DROUGHT – SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

60% of net cultivated area is under rainfed

Rainfed areas housing a majority of our rural poor & marginal farmers

Major proportion of rainfed areas prone to drought

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT PRONE AREAS

Continuous degradation of land and vanishing green cover

Depleting water resources and drinking water problem

Decreasing productivity of crop, livestock & human resources

Hunger and malnutritionOut-migration of both human & cattle population

in times of distress

Probability of occurrence of drought in different meteorological sub-divisions

 Meteorological subdivision Frequency of deficient rainfall(75% of normal or less)

Assam Very rare, once in 15 years

West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Konkan, Bihar and Orissa

Once in 5 years

South interior Karnataka, Eastern Uttar Pradesh & Vidarbha

Once in 4 years

Gujarat, East Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh

Once in 3 years

Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and Telengana

Once in 2.5 years

West Rajasthan Once in 2.5 years

AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP)

Drought Prone Areas Programme

(DPAP)

Desert Development Programme (DDP)

CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIATING AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

PT - ET

MOISTURE INDEX ( MI ) = --------------- X 100 ET

Where MI = Moisture Index PT = Total Precipitation ET = Evapo-Transpiration

MI Climate Zone ADP % Area % Irrigation allowed

< -66.7 Arid DDP 19.6 50 %

-66.6 to –33.3 Semi-Arid DPAP 37.0 40 %

-33.2 to 0 Dry Sub-Humid DPAP 21.1 30 %

0 to +20.0 Moist Sub-Humid 10.2

+20.0 to +99.9 Humid 7.8

100 Per Humid

COVERAGE

DPAP covers 972 Blocks in 185 Districts in 16 States

A.P. (94), Bihar (30), Chhatisgarh (29), Gujarat (67), HP (10), Jharkhand (100), J&K (22), Karnataka (81), M.P. (105), Maharashtra (149), Orissa (47), Rajasthan (32), Tamilnadu (80), UP (60), Uttaranchal (30), West Bengal (36)

DPAP-OBJECTIVES    To minimize the adverse effects of drought on

the production of crops, livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources for drought proofing of the affected areas

To promote the overall economic development and improve the socio-economic condition of the resource poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the programme areas.

To take up development works by watershed approach for land development, water resource development and afforestation/pasture development.

WATERSHED PROJECTS AIM AT

RAISING GROUND-WATER TABLE

IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED /

WASTELANDS

PREVENTING LAND DEGRADATION

CONSERVING ECO-FRAGILE LANDS

INCREASING FUEL, FOOD & FODDER

IMPROVING RURAL ECONOMY

Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes

Land Development including in-situ soil and moisture conservation measures like contour and graded bunds fortified by vegetation, bench terracing in hilly terrain.

Drainage line treatment with a combination of vegetative and engineering structures.

Development of small water harvesting structures such as low-cost farm ponds, nalla bunds, check-dams and percolation tanks.

Nursery raising for fodder, timber, fuel wood and horticultural species.

Afforestation including block plantations, shelter belts, sand dune stabilisation, etc.

Agro-forestry and horticultural development. Pasture development either by itself or in conjunction

with plantations. Repair, restoration and upgradation of existing

common property assets Basic surveys such as contour survey, hydrological

survey etc. Setting up revolving fund not exceeding Rs.1 lakh to

be given as seed money to SHGs at a rate not exceeding Rs.10,000 per SHG for undertaking income generating activities.

Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes (contd…)

FUNDING PATTERN - DPAP

UNIT COST Rs. 6000/ha.

75% Central Share25% State Share

Micro watershed size : 500 Ha.

14

STATUS OF DPAPName of Name of

the the ProgrammProgramm

ee

Projects Projects sanctionesanctione

dd

Area Area covered covered

(in lakh (in lakh ha.)ha.)

Total CostTotal Cost

(Rs.in (Rs.in Crore)Crore)

Funds Funds released released (central (central

share) as on share) as on 14.9.200714.9.2007

(Rs. in crores)(Rs. in crores)

DPAPDPAP 2743927439 137.2137.200

9874.929874.92 2508.502508.50

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES OF PROGRAMMES

MAJOR FINDINGSImprovement in ground water level, cultivated area and productivity of Land

Decrease in soil erosion, runoff loss and silting of ponds, tanks and dams

Increase in availability of fodder, milk production, fuel and employment

Improvement in overall socio-economic status of rural people living in/around watershed areas

SUCCESS STORIES

DPAP Project in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh

Project period: 1995-96 to 2000-01

Area : 523 ha.

Location : Dantha Village in Khandwa District

Activities: Total water management approach adopted through ridge to valley treatment A series of drainage-line earthen checks and continuous contour trenches,

field bandhs and kundis were made which do not allow water to flow more than 10m. Even if there is a rainfall of 20cm in a day.

Impact: All the 46 existing dugwells had water throughout the year and 102 new

dugwells were constructed. The water table rose by 4 - 6 feet providing enough water for rabi crop The water availability in the village increased from 12.5 hect-metre to 305

hect-metre. The cultivable area gone up from 300 ha. to 421 ha. and the productivity from

16-17 quintals to 30-35 quintals per ha. The no. of milch cattle increased by 100%.

“Watershed Villages” Were Seen To Have Developed Sufficient

Drought Sustenance Capacity