List:
Please send me an email with E3 237 in the subject line (follow this convention for all course related emails) to get added to the class mailing list for announcements.
Administrative Matters
Grading and Course Structure: 3 lecture-hours per week2 homework assignments (10% of course grade)Midterm (25% of course grade)Project (5% on novelty, 15% on final report, 10% on group presentation)Final Examination (35% of course grade)
TAs: TBA
Text: No textbook: Please take notes in class, or make backup arrangements.
Recommended references:
1) RF Microelectronics by B. Razavi (Pearson)2) The Design Of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits by T. Lee
(Cambridge University Press)
Tentative Calendar: On Class Website.
Administrative Matters
Course ContentsSystem Level Concepts:
Noise and Linearity. Concepts such as noise figure, 2-port noise parameters, IIP3. Cascaded noise figure and IIP3. The modeling of an RF system using these concepts. Receiver and Transmitter Architectures.
Circuit Design: • RLC Networks, • Low Noise Amplifiers & Mixers• Voltage Controlled Oscillators • Phase Locked Loops and Synthesizers• Power Amplifiers
Case Studies:• Cellular Transceiver• Wireless LAN transceiver• Millimeter wave transceiver
Connection to other courses
E3 284: Digital VLSI Circuits
E3 yyy: ICs for Wireline Commn.
E3 zzz: ICs for Data Conversion
E8 242: RF ICs and Systems
• Prerequisite: If you wish to take this course for credit and have not taken E3 238, you need to take my permission.
• It is recommended that students take the Digital VLSI Circuits course (Prof. Amrutur) and the RF Systems Course (Prof. Vinoy) before signing up for this course.
E3 237:ICs for Wireless Commn.
E3 238: Analog VLSI Systems
Frequencies and Applications
1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz Bluetooth
802.11a WLAN
UWB
GSM/CDMA
850
GSM/CDMA
1900
GPS60 GHz 802.15.3.3c
77 GHz Radar
Sub-THz imaging
• Many commercial applications span the 1-10 GHz frequency range.
• Higher f T s are pushing CMOS radios to higher frequencies, traditionally the domain of SiGe or III-V semiconductors
• Many interesting research problems, plenty of employment !!!
24 GHz Radar
VHF/UHF Broadcasting
Commercial CMOS Products
0.35 um 0.25 um 0.18 um 0.13 um 90/65/45 nm
An informal look at wireless
An iPod-nano Teardown....
http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20081016/159685/
..reveals many chips inside...
... including a Wireless LAN chip by Broadcom...
A more scientific look
A Broadcom 2.4 GHz WLAN Transceiver
S. Khorram et. al., “A Fully Integrated SOC for 802.11b in 0.18-m CMOS”, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, Dec. 2005. (Broadcom Paper)
• Architecture: zero-IF with on-chip LPF for channel selectionSuper-heterodyne/low-IF architecture not chosen due to filter constraints.
• Gain = 88 dB, BW = 8 MHz, Noise Figure = 4.8-5.8 dB, excluding T/R switch
• Integrated PA, T/R switch, RF Baluns and Baseband MAC
The Receiver
LNA with on-chip balun
Wideband RSSI for blocker estimation
Narrowband RSSI for gain selection
Active Gilbert mixer
5th order Active RC LPF
8-b pipelined ADC
The Transmitter
Class AB stage with balun for SE 50-Ohm output
Current steering DAC for TX I/Q inputFiltering of Data
Converter image frequency
SSB mixers for up-conversion
The Local Oscillator
Crystal oscillator for Reference generation
Integer-N frequency synthesis
Receiver Front-end
5th order Active RC LPF – 8 MHz BW
LNA – Dominates RX Noise Figure
Programmable baseband Amplifiers
Received Signal Strength Indicators
88 dB RX gain with 8 MHz BW 6-7 dB Noise Figure with T/R switch included
Transmitter Front-end
1-dB compression point Max. TX output power = 13 dBm
I/Q mismatch causes EVM increase
Out of Band Power due to Harmonics and Spurs in LO
LO Generation and Distribution
Integer-N frequency synthesis
1.6 GHz VCO used to generate 2.4 GHz output – avoids LO Pulling1 MHz
channel spacing
1.6 GHz divided to 800 MHz and mixed with itself – provides 2.4 GHz. Spurs at 800 MHz and 4 GHz
Tuned buffers needed in LO distribution
Low Noise Amplifier
SE/Differential Conversion: Attenuation causes NF increase
Source degeneration for input match
Cascode input stage for gain, isolation, high frequency performance
Tuned output loads
Power AmplifierMeasure signal strength and adjust pre-amp gain
Pseudo-differential cascodes
Transformer coupled, tuned output stage
Gate-biasing for optimum linearity
Key Transceiver Data: Receiver
Fix PER at 8% for different data rates
• RX sensitivity = -88 dBm for 11 Mbps, -93 dBm for 2 Mbps• Noise figure can be deduced from these sensitivity values
IIP3 = -15 dBm for low gain, 6 dBm for high gain
• Noise Figure dominates performance at the lower end of the dynamic range• Nonlinearities and non-ideal LO behavior dominates the higher end of the dynamic range
Key Transceiver Data: Transmitter
Spectral Mask Compliance
EVM Margin
What it Looks Like: The die-shot
Performance Summary
Next Class: RLC Networks