DriveTest Manual Guide

7/30/2019 DriveTest Manual Guide

1/56

1 PREFACE ...........................................................................................................................22 DRIVE TEST USING TEMS ..............................................................................................2

2.1 Preparation for Drive Test ........................................................................................22.1.1 MapInfo Preparation ............................................................................................2

2.1.2 TEMS Preparation ...............................................................................................9

2.2 Implementation of Drive Test Using TEMS ........................................................... 112.2.1 Map Configuration ............................................................................................. 112.2.2 Hardware Configuration ..................................................................................... 15

2.2.3 Enabling External Equipments (Hardware) ........................................................ 162.2.4 Drive Test Implementation Proper...................................................................... 19

While on drive test you can also perform the following: ............................................ ................ 203 DRIVE TEST ANALYSIS USING TEMS AND MAPINFO .................... ........................ 21

3.1 Analyze by TEMS Replay...................................................................................... 21Replaying Logfiles ............................................................................................................ 21

3.1.1 Interference Problem Analysis ........................................................................... 213.1.2 Missing Neighbor Problem Analysis .................................................................. 23

3.1.3 Call Drop Problem Analysis ............................................................................... 243.1.4 Handover Problem Analysis ............................................................................... 24

3.1.5 Coverage Problem Analysis ............................................................................... 243.2 Analyze by TEMS Export ...................................................................................... 25

Executing the Export Orders .............................................................................................. 293.3 Analyze by Generating Report ............................................................................... 30

Report Contents ................................................................................................................. 363.3 Analyze Using MapInfo ......................................................................................... 36

3.3.1 Show RxLev Map by MapInfo ........................................................................... 36Creating Thematic Map ..................................................................................................... 39

3.3.2 Show RxQual Map by MapInfo ......................................................................... 493.3.3 Sector Swap Problem ......................................................................................... 50

4.0 Tems cel file created skill .................................................................................................... 54

Uploaded by: Engr. M. Basharat Ali Awan Email: [email protected]


2/56

1 PREFACE

The Getting Started Manual deals with preliminaries that you must work through before you can

carry out DRIVE TEST, such as Preparation of input data, hardware and software configuration

(TEMS Mobile and GPS). The manual also covers how you can analyze data using MapInfo andTEMS Investigation GSM after drive test. The Users Manual is what you will probably bereferring to most of the time once you have gotten started. The summary of the drive test is

stated below:

Before drive test, prepare input data (in .txt format and .cel format)

Creating points using map info

Map configuration

Hardware Configuration

Enabling external devices

Perform drive test and save log files

Exporting logfiles and generating reports using TEMS Investigation software and

Drive test report.

2 DRIVE TEST USING TEMS

2.1 Preparation for Drive Test

Before drive test implementation, the input data need to be prepared in which without it,drive test cannot be successfully carried out. And this input data can be prepared using

MapInfo and TEMS as will be discussed in the following sections.

2.1.1 MapInfo Preparation

To launch MapInfo:Choose Start > Programs > MapInfo >MapInfo Professional 6.5 or simply click on the short cut

on your desktop if one is created.

For MapInfo preparation, you need to prepare your table in Excel spreadsheet (see Fig. 1) which

should include the following: Site ID and Co-ordinates (Longitude and Latitude).


3/56

Fig. 1. Input table in excel (xls) format

The above table should be saved as a text file (using Save As) before uploading in MapInfobecause with MapInfo you can upload table in text (txt) format

Note: Always remember where you save your files for easy location.

To upload table in MapInfo, simply follow the steps below:

Steps1. From the tool bar or menu bar of MapInfo window click on Open. The Open Table

dialog window will appear


4/56

Fig. 2. Open Table dialog

File name Select file name where saved

Files of type Select Delimited ASCII (*.txt)Preferred View Change from Automatic to Current Mapper

ClickOpen

3.Delimited ASCII Information window will pop-up as shown below:

Fig. 3. Delimited ASCII Information window

Check Use First Line for Column Tiles and clickOK


5/56

The result as shown below will be displayed

Fig. 4. MapInfo table format

Note: The above table is in MapInfo table format (e.g. DT.TAB). Also note that the co-ordinatesare in decimal.


6/56

After Creating MapInfo table format as shown above. The next step is to create points. How doyou create points? Simply follow the path below:

From the menu bar click onMap > Create Points. Create Points window comes up as shown

below.

Fig. 5. Create Points window

Get X Coordinates from Column Select Long for this column

Get Y Coordinates from Column Select Lat for this column

After selection clickOK

To display points created choose Window > New Map from the menu bar and these points aredisplayed as shown below:


7/56

Fig. 6. Created points

The points created can be zoomed by clicking on zoom-in or zoom-out from the toolbar.

You can label points created by clicking Layer Control on the tool bar and check auto

label.


8/56

Fig. 7. Layer Control window

ClickOK

The window below will be displayed

Fig. 8. Labeled points


9/56

2.1.2 TEMS PreparationTo launch TEMSChoose Start > Programs > TEMS Product > TEMS Investigation GSM 4.0 or click on the short

cut on your desktop if on is created.

For TEMS preparation, you need to prepare your table in Excel spreadsheet (see Fig. 8) whichshould include the following: CELL NAME, ARFCN, BSIC, LATITUDE, LOGITUDE, CGI

(MCC, MNC, LAC, and CI), ANTENNA DIRECTION, ANTENNA BEAM WIDTH etc asshown in fig. 9 below

Fig. 9. input table in excel format

Note: the above table should be saved as text file (using Save As) then change the text fileextension by renaming the extension .txt to .cel which can now be uploaded in TEMS

Investigation GSM 4.0.Also note that the co-ordinates (Latitude & Longitude) of fig. 8 are in degree and minutes while

in fig. 1 are in decimal.


10/56

Co-ordinate FormatPlease note that the co-ordinates used in TEMS have a format as shown below.

ForLatitude there must be a space between the N and XXXXX.XXXX (e.g. N 01109.8001) and

also note that the first three X is in degree while the rest in minutes.

Fig. 10. Format for Latitude

Note: If the number of digits is not enough (or complete) as shown in the format (fig. 10), youhave to make-up for the remaining digit(s). E.g. if latitude is N 1106.7830. From the example

you will notice that the degree part is not complete (only two digits instead of three digits).Therefore you have to add zero (0) to the degree part and you have something like this N01106.7830. Consequently, the minute part also may not be complete sometimes and you do

likewise by adding zero to its digits.

ForLongitude there must be double spacing between the E and XXXX.XXXX(e.g. E 0738.5165). Also note that the first two X is in degree while the rest in minutes (see fig.

11)


11/56

Fig. 11. Format for Longitude

Note: For longitude, also if the number of digits is not complete as shown in the format (fig. 11)

follow the same procedure as explained for Latitude.

2.2 Implementation of Drive Test Using TEMS

Before a drive test could be implemented, two things have to be put in place and they are

Map configuration and Hardware configuration.

2.2.1 Map Configuration

To configure Map, please follow the steps below:1. Open the General window from the Navigator or from the menu bar click on

Configuration General and the General window will come up as shown in fig. 12below

Fig. 12. General window

2. Double-clickGSM to access the Properties dialog

Fig. 13. Properties dialog

3. Check Use Cell Definition File and browse to select your file. ClickOKafterfile selection.

On loading the cell definition file, its contents are automatically displayed in the Cell Definition

window. If the Cell Definition window is not open, the file will be displayed there as soon as youopen the window.


12/56

Fig. 14. Map displaying sites

Note: the sites can be enlarged by using the zoom-in on the Map tool bar


13/56

Fig. 15. Enlarged (zoomed) Map

The next step is to label the sites on the map so as to differentiate one site from the other.

How do you label sites? Simply follow the steps below:

Click on Layer control from the Map tool bar to access the layer control dialog box.

ClickAdd. Select and open file [in MapInfo table format (e.g. *.TAB)]


14/56

Fig. 16. Layer Control window

CheckAutomatic Labels and clickOK.


15/56

Fig. 17. Labeled sites

Since the map is successfully loaded and labeled, the next step is to configure the hardware.

2.2.2 Hardware Configuration

This section describes how to connect and disconnect external devices. It also explains the role

of the so-called TEMS Investigation mobile.These are the connectable types of external devices:

TEMS mobile station TEMS-specific frequency scanner (TEMS Scanner)

GPS unit Laptop PCMCIA card with dual port cable labeled TEMS & DATA

GPS AntennaBut in this chapter we shall not discuss TEMS-specific frequency scanner.

Procedure


16/56

Insert the PCMCIA card with dual port cable labeled TEMS & DATA into the laptop PC cardslot (See fig. 18). Of the two ports on the dual port cable, the one labeled TEMS is used to attach

the mobile to TEMS Investigation. The port labeled DATA is used for data services.

Fig. 18. Hardware configuration

The following should be borne in mind when attaching external devices to the PC:

The TEMS Scanner should be attached to COM1. The DATA cable from a TEMS mobile should also ideally be attached to

COM1. If you are also using a scanner so that COM1 is busy, you must connect the DATA cablein some other way. The GPS is also connected in some other way. GPS may be using COM5

with protocol NMEA 0183.

2.2.3 Enabling External Equipments (Hardware)

Equipment can be enabled either from the Equipment Control toolbar or from the Port

Configuration window. Enabling can be done in two ways: either for all devices at once, usingthe Identify Equipment function, or for each device separately.

1. Enabling Hardware Using the Identity

You can instruct TEMS Investigation to scan all COM ports in order to detect externaldevices. All devices found are then enabled automatically in the application.


17/56

Click the Identify Equipment button on the Equipment Control toolbar or in the Port

Configuration window.

Fig. 19. Port Configuration window

The window below is the Port property

Fig. 20. Port properties dialog

Use Ports: Check the ports you want to be scanned during theidentification procedure.

When you have completed the dialog, the application starts to scan the selected COM ports for

external devices, automatically recognizing the type of each device: T68, NMEA 0183 etc. Portsallocated by other Windows applications are ignored, however. During the scan, the remaining

equipment control functions are disabled. The detected external devices are listed in the PortConfiguration window as they are identified (such a window is opened automatically if you

used the button on the Equipment Control toolbar).


18/56

Fig. 21. Port Configuration window

NOTE: If the GPS is connected it will be displayed in the Port Configuration.The GPS protocol to be used with TEMS Investigation is NMEA-0183.

For TEMS mobiles, TEMS and DATA cables are detected as separate units. The detected

devices are automatically enabled, but not connected; this state is indicated by a red-light symbolto the left of each device. The same equipment symbols are also shown in the main window

status bar.The Identify Equipment function is semi-automatic in the sense that it does not automatically

detect new devices that are connected physically to ports.You must click the Identify Equipment button when you want to update the list of enabled

devices.

2. Manual Enabling Adding One Device At A Time External equipment can also be enabled one device at a time. If you use this method, you

must indicate the type of the device (e.g. T68, NMEA-0183) yourself.

Click the Add button on the Equipment Control toolbar or in the PortConfiguration window.

Fig. 22. Add equipment window

Select the correct COM port for MS and GPS.For example, for the T68, choose T68for theTEMS cable; and for GPS choose NMEA 0183 . The two cables will be treated as different


19/56


20/56

Fig. 23. Example of drive test path

While on drive test you can also perform the following:

To pause the recording without closing the logfile, click Pause Recording. Click thebutton once more to resume the recording. Special events indicating pausing and resumption are

written to the logfile.

Click Stop Recording to end the recording and close the logfile. Once you have closed it,you cannot log any more data to the same file.

At any time while recording, you can close the current logfile immediately and continue

recording to a new file.

Click Swap Logfiles. The new logfile will be named according to the default

format MMDD_nn.log, regardless of the name you chose for the original file.

To begin drive test click on and you will be prompted to name the logfile and after renaming

the logfile the computer starts recording.


21/56

Note: Sometimes you may think that you have successfully recorded the logfiles whileperforming drive test but to no avail. There are two ways to know whether logfiles are properly

recorded or not. One way is that once you click on the Record button , it will change to the

Stop button and secondly, from the right-top of the task bar, you see files counting innumbers. These two ways signifies recording.

3 DRIVE TEST ANALYSIS USING TEMS AND MAPINFO

3.1 Analyze by TEMS Replay

Replaying Logfiles

After drive test you can replay logfiles. By replaying a logfile, you can view and analyze

problems like Interference, missing neighbors, call drop, handover and coverage repeatedly.

Note: To be able to replay a logfile, you must disconnect your external equipment.

Logfile replay is controlled from the Replay toolbar or from the Logfile menu.The quickest method is to use the toolbar buttons:

Open/Close Logfile - Open a logfile/Close the logfile that is currently open. Only

one logfile can be opened at a time.

Rewind Logfile - Rewind the logfile to the beginning.

Play/Stop Logfile - Replay the logfile/Stop logfile replay. The speed of the replayis variable and is set from the Logfile menu. When the stop button is clicked to halt fastforwarding, all presentation windows are updated.

Step Logfile - Advance one step in the logfile, i.e. read one more mobile stationreport. Note that a presentation window is not always updated when advancing a single step or

just a few steps.

Fast-forward Logfile - Play the logfile at high speed. No updating ofpresentation windows takes place until the replay is stopped.

Find in Logfile - Search forward in the logfile for a time instant, a type of event,

or a type of message

3.1.1 Interference Problem Analysis

Interference could be as a result of geographical environment (e.g. hill, mountains, high building

etc), external source (e.g. radar), frequency multiplexing which brings forth co-channel and


22/56

adjacent interference (also know as internal interference of the system), multi-path effect andexternal factors of the network (e.g. interference of repeaters)

There might be interferences in both uplinks and downlinks.

Uplink interference can be positioned with the numbers of interference bands and Call Drop ratesin HUAWEI OMC traffic statistics terminal. Interference band is an indication of idle TCHlevels of 5 grades in all. Interference Band 1~5

Generally, shall idle channel fall into Interference Band 4 and Interference Band 5 continuously,it can be determined that there exists interference. Beside, measurement report for uplink and

downlink can be viewed from Signaling Analyzer MA-10 connected to ABIS interface. In thisway, uplink interference and downlink interference can also be positioned.

When the receive level is good but the quality is bad this shows that there is interference. And if

the receivel is bad and quality good does not necessarily mean interference. The figure belowdepict downlink interference problem, these can be seen from the Line Chart (see Fig. 24)

Fig. 24. Line Chart showing interference


23/56

3.1.2 Missing Neighbor Problem Analysis

Sometimes a site will not add its neighbor and as a result of this, there will be call drop as shown in

the fig below.

ASH000 omits the neighbor with ASH001

Fig. 25. window displaying

This can also be confirmed from the signaling message as shown below:


24/56

Fig. 26. signaling message

3.1.3 Call Drop Problem Analysis

Under drive test, call drop problem analysis cannot be easily identified, because it will also

require result from Traffic Statistics.

3.1.4 Handover Problem Analysis

So also for handover problems, analysis cannot be concluded from drive test only, it will requireresult from Traffic Statistics.

3.1.5 Coverage Problem Analysis

Major factors affecting coverage are the following: i. Blind zone for signals as a result of no

overlapping between coverage areas of two base stations or no overlapping caused byobstructions and ii. Cross coverage cell as signals emitted from high base stations can be

transmitted on hilly landforms or along roads to places far way. This will result as a lonely islandand when a call is connected into the island of a base station, which is far from the base

station, configuration handover in this cell may immediately result in Call Drop once the mobilestation leaves this island area.


25/56

Fig. 27. Displaying coverage problem

3.2 Analyze by TEMS ExportYou export logfiles after drive test, so as to analyze information derived.

Logfiles can be exported in the following formats: Text file with tab delimited data (suitable for processing in, for example, a spreadsheet

application). TEMS Automatic logfiles, too, can be exported in this format. MapInfo, Interchange file or Tab file

ArcView shape file Marconi Planet file

But we shall only be usingMapInfo Tab file format since we shall be using MapInfo to analyze

data.

Preparing an Export Order First, if the logfile is currently open, close it. While a logfile is open it cannot be exported. From the Logfile menu, choose Export Logfile.


26/56

Fig. 28. Export Logfile window

ClickAdd. The Add Export Order dialog appears:

Fig. 29. Add Export Order dialog

First select Format

Format Select the output format for your logfiles (Select MapInfo Tab file). Then clickSetup to specify details of the export;

Input files Enter the name of the logfiles you want to export, or click Browse file and

select the files. It is possible to export all logfiles in a directory by typing *.log.

On clicking the Setup button, a dialog appears as shown below. The Information Elements tab,however, is common to all formats:


27/56

3.

Fig. 30. MapInfo Tab-file setup

Here you select which information elements. To export an element, select it in the Available IEs list and click the > button.

The information elements may include the following:

All-ARFCN BCCH

All-Cell NameAll-LAC

All-RxLev FullAll-RxLev Full (dBm)

All-RxLev Sub*All-RxLev Sub (dBm)

All-RxQual FullAll-RxQual Full (%)

All-RxQual Sub

All-RxQual Sub (%)

Note: the information elements may not necessarily include the above. It depends on what you

want to do.

From the MapInfo Tab-file setup dialog window you also have the Options tab click the optiontab and check Don not export events.


28/56


29/56

Executing the Export Orders

All the export orders you have defined are listed in the Export Logfile window.

Click Start to execute the export orders.

Click Abort to stop the execution.

Fig. 33. Export Logfile window displaying successful added files

After execution of the export orders is successful you will see the Export Result as shown below


30/56


31/56


32/56

Fig. 37. Add Threshold window

Choose an information element. Choose an argument (where applicable).

Specify the two thresholds.

Click Add to add this threshold pair to the list and keep the Add Threshold dialog open. Click OK to add this threshold pair to the list and close the Add Threshold dialog.

Editing Thresholds To edit the properties of a threshold pair, select it and click the Edit button.

A dialog similar to the Add Threshold dialog appears. Make the desired changes.

Deleting Thresholds To delete a threshold pair, select it and click the Delete button.

Step 3: Events

The report has a section with event statistics. In this step you choose what event types to includein these statistics.

Check the events you want to include, and uncheck the rest.

Fig. 38. Report Wizard Events

Step 4: Devices Check the external devices whose data you want to include in the report.

By default all devices used to record the logfile will be checked. GPS data, if available, isincluded implicitly.


33/56

Fig. 39. Report Wizard Devices

Step 5: Scanned ChannelsIn this step you choose which of your scanned channels you want to present in the report. And if

there is no scanned channels click on Next.

The number within square brackets is the frequency band.


34/56


35/56

Fig. 41. Report Wizard Output Directory

Click on Finish after specifying the output directory for the report files

The logfiles will be processed as shown below

Fig. 42. Progress status bar

After processing, the Result as shown below


36/56

Fig. 43. Generated report results

Report Contents

The logfile report has the following main sections Header: Date, time

Logfile information: Logfile names and used equipment Worst cell indication: Ranking of cells based on thresholds crossed and events triggered

Thresholds: Detailed statistics on how often and in what cells each threshold has been crossed Events: Statistics on events

Scan data: Statistics on the signal strength of scanned channels. Distribution charts for threshold parameters

Distribution charts for scan data

3.3 Analyze Using MapInfo

To open MapInfo Professional 6.5

Choose Start > Programs > MapInfo > MapInfo Professional 6.5 or click on the shortcut on thedesktop if one is created.

To analyze drive test data using MapInfo, you will need an input data and this input data is the

TEMS exported logfiles. If you have not exported logfiles, check the previous pages on howto export log files using TEMS Investigation GSM 4.0. MapInfo can be used to analyze

RX_LEV and RX_QUAL as we shall see in the following sections.

3.3.1 Show RxLev Map by MapInfo

To show RxLev Map, a Thematic Map needs to be created.


37/56


38/56

Fig. 45. Map path not zoomed

Note: The Fig. above shows the map path of the drive test which need to be enlarged

To enlarge, simply click zoom-in on the Map tool bar


39/56

Fig. 46. Zoomed map path

Creating Thematic Map

To create Thematic Map, from menu bar choose Map > Create Thematic Map. The CreateThematic Map - Step 1 of 3 dialog displays. Creating a thematic map is a three-step process:

Step 1: Choosing A Type Of Thematic Map

Thematic templates allow you to make a thematic map based on values and settings in ourdefault types, alter these settings and/or save them as a new template you can use again. When

you first create a thematic map, you begin by selecting a template that you can modify to suityour requirements. You cannot create a theme without using an existing theme template.

To create a thematic map you can only use the Ranges under Type (see fig. 47)


40/56

Fig. 47. Step 1 of creating thematic map

Type: Select Ranges

Template Name: Select Template Name (e.g. Region Ranges, Solid Yellow-Blue,

Dark

Click on Next

Step 2: Select a Table and a Field

Fig. 48. Step 2 of creating thematic map


41/56


42/56

The buttons in the Customize group enable you to change the default settings of particularaspects of your thematic map

Ranges - Allows you to customize settings on a ranged map. This option is available for rangedand grid maps.

Fig. 50. Customize Ranges window

Method: Select Custom

# of Ranges: Select 4 to define the ranges for RXLEV_FULL or Select 3 to define theranges for RXQUAL_FULL

Define the minimum (>=Min) and maximum (


43/56


44/56

Fig. 52. Customize Range Style window

Click on the Style Buttons at left to change style


45/56

Fig. 53. Symbol Style window

Select the symbol style color of your choice to define your range.

ClickOKafter defining all your colors.

Legend - Enables you to customize your legend. This option is available for all types of thematicmaps.


46/56

Fig. 54. Customize Legend window

Define your ranges from the Edit selected range here and can also be modified through same.

ClickOK

TemplateThe buttons in the Templates group enable you to specify a name for a template, save the

thematic map as a template, and when modifying an existing theme merge the thematic map withanother template.

Save As - Displays the Save Theme to a Template dialog. Type a unique name or select an

existing name and overwrite it. If you overwrite an existing template, you are prompted toconfirm this action.

Therefore, after customizing the ranges, style and legend for say RXLEV_FULL; you can save

the template so that you use it again for other logfiles. This will save you a lot of stresscustomizing severally.

For RXLEV_FULL, you may use the ranges defined below

35 66 (RXLEV>-75dBm)


47/56

20 35 (-90dBm=


48/56

Fig. 56. Thematic Map showing Rx_Lev

The size of the thematic map can be modified (i.e. made more presentable) from the tool bar

Choose Layer Control > select Layer and clickDisplay > Style override


49/56

Fig. 57. Symbol Style window

Font: Select font (select MapInfo Symbols)

Size: Select size of your choice (preferably 6)Symbol: Select desired symbol

Colour: Select desired colour

Then clickOK

Fig. 58. Modified Thematic Map showing Rx_Lev

3.3.2 Show RxQual Map by MapInfo

For RX_QUAL, follow the same step as for RX_LEV (see Section 3.3.1) but the customizerange, style and legend will be different. The customize range, style and legend is as follows:

6=


50/56

0=


51/56


52/56


53/56

MIN008 sector swap (for Example)

MIN008Azimuth: 0

0, 120

0, 240

0

BCCH of MIN008-1: 105 BCCH of MIN008-4: 747

BCCH of MIN008-2: 108 BCCH of MIN008-5: 741

BCCH of MIN008-3: 103 BCCH of M008-6: 757

Fig. 63. Map showing swapped sectors

From the above fig. 63, we can see that sectors 5 and 6 were swapped. BCCH of MIN008-5:741

show at the direction of 240, BCCH of MIN008-6:757 show at the direction of 120, which will be

corrected after swap.


54/56

4.0 Tems cel file created skillThe TEMS cel file created skill refers to how you can use some of the functions in excel

spreadsheet to manipulate and convert co-ordinates (Latitude and Longitude) in decimal todegree and minutes.

This section will teach you on how you can use these functions effectively to change co-

ordinates in decimal to TEMS cel format. Some of these functions include: ROUNDDOWN,LEFT, RIGHT, IF etc.

We are going to consider two examples, one for Latitude and the other for Longitude.1. Covert latitude 11.12111 to degree and minutes (in TEMS format)

Solution:

Fig. 64. Table of Tems cel format

From the table above (fig. 64)

Step1To get the degree part

A2 = 11.12111=ROUNDDOWN(A2,0) will give you B2 = 11 (B2 shows the degree part which is just two

digits instead of three digits)

Alternatively,

You can also use the IF function to get the degree part without any missing digit i.e.

Fig. 65. Table of Tems cel format using IF function

=IF(B2>=10,0&B2,"00"&B2) will give you C2 = 011 (C2 shows the degree part with complete

digit)

Step 2

To get the minute part (fig.64)=A2-B2 will give you C2 = 0.121108

=C2*60 will give you D2 = 7.266472 (D2 shows the minutes part which is just a digit i.e. 7instead of two digits)

Alternatively, you can also use the IF function to get the minute part (See fig. 65)

=IF(D2


55/56

Step 3

Combine the degree and minutes together as shown below

="N " &B2&D2 will give you E2 = N 117.26647219999997 (N indicating latitude and

remember that there is a space between N and the digits)

Since the degree part and minute part are not complete according to the format (see fig.10),

make-up for the remaining digits by adding 0 (zero) as shown below. Sometimes only one part isincomplete, just add 0 to any part you know its incomplete. Sometimes you add two zeros to the

degree part.

="N 0"&B2&0&D2 gave us F = N 01107.26647219999997Or ="N "&"0"&B2&"0"&D2

The number of decimal places ofF is too long, so you reduce (or approximate) it to 4 decimal

places by using the function LEFT.=LEFT(F2,12) gave us G = N 01107.2664

G = N 01107.2664 shows the Tems cel format

2.Covert longitude 5.232776 to degree and minutes (in TEMS format)

Fig. 66. Table

Simply follow same steps for latitude. But the note that the space between E and the digits isdouble spacing.

MEANING

RIGHT(text,num_chars): Returns the specified number of characters from the end of a text string

Formula Description (Result)

=RIGHT(A2,5) Last 5 characters of the first string (Price)

=RIGHT(A3) Last character of the second string (r)

LEFT(text,num_chars): Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string


56/56


=LEFT(A2,4) First four characters in the first string

=LEFT(A3) First character in the second string

ROUNDDOWN(number,num_digits): Rounds a number down, towards zero


=ROUNDDOWN(3.2, 0) Rounds 3.2 down to zero decimal places (3)

=ROUNDDOWN(76.9,0) Rounds 76.9 down to zero decimal places (76)

=ROUNDDOWN(3.14159, 3) Rounds 3.14159 down to three decimal places (3.141)

=ROUNDDOWN(-3.14159, 1) Rounds -3.14159 down to one decimal place (-3.1)

=ROUNDDOWN(31415.92654, -2) Rounds 31415.92654 down to 2 decimal places to the left

of the decimal (31400)

Documents

DriveTest Manual Guide