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Noun
Adverb
serb
s
Adjec
tives
Original text by
Dr. Roy Beadle Jr.
Revised and edited by Dr. Paul R. Friesen
Everything Grammar
Volume II
USING Grammar
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To the student,
This book begins with fairly easy lessons, and each succeeding one will add
information or become a little more difficult. . You and your classmates should try
to complete as many units as you can in a class period. When there are instructions
to learn a list of words, you must be sure that you master them perfectly because
they will help you understand a language problem. Remember that the words are
only examples and that usually there are more likethem.
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IndexSection IX Usage .................... 7
Rules for using your Grammar 9
Unit 1 Plurals of Nouns 10
Unit 2Plurals of Nouns contd 12
Unit 3 Possessives of Nouns 14
Unit 4 Capitalization of Nouns 17
Unit 5Capitalization of Nouns contd 19
Unit 6 Capitalization of Mother, Uncle, etc. 21
Unit 7 Appositive Nouns 24
Unit 8 Special Nouns 26
Section X Errors................... 29
Unit 1 Contractions 30
Unit 2 Verbs and Auxiliaries 33
Unit 3 Some Common Verb Errors 36
Unit 4 Sit and Set 39
Unit 5 Rise and Raise 45
Unit 6 Lie and Lay 51
. Unit 7 Other Troublesome Verbs 56
Unit 8 Ought, Got, and 60Unit 9 Singular and Plural Verbs 64
Unit 10 - Phrases between Subject and Verb 70
Unit 11 - Special Verb Problems 75
Unit 12 - Agreement with Or and Now 79
Unit 13- Summary 82
Section XI Personal Pronouns.................. 85
Unit 1 - Personal Pronouns In the Nominative Case 86
Unit 2 Personal Pronouns In the Object of the Preposition 91Unit 3 Personal Pronouns As Direct Objects (DO) 96
Unit 4 Personal Pronouns As Indirect Objects (IO) 101
Unit 5 Use of Personal Pronouns 106
Unit 6 Who and Whom 113
Unit 7 Possessive Pronouns 119
Unit 8 Determiner or Contraction 124
Unit 9 Indefinite Pronouns 127
Unit 10 -- Usage Problems With Demonstratives 132
Unit 11 Other Pronouns 135Unit 12 Summary 140
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Section XII Special Cases ......................... 144
Unit 1 Using Prepositions Correctly 145
Unit 2 Using Adjectives and Adverbs 156
Unit 3 The Ability of Adverbs to Move 162
Unit 4 Special Cases with Adjectives 167Unit 5 Special Adjectives 170
Unit 6 Two - ToToo 173
Unit 7 Degree Usage 176
Unit 8 Negatives 179
Unit 9 Summary 183
Section XIII Clauses and Phrases .............. 187
Unit 1 Using Phrases and Clauses 188
Unit 2 Who and Whom in Clauses 191
Unit 3 Some Clause Problems 195
Unit 4 More Clause Problems 198
Unit 5 Elliptical Clauses 201
Unit 6 Problems in Noun Clauses 204
Unit 7 Using Infinitives 207
Unit 8 Using Participles 210
Unit 9 Using Gerunds 214
Unit 10 Summary 218
Section XIV Punctuation ...........................221
Unit 1 Introduction to Punctuation 222
Unit 2 Kinds of Sentences 224
Unit 3 Punctuating the Compound Sentences 226
Unit 4 The Conjunctive Adverb 229
Unit 5 Conjunctive Adverb or Parenthetic Expression 232
Unit 6 Compound Sentence or Compound Predicate? 235
Unit 7 Compound Sentences without Conjunctions? 240Unit 8 The Comma Blunder 241
Unit 9 Punctuating Subordinate Clauses 243
Unit 10 Summary of Sentence Punctuation 246
Unit 11 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses 249
Unit 12 Nonrestrictive or Appositive? 252
Unit 13 Words of Address 255
Unit 14 More about Punctuation 258
Unit 15 Direct and Indirect Quotations 261
Unit 16 Broken Quotations 263
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Unit 17 The Comma With Addresses and Dates 266
Unit 18 The Use of the Colon 269
Unit 19 Using Numbers 272
Unit 20 Summary 275
Section XV Composition Activities ........ 277
Unit 1 Rules for Setting up your Composition 278
Unit 2 Vivid Verbs 280
Unit 3 Descriptive Adjectives 281
Unit 4 Post-Noun Adjectives 282
Unit 5 Adjectives in Series 283
Unit 6 Colorful Adverbs 284
Unit 7 Adverbs in Pairs 285
Unit 8 Adverbs Beginning Sentences 286
Unit 9 Propositional Phrases 287
Unit 10 More Prepositional Phrases 288
Unit 11 Similes Beginning Sentences 289
Unit 12 Dependent Clauses Beginning Sentences 290
Unit 13 Infinitive Phrases Beginning Sentences 291
Unit 14 Participial Phrases Beginning Sentences 292
Unit 15 Gerund Phrases Beginning Sentences 293
Unit 16 The Absolute Construction Beginning Sentences294Unit 17 Coordinating Basic Sentences 295
Unit 18 More Coordinating Basic Sentences 296
Unit 19 Subordinating Ideas 297
Unit 20 Appositive Subordinating Ideas 298
Unit 21 NonRestrictive Clause 299
Unit 22 Participial Phrase as Head-word 300
Unit 23 Improving Your Style 301
Unit 24 More Style Improvement 302
Unit 25 Effective Use of Participial Phrases 303Unit 26 Starting with two Prepositional Phrases 304
Unit 27 Cumulative Sentences 305
Unit 28 Cumulative Sentences + Modifiers 307
Section XVI The Paragraph .................... 309
Unit 1 Introducing the Paragraph 310
Unit 2 Unity in the Paragraph 313
Unit 3 Emphasis in the Paragraph 315
Unit 4 Examples in the Paragraph 317
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Unit 5 Contrast in the Paragraph 319
Unit 6 Exposition in the Paragraph 321
Unit 7 Description in the Paragraph 323
Unit 8 Sentence Variety in the Paragraph 325
Unit 9 The Editorial 327Unit 10 The Friendly Letter 329
Unit 11 The Business Letter 331
Unit 12 The Outline Plan 333
Unit 13 The Whole Composition 336
Unit 14 The Speaking Voice Approach 338
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Part IX
Usage
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You have now completed the grammar portion of this book which presented a description of
English based on a study of grammatical vocabulary, an understanding of the relationships of
these terms in sentences, and some knowledge of how basic patterns combine to produce the
many kinds of sentences we use.
We will now turn our attention to what grammarians call usage; or, the different ways
grammatical structures are used in written and spoken English.
We need to remember that while grammar describes language and is neither good nor bad,
usageoffers choices of ways of expressing our thoughts.
Usage is acceptable or not depending upon the group one happens to be in. Thus,
expressions like aint" or "he dont may be acceptable in some social situations but would
not be considered good language manners by cultured or educated persons.
In this book, usageis divided into formal, informal, and non-standard English.
FormalEnglish is more often written than spoken and is used in most high school andcollege writing courses, books or articles on special subjects, talks or lectures to certain
groups, or recitation within the classroom.
InformalEnglish is often used by educated people in their casual conversations and may
include slang or other localisms.
Non-standardEnglish is represented by the speech of those with little or no schooling,byprofanity, or bypretentious speaking or writing.
What should be your attitude toward usage?
Whether you agree or not, most of the time good language manners go hand in
hand with success, and the student who desires a happy adult lifemust learn to correct his undesirable writing and speaking
language habits. After you learn a formal or acceptable usage form in the followingpages, you should immediately try to make it a part of you. It is probably best to avoid non-
standard usage.
Learn to recognize that there are levels of usage and strive to condition your language habits
so that you will be able to use the kind of English appropriate for different occasions. The
main difficulty for most students, of course, will be the problem of developing the ability to
use formal English with ease and facility when the occasion arises.
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Read this page carefully.
Be sure you know these rules before you try the next page.
1. Most nouns form their plural by adding .s. to the singular.
Example: land ~ lands.
2. Nouns ending in s,x,z,sh, and ch, form their plurals by adding es to thesingular.
Examples: loss-losses; tax-taxes; waltz-waltzes; wish-wishes; church-churches.
3. (a) Nouns ending in Y preceded by a consonant, change the Y to i and add es.
Examples: baby-babies; army-armies.
(b) Nouns with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) before the Y, just add .s..
Example: toy-toys.
4. (a) Most nouns ending in f or fechange the f or feto ves to make the plural.
Example: life-lives.
(b) Some nouns keep the f or fe and just add s.
Examples: roof-roofs; strife-strifes.
4. Some nouns keep the same form that is used for both the plural and the singular.
Example: deer-deer.
6. Some nouns ending in o add es to make the plural. With most musical terms, add s.
Examples: motto-mottoes; piano-pianos.
7. The plural of letters, figures, and signs are formed by adding apostrophe (s).
Examples: Form your y's and 5's in a careful manner.
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8. The plural of Miss = Misses;
Mr. = Messrs., pronounced mes'erz;
Mrs. = Mesdames, pronounced Madam'.
9. A collective noun, a name of a group, = singular when it is acting as if it were one person.Example: The class is having its picture taken.
10. A collective noun is plural when the members of the group are acting as individuals.
Example: The class are having their pictures taken. (one at a time)
11. Some nouns change their forms considerably.
Examples: child-children; man-men.
12. Form the plural of nouns ending in ful by adding s at the end of the word.
Example: spoonful-spoonfuls.
13. Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning.
Examples: scissors, measles, mumps.
14. Compound nouns usually form their plural by adding s or es to the main word of the
compound.
Example: brother-in-law, brothers-in-law.
!
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12. tomato ___ 38. Turkey ___
13. fly ___ 39. Mystery ___
14. cat ___ 40. mumps ___
15. sister-in-law ___ 41. 5 ___
16. shoe ___ 42. C ___
17. gas ___ 43. Chip ___
18. business ___ 44. father-in-law ___
19. m ___ 45. Elf ___
20. tiger ___ 46. Sheep ___
21. woman ___ 47. Miss ___
22. measles ___ 48. piano ___
23. goose ___ 49. Solo ___
24. chair ___ 50 class ___
25. kite ___ 51. teacher ___
26. child ___ 52. army ___
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WHAT TO DO!
Make the possessive by adding an apostrophe () or ('s) to the words below.
The first two are done for you.
1. student pencil = student's pencil
2. students pencils = students' pencils
~~ You try a few ~~
3. Thomas finger = ____________________________________________________
4. table's edge or edge of the table = ______________________________________
5. teacher desk = _____________________________________________________
6. cows tails = _____________________________________________________
7. teachers meetings = _________________________________________________
8. class problems = ____________________________________________________
9. work of the week or week's work = _____________________________________
10. army weapons = ___________________________________________________
11. printer press = ___________________________________________________
12. road's turn or turn of the road? = _____________________________________
13. Dickens prose = ___________________________________________________
14. children playground = ______________________________________________
15. Olson and Carr Grocery Store = ______________________________________
16. Holmes story = ____________________________________________________
17. Joe suit = ____________________________________________________
18. Agnes dress = ____________________________________________________
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19. Jesus love = ____________________________________________________
20. armies orders = ____________________________________________________
21. lion mane = ____________________________________________________
22. dog paw = ____________________________________________________
23. child toy = ____________________________________________________
24. James hat = ____________________________________________________
25. clock's dial or dial of the clock = ______________________________________
26. Jean diary = _____________________________________________________
27. sister-in-law book = _________________________________________________
28. ladies purses = ____________________________________________________
29. Tom bicycle = _____________________________________________________
30. a nickel's worth or worth of a nickel = __________________________________
?
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Note: Names that begin with small letters are called common nouns.Example: She was a girl.
Girl is a common noun. Common nouns are not capitalized.
When a particular or specific person place, or thing is named, it is called aproper noun.
Example: John went to Carnegie Hall.
John and Carnegie Hall =proper nouns. Proper nouns are capitalized.WHAT TO DO!
Over each noun write whether it is commonor proper.Example: common proper
1. We saw a friend in New York.
Speaking: Friend is a common noun; New York a proper noun.
~~ You Try a few ~~
2. She jumped over Tommy.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
3. The bear was playing with her cubs.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
4. My sister lives in Detroit.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
5. This is a large city.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
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6. Joe saw a statue by the river.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
7. Joe saw the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
8. The Mississippi River flowed peacefully.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
9. We live near the Sioux Indian Reservation.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
10. The boy sat quietly in the hall,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
11. She saw John at the fair,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
12. The field was near the courthouse,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
13. Randall's Field was a baseball diamond,
Speaking:___________________________________________________________.
14. We watched a game at Yankee Stadium,
Speaking: __________________________________________________________.
15. The people visited the tomb,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
16. It is called Grant's Tomb,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
17. The canyon was deep and impressive,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
18. We saw The Grand Canyon on our trip,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
19. She lived in Buffalo, New York,
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
20. Mr. Edwards owned the Morning Times in Jersey, Michigan.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.
!
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Note:The words north, south, east, and west are capitalized, when they
refer to asection of a country.
Example: The Westwas noted for its cowboys.
north, south, east, and west are notcapitalized when they refer to adirection.
Example: We drove southto the city.
School subjects are not capitalized unless they refer to a country.
Example: In ninth grade we tookEnglishand algebra.
Numbered courses like ~Typing 101~ are capitalized.
The word Miss, the abbreviations Mrs. and Mr., and any title or abbreviationof a titlewhen it is used with the name of a person is capitalized.
Examples: Mr. Jones, Mrs. Berner, Miss Boswell.
Titles ~~ Prof. Meyer, President Lincoln, and Dr. Caldwell.
Special Note:
Abbreviations are followed by periods.
Always capitalize the President of the United States. The names of seasons are not capitalized ~~
Example: It was winter again.
~~ unless they are personified; that is, made to appear that they are alive.
Example: We saw Winter roar in like a lion.
In the second sentence winter is made to appear alive.
The important words in the title of a book are capitalized.Example: We read The Call of the Wild.
The first word of a title is always capitalized.
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WHAT TO DO!
Fill in theblanks in the following sentences.
Write thecorrect word+a reason for your choice.Example:
1. The _______ is very warm. south - South
Reason: South is an area or section.
2. We went ______of the town. east - East
Reason: __________________________________________________.
3. She likes ___________. mathematics - Mathematics
Reason: __________________________________________________.
4. We learned _____________ in school. Spanish - spanish
Reason: __________________________________________________.
5. Miss Carlson teaches _______ Home Economics - home economics
Reason: __________________________________________________.
6. We studied about the ____________ of the United States. Presidentpresident
Reason: __________________________________________________.
7. The school offered______________ typing II - Typing II
Reason__________________________________________________.
8. His name was ________ Jones. Prof. - prof.
Reason: __________________________________________________.
9. In ____________ I like the warm sunshine. Spring - spring
Reason: __________________________________________________.
10. We saw ____________ dancing over the hills. Spring - spring
Reason:________________________________________________________.
11. The book was called __________________ Home On The Range - Home on the Range
Reason: _______________________________________________________.
12. She called the _____________. Doctor-doctor
Reason: _______________________________________________________.
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, , .
Note:CAPITALIZE mother, father, uncle, aunt, etc. when they are used indirect address or when one is referring to them.
Example: You know, Mother, that I shall go. I told Father about it.
Do notcapitalize the above terms when a determinerlike my, his, etc. comes before them.
Example: Mymother went with me.
WHAT TO DO!
Choose thecorrect form and write it in the blank.Write a short reason for your choice.
Example:
1. Will you do it for me, Father?Reason: CAPITALIZE father in direct address.
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~~ You try a few ~~
2. I went to the store with__________. Mother - mother
Reason: _________________________________________________.
3. They were with his ____________. Sister - sister
Reason: _________________________________________________.
4. Did you do it, __________ ? sister - Sister
Reason: _________________________________________________.
5. He talked to his ___________. Uncle - uncle
Reason: _________________________________________________.
6. Will you go with me, _________? Uncle - uncle
Reason: _________________________________________________.
7. ___________, may I go to the store? Aunty - aunty
Reason: _________________________________________________.
8. My ____________lives in Chicago. Aunt - aunt
Reason: _________________________________________________.
9. The boys rode in the car with their _____________. Father - father
Reason: _________________________________________________.
10. Did you drive the car into the garage, ______________ ? Father - father
Reason: _________________________________________________.
11. I know, ________ , about the scratch on the fender. dad - DadReason: _________________________________________________.
12. Was it my fault, __________? Dad - dad
Reason: _________________________________________________.
13. My ____________is a wonderful fellow. Dad - dad
Reason: _________________________________________________.
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Definitions: An appositive noun = a or placednear anoun or pronoun to explain it.
It is called a noun in apposition orplaced after.
Example: Joy, the girl with the curls, is my friend.
In this sentence, we call thegirlwith the curls = the appositive phrase
and girlthe appositive noun.
There are three things we need to remember about appositive nouns.
(1) The appositive adds something to the knowledge of the first noun.
(2) An appositive isparentheticalwhich means that it can be omittedwithout changingthe meaning of the sentence.
(3) Appositives are almost always set offby commas.
The exception occurs when there is a close relationship between the two nouns.
Example: The planet Saturn was visible last night.
Sometimes a pronoun comes before an appositive in a sentence.
Example: The man gave us [boys] a ride.
In this sentence, boys = an appositivereferring to the pronoun us.
WHAT TO DO!
Place [brackets] around the [appositive phrase] and underline the appositivenoun or pronoun.
Place commas ,,,, where they belong.
Example: Mr. Johnson,[a close friend of mine], drove me home.
Speaking -- A close friend of mineis an appositive phrase.
Friendis the appositive noun and refers to Mr. Johnson.
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~~ You try a few ~~
2. Jerry the boy with the college degree left early.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
3. Alice the girl with the brown eyes walked down the hall.
Speaking : __________________________________________________________
4. George a student of history studies hard.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
5. Rollo the clown looked funny.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
6. We boys wanted to go.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
7. Where is my scarf the wrap with red stripes.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
8. I like Joe a boy with a lot of character.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
9. Daniel a friend of mine likes skating very much.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
10. His hat the derby with the feather is lost.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
11. That is Jerry the boy on the left.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
12. He gave us girls the dolls.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
13. Bob Hall a great football player was seen at the stadium.
Speaking: ___________________________________________________________
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Special Note:
Situation - Fix. ~
Avoid the use of the word in formal writing or speaking.
Example: Formal ~~ He was in a difficultsituation.
Informal ~~ He was in a difficult fix.
Ad- Advertisement. ~ Avoid the use of ad in formal usage..
Example: Formal ~~ I placed an advertisement in the newspaper.
Informal ~~ I placed anadin the newspaper.
GentsGentlemen ~~ Avoid the use of the word gents in formal usage.
Example: Formal ~~ We saw several gentlemen there.
Informal ~~ We saw severalgentsthere.
WHAT TO DO!
Choose thecorrect form ~~ write ashort reason for your choice.
Example:
1. He was in an unusual situation. situation - fix
Reason: situation is formal usage.
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~~ You try a few ~~
2. We placed an ______________ in the paper. ad - advertisement
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
3. Will you ________ come here? gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
4. We walked like ____________. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
5. John saw an ___________for skates. ad - advertisement
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
6. The __________ rose and stood quietly. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
7. He was in a really difficult __________. situation - fix
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
8. I received a magazine with a full page___________. ad - advertisement
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
9. He was in the room with the______________. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
10. June clipped the __________from the paper. ad - advertisement
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
11. The __________came in and sat down. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
12. I met some strange __________on the bus. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
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13. The _________ called a taxicab for me. gents - gentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
14. Our _________ was really dangerous. situation - fix
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
15. The __________was quite attractive. ad - advertisement
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
16. The ladies and _____________walked down the street. gentsgentlemen
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
17. What a _________ we're in! situation - fix
Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.
!
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Part X
ErrorsAnd things
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Definition: Acontractionis made by omitting (cutting out)a letter orletters from a word and substituting it/them with an
apostrophe ().
Example: He's done his work. He's = a contraction ofhe has.
WHAT TO DO!
Write the correct Form in the blank +a short reason for your choice.
Example : She hasn't played all morning. hasnt - hasn't
Hasnt Reason: Hasn't = a contraction ofhas not.
~~ You try a few ~~
2. ___ your trunk. Its - It's
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
3.____ gone by that time. He'd - Hed________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
4._______run for two hours. Theyve -
They've
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
5.The girls _______ seen me yet. haven ' t - havent
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
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6.______ lain here all morning. Weve - We've
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
7.______ too slow for them. We're - Were
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
8.My book _____on the shelf. isnt - isn't
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
9._____ told us about it. He's - Hes
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
10.____ want that dress. Id - I'd
________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
11.______ leaving at noon. Theyre - Theyre
_________ Reason ~~ ___________________________________
12._____ seen that movie. I've - Ive
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
13.______ going with us. Youre - You're
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
14.He has told you about it, ______he? hasn't - hasnt
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
15.______ taking the train. Hes - He's
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
16.Jerry ______ say very much. doesnt - doesn't
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
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17.____ given him my book. I've - Ive
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
18.____ you going now? Arent - Aren't
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
19. I ____ tell you about it now. can't - cant
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
20.He _____ stop that noise. wont - won't
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
21.I ____ very hungry. ain't - am not
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
(Ain't is non-standard)
22.You can do it, ____ you? cant - can't
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
23.I would tell him, ______ you? wouldn't - wouldnt
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
24.He ______ my friend. isn't - ain't
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
How did you do?
!
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What do we know?We have learned that the principal forms of verbs
= the present, past, past participle, and present participle.
Review the forms listed below so that you are sure you know them.
PRESENT PAST PAST PRESENT
Today Yesterday PARTICIPLEI I I have I am
see saw seen seeingdo did done doing
throw threw thrown throwingride rode ridden riding
go went gone goingspeak spoke spoken speakingdrink drank drunk drinkingtake took taken taking
come came come coming
Use helpers like have, has, was, and had + the past participle.
Example : Hehas done his work.
Don't let the contraction confuse you.
Example : Hes done his work.
Special Note:
Do not use the auxiliaries or helpers with the past form.Example : I saw you.
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WHAT TO DO!
Write thecorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
Example : Shehas come with us each day. came - come
Reason: The helperhastells us to use the past participle form.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.Tom has the horse. rode - ridden
ridden Reason ~~ _________________________________________
3.We've with them. went - gone_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________
4.He has the horse. stolen - stole_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________
5.Mary has the milk. drank - drunk
_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________
6.I that picture. seen - saw
_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________
7.I've that picture. saw - seen
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
8.The boy his work. done - did
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
9.The student has his work well. did - done
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
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10.We the water. drank - drunk
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
11.He's to the child. spoke - spoken
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
12. I've that bicycle. rode - ridden
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
13.She's into the room. came - come
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
14.He has the bell. rangrung
_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________
How did you do?
!
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Note:
Do notuse the verb drownded. The correct spelling isdrowned.Example :The man drowned in the lake.
Useshould haveor should've instead ofshoulda or should of.
Special Note: A or of are nothelpers.Example :We should've gone with them.
Again, avoidthe use ofain'tin formal or informal usage. Use some other form.Example :I don't have any. ~~ I haven't any pencil.
In formal usage, avoidthe use ofbust or busted when you mean to break.Example :I broke the vase.
WHAT TO DO!
Write thecorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
Example: He drowned in the pool. drowneddrownded
drowned Reason. Drownded is incorrect spelling.
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~~ You try a few ~~
2.Joe ______ done that. shoulda - should've
should've Reason ~~__________________________________________
3.He __________ any pencil. ain't got - no-hasn't
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
4.I will _________ that glass. break - bust
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
5.Mary's cat ______ yesterday. drownded - drowned
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
6.They ______ hurt themselves. mighta - might've
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
7.I _____________ tried harder. could've - could of
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
8.Tom nearly __________ drowned - drownded
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
9.We _______ any paper. haven't - ain't got
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
10.Susan ___________ gone with us. might of - might've
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
11.Terry _________ his hat. ain't got - doesn't have
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
12.The men ____________ taken that boy. shoulda - should've
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
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13.I ___________ much energy. haven't - ain't got
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
14.Our teacher_________ failed me. mighta - might've
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
15.We ___________ listened to him. should of - should've
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
16.You _______ tired, are you? ain't - aren't
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
17.They could have on that thin ice. drowned - drownded
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
18.Jerry the window. brokebusted
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
19.The bag of water open. burst - busted
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
20.I alone. am not - ain't
_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________
How did you do?
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WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method + a short reason for your choice.
Sub = subject V-t = transitive verb DO = direct object
Example: Sub V-t DO
I will set a trap (for the mouse). sit - set
set Reason: Use set because trap is a direct object.
Speaking: I = the subject,will set = the verb
for the mouse = a prepositional phrase.Set is not linking, but it is transitive followed by trap, the direct object.
Use set because there is a direct object.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.The man has _____ his compass. set - sit
set Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3.Jean was ______ down. sitting - setting
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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4.The school nurse ______ the scales. set - sit
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5. He _____the book by the window. sit - set
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.Bob _____ by the tree. set - sat
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7.I was _____ in the chair. sitting - setting
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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8.She had ____ her purse down. sit - set
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
9.The boy _____ is alone. setting - sitting
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10.He will _____ there. sit - set
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
11.Will you _____ near me? sit - set
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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12.The girl has _____the vase by the door. set - sit
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
13.He was ________ down on the lawn. sitting - setting
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
14.Jane is ________ the flowers in the planter. sitting - setting
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
15.I ______ up for the first time. sat - set
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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16.They are _____ on their course. sit - set
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
17.They _____ the pencil there. setsit
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Note: sethas other meanings also. Look in your dictionary.
How did you do?
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Learn the principal forms ofrise and raise below.
PRESENT PAST PAST PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
rise rose risen rising
raise raised raised raising
Riseor any form of it = intransitiveand cannot take a direct object.
Example: The sun rises.
He rose at dawn.
The boy has risen.Tom is rising.
Raise or any form of it = transitiveand will take a direct object.
Example: I raise the box.
He raised the box.
She has raised the box.
I am raising the box.
Special Note: One raises animals and things but rears children.
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WHAT TO DO!
Write thecorrect word in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
Example: sub V-t DOI raised the box (from the floor) rose - raised
raised Reason -- Use raised because box = a direct object.
Speaking: I = the subject,
raised = the verb,
from the floor, a prepositional phrase.
Raise is not linking, but it is transitive followed by box, a direct object. Use raised
because box = the direct object.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.In the morning I _______ from bed raise - rise
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3.She _________ at ten o'clock. rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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4.He was _______ the axe. rising - raising
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5.She had _______ early. risen - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.The janitor _______ the flag. rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7.You should _____ now. rise - raise
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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8.We ___________ the cover off the can. rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
9.l am ______ early each day. raising - rising
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10. Tom __________ his band. rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
11.A bird ________ into the air. raised - rose
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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12.Jean has ______ from bed. risen - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
13.He is _______ the boat from the water. rising - raising
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
14.Doreen ____________ the flower pot. rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
15.The men______ . rose - raised
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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16.He ______ at dawn. raised - rose
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
How did you do?
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WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method.
Write the
Formal Usage in the
blank+ a short reason for your choice.
subsubject V-t = transitive verb DODirect Object Adv- Adverb
Example: sub V-t DO Adv
She lay the book there. lie - lay
lay Reason -- Use lay because there is a direct object book.
Speaking: She = the subject
lay = the verb.There is no prepositional phrase.
The verb is not linking,but it = transitive followed by book a direct object.
There is a where adverb.
Use lay because there is a direct object, book.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.We _____ his hat on the table yesterday. lay - laid
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3.I am ______ on the floor. laying - lying
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4.Tim had _______ there for an hour. laid - lain
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5.She has _______ her purse on the dresser. laid - lain
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.Tommy will ______ on the floor. lay - lie
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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7.We shall now _____ down. lie - lay
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8.He ______ the paper there last night. lay - laid
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
9.June _______ in bed until noon. laid - lay
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10.John _____ there by his coat. lay - laid
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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11.We were ____ in bed. lying - laying
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
12.Today Tom______ his fishing pole down. lay - laid
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
13.Mother ____ her hat by mine yesterday. laid - lay
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
How did you do?
!
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Note: These are 5 (five) couplets
Can ~~ May
Teach ~~ Learn
Bring ~~ Take
Let ~~ leave/Left
Accept ~~ Except
which are often confusing to people.
Can means able.Maymeans asking or receiving permission.
Example: I can open the door.May I leave the room? You may.
Teachmeans giving information
Learnmeans receiving information.
Example: He is teaching me about birds.I have learned about animals.
Bring or broughtmeans that the action = toward one.
Take or tookthat the action is away.
Example: Bring me that book.
He took the book home.
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Let means to allow.Leave or leftto depart or go away.
Example: She has let me do it. The boy will leave by himself.
Accept means to receive.Except to omit or excuse.
Example: She has accepted my gift. He was excepted from going.
WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method.
Write theCorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
Example: May I go with you? Can - May
May Reason -- Use may for permission. _____________________________
___________________________________________________
~~ You try a few ~~
2.I ______ life that rock easily. may - can
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3.She will ________ school next year. teach - learn
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4.The students ______ about foreign lands. taught - learned
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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5.Will you now _____ me to your teacher? bringtake
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
6._______ that pencil to me. Bring - Take
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7.Mother will ________ us in the house. leave - let
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
8.______ it alone. leave - let
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
9.The students have ______ the numbers. taught - learned
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
10.June______ my invitation. excepted - accepted
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
11.______ I leave the room? You _____ CAN - MAYcan - may______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
________ ___________________________________________________
12.He _____ me about it. learned - taught
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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13.Everyone went _______ me. accept - except
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
14.Will you _______ my gift? accept - except
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
15.I ______ him into the room. left - let
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
16.The boy ______ the book from his desk and gave it to his teacher. brought - took
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
17.He _____ work hard at times. can - may
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
18.They shall the facts. exceptaccept
______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
How did you do?
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, , .
Note:
Ought-- had ought
In formal usage, avoid had + ought.
Example:
Formal: I ought to go.
Non-standard: I had ought to go.
Avoid the use of disremember.Example:
Formal:I do not remember the place.
Non-standard: I disrememberthe place.
Also one may use forgot.Example: I forgot the place.
Got- has got
Although have got or has got is widely used, avoidhave+ gotsince they both mean the same thing,
and an expression likehave got = a redundancy,
or using more words than you need.
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Avoid the use of done in for cheated.Example:
Formal:I was cheated by him.
Non-standard: I was done in by him.
WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method.
Write thePreferred Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
Example: You oughtto do your lesson. ought - had ought
ought Reason -- I had ought is non-standard. ________________________________________________________________________
~~ You try a few ~~
2.I ________________his address. disremember - do not remember
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3.John _______ the pencil. has - has got
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4.The boys knew they_______ to get up. had ought - ought
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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5.She ___________________the answer. did not remember - disremembered
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
6.The problem boy _______ his just reward. got - has got
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7.We were______ by the grocer. cheated - done in
_____ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.They _______ the instructions. did not remember - disremembered
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
9.I ________ many pleasant memories. have got - have
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
10.You _____ to try harder. ought - had ought
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
11.John __________ to bring the lantern. disremembered - did not remember
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
12.They were ________ several times. done in - cheated
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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13.They _______ to learn that lesson. have - have got
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
14.His faults were easily_____________. disremembered - forgotten
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
15.We _________ the necessary points. have - have got
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
16. Jerry knew that he _______to leave soon. ought - had ought
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
17.I _______________ the facts of the case. do not remember - disremember
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
18.Tim my book. has - has got
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
19.She was __________at the store. cheated - done in
_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
How did you do?
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(THIRD PERSON)
Is=singularand requires a singular subject.
Are=pluraland requires aplural subject.
Example: She is my friend. They are my friends.
Was =singularand requires a singular subject.
Were =pluraland requires aplural subject..
Example: He was a man. They were too bold.
Does =singularand requires a singular subject.
Do=pluraland requires aplural subject.
Example: She does her work well. They do work every day.
Has=singularand requires a singular subject.
Have=pluraland requires aplural subject.
Example: It has green leaves. We have told you about it.
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Special Note:
Sings and othersverbs are usually singular; sing is plural.
Example: He sings at his work. They sing very well.
WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method.
Write theword in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
sub = subject V-t = transitive verb DO = direct object
Example: sub V-t DO
His dog hasbroken his leg. have-has
has Reason ~~ Use has which is singular because dog = singular.
Speaking: Dog = the subject; has broken = the verb. There are no prepositional phrases. The
verb is not linking, but it is transitive followed by leg, the direct object.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.Jack and Alice _____ well. sings - sing
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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3.The boys ____ their work well. does - do
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4.He _____ here for an hour. was - were
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5.They ____ small children. is - are
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.John _____ at home. plays - play
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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7.He ____ at the bridge. was - were
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8.Jim ____ three cars of his own. has - have
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
9.He and she ___ rope every day. jumps - jump
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10.Edward ____ with us this afternoon. were - was
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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11.Jack my youngest brother. are - is
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
12.We a new house. has - have
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
13.Bud _____ about your work. knows - know
_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
14.Jack _________ me flowers each morning. bring - brings
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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15.Bill ___ eaten his pie. has - have
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
16.They ____ about the accident. knows - know
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
17.The men ____ asked about us. hashave
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
!
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Note:Prepositional phrases often occur between the subject and the verb.
Do notconfuse the object of a preposition with the simple subject.
sub = subject LV = linked verb PN = Predicate Noun
sub LV PN
Example: One (of the boys) is my brother.
Reason - Use is which = singular, because the subject = singular.
Speaking - boys, the object the preposition of, does not determine whether the
verb = singular or plural.
Special Note: Sometimes there will be more than one prepositional phrase betweenthe subject and the verb.
sub = subject VIindependent verb
sub VI
Example: A pencil (of mine) (with an eraser) was taken from my desk.
Reason - Use was which = singular because the simple subject pencil =singular.
WHAT TO DO!
Apply your method.
Write theCorrect verb in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.
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sub LV PN
1. The boy (between us) was Jim. waswere
__was__ ReasonUse was which = singular because boy = singular.
Speaking - was which is singular because boy is singular. boy = the subject; was = the
verb. between us = a prepositional phrase. was = linking verb, followed
by Jim, a predicate noun.
~~ You try a few ~~
2.Several of them ____in the room. was - were
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3.The man with the pictures of the accident _____ Joe. was - were
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. The boy in the car ___ a new hat. has - have
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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5.Stories of adventure ___ thrill me. does - do
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6.The book about them ______ placed on the shelf. was - were
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7.A movie about patriots ____ shown. werewas
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8.The girl with the boys ____ well. play - plays
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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9.A pencil of mine ______ on the desk. stand - stands
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10.Our part in these plays of yours _____ good reading. make - makes
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
11.Many of them not true. Is - are
_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
12.Few of the children in the room candy. wants - want_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Speaking: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________