Name: ____________________________________ Date: ___________________Global History & Geography 9 Midterm Review Sheet

Global History & Geography Skills

VOCABULARY

1. Primary Source

2. Secondary Source

3. Decade

4. Century

5. Millennium

6. Age/Era

7. Ethnocentrism

8. Stereotype

9. Cultural Diffusion

A. a period of ten (10) yearsB. a broad zone of timeC. derived from primary sources by

people who were not present at the original event; they are written after the event. (ex: a textbook)

D. a period of one-thousand (1000) years

E. the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

F. the belief that one’s own group, culture, or ethnicity is superior to others

G. written or created by people who lived during a historical event. (ex: a letter or diary)

H. a widely accepted belief about a group of people that is not always accurate

I. a period of one-hundred (100) years

THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

Geography – the study of people, their ___________________, and the resources available to them. Examines features of the globe such as ________________ and __________________ (helps shape human cultures).

Religion – an organized system of ____________ that generally seeks to understand purpose, meaning, goals, and methods of __________________ things. Belief in supernatural powers that control destiny.

Anthropology – the study of the origins and development of people and their societies. A branch studies ________________, the way of life practiced by a group of people.

Archaeology – the study of past people and cultures; search for and analyze ___________________ ____________________ (artifacts).

Political Science – the study of power and decision making, _____________ ________________ and institutions, law, international relations and human rights, and _____________________ (national, regional, and local level).

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Economics – the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of _____________ and __________________.

Sociology – the study of peoples’ interactions in ______________; their social behavior.

READING AND INTERPRETING MAPS

Physical Map Political Map Topographic Map Latitude (horizontal)

Equator Longitude (vertical) Prime Meridian Hemisphere

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. • Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan.• India borders Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh.• Most of China’s major cities are in the eastern part of the country.

Which type of map would be most helpful in verifying all this information?1. political 2. land use

3. climate 4. population density

2. • Keeping field notes from excavation sites• Analyzing radiocarbon dating test results• Examining and cataloging artifacts

Which social scientist directly engages in these activities?a. political scientist b. historian

c. archaeologist d. sociologist

3. Knowing the latitude of a location would be most helpful in determininga. language b. population

c. temperature d. time

4. Which statement is NOT an example of cultural diffusion?a. Venezuela has large reserves

of oilb. Young people dance to rock

& roll music in Russia

c. People eat McDonald’s in Madrid, Spain

d. The practicing of Islam in Nigeria

5. Geneticists are tracing the movements of people in prehistoric Europe using our DNA as a time machine. . . .

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— Joe Palca, “Tracing Human Migration Through DNA,” NPR Weekend Edition Saturday, August 11, 2007

This passage suggests that modern science can be used toa. aid historical analysisb. show the development of

a point of view

c. explain ancient medical practices

d. predict future events

Pre-History & Early Humans

Characteristics of Culture1. It is LEARNED2. It is SHARED3. It CHANGES OVER TIME

Define culture in your own words:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Hunting and gathering AGRICULTURE (farming)

1. hunter-gatherers - ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. nomads - _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age) NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age)

Characteristics of civilizations (or the eight features):

1. ________________________________________

2. ________________________________________

3. ________________________________________

4. ________________________________________

5. ________________________________________

6. ________________________________________

7. ________________________________________

8. ________________________________________

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Which statement about the Neolithic Revolution is an opinion rather than a fact?a. Early peoples made greater cultural advancements than did people of later

civilizations.b. The Neolithic Revolution resulted in changes for nomadic peoples.c. New technology was developed during the Neolithic Revolution.d. Agricultural developments resulted in the establishment of permanent

settlements.

2. The Neolithic Revolution is often considered a turning point in history becausea. city dwellers learned to control fireb. societies became more nomadicc. nuclear families evolved into extended familiesd. permanent settlements developed in river valleys

3.

At the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution, the most direct impact of these developments was on

a. Transportation and tradeb. Religion and government

c. Diet and shelterd. Climate and topography

Early River Valley Civilizations

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Planting wheat and barley Domesticating animals Establishing permanent homes and villages

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1.• If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand.• If a seignior has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye.• If he has broken another seignior’s bone, they shall break his bone.

Which document contains these statements?a. Ten Commandmentsb. Code of Hammurabi

c. Edicts of Asokad. Twelve Tables

2. Which geographic feature has helped isolate China?a. Andes Mountainsb. Kalahari Desert

c. Himalaya Mountainsd. Great Rift Valley

3. The development of which early civilization was influenced most directly by the Tigris River, the Zagros Mountains, and the Syrian Desert?

a. Chineseb. Maya

c. Egyptiand. Mesopotamian

4. Which geographic factor affected the development of the Gupta Empire?a. Volcanoesb. Permafrost

c. Monsoonsd. Island location

5. Which name identifies the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

a. Cape of Good Hopeb. Sinai Peninsula

c. Mesopotamiad. Horn of Africa

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Belief Systems

Nature Worship

1. _______________________ - originated in Africa; believed to be one of the world’s first belief systems. Worships spirits in nature.

2. _______________________- the official religion of Japan for centuries until World War II

Ideas of Rebirth HINDUISM BUDDHISMIndian Subcontinent Region India/ Southeast

Asia

None Founder

Holy Book No one text

Key Beliefs

The goal is to achieve

Reaching Enlightenment

Social Influence

Reject Caste System, monks, monasteries

Both Buddhism and Hinduism

share ideas about

_____________________, the

belief that the soul is reborn

continuously until it reaches

perfect understanding (the

meaning of life).

Chinese Ethical Systems

Confucius – Founder of _________________________

Ruler Subject

Father ____________________

___________________ Wife

___________________ Younger Brother

Friend Friend

Laozi – Founder of _____________________

__________________________ - Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government with strict laws and harsh punishments is the key to social order.

The Monotheistic Religions

The Golden Rule“Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.”

Importance of Family “The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.”

____________ __________Respect for parents and ancestors

FIVE RELATIONSHIPS

HARMONY NATURE

_______________________________ - the largest religion in the world, in terms of

followers. It is based on the life and teachings of its founder ______________

_________________ believed to be the son of God.

_______________

________ –

The Sacred

Text of

Christianity

Christians believe that they reach salvation by following the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Judaism is the religion of more than 14 million Jews around the world. It was the first major

religion to teach the existence of only one god; this is called ________________________.

Hol

y

Bo

ok

__________________

Islam is a religion based on the teaching of its founder, the prophet __________________.

FASTING

ALMS

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM-The Holy Book of Islam is known as the __________________.

-Mosque: ________________________________________________

Classical Civilizations

…We give our obedience to those whom we put in positions of authority, and we obey the laws themselves, especially those which are for the protection of the oppressed, and those unwritten laws

which it is an acknowledged shame to break.…— Pericles, quoted in History of the

Peloponnesian War

1. In this quotation, Pericles is praising Atheniana. Civic valuesb. Artistic creativity

c. Military strengthsd. Commercial success

2. Which geographic feature most directly influenced the development of Greek city-states?a. Desertsb. Vast plains

c. Mountainous terraind. Monsoons

3. Which statement represents characteristics of a democracy?a. Religious leaders control government policyb. Citizens are the source of power in governmentc. The government limits the thoughts and actions of the peopled. The laws of the government are made by influential military people

4. How did the geography of the Italian peninsula influence the development of the Roman Empire?

a. The unnavigable rivers in the northern part of the peninsula protected the Romans form their neighbors.

b. The harsh climate prevented agricultural production on the Italian peninsulac. The lengthy, rugged seacoast encouraged frequent invasions of the Italian

peninsulad. The location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean

region

5. Which description accurately identifies Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?a. Rulers of the Roman

Republicb. Artists of the Italian

Renaissance

c. Religious leaders of the Protestant Reformation

d. Philosophers of ancient Greece

6. One way in which the Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code are similar is that each

a. Legalized monotheistic beliefsb. Established legal standardsc. Provided records of economic activityd. Supported republican governments

7. What effect did the geography of ancient Greece have on its early development?a. The mountainous terrain led to the creations of independent city-statesb. A lack of natural seaports limited communicationc. An inland location hindered trade and colonizationd. Abundant natural resources encouraged self-sufficiency

8. One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development ofa. The concept of zerob. The process of making milk

c. A republican form of government

d. The printing press

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the map below and on your knowledge of Social Studies.

9. Which statement is best supported by the information on this map?a. The Roman Empire extended over three continentsb. Rivers kept invaders out of the Roman Empirec. Alexandria served as the eastern capital of the Roman Empired. Carthage was eventually destroyed y the Romans

10. Based on the information provided by this map, which body of water was most likely the center of Roman trade?

a. Red Seab. Atlantic Ocean

c. Black Sead. Mediterranean Sea

11. Which statement most likely represents the view of a citizen of ancient Athens visiting Sparta?

a. “I feel as though I have never left home. Everything here is the same as it is in Athens.”

b. This society allows for more freedom of expression than I have ever experienced in Athens.”

c. “The government and society in Sparta are so strict. The people have little voice in government.”

d. “I have never heard of a society like Sparta that believes in only one God.”12. Which Greek city-state was most closely associated with the ideas of democratic

government?a. Spartab. Knossos

c. Athens d. Olympia

Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the illustration and on your knowledge of Social Studies.

13. Which concept is most closely related to the main idea of the illustration?a. Isolationb. Armed conflict

c. Cultural diffusiond. Urbanization

14. Which leader is most closely associated with the accomplishment shown by the illustration?

a. Charlemagneb. Mansa Musa

c. Alexander the Greatd. Suleiman the Magnificent

15. The Pax Romana was a period of a. War and conflict b. Chaos and destruction

c. Political turmoil d. Peace and prosperity

16. The immediate cause of the fall of the Roman Empire was thea. Lack of patriotism b. Decline in political awarenessc. Invasions by barbarians such as the Huns and other Germanic tribesd. Death of Julius Caesar

17. In comparison of the ancient city-states of Athens and Sparta, Sparta placed more emphasis on

a. Military serviceb. Human rights

c. Educationd. Family order

18. One effect of rugged, mountainous geography on the civilization of ancient Greece was the development of

a. Belief in one Godb. Extensive trade with the

Persians

c. Absolute monarchiesd. Separate, independent city-

states

19. One major engineering achievement of the Roman Empire wasa. The suspension bridgeb. An extensive network of

roads

c. The steam engined. None of the above

20. Major contributions of the Roman Empire to Western Civilization have been in the areas of

a. Textile productionb. Law and government

c. Maritime navigationd. None of the above

Use the word bank below to complete the blanks:

1. The most famous Mauryan emperor was

______________________________.

2. The official religion of the Mauryan Empire was

________________________.

3. Accomplishments of the Gupta are the _______________________ language and the

concept of _____________________.

4. The Han Dynasty developed a civil service system also called a

________________________________.

5. Major achievements of the Han Dynasty were the inventions of ____________________

and ____________________, the trade routes called the __________________________

and an extensive system of ____________________ much like the Roman Empire.

6. The Silk Road allowed the movement of goods between ________________________

and the __________________________.

7. The dominant belief system of the Han

Dynasty was

___________________________.

WORD BANK

paper Asoka ConfucianismAsia bureaucracy Buddhismzero gunpowder SanskritSilk Road Europe roads

The Middle Ages

3. Explain how the manor worked ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the related economic system called? _________________________________

5. Explain the feudal class system and how it worked - ___________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Feudalism as a political system is characterized by a lack of

__________________________________________ government.

7. The church was the most ___________________________ and well

_____________________________________ institution during the Middle Ages. It provided

__________________________________ and ____________________________________.

8. List some positive consequences of the Crusades:

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________