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Department of Toxic Substances Control Cal/EPA
DTSC’s Perspective on PFASs in Carpets, Rugs, Indoor Upholstered Furniture, and Their Care and Treatment Products
André Algazi, Lead
Chemical and Product Evaluation Team
Safer Consumer Products framework
As designated by 23 authoritative bodies
Product-Chemical combinations that may cause harm
Manufacturer evaluation of alternatives
DTSC considers range of possible responses
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Scope of this workshop
Polyfluoroalkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Over 3000 man-made chemicals
Used since the 50’s, e.g. to make products non-stick, waterproof, soil/stain/oil-resistant
At least one carbon fully fluorinated (i.e. no more C-H bonds)
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δ+C ___ F
δ-
One of the strongest bonds in chemistry, leads to environmental persistence
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OECD (2016); http://www.oecd.org/test-pfc/pfass/
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
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All PFASs are SCP Candidate Chemicals
The class is on Biomonitoring California’s Priority Chemicals list
Priority Product selection principles
• Potential exposure to the Candidate Chemicals in the product
AND
• Potential for exposures to contribute to or cause significant or widespread adverse impacts
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2015 – 2017 Priority Product Work Plan
Identifies five policy priorities:• Clear exposure pathways to Candidate Chemicals
• Chemicals detected in biomonitoring studies
• Chemicals observed in indoor air and dust
• May impact children or workers
• May adversely impact aquatic resources, or observed through water quality monitoring
Identifies seven product categories
Lists example chemicals 7
Clothing
Beauty, Personal Care, and Hygiene Products
PFASs are in all the 2015-2017 Work Plan product categories
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Building Products
Cleaning Products
Fishing and Angling Equipment
Office Machinery (Consumable Products)
Household/ Office Furniture & Furnishings
Scope of this workshop
Carpets and rugs
Indoor upholstered furniture (residential, business and institutional)
Carpet and upholstery care and treatment products
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Products most Californians interact with
1010
Floor Covering Weekly (July 22, 2013)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Laminate Hardwood CeramicFloor & Wall
Tile
Stone Vinyl Sheet &Floor Tile
OtherResilient
Carpet &Area Rug
Floor Covering Market Share (2012)
1111
Significant proportion of PFAS production used in carpets and other textiles
Sectors of interest
Carpets and rugs
• NAICS1 314110 (carpet and rug mills) and 325220 (carpet fibers)
Indoor upholstered type furniture
• NAICS 337121 (household) and 337127 (institutional)
Carpet and upholstery care and treatment products
• NAICS 325600 (stain removers and surface care/protection)
121 North American Industry Classification System
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Exposure concerns
Ubiquity in the environment
Environmental persistence
Bioaccumulation
Long or non-negligible elimination half-lives
Presence in nearly all humans tested
Multiple routes for PFAS exposure
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PFASs may have potential adverse impacts
Aquatic toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity
Endocrine disruption
Immunotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Developmental toxicity
Cancer (testicular and kidney)
Organ toxicity
The PFAS market is changing
Reduced emissions of PFOA, its precursors, and related longer-chain PFASs
Shift from longer-chain PFASs to shorter-chains, fluorinated ethers, branched and cyclic compounds (“novel” PFASs)
Some PFAS-free products available
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Shorter half-lives in humans
Faster elimination rates
Less toxic than legacy PFASs
Lack of evidence for ecotoxicity
Newer PFASs – safer?
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Non-negligible half-lives in humans and biota
Environmental persistence
Mobility in the environment
Accumulation in plants
Lack of safety data
Newer PFASs – safety concerns?
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All 2015-2017 policy priorities are met
Clear exposure pathways to Candidate Chemicals
Chemicals detected in biomonitoring studies
Chemicals observed in indoor air and dust
May impact children or workers
May adversely impact aquatic resources, or observed through water quality monitoring
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Next steps: product evaluation process
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- Workshops
- Meetings
- Comments
- Research Refinement
- Profile
- Workshop
Rulemaking:
- Supporting documents
- Public comments
Contact information
Follow updates in our E-list: http://bit.ly/scpupdates
General questions: [email protected]
Media Inquiries: [email protected]
Technical questions: [email protected] and
Meeting requests: [email protected]
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