Dr. O.O. Bello Gynaecology, University College Hospital

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Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 33 (1), April 2016

Corresponding author: Dr. O.O. Bello

Urogynaecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and

Gynaecology, University College Hospital, PMB

5116, Ibadan, Nigeria.

E mail: [email protected]

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REFERENCES

1. Artz LA, Kempf VAJ, Autenrieth IB. Rapid

screening for Streptococcus agalactiae in

vaginal specimens of pregnant women by

fluorescent in situ hybridization. J

ClinMicrobiol. 2003; 41(5): 2170–2173.

2. Weisner, AM, Johnson AP, Lamagni TL.et al.

Characterization of group B Streptococci

recovered from infants with invasive disease

in England and Wales. Clinical Infectious

Diseases. 2004; 38: 1203-1208.

3. Regan JA, Klebanoff MA, Nugent RP. The

epidemiology of group B streptococcal

colonization in pregnancy. Vaginal Infections

a n d P r e m a t u r i t y S t u d y G r o u p .

ObstetGynecol 1991;77:604–610.

4. K o v a v i s a r a c h E , S a - a d y i n g W,

Kanjanahareutai S. Comparison of combined

vaginal-anorectal, vaginal and anorectal

cultures in detecting of group B streptococci

in pregnant women in labour. J Med Assoc

Thai [Chotmaihetthangphaet] 2007;

90:1710-1714.

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Perinatal group B streptococcal disease after

u n i v e r s a l s c r e e n i n g

recommendations—United States, 2003-

2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.

2007;56(28):701-705

6. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory

Standards NCCLS Performance Standards

Table 1: Associations between GBS Status and

Demographic Characteristics of Study

Participants

Variable GBS +VE

Number (%)

GBS –VE

Number (%)

TOTAL

Number (%)

X2 P value

Age (years)

<25

26-30

31-35

36+

1 (6.2)

7 (7.8)

10 (11.4)

5 (11.9)

15 (93.8)

83 (92.2)

78 (88.6)

37 (88.1)

16 (100)

90 (100)

88 (100)

42 (100)

1.103 0.776

Marital status

Married

Others

23 (9.7)

0 (0)

213(90.3)

4 (100)

236(100)

4 (100)

0.431 1.000

Level of education

Secondary and less

Tertiary

0 (0)

23 (11.7)

44 (100)

173(88.3)

44 (100)

196(100)

5.711 0.010

Occupation

None

Semiskilled

Skilled

Professional

4 (18.2)

5 (5.5)

8 (11.0)

6 (11.1)

18 (81.8)

86(94.5)

65 (89.0)

48 (88.9)

22(100)

91(100)

73 (100)

54 (100)

4.372 0.358

GBS – Group B Streptococcus


Obstetric Factors

RISK FACTORS FOR GBS GBS + VE

Number (%)

GBS – VE

Number (%)

TOTAL

Number (%)

X2 P value

Gestational Age

35 – 37 weeks

>37 – 40 weeks

10 (9.1)

13(10.0)

100(90.9)

117(90.0)

110(100)

130(100)

0.057 0.082

Previous preterm birth

Yes

No

5 (26.3)

18 (8.1)

14 (73.7)

203(91.9)

19 (100)

221(100)

6.667 0.010

Previous infant with neonatal

infection

Yes

No

1 (10.0)

22 (9.6)

9 (90.0)

208(90.4)

10(100)

230(100)

0.002 0.964

Preterm labour

Yes

No

2 (25.0)

21 (9.1)

6

(75.0)

210(90.9)

8 (100)

231(100)

2.250 0.134

History of abnormal vaginal

discharge

Yes

No

4 (33.3)

19 (8.3)

8 (66.7)

209(91.7)

12 (100)

228(100)

8.223 0.004

Preterm premature rupture

of membranes

Yes

No

2 (40.0)

21(9.0)

3 (60.0)

213(91.0)

5 (100)

234(100)

5.418 0.020

HIV status

+VE

-VE

4 (14.3)

19 (9.0)

24 (85.7)

193(91.0)

28 (100)

212(100)

0.809 0.368

Parity

Primigravida

Multigravida

5(7.7)

18(10.3)

60(92.3)

157(89.7)

65(100)

175(100)

0.368 0.544

GBS – Group B streptococcus; HIV – Human immunodeficiency virus


Maternal Outcome

Maternal

Outcome

GBS +VE

Number (%)

GBS-VE

Number (%)

TOTAL

Number (%)

X2 P value

Type of delivery

Vaginal

Caesarean

14 (10.3)

9 (11.4)

122(89.7)

70 (88.6)

136 (100)

79 (100) 0.063 0.802

Intrapartum Fever

Yes

No 5 (45.5)

18 (7.9) 6 (54.5)

210(92.1) 11 (100)

228 (100) 17.021 <0.001

GBS –Group B Streptococcus

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12. Okon KO, Usman H, Umar Z and Balogun

ST. Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus

colonization among pregnant women

attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary

hospital in Northeastern Nigeria. Am J Res

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13. Schuchat A, Deaver-Robinson K, Plikaytis

BD, et al. Multistate case-control study of

maternal risk factors for neonatal group B

s t reptococcal d isease . The Act ive

Surveillance Study Group. Pediatr Infect Dis

J 1994; 13:623-629.

14. Agricola J, Mecky I, Furaha A and Eliguis F;

Maternal and Neonatal colonization of Group

B Streptococcus at Muhimbili National

Hospital in Dar es Salam, Tanzania;

Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial

resistance. BMC Public health 2009, 9:437.

15. Apgar BS, Greenberg G, Yen G. "Prevention

of group B streptococcal disease in the

newborn". American Family Physician 2005;

71 (5):903–910.

16. Allen U, Nimrod C, Mac Donald N, et al.

Marchessault; Relationship between

antenatal Group B Streptococcus vaginal

colonization and premature labour. Paediatr

Child Health 1999; 4(7);465-469.

for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:

Twelfth Informational Supplement: M100-

S12 (2002) M2-A7 and M7-A5. Wayne, PA:

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory

Standards; 2002.

7. Nsagha DS, Bello CSS and Kahdakai-

Olukemi YT. Maternal Carriage in

pregnancy of Group B Streptococcus in Jos;

Relation of endocervical and anorectal

colonization. Nig Qt. J. Hosp. Med 1997;Vol

7(1) Jan-Mar:53-56.

8. Uhiara, J.E. Group B Streptococcal carriage

among parturients and their neonates in

Zaria, Nigeria. Afr. J. Med. 1993 Sci.

22(3):79-83.

9. Onipede A, Adefusi O, Adeyemi A, et al.

Group B Streptococcus carriage during

late pregnancy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.Afr .J.

Cln. Exper. Microbiol. 2012;13(3): 135-143.

10. Dzowela T, Komolafe OO, Igbigbi A.

Prevalence of Group B Strepococcus

colonization in antenatal women at the

Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre-

A preliminary Study. Malawi Medical

Journal 2005; 17 (3): 97-99.

11. Nwachukwu N, Utsalo S, Ikan and Anyanwu

E. Genital Colonization of Group B

Streptococcus at term pregnancy in Calabar,

Nigeria. Internet Journal of Paediatrics and

Neonatology, 2006, Volume 7 Number 2.

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Dr. O.O. Bello Gynaecology, University College Hospital