e-learning workbook - National Fire Chiefs · 1 Q.1 Life expectancy for men in Wigan is higher than the average for life expectancy for men in England True False Equal Q.2 Life expectancy

Understanding Health Improvement e-learning workbook

Level 2 Award in

Royal Society for Public HealthJohn Snow House, 59 Mansell Street, London, E1 8AN

Tel: +44(0)20 7265 7300 • Fax: +44(0)20 765 7301 • www.rsph.org.uk

Welcome

1

Thank you for choosing to learn online.

This e-learning workbook has been designed to support you through your learning by helping you to keep a record of your activities in one place.

Please save a copy for working through activities and for future reference

(quiz answers will be revealed in the e-learning programme).

It will assist you in your:

• studies

• note making

• storage of extra information

• reflection on your role

• and continuing professional development

For more information please visit www.rsph.org.uk 2

Qualification AimThe aim of this programme is to equip you with a knowledge and understanding of:

• the principles of promoting health and wellbeing

• how to direct individuals towards further practical support in their efforts to attain a healthier lifestyle

Award OverviewHow individuals can help others improve their health is central to this qualification. The programme will support the role of a health promoter in the community and the workplace. It will equip you with the basic knowledge and understanding of the principles of promoting health and wellbeing and will cover:

• the principles of promoting health and wellbeing

• how to direct individuals towards further practical support in their efforts to attain a healthier lifestyle

Summary of Outcomes:After studying using this e-learning programme, you may wish to take the RSPH examination in this subject. This will demonstrate that you:

1. Know how inequalities in health may develop and what the current policies are for addressing these.

2. Understand how effective communication can support health messages.

3. Know how to promote improvements in health and wellbeing to individuals.

4. Understand the impact of change on improving an individual’s health and wellbeing.

This award is not about:

Assessment of people’s health and fitness using detailed questionnaires or specialist exercise equipment and techniques

This award is about helping people to:

Meet their needs

Make informed choices

Develop and/or improve healthier lifestyles

By listening, providing support, information, signposting and being available.

You may like to use the material in this resource in conjunction with your e-learning.

Royal Society for Public Health Level 2 Award in Understanding Health Improvement

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✔

Criteria • Give an example of health inequality, its effects and possible impact on local communities

• Identify the factors leading to health inequalities

• Outline the policies and methodologies for reducing inequalities in health

Dimensions of Health Individual dimensions of health:

• Physical health – fitness, not being ill

• Mental health – feeling good and able to cope

• Emotional health – ability to express feelings and maintain relationships

• Social health – social support systems, e.g. friends and family

• Spiritual health – moral or religious beliefs and ability to engage with these

• Sexual health – acceptance of an ability to express one’s sexuality

Outcome 1

3

Enviromental

SocietalMentalPhysical

Social

SexualSpirtual

Emotional

For more information please visit www.rsph.org.uk

Layers of Influence on HealthThe Dahlgren and Whitehead model attempts to map the relationship between the individual, their environment and disease. Individuals are at the centre with a set of fixed genes; surrounding them are influences on health that can be modified.

• The first layer is personal behaviour and ways of living that can promote or damage health e.g. choice to smoke or not. Individuals are affected by friendship patterns and the norms of their community.

• The second layer is social and community influences, which provide mutual support for members of the community in unfavourable conditions. They may also provide no support or have a negative effect.

• The third layer includes structural factors: housing, working conditions access to services and provision of essential facilities.

Consider what factors impact on those individuals in the community where you live or work:

• Personal behaviours and lifestyles, e.g.

• Support and influence within communities which can sustain or damage health, e.g.

• Living and working conditions and access to facilities and services, e.g.

• Economic, cultural and environmental conditions such as standards of living and the labour market, e.g.

You may be using Understanding Health Improvement to • Guide choice through incentives – social change

• Guide choice (NUDGE) – Social change & behaviour change

• Enable choice – Behaviour change

• Give information – Educate

Dahlgren & Whitehead (1991)

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A ladder of interventions

Gre

ater

leve

ls o

f int

erve

ntio

n

Eliminate choice: regulate to eliminate choice entirely

Restrict choice: regulate to restrict the options available to people

Guide choice through disincentives: use finanacial or other disincentives to influence people to

not pursue certain activities

Guide choice through incentives: use finanacial and other incentives to guide people to

pursue certain activities

Guide choice through changing the default: made ‘healthier’ choices the default option for people

Enable choice: enable people to change their behaviours.

Provide information: inform and educate people

Do nothing or simply monitor the current situation

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Q.1 Life expectancy for men in Wigan is higher than the average for life expectancy for men in England

True

False

Equal

Q.2 Life expectancy for women in Wigan is higher than the average for life expectancy for men in England

True

False

Equal

Q.3 Hospital stays for alcohol related harm in Wigan are higher than those on average for England as a whole

True

False

Equal

Q.4 Life expectancy for men in Surrey is higher than the average for life expectancy for men in England

True

False

Equal

Q.5 Life expectancy for women in Surrey is higher than the average for life expectancy for men In England

True

False

Equal

Health Inequalities ActivityWithout looking up answers guess the answers to these statements.

They all compare local data averages with the average for that of

England (based on 2011 Health Profile information)

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NorthernIreland

Scotland

Wales

South WestSouth East

Eastern

GreaterLondon

WestMidlands

EastMidlands

Northern& Yorkshire

North West

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The answers to this information comes from the ‘Health Profiles’; the Department of Health’s programme to improve availability and accessibility to heath and health-related information in England. Health Profiles give a snapshot overview of health for each local authority in England. They are produced annually by the Public Health Observatories in England working in partnership and are commissioned by the Department of Health.

They are designed to help local government and health services make decisions and plans to improve local people’s health and reduce health inequalities. The profiles present a set of important health indicators that show how the area compares to the national and regional average.

For more information please visit www.rsph.org.uk

Q.6 The percentage of adults eating healthily in Liverpool (5 a day) is better than the England average

True

False

Equal

Q.7 Early deaths from heart disease, stroke and cancer in Sheffield are higher than the average for England

True

False

Equal

Q.8 The number of physically active adults in Oxford compared with the average for England is higher

True

False

Equal

Q.9 The number of obese adults in Oxford compared with the average for England is higher

True

False

Equal

Q.10 The percentage of people on GP registers diagnosed with diabetes in Oxford compared with the average for England is lower

True

False

Equal

Q.11 The number of new cases of Tuberculosis in Kent is higher than that on average across England

True

False

Equal

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Why not look at the Health profile for your area?Remember that these are averages, reading the ‘….at a glance’ summary may add to your appreciation of the key factors affecting the health of your local population and local health priorities.

Weblink:http://www.apho.org.uk/default.aspx?RID=49802

The Public Health Observatories produce several profiles and mapping tools that give more detail about particular health issues. These do not always present information at local authority level. Some of them focus on Primary Care Trusts, as the profiles are intended to be used by people planning PCT services.

• Local Alcohol Profiles for England • Diabetes Community Health Profiles

• End of Life Care Profiles • National Obesity Observatory Maps

• Sexual Health Balanced Scorecard • Skin Cancer Hub

• Urological Cancer Profiles • Local Tobacco Control Profiles for England

• Slope Index of Inequalities • Practice Profiles

• National Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Profiles • Excess Winter Deaths (EWD) Atlas for England

Profiles for particular groups of people • ChiMat, the Child and Maternal Health Observatory, produce information and profiles on issues that particularly

affect health for children, young people and mothers.

• Older People Profiles show indicators relating to older people’s health for all local authorities in England.

You might like to find your local government data relating to specific areas within your community.

Other factors affecting the health of individuals may be genetic predisposition, culture or age. For example:

In comparison with England and Wales, mortality (death) rates are higher in people from the Indian sub-continent, Africa and the Caribbean from:

• Tuberculosis

• Accidents

• Cancer of the liver

African and South Asian populations have higher mortality (deaths) from:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Strokes

The nature of the association between age and utilization of treatment services is generally different from that found between age and seeking preventive and detection services, probably reflecting the effect of objective medical and dental need.

With respect to characteristics of those who delay in seeking diagnosis and treatment of cancer, similar patterns emerge. In general, persons who delay are older, of low educational status and, at least in some studies, males.

Blackwell, Barbara, The Literature of Delay in Seeking Medical Care for Chronic Illnesses, Health Education Monographs, 16, 3–31,1963

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http://www.milbank.org/uploads/documents/QuarterlyCentennialEdition/Why%20ppl.%20Use%20Health%20Srvcs.pdf

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List those areas within your local health profile where you may use your influence to improve health and wellbeing

Health profile information Aspects in which I might use my influence


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The National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) provides guidance, sets quality standards and manages a national database to improve people’s health and prevent and treat ill health.

NICE makes recommendations to the NHS, local authorities and other organisations in the public, private, voluntary and community sectors on how to improve people’s health and prevent illness and disease.

What NICE guidance do you know of which makes health recommendations? http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=byType&type=2&status=3

Revision Quiz

NICE is the abbreviation for:

A. National Institute for Health Care Excellence

B. National Inventory of Clinical Experience

C. National Index for Care Excellence

D. National Identity of Care Establishments ANSWER ………………

Health inequalities in Britain have been shown:

A. West to East

B. North to South

C. North West to South East

D. South West to North East ANSWER ………………

In the dimensions of health model ‘Environmental Health’ refers to:

A. The conditions in which people live

B. The number of GP surgeries in a locality

C. The number of people living in one dwelling

D. The physical structures within a community ANSWER ………………

Which of the following is not a factor considered to lead to health inequalities?

A. Height

B. Social Class

C. Sex - gender

D. Income ANSWER ………………

In the dimensions of health model which two are the external dimensions affecting the health of an individual?

A. Physical & Mental Health

B. Emotional & Social Health

C. Spiritual & Sexual Health

D. Environmental & Societal ANSWER ………………

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2For more information please visit www.rsph.org.uk

Improving access to facilities and services is a way of:

A. Tackling health inequalities

B. Reducing accidents

C. Increasing resistance to infection

D. Making a profit for Leisure Centres ANSWER ………………

The Government White paper in 2004 introducing NHS Health Trainers was

A. Chasing Health

B. Going for Health

C. Choosing Health

D. Going Healthy ANSWER ………………

One reason why there may be inequalities in the outcome of treatment for cancer is:

A. People don’t think that cancer is important to their health

B. Symptoms are not recognised and acted on quickly

C. Services are not in place for treatment

D. Cancer only affects those living in certain parts of the country ANSWER ………………

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Criteria • Identify the communication skills that are effective in communicating health messages

• Identify barriers to communication that may affect the understanding of health messages and strategies for overcoming these

• State the role of effective communication in the promotion of health messages

Communication - Listening Skills Activity

Outcome 2

Yes/NoSelf Assessment

1. I like to multi-task and think about other things when people are talking

2. If people aren’t going to take my advice, they shouldn’t waste my time telling me their problems

3. I’m usually bored when the conversation doesn’t centre around my interests

4. When someone is slow to get a point across, I interrupt to get things moving

5. When people speak to me, they most often have to compete with a number of distractions

6. I tend to be involved in a lot of misunderstandings

7. A person’s appearance, grammar or style of speaking affect how much attention I give them

8. I have trouble keeping a confidence

9. I usually feel that making my case is more important than someone else’s feelings

10. When I don’t understand something, I will often fake it and smile instead of asking questions

11. I’m good at looking like I’m listening when I’m not. Most people don’t notice

12. I tend to talk when I should be listening

13. I trust my intuition and it serves me well

14. I can usually tell when people aren’t being honest with me

15. I am good at soothing conflict situations and finding win-win solutions

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A perfect score would be No to questions 1-12 and Yes to questions 13-15.

If you answered Yes for any number from 1-12, look at these as areas you might like to strengthen. As you place your attention on those areas and make small shifts, notice any subtle changes in your work or home relationships.

If you answered No to most of them and Yes to questions 13-15, you have some solid listening foundations. If your answers show areas that you wish to improve, not to worry. You have already begun the process by assessing where you are now and will continue to strengthen these skills as you place your attention on listening.

From: RULE#1: STOP TALKING! A guide to listening, Linda Eve Diamond, Listeners Press

Questions of Perception

Yes/NoDoes this ‘listener...’

1. often multi-task or seem distracted when you are talking?

2. become annoyed when you don’t take his/her advice?

3. seem bored when the conversation doesn’t centre around his/her interests

4. frequently interrupt?

5. allow interruptions or distractions (such as taking calls) when you wish he/she wouldn’t?

6. seem to be involved in a lot of misunderstandings (with you and/or others)?

7. seem to allow the speakers appearance, grammar, or style of speaking affect how much attention he/she will give a person?

8. show that he/she can be trusted to keep a confidence

9. bulldoze over other’s feelings to make a point

10. show genuine interest and ask questions when discussing issues that are complex or especially important to you?

11. ever seem to be pretending to listen?

12. seem impatient and quick to draw conclusions?

13. tend to talk when he/she should be listening?

A perfect score would be Yes to questions 8 and 10 and No to all the others.

Review all answers carefully and ask follow up questions. Compare answers with your own self assessment and consider areas that do not match. You might learn things about how others perceive you that are encouraging, and you might learn of areas you need to strengthen, or even that people notice more than you think you do.

Make notes on the feedback you receive and check back with the same people as you progress you listening journey.

From: RULE#1: STOP TALKING!- A guide to listening, Linda Eve Diamond, Listeners Press

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1

Communication Skills

Open Questions Definition

An open question can be defined as:

one that doesn’t lead the answer and encourages an expanded response. The content is determined by the respondent and may be long.

Open questions have the following characteristics:

• They ask the respondent to think and reflect

• They will give you opinions and feelings

• They hand control of the conversation to the respondent

Open questions usually start with:

• How

• What

• Where

• Why

• When

• Which

• Who

Closed Questions Definition

Two definitions commonly describe closed questions:

• One that can be answered with either a single word or a short phrase.

e.g. ‘How old are you?’ and ‘Where do you live?’ are closed questions.

• One that can limit the answer to either ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

Closed questions have the following characteristics:

• They give you facts

• They are easy to answer

• They are quick to answer

• They keep control of the conversation with the questioner

Closed questions usually start with:

• Is

• Do

• Did

Try changing these closed questions into open questions

Closed questions:

• Did that make you feel bad?

• Do you want to change your eating habits?

• Do you think smoking is good for you?

• Is your diet unhealthy?

Your open questions might be similar to:

• How did that make you feel?

• What would be the benefits of changing your eating habits?

• How does smoking affect your life at the moment?

• What do you think about your diet?

What different responses might you anticipate?

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Revision Quiz

Closed questions are useful because:

A. They give a long and full answer

B. They give control to the client

C. They keep the answer focussed

D. They enable the clients emotions to be understood ANSWER ………………

Open questions allow:

A. The questioner to keep control of the answer

B. The client to keep control of the answer

C. The questioner to only gain factual information

D. The client to only give factual information ANSWER ………………

Active listening involves all except:

A. Giving Attention

B. Encouraging

C. Reflecting feelings

D. Recording ANSWER ………………

Language barriers are not overcome by:

A. Repeating what has been said but louder

B. The use of a translator

C. Speaking clearly, slowly and not raising your voice

D. Repeating what you think may not have been understood ANSWER ………………

The major part of the communication message comes from:

A. What is actually said

B. Non verbal behaviour

C. The tone of what is said

D. The language used ANSWER ………………

When signposting to services it is important to do all except:

A. Give information about how to get there

B. Give information about opening times

C. Give your opinion about their service

D. Give the correct address ANSWER ………………

Brief advice refers to:

A. Taking someone through a Health Behaviour Change

B. Providing quick opportunistic advice regarding lifestyle

C. A scheduled appointment about a specific health change

D. Setting goals with individuals ANSWER ………………

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Outcome 3Criteria • Identify positive and negative influences on health and wellbeing

• Give an example of a strategy for the promotion of health and wellbeing

• Identify resources that can be used for promoting health and wellbeing

• State how individuals can promote health and wellbeing

Definitions of Health“Clarifying what you understand about health and what other people mean when they talk about

health, is an essential first step for the health promoter.” Naidoo J & Wills J 2006

Consider these statements about what health means:

“Health is the extent to which an individual or a group is able to realise aspirations and satisfy needs.’’

“Health is the extent to which an individual or a group is able to change or cope with the environment.”

“Health is a resource for everyday life, not an object of living’’

“Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources as well as capabilities.”

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For me, being healthy involves:

1. Enjoying being with my family and friends

2. Living to a ripe old age

3. Feeling happy most of the time

4. Being able to run when I need to without getting out of breath

5. Having a job

6. Being able to get down to making decisions

7. Hardly ever taking tablets or medicines

8. Being the ideal weight for my height

9. Taking part in lots of sport

10. Feeling at peace with myself

11. Never smoking

12. Having clear skin, bright eyes and shiny hair

13. Never suffering from anything more serious than a mild cold, flu or stomach upset

14. Not getting things confused or out of proportion – assessing situations realistically

15. Being able to adapt easily to changes in my life such as moving house or changing jobs

16. Feeling glad to be alive

17. Drinking only moderate amounts of alcohol or none at all

18. Enjoying my work without much stress or strain

19. Having all the parts of my body in good working condition

20. Getting on well with other people most of the time

21. Eating the ‘right’ foods

22. Enjoying some form of relaxation/recreations

23. Hardly ever going to the doctor

1 2 3

What does being healthy mean to you?

Complete the following exercise to help you consider which are the most important aspects of your own health.

In column 1 tick any statements that you think are important aspects of your own health.

In column 2 try to tick the SIX statements which are the MOST important aspects of being healthy to you.

In column 3 label your statements with H for holistic and M for medical.

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Resources and ServicesThere will be many resources to enhance your work with individuals.

If you don’t live in the area where you work it would be well worth taking a stroll one lunch time to find what is within walking distance of your workplace. In any case you may not be aware of all the services available locally, their addresses, contact numbers and times of opening.

Treasure hunt

Offline activity: Weight managementYour task is to research what resources are out there, as well as services in your local area and list them in the tables below

The resources I’ve found are:

The services available in my area are:

Leave your ‘castle’ and find out where and what is available locally for:

• Weight management • Smoking cessation • Alcohol management • Substance misuse

How far and how do you get to the local park, leisure centre and library?

What facilities do they offer?

Could you get there on foot, in a wheelchair, with a buggy or by public transport?

Might there be a charge for the services? Do they offer any concessions?

Resource type (article, website etc.) Resource name /URL

Service type Service name/address/phone number

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Offline activity: Smoking cessationYour task is to research what resources are out there, as well as services in your local area and list them in the tables below





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1

Offline activity: Alcohol managementYour task is to research what resources are out there, as well as services in your local area and list them in the tables below





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Offline activity: Substance mis-useYour task is to research what resources are out there, as well as services in your local area and list them in the tables below





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Sources of Information about HealthFind a health message and critique it using the check list below

There are very many sources for information about health in the public domain, from television, radio, newspaper articles as well as information we get from friends, family and healthcare professionals.

What is often more difficult to discern is whether or not these sources are reliable, and credible.

NHS Health Choices is a single point of reference giving you access to a range of health information. It is the Department of Health’s preferred reference point for health information.

The ‘Behind the Headlines’ section is particularly valuable in providing a review of news articles/health information, including the Department of Health conclusion.

If you are not familiar with it please take a look now.

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How to get there

Who to speak to

Services provided

Referrral process

Correct address

Times of opening

Days of week

2

NHS Health Choiceshttp://www.nhs.uk/Pages/HomePage.aspx

These hints may help you judge whether or not you wish to use a piece of health-related information.

✔ Question information and consider where it came from or who published it

✔ Look for information that has come from “official” sources – NHS Choices and NHS websites and leaflets are a good source of accurate information. Look for the NHS lozenge:

✔ Look for a date on the information, ensure that you have the most recent version. The world of health changes quickly so there’s no absolute guide to how long information stays valid, but anything over a year old should be checked to see if it’s still accurate

✔ Use your common sense but remember this is learnt from our family and surrounding community and may not always be right!

✘ Be cautious about activities and leaflets that have been produced or sponsored by a product manufacturer-they may be accurate but may not be impartial or give a balanced view.

✘ Be cautious about articles written by special interest groups or charities-again they may be accurate but may not represent the full picture

✘ Be cautious about newspaper articles and headlines- they may be accurate but their aim is to make news and you may not get the whole story!

- check them out at NHS Choices ‘Behind the headlines- fact or fiction?’

✘ Be cautious about lifestyle programmes on the television or radio- they may well be accurate but remember their aim is to entertain (rather than inform) so that they may not tell the full story.

✘ Be cautious about articles that only represent the experience of a few people- this tends to give ‘anecdotal’ evidence. A proper trial in will involve hundreds (or more) people – this will give the most complete and accurate idea of whether a health initiative is working.

✘ Be cautious about textbooks and self-help books. Again they may well be accurate but you need to have confidence in the author’s qualifications and whether their views follow evidence-based guidance. Always check books are up-to-date

Most importantly – if you are not sure of your information it’s always best to check and get back to your client later when you’ve had a chance to find out or refer to someone qualified in the subject area.

Revision Quiz

Q1. Some Chronic diseases can be reduced by eating:

A. 5 apples a day

B. 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a week

C. 5 varied portions of fruit and vegetables a day

D. 5 different forms of potato a day

ANSWER ………………

Q2. A definition of health stressing the absence of disease or illness is most consistent with:

A. A holistic model of health

B. A patient centred model of health

C. The Western Scientific Medical model of health

D. The positive model of health


Q3. Key Government messages about smoking include all except:

A. Don’t start smoking

B. Give up smoking as soon as you are able

C. Don’t smoke in doors or around others

D. Smoke early in the morning to clear your lungs


Q4. The proportion of people doing physical activity starts to decline after the age of:

A. 15

B. 25

C. 35

D. 45


continued over…


1

Q5. Government recommendations for physical activity include:

A. 30 mins moderate activity at least 5 days per week

B. 30 mins high level activity 3 days a week

C. 30 mins light activity 5 times a day

D. 30mins high level activity every day


Q6. Confidential details given to you by a client must:

A. Not be shared with any other person without consent

B. Kept secure and only be accessible by authorised persons

C. Be given only to other people present at an interview

D. Provided to those with an interest in seeing them


Q7. One way to improve our diet is to:

A. Reduce the amount of sugar

B. Stop taking sugar

C. Double the amount of sugar

D. Only use refined sugar


Q8. The Data Protection Act 1998 governs the processing of information that identifies:

A. Deceased individuals

B. Living individuals

C. Shop workers

D. Those registered with GP/Health services


Q9. The Data Protection Act applies to:

A. Paper records only

B Computer records only

C. Personal health records only

D. All forms of media


Q10. An Educational approach to promoting health is concerned with:

A. Helping people make informed choices

B. Indoctrination using selected information

C. Changing habits by force

D. Giving people health plans


Q11. The Behavioural Change approach to health is mainly focussed on:

A. Large scale community change

B. Individual behavioural change

C. Group activity change

D. Child behaviour change


Q12. The process for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of a programme is called:

A. The audit cycle

B. The mono cycle

C. The audio cycle

D. The power cycle


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Outcome 3Criteria • Give an example of behaviour change that can improve an individual’s health and wellbeing

• Outline how individuals can be encouraged to change their behaviour

• Identify positive and negative influences on behaviour change

Alcohol QuestionsWhat is the consumption of alcohol in Britain like?What do people like about alcohol? Why should we be concerned?What are the associated socio-economic issues?

White wine 750millilitres 11%= 8.25 units

Red wine 750millilitres 14%= 10.5 units

Lager 330millilitres 5%= 1.65 units

Beer 500millilitres 5%= 2.5 units

Common alcohol units

White wine 750millilitres 11%

Red wine 750millilitres 14% Lager 330

millilitres 5%

Beer 500millilitres 5%

Calculate the units for these

568 x 41000

= 2.3 units

http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/alcohol/Pages/Alcoholhome.aspxAre you drinking too much - self assessmenthttp://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Pages/Alcoholcalculator.aspx

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Alcohol – UnitsHow is a unit of alcohol calculated?

The number of units of alcohol in a drink is calculated by multiplying the volume of the drink (in millilitres) by its

percentage Alcohol by Volume (ABV) and dividing by 1000. Thus, one pint (568ml) of beer at 4% ABV contains:

Physical Activity

Adults are recommended to undertake 30mins of physical exercise at least five days a week. How long do you spend each day?

Walking e.g. to work, at work, the dog, for leisure ……………… mins

Housework e.g. ironing, cleaning, vacuuming ……………… mins

Exercising e.g. the gym, dancing, running, jogging, yoga ……………… mins

Total ……………… mins

Does it add up to 30 mins - if so well done, this shows how easy it is to achieve. Tell everyone else to note down what they do, they will be surprised it is not as difficult as they thought.

Nutrition

Write in the text areas what you usually have for dinner

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Fruit & Vegetables Bread, Rice, Potatoes, Pasta

Milk and Dairy FoodsMeat, Fish, Eggs, Beans

Food and Drinks High in Fat or Sugar


Smoking

Q1. What percentage of adults in the UK are regular smokers?

A. 2%

B. 10% C. 21%

D. 33%

E. 45%


Q2. In which age group are the highest numbers of pregnant female smokers?

A. 16 – 24

B. 25 - 34

C. 35 - 44


Q3. How many chemicals are there in tobacco smoke?

A. 400

B. 40

C. 4,000


Q4. What is the average daily cigarette consumption of a UK male smoker?

A. 15

B. 20

C. 26


Q5. What % of smokers in the UK want to quit?

A. 32%

B 52%

C. 68%


Q6. What % of inhaled tar is retained in the lungs?

A. 20%

B. 50%

C. 70%


Q7. Smoking among the lower socio-economic groups has what in the past 20 years?

A. declined

B. stayed the same

C. increased


Q8. List some of the pharmacological effects that nicotine has on the body:

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

Q9. The risk of lung cancer falls to about half of that found in a smoker within how long?

A. 5 years of quitting

B. 10 years of quitting

C. 20 years of quitting


Q10. Carbon monoxide is eliminated from the body and lungs start to clear out mucous and other debris after how long?

A. 24 hours

B. 1 week

C. 1 month


Barriers to making changeWhich of the following icons represent barriers for people in making changes in their lifestyle in your area?

Think about what you could do to help in overcoming these barriers

Note down your ideas:

ConfidentialityThe Information Commissioner’s Office produces a range of excellent resources including a humorous DVD ‘The Lights are On’.

This training DVD helps answer questions about the Data Protection Act, its impact on the working environment and how to handle and protect people’s information.

These are available free.

Follow the link below to watch the video online (23 minutes).

Pay particular attention to the scene where Mr Hedley Checks in at the Hotel. Can the receptionist ask him his shoe size or sexual orientation? What principle governs the information you ask and collect?

http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/media_centre.aspx

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Smoking

Q11. List 3 diseases caused by smoking

1)_________________________________________

2)_________________________________________

3)_________________________________________

Q12. List 3 risks associated with smoking in pregnancy

1)_________________________________________

2)_________________________________________

3)_________________________________________

Q13. How many people die each year from smoking related diseases in the UK?

A. 850 people

B. 80,000 people

C. 8500 people


Q14. List 3 major problems associated with second-hand smoke.

1)_________________________________________

2)_________________________________________

3)_________________________________________

Data Protection Act After watching try answering the quiz below:


Q.1 Only records held on computer are covered by the Data Protection Act

Q.2 The Data Protection Act only covers really private personal information and not name or address

Q.3 I can disclose personal information to the police without telling the individual concerned, provided I am satisfied that it help with crime prevention and detection

Q.4 You always need consent before doing anything with personal information

Q.5 If I make a request for my personal information it has to be provided within 40 days

Q.6 If asked I must pay a £10 fee to get a copy of my personal information

Q.7 Once someone is your customer you can automatically make follow up marketing calls to them

Q 8. A customer writes for a copy of all the information you hold on him, after checking their identity you supply this

Q.9 A security procedure should be written and implemented detailing what levels of protection needed for different records you hold

Q.10 Waste print out should be disposed of in the paper collection bin

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True False

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Revision Quiz

Q1. According to behaviour change theory, values are acquired through:

A. Physical activity

B. Information

C. Social interaction

D. Education


Q2. People may be more likely engage in a behaviour if:

A. Others take part

B. Others think it’s a waste of time

C. Others do nothing

D. Others laugh at it


Q3. SMART principles are often used when helping people to:

A. Choose what they want to eat for dinner

B. Change their habits and behaviour

C. Develop a course folder

D. Look good


Q4. The role of the someone supporting goal setting is to:

A. Set a goal for the client

B. Tell the client what they shouldn’t do

C. Help the client set a goal

D. Prepare a plan


Q5. If the client has not achieved their goal, you should:

A. Help them set a more difficult goal

B. Wait until they want to try again

C. Encourage them to learn from any problems or set-backs

D. Suggest they give up this time


Q6. Progress towards a behaviour change is usually:

A. Easy

B. Impossible

C. Up and down

D. Effortless


Documents

e-learning workbook - National Fire Chiefs · 1 Q.1 Life expectancy for men in Wigan is higher than the average for life expectancy for men in England True False Equal Q.2 Life expectancy