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PCMO3
Fuel Economy &
Engine Durability
Predictor Test
Alternatives to
ASTM D7589 &
ILSAC SEQ 6E
DRAFT to be
Presented to
ASTM Committee D02.B0.1.1
Passenger Car Engine Oil
Classification Panel
January 15, 2015
by
Mark Alan Adams
Tribology Testing Labs
Saginaw, MI USA
+1 989-777-0839
ISO 17025
Accredited
Laboratory
Chemical
&
Mechanical
Testing of
Lubricants
and
Materials
PRECISION
For determining friction and wear characteristics: • Gasoline & Diesel Motor Oils • Relevant to All Engine Manufacturers and Models
• New Additives, Engine Materials, Coatings & Surface Finishes
• Idling, City & Highway Driving Sequences
• From Idling to 3000 RPM’s • Sorts by Viscosity Grade & Friction Modifier %
• Best Precision, Repeatability & Reliability in the Business
PCMO3
Fuel Efficiency & Engine Durability
Predictor Test
BL3
20W-30
541
10W-30
542
0W-20
ASTM / TMC Standard Reference Oils
PCMO3 Test Ratings
ASTM TMC Oil Sample # COF Ave FEI Wear Index
& Viscosity Grade
#VIDBL3 20W-30 0.183 3309 7.6
#541 10W-30 0.172 3110 7.7
#542 0W-20 0.120 2169 6.3
2
REPEATABILITY
Test #1
Test #2
Test #3
SAE 30 SN Motor Oil
4
Oil Sample # COF Ave FEI# Wear Index
SAE 30 SN 0.195 3535 7.0
SAE 30 SN #2 0.195 3542 7.7
SAE 30 SN #3 0.198 3593 7.1
Grouping Statistical
Data Data Points Mean (μ)
Standard
Deviation
(σ)
Coefficient
Of Friction
(Average)
Test #1 0.195
0.196 ±0.002 Test #2 0.195
Test #3 0.198
Fuel
Economy
Index
Test #1 3535
3557 ±32
Test #2 3542
Test #3 3593
Wear Index
Test #1 7.0
7.3 ±0.4
Test #2 7.7
Test #3 7.1
STATISTICAL DATA
Test #1
Test #2
Test #3
ASTM TMC Oil #541 10W-30
Oil Sample # COF ave FEI Wear Index
ASTM TMC 541 #1 0.204 3691 7.4
ASTM TMC 541 #2 0.207 3753 7.4
ASTM TMC 541 #3 0.203 3672 7.2
STATISTICAL DATA
Grouping Statistical
Data Data Points Mean (μ)
Standard
Deviation (σ)
Coefficient
Of Friction
(Average)
Test #1 0.204
0.205 ±0.002 Test #2 0.207
Test #3 0.203
Fuel
Economy
Index
Test #1 3691
3705 ±42
Test #2 3753
Test #3 3672
Wear
Index
Test #1 7.4
7.3 ±0.12
Test #2 7.4
Test #3 7.2
SORTING BY FRICTION
MODIFIER %
Mobil 1
5W-30
SN 2015
+0.25%
FM
+0.5%
FM
+0.75%
FM
+1.5%
FM
Mobil 1 5W-30 SN Oil with %’s of Friction Modifiers
Oil Sample # COF Ave Fuel Economy
Index Wear Index
Baseline 0.150 2723 8.3
FM % 0.25 0.137 2478 8.1
FM % 0.50 0.125 2274 7.6
FM % 0.75 0.108 1943 7.2
FM % 1.5 0.101 1834 6.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Baseline FM 0.25% FM 0.5% FM 0.75% FM 1.5%
FEI
#
Friction Modifier Percentages
Fuel Economy Index vs % Friction Modifiers
SORTING BY VISCOSITY
0W-20
5W-20
10W-30
PCMO3-Sorting ASTM TMC Oils by Viscosity
RATING OILS BY API
CATEGORY
Backward Compatibility – Validating Over 27 Years of
“Energy Conserving” Motor Oil Labels & API Licensing Claims Based on ILSAC Seq 6_ and ASTM D7589 Tests
API SF (1988 and older) vs API SN (current 2015)
COF
Ave
0.228
API SF
1988 &
Prior
COF
Ave
0.204
API SN
2015
Valvoline SAE 10W-30
API Service Classification SF vs. SN
Oil Sample # COF ave FEI Wear Index
Valvoline SF 10W-30 0.228 4124 7.6
Valvoline SN 10W-30 0.204 3693 7.0
Valvoline 10W-30
API SF (1988) vs. API SN (2015)
General Motors Corp Aftermarket Oils
SAE 5W-30 Motor Oils
API Service Categories SJ, SL, SN, & SN Dexos
SJ
1996-2001
SL
2001-2004
SN
Current
SN Dexos
Current
Friction Comparisons of GM Aftermarket
SAE 5W-30 Motor Oils
SJ (1996), SL (2001), SN and Dexos (2015)
Grouping
API
Service
Category
PCMO3
Values
Coefficient
Of Friction
(Average)
.
SJ (1996) 0.189
SL (2001) 0.178
SN (2015) 0.168
SN Dexos 0.187
Fuel
Economy
Index
SJ 3434
SL 3989
SN 3047
SN Dexos 3393
Wear
Index
SJ 8.8
SL 7.9
SN 7.0
SN Dexos 8.9
GM Motor Oils, SAE 5W-30, API SJ, SL, SN, vs. Dexos
Oil Sample # Year COF Ave. FEI Wear Index
GM 5W-30 SJ 2001+Older 0.189 3434 8.8
GM 5W-30 SL 2001-2003 0.176 3989 7.9
GM 5W-30 SN 2010-Current 0.168 3048 7.0
GM 5W-30 SN D 2010-Current 0.187 3394 8.9
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
SJ SL SN SN D
FEI
#
GM Oil Samples from Categories
General Motors Fuel Economy Index (FEI) Distribution
by API Service Category
Quaker State SAE 10W-30 Motor Oils
API SJ (1996) vs. API SN (2015)
COF Ave
0.219
SJ Oil
1996
COF Ave
0.218
SN Oil
2015
Quaker State SAE 10W-30 Motor Oils
API SJ (1996) vs. API SN (2015)
Quaker State SAE 10W-30 Motor Oils
API SJ (1996) vs. API SN (2015)
PCMO3
Values API Service
PCMO3
Results
Coefficient
Of Friction
(Average)
SJ 0.219
SN 0.218
Fuel
Economy
Index
SJ 3973
SN 3939
Wear
Index
SJ 8.8
SN 7.2
Mobil SAE 5W-30 Motor Oils
API SL (2004) vs SM (2010) vs SN (2015)
COF Ave
0.171
SL Oil
2001
COF Ave
0.176
SM Oil
2004
COF Ave
0.210
SN Oil
2015
Mobil SAE 5W-30 Mineral Oil PCMO
API SL (2004), SM (2010), & SN (2015)
PCMO3
Values
API
Service
Category
PCMO3
Results
Coefficient
Of Friction
(Average)
SL 0.171
SM 0.176
SN 0.210
Fuel
Economy
Index
SL 3092
SM 3185
SN 3805
Wear
Index
SL 7.4
SM 7.5
SN 7.1
Mobil SAE 5W-30 Mineral Oils
API SL (2004), SM (2010), and SN (2015)
AGED ENGINE OILS
New 5W-
30 SN
Motor Oil
Aged 5W-
30 SN
Motor Oil
5W-30 SN Dexos Motor Oil
Aged 7500 mi
Chevrolet Avalanche
Oil Sample COF ave Fuel
Economy
Index
Wear
Index
New Oil 0.150 2723 8.3
Aged 7500 mi 0.171 3102 6.9
5W-30 SN Dexos Motor Oil
Aged 7500 mi
Chevrolet Avalanche
New 5W-
20 SN
Aged 5W-
20 SN
9539 miles
5W-20 SN Motor Oil
at 9539 miles
Ford Fiesta
Oil Sample COF ave Fuel
Economy
Index
Wear
Index
New Oil 0.196 3540 7.0
Oil Aged 9539
mi
0.218 3952 6.1
SAE 5W-20 SN Motor Oil
at 9539 miles
Ford Fiesta
WHERE COULD WE BE WITH FUEL ECONOMY?
Valvoline
10W30 SF
1988
Valvoline
10W30 SN
2015
TODAYS
Next Gen
Low
Friction
Oils
2015
Where COULD motor oil fuel economy be in 2015 IF our
ASTM Fuel Economy Test Standards hadn’t been
hijacked 27 years by ILSAC, ASTM API, & Automakers?
Thanks!
Mary Walker
Andy Schomaker
Justin Thompson
lab: 989-777-0839
mobile: 989-980-4418
7030 East Rd.
Saginaw, MI 48601
USA
