Dutch Language - word order

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Questions and Question Words

Posted on 27. Jan, 2011 by heatherin Dutch Grammar, Dutch Language, Dutch Vocabulary

Image Credit: immrchris

In Dutch there is a distinction between yes/no questions and questions beginning with a question word (alsoknown as interrogative). Both situations require that you invert (reverse position) the subject and the verb.

This is because Dutch is a verb second (V2) language. Meaning that, in the main clause, the verb is found in

the second position.

For example:Ik ga naar de bioscoop.(I go to the cinema)

Questions Beginning with a Question Word

When you form a question with a question word (who, what, when, where, etc) the question word comesfirst, followed by the conjugated verb and the subject takes the third position.

Wat wil je vanavond doen?(What would you like to do tonight?) Waar woont u?(Where do you live?)

The inversion is required because the question word takes up the first place and the verb needs to be in thesecond place.

There are of course exceptions to the verb second rule and yes/no questions are one of these exceptions.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/no questions are questions that can be answered with a yes or no. To form them, the conjugated verb

takes the first position and is then followed by the subject.


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Heeft u een hond?(Do you have a dog?)

Ga je mee naar de dierentuin.(Are you going to the zoo with me/us?)

The subject and verb are inverted to create the yes/no question form. The verb does not end up in the second

position because yes/no questions are an exception to the verb second rule.

In both question forms it is important to remember to conjugate the verb to match the subject form.

Spelen jullie morgen?(Are you (plural) playing tomorrow?)

However, dont forget that whenjijorjefollows the verb, the -tending is dropped.

Werk je in een restaurant?(Do you work in a restaurant?)

Question Words Vocabulary

hoe howhoeveel how much/many

waar wherewaarvandaan where from

wat whatwelk/welke which (welk is for het-words, welke is for de-words)wat voor what kind of

wie whowanneer whenwaarom why

Answers from Tuesdays Post

het toilet

het papierhet toiletpapierde koffie

de melkde koffiemelk

het poederde suikerde poedersuiker

de aardappelde salade

de aardappelsalade

de chocoladede vla

de chocoladevla

Practice for Questions and Question Words

Enter the correct question word.

1. _______ is je beste vriendin?2. _______ wil je eten?

3. _______ kleur zoekt u?

Put the questions in the correct word order and conjugate the italicized word.

4. de trein vertrekken naar Rotterdam hoe laat

5. bus rijden welke het centrum naar6. kosten naar Den Haag een enkele reis wat


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Again, Ill post the answers in a later post.

Tags: inversion, question words, questions

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Dutch Language Blog


Word Order? What Word Order?

Posted on 01. Feb, 2011 by heatherin Dutch Grammar, Dutch Language, Dutch Vocabulary

Image Credit: iamwahid

Word order in Dutch is one of the grammar topics that many non-native Dutch speakers notice a difference

with. I know it is something that trips me up quite often, especially when I am making longer sentences.

Word order isnt something that I can cover in one post, so do watch out for further posts. Not to mention, if

you know a trick, tip or better way of explaining something, do jump in. Sometimes hearing the same thing inanother way can make all the difference. So lets start out simple with word order in main clauses.

In a main clause (hoofdzin) the conjugated verb takes the second position. The other sentence parts (place,

objects, adverbs of time, etc) come after the verb.

Jan werkt op vrijdag in de tuin.

There are of course exceptions, the main three are:

1. When the subject is not the first part of the sentence, the verb stays in the second position and the subjectmoves to the third.

Vandaag werkt Jan hard.

2.When the sentence is a yes/no question, the verb moves to the first position.

Werkt Jan morgen hard?

3.When the sentence is in the command form, it begins with the verb.

Kom vanavond naar de bioscoop!


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Learn this chant: time, manner, place

Where the other sentence parts go in the clause isnt just randomly picked. They typically follow the order:time, manner, place.

Jan werkt op vrijdag hard in de tuin.

The Tongs Construction

When a main clause contains more than one verb (auxiliary, main verb, modal, etc) the helping verb is

conjugated to match the subject and is placed in the second position. The other verb(s), usually in theinfinitive or past participle form, move to the end of the clause. The rest of the clause is squeezed between the

two verb parts.

Jan kan met de trein naar zijn werk gaan.

Jan is vandaag met de trein naar zijn werk gegaan.

Practice:Because we havent covered everything about word order, for example subordinated clauses andconjunctions, I dont recommend that you go out dissecting every Dutch sentence you see. Instead, try

looking for sentences that do follow what we have covered above. In particular, scope out sentences that haveword order in the time, manner, place structure.

Answers from Thursdays Post

1. Wie is je beste vriendin?2. Wat wil je eten?3. Welke/Wat voor kleur zoekt u?

4. Hoe laat vertrekt de trein naar Rotterdam?5. Welke bus rijdt naar het centrum?

6. Wat kost een enkele reis naar Den Haag?

Tags: hoofdzin, main clause, word order

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8 Responses to Word Order? What Word Order?

1.

Albert Theriaullt3 July 2013 at 1:21 pm #

Jauw hblog is heel interesant. Het heriner mij van de tal daat Ik heb vergeten. In 1961,Ik was eenAmericansa fulbrght leraar in Amsterdam.

2.

tiffany3 July 2013 at 2:34 pm #

Goed zo! Mooi om te horen Alleen een paar dingen Jouwblog is heel interessant.Het deed medenken aande taal dieik wasvergeten. Maar na 52 jaar! Ik ben echt onder de indruk!

3.

Lee21 May 2014 at 8:52 pm #

Is there a Talk Radio radio staion in Holland I can listen to to learn ordinary speech? Kissen meinerballsen

4.

Sten22 May 2014 at 7:10 pm #

Yes! Radio 1 is pretty good. Also, 3FM has some talk shows, that are a bit more in everyday language.

Radio 1 and Radio 2 are more the news channels, but they have a lot of guests, shows etc. A lot oflistening practice! 100% NL is one that tries to play as much Dutch music as possible so if you fancy

a song to listen to in Dutch! Have fun and good luck!

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Dutch Language Blog


Word Order in Main Clauses Continued


Last week I wrote about word order in main clauses. As a quick review, the key points I mentioned were:

that the main verb goes in the second position

except when the subject is not the first part of the sentence, when making a yes/no question or when thesentence is in the command form

the other sentence parts follow the time, manner, place order when there is more than one verb, you should use the tongs construction

Sticking with main clauses, there are two further points we need to cover.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions link clauses together. Four conjunctions that link a main clause with another main clause are:

en= and maar= but want= because

of = or

These conjunctions are important to remember because the main clauses that they link should follow theword order rules for main clauses that we have already covered. An example:

Jan werkt vandaag in de tuin enhij gaat morgen naar de markt. (Jan is working in the garden today, and he

is going to the market tomorrow.)

Placement of Direct and Indirect Objects

In sentences with transitive verbs (verbs that can have a direct object), the indirect object (the one to whomsomething happens) is placed before the direct object (a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb or

shows the result of the action).

Erik geeft Sanne een bos bloemen.(Erik gives Sanne a bunch of flowers.)

Sanne= indirect object

een bos bloemen= direct object

If a pronoun was exchanged for Sanne, the word order would remain the same.

Erik geeft haar een bos bloemen.


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Dutch Language Blog


Word Order in Subordinated Clauses


Having covered word order in main clauses (hereand here), it is time to move onto the word order insubordinated clauses.

In a subordinated clause, known in Dutch as a bijzin, the conjugated verb moves to the end of the clause.

Heather blijft thuis omdat ze ziek is.(Heather stays home because she is sick.)

Heather blijft thuis= hoofdzin

omdat ze ziek is= bijzin

There are many conjunctions that begin a subordinated clause. Some examples are:

omdat because toen when terwijl while

sinds since

Marco voelt zich veel fitter sindshij niet meer rookt.(Marco feels much fitter since he stopped smoking.)

When the order of the hoofdzinand the bijzinare reversed, the main clause (which now begins with a verbbecause the bijzinhas taken the first place) is separated from the subordinated clause with a comma:

Omdat ze ziek is, blijft Heather thuis.(Because she is sick, Heather stays home.)

How it all works:

1. Omdat ze ziek is = the bijzin(you have a clue with the conjunction omdat).

2. Since it is a bijzin, the conjugated verb goes at the end of the clause.

3. Because the bijzinis in the first place of the sentence you must invert the subject and the verb of the mainclause. So instead of Omdat ze ziek is, Heather blijft thuisit becomes Omdat ze ziek is, blijft Heather thuis.

4. You put a comma in-between the two verbs.

Hints to sound more like a native speaker:


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1. In a bijzinin the present perfect tense, the auxiliary verb hebben or zijn can go on either side of the past

participle. However, it is more common to put the conjugated auxiliary verb before the past participle.

Heather is blij omdat zij hard heeft gestudeerd.(Heather is happy because she has studied hard.)

2. In a bijzinwith modal auxiliary verbs, it is preferred to put the conjugated verb before the infinitive.

Ik ben verdrietig omdat ik nu moet gaan.(I am sad because I must go now.)

Answers from Tuesdays Post:

1. Johan gaat vandaag met Jan naar de bioscoop.

2. Sanne heeft zin om een kop tee te drinken.

3. Jaap moet om twaalf uur bij de kapper zijn.

Practice:

Connect the two sentences with the conjunction provided.

1. Karin en Denny waren in Parijs. Ze gingen naar het Louvre (toen).

2. Ze aten veel croissants. Ze dronken de beste cafe au lait (en).

3. Karin maakte fotos. Denny praatte met een andere Nederlandse toerist (terwijl).

Tags:bijzin, subordinated clause, word order

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1.

Donna19 February 2011 at 3:10 am #

Lovely lesson! thank you for taking the time to share your knowledge of this wonderful language!

Toen mijn heer en ik in Amsterdam waren, gingen wij naar het Oesterpark.

2.

heather22 February 2011 at 5:22 pm #

Hi Donna,

Thank you for the feedback. I am glad you found the post interesting. Hoe was het in Oosterpark samen

met jouw man? (I think you meant Oosterpark and husband is usually written as man rather than heer)

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Dutch Language Blog


Word Order in Indirect Speech


Phew, we made it! Four weeks of looking at word order in Dutch. We have stumbled through main clauses,sub-clauses and now lastly we are coming up to indirect speech. By no means have we covered it all but

hopefully you have learned some tips and understood some of the rules that have helped in knowing whichword part goes where. So lets get to it, word order in indirect speech.

What is Indirect Speech?Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, refers to a sentence that reports what someone else has said.

Spotting Them in Dutch

An indirect statement, typically, begins with the conjunction dat. Indirect questions can begin with aquestion word or for yes/no questions, with of.

Indirect statements are often introduced with verbs like:

Zeggen(say) Menen/denken(think)

Beweren(maintain)

For example: Jaap zegt dat hij in Parijs woont.(Jaap says that he lives in Paris.)Indirect questions often begin with words like:

Hij/zij vraagt(he/she asks) Ik wil weten(I want to know)

Kun je me vertellen(can you tell me)

What Happens With the Word Order?

1. Sentences in indirect speech are subordinated sentences, so the verb moves to the end.

Hij zegt dat hij Parijs leuk vindt.(He says that he likes Paris.)

2. In sentences that contain a modal or other auxiliary verb, this verb can be placed before or after the main

verb (but before is more common).

Hij zegt dat hij een nieuwe baan wil vinden/vinden wil.(He says that he wants to find a new job.)

3. In sentences with more than one infinitive, the finite verb goes before the infinitives.

Marloes zegt dat zij minder frietjes zou moeten eten.(Marloes says she should eat less fries.)


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4. Dont forget that when you make an indirect statement, you are most likely going to have to change the

pronouns.

Mama: Heeft ze het leuk?(Is she having a good time?)

Alex: Mama vraagt of je het leuk hebt.(Mum asks if youre having a good time.)

Answers from Tuesdays Post:1. Karin en Denny waren in Parijs toen ze naar het Louvre gingen.

2. Ze aten veel croissants en ze dronken de beste cafe au lait.3. Karin maakte fotos terwijl Denny met een andere Nederlandse toerist praatte.

Practice:Put the sentences into indirect speech.

1. Marian: Het weer is bijna altijd goed.

Hans: Zij zegt ___________.

2. Marian: Lopen jullie twee keer per dag met de hond?

Hans: Zij vraagt __________.

3. Marian: Hoe gaat het thuis?Hans: Zij vraagt __________.

Tags: indirect speech, word order

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Dutch Language Blog


Dutch Verb Boot Camp

Posted on 05. Apr, 2012 by heatherin Dutch Grammar, Dutch Language

Lets start a Dutch verb boot camp, shall we? Verbs are such an important part of most languages, includingDutch, that it makes sense for us to take a closer look at them. Today we will make a quick overview of

Dutch verb tenses and a couple of other important components but before we do, make sure you familiariseyourself with the Dutch spelling rules (hereand here) and the information onpersonal pronouns.

In order to fully conjugate a Dutch verb, you must know its three principal parts: infinitive, past and pastparticiple. We will talk about the past and the past participle in later posts but here is some information aboutthe infinitive.

The Infinitive The starting point for the conjugation of a verb is the present infinitive active. This isthe form you find in dictionaries. The majority of Dutch infinitives end in en (e.g. kijken). A few

verbs end in n (e.g. gaan).

The stem of the infinitive is also an important element. To find the infinitive stem, take off the enornending (e.g. bouwen-> bouw). Remember that you will need to apply the spelling rules to the stem (e.g.

dragen-> draag).

Strong and Weak Verbs

Another thing you will need to keep in mind during our boot camp is the difference between strong and weak

verbs. Dutch verbs can be divided into regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs follow a certain pattern inthe way they are conjugated, and irregular verbs do not follow a pattern.

There are more regular verbs than irregular verbs (luckily!), and the group of regular verbs can be dividedfurther into weak verbs and strong verbs.

Weak verbs are the most regular type of verb. All the rules for forming the present, perfect and imperfect

tenses apply. Strong verbs on the other hand are also regular, but their regularity works slightly differently.The good news is there are some patterns to how strong verbs work that can help make learning them a bit

easier.

The Dutch verb is conjugated according to the following:

Mood:Indicative, Conditional, Imperative

Voice:Active, Passive Tense:Present, Past, Future, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect

If your eyes have started to glaze over with visions of grammar classes back when you were in high school,dont worry. We will take the tenses slowly and one at a time.


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Tags: dutch, infinitive, stem, strong verb, verb tenses, verbs, weak verb

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4 Responses to Dutch Verb Boot Camp

1.

honeybee6 April 2012 at 5:36 am #

Looking forward to this. Thanks, Heather!

2.

Margaret8 April 2012 at 9:50 pm #

This will help a lot Heather even if it is hard it is necessary.

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Dutch Language Blog


Dutch Verb Boot Camp: The Present Tense

Posted on 03. May, 2012 by heatherin Dutch Grammar, Dutch Language, Dutch Vocabulary

Today we will take a look at the present tense in Dutch. The good news is that to form the present tense inDutch, you just apply the appropriate ending to the stem of the verb. Dont remember how to find the stem?

Have a look at our introduction post on Dutch verbs.

But which endings?I hear you ask. These ones:

the first person singular has no ending the second and third person singular add t and the plural forms add en

Still with me? Good. Lets see an example, shall we?

kijken = to view, look (at)

stem = kijk

ik kijk wij kijken

jij kijkt jullie kijken

u kijkt u kijkt

hij, zij, het kijkt zijkijken

Notes:

The polite form utakes a singular ending even in the plural form. Technically you can use enor tfor the second person plural (e.g.jullie kijktorjullie kijken) but the

enending tends to be used more often. If a verbs infinitive form ends in nrather than en, use only nwhen conjugated in the plural (staan

>sta(stem) > ik sta> wij staan). Hopefully you also noticed that when we remove the nto find

the stem, we also get rid of one of the double as. Have a look at the spelling rules part oneandparttwo, if you need a refresher as to why.

You may also need to adjust the spelling in other words (see pratenbelow), again see the spelling rulesif you need a refresher.

You do not add the tending onto the 2ndor 3rdperson singular because the stem ends in a talready.

In Dutch, words to not end with double consonants.


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5 Responses to Dutch Verb Boot Camp: The Present Tense

1.

rr4 May 2012 at 5:40 pm #

thank you so much for doing all this! awesome!!!!!!!!!!

2.

heather5 May 2012 at 5:36 pm #

Geen dank! Your welcome!

3.

Dimitris Psarrakis11 July 2012 at 10:40 pm #

Dank je wel Heather! Mooi!

4.

Ann McCloskey10 February 2014 at 5:03 pm #

I love those reminders of how to add emphasis when using present tense: Ik ben aan t Nederlandsstuderen, ofIk zit nu thuis te studeren.

Im working to reclaim Dutch, having spoken it over 40 years ago during a year in Nederland. Thisblog is helping me!

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Language and Culture of the Dutch-Speaking World


Dutch Language Blog


Archive for 'Dutch Grammar'

5W Questions

Posted on 25. Aug, 2014 by Karoly G Molinain Dutch Grammar

Asking a question is an important part of communicating. Questions are the means to how we get moreinformation and help us understand our surroundings. This is why learning how to phrase questions in our

target language is very important. We can ask for directions, for clarification, for explanation and for reasons.

In the U.S., students learn about the 5W and 1H questions, particularly in English class. These questions areespecially useful to assess reading comprehension, and transcend to our daily lives. It is fair to consider these

questions an assessment of life comprehension.

The 5W and 1H questions in English are Who, What, When, Where, Why and How. I am unfamiliar if in the

Netherlands students are taught these questions in a similar manner; they certainly could be called the sameway.

Wie Who

Wat What

Wanneer When

Waar Where

Waarom Why

Hoe How

In Dutch, just like in English, these question words go at the beginning of the sentence and allow thereader/listener to understand that you will be asking a question. After the vraagwoord, you add theconjugated verb orpersoonvorm, then thesubject,and, if needed, the rest of the question.

Vraagwoord + persoonvorm + subject + rest

Wie heeft mijn jas?

Wat is jou telefonnummer?


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Wanneer is het muziekfestival?

Waar ga je voor vakanzie?

Waarom ben je boos?

Hoe gaat het met jou?

Other vraagwoordenare hoeveel which is the equivalent of how many and welk(for het words) or welke(for dewords) which means which or which one.

For practice, read the following text about Rembrandt and think back on your primary school days. Askyourself the 5W and 1H questions. You will not only put into practice your question structure, but you will

also check if you truly comprehended the text or if you need to read it once more.

Rembrandt van Rijn werd in 1606 of 1607 in Leiden geboren als zoon van een Molenaar. Hij stierf in 1669 inAmsterdam. Hij wordt algemeen gezien als een van de belangrijkste schilders van de Gouden Eeuw, een zeer

belangrijke periode in de Nederlandse geschiedenis waarin het land een ongekende economische en culturelegroei doormaakte. Er is maar weinig over zijn leven bekend, maar we weten dat hij door zijn ouders op 14-

jarige leeftijd in de leer is gedaan bij de Leidse schilder Jacob van Swanenburgh en later nog een korte tijdbij de Amsterdamse schilder Pieter Lastman.

(Text taken from the Dutch Proficiency Testby Transparent Language)

Sample questions:

Wie is Rembrandt?

Wat is de Gouden Eeuw?

Wanneer stierf Rembrandt?

Waar is Rembrandt geboren?

Waarom was de Gouden Eeuw een belangrijke periode?

Hoe leerde Rembrandt schilderen?

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Inversie Inversion in Dutch

Posted on 20. Aug, 2014 by Stenin Dutch Grammar, Dutch Language

Inversie is used frequently in the Dutch language, and in many situations. What is inversie? Inversie, orinversion in English, means that you switch the verb and the subject in a sentence. For example: hij geefthemeen appelbecomes hemgeeft hijeen appel, or hij kanheel goedpraten met mijbecomespraten kan hij heel

goed met mij. Even though this may be tough, it is very important to learn!


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In a question -jij gaat naar school ga jijnaar school?

So as you can see, there are many situations, and you just have to get used to these. But as you can see, it isjust switching up a small part of the sentence that causes inversion. The rest of the sentence just stays as it is!

This is a tough one to get, but it is very important. It determines the flow of your sentences, and how well youare understood. Forgetting inversion is very audible!

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The Best of Transparent Dutch: Grammar

Posted on 29. Jun, 2013 by tiffanyin Dutch Grammar

shutterhacks / Flickr Creative Commons

Dutch grammar can be difficult to master, but over the years, the Transparent Language Dutch blog has

collected a number of excellent posts that make the task of learning Dutch grammar not only a snap, but aheck of a lot of fun too.

Heres a master list of our top grammar posts thatll have you spouting out Dutch like a pro!


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Word Order? What Word Order?

Word order is probably the number one thing learners of the Dutch language struggle with. This post goesover the word order for main clauses (hoofdzin, in Dutch) as well as exceptions to the general rule for

structuring main clauses. Youll have the ability to practice what youve learned in the exercises at the end ofthe post.

Word Order in Main Clauses Continued

This post dives even further into the world of word order in main clauses. It is best if you read the above post

first, but there is a recap at the beginning of this post. The rest of the post deals with conjunctions and theplacement of direct and indirect objects. Some more practice rounds out this post as well.

Word Order in Subordinated ClausesSo now that weve got word order in main clauses down, its time to move on to word order in subordinated

clauses (the Dutch call this the bijzin). See how the hoofdzin and bijzin fit together through the breakingdown of various examples. Tricks to sounding like a native speaker, answers to the questions from Word

Order in Main Clauses Continues, and a round of practice questions are also included.

Word Order in Indirect SpeechFirst, we take a look at just what indirect speech is before launching into hints for finding indirect speech in

the Dutch language and what it does to the word order of a sentence. Youll get the answers to the practicefrom Word Order in Subordinated Clauses as well as additional exercises to ingrain what you just learned

into your brain.

Need extra Dutch grammar guidance from Transparent Language? Weve got you covered.

For more Dutch language posts, just click on Dutch Archives & Categories at the bottom of the right-hand

sidebar. Youll find the last thirty posts to the blog as well as blog categories (Culture, Dutch Grammar,Dutch Language, Dutch Vocabulary, Literature, News, Travel, and Uncategorized) and our monthly archives.

If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments below. Who knows, you might inspire a future

post

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