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歐陽品教授 11/25/2015
Lower Limb 1 : Femur and Superficial structures Margin of the lower limb
Regions of the lower limb
Functions of the lower limb
1. Support the body weight2. locomotion
Bones and joints of the lower limb
Nerves of the lower limb
Arteries of the lower limb
Femur: : the longest bone in the body, being a quarter of the length of an individual
1. proximal end: inclination angle of 125o
headneckintertrochanteric line : attachment of iliofemoral ligamentlesser trochanter : attachment of iliopsoas m.greater trochanter : 10 cm below the tubercle on the iliac crest
insertion of five muscles : gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli
quadrate tubercle: insertion of quadratus femoris m.trochanteric fossa: insertion of obturator externus m.gluteal tuberosity: insertion of gluteus maximus m.
2. bodylinea aspera
3. distal endmedial and lateral condylesintercondylar fossaepicondyle : attachment of medialand lateral ligaments of knee joint
patellar surfaceadductor tubercle
Femoral fractures
Fascia compartments of thigh and leg : caused by intermuscular septa of the fascia lata
Superficial structures of lower limb
1. superficial fascia2. deep fascia (fascial lata)
iliotibial tract : conjoint aponeurosis of tensor of the fasciae latae m. and gluteus maximus m., extending from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle
3. superficial veinsgreat saphenous vein : join femoral vein 4 cm inferolateral to the pubic tubercle,
anastomose with small saphenous vein inferior to the knee, receive superficial veins, e.g. external pudendal v, superficial epigastricl v. and superficial circumflex iliac v.
small saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein and musculovenous pump
4. lymph node: efferent vessels converge to external iliac nodesa. inguinal nodes
i. superficial superior horizontal groupii. superficial inferior vertical group lymph vessels
accompanying great saphenous vainiii. deep node : within femoral canal
b. knee (popliteal) node lymph vessels accompanyingsmall saphenous vein
5. cutaneous nerve : vertral rami of L 1, 2, 3, 4lateral and posterior cutaneous n. of thighanterior cutaneous br. of femoral n.saphenous nerve. (br. of femoral nerve)sural n. (br. of tibial n.)lateral sural cutaneous n. (br. of common fibular n.)innervation for skin inferior to inguinal ligament: ilioinguinal n, femoral br. of
genitofemoral n. and obturator n.
6. saphenous opening : oval shape hitus in the fascia lata through which the great saphenous v. passes to join the femoral v., which lies within the femoral sheath
Falciform margin
Femoral triangle : apex 10 cm below inguinal ligament1. borders
inguinal ligamentsartorius m.adductor longus m.
2. floor : a trough with sloping medial and lateral wallsmedial wall: pectinus and adductor longus m.lateral wall: iliopsoas and sartorius m. (innervated by femoral n. )
3. ContentsFemoral n. and its br.femoral sheath : prolongation of the extraperitoneal areolar
tissue that envelops the external iliac vessels in the abdomen, contains;
a. femoral artery (lateral compartment)b. femoral vein (intermediate compartment)c. femoral canal (medial compartment); occupied by deep node
femoral ring: boundaries are femoral vein (lateral), pectineus m. (posterior), lacunar ligament (medial) and inguinal ligament (anterior) femoral hernia
Femoral hernia