Down Beat 1957 - Intervista Gil Evans

7/24/2019 Down Beat 1957 - Intervista Gil Evans

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DOWN BEAT 5/2/1957

THE BIRTH OF THE COOL by Gil Evans

Fra i a!!is"i# $ar"i%&lar'(n"( )ra i '*si%is"i %&'$&si"&ri# Gil Evans + s"ra&r,inaria'(n"( a''ira"&-

.(r il 'i& 0*s" ,i%( il(s Davis# .+ il 'i0li&r(- N&n 3& s(n"i"& n*lla %3( 'i abbia %&l$i"& in'&,& %&s4 %&s"an"( %&'( 3a )a""& l*i ,a *an,& 3& s(n"i"& $(r la $ri'a v&l"a C3arli( ar6(r-

In %&in%i,(n!a %&l r(%(n"( &'a00i& ,i il(s# la Ca$i"&l 3a rilas%ia"& $&%3( s(""i'an( )a la $ri'a%&ll(!i&n( %&'$l("a ,i *(ll( sides,(l 89 5: ,(l 0r*$$& ,i il(s %3( avr(bb(r& in)l*(n!a"&$r&)&n,a'(n"( *na i'$&r"an"( ,ir(!i&n( ,(l a!! ,a %a'(ra '&,(rn& Bir"3 &) "3( C&&l-

Evans )* )&rs( il $rin%i$al( (l('(n"& ,i s)&n,& n(l )ar s4 %3( *(s"( r(0is"ra!i&ni si r(ali!!ass(r (s%riss( 0li arran0ia'(n"i $(rMoon Dreams( Boplicity-

Boplicity+ $r(s(n"a"a %&'( &$(ra ,i Cl(& H(nry# *n& $s(*,&ni'& $(r Davis# %3( s%riss( la '(l&,ia

s*lla *al( Evans (lab&r; larran0ia'(n"& $(r il 0r*$$&- Boplicity# s&s"i(n( An,r< H&l,(r in Jazz:Its Evolution and Essence# .+ s*))i%i(n"( a *ali)i%ar( Gil Evans %&'( *n& ,(i $i= 0ran,iarran0ia"&ri %&'$&si"&ri a!!-

al0ra,& *(s"( (, al"r( 'ani)(s"a!i&ni ,i s"i'a a, &$(ra ,i si0ni)i%a"iv( )i0*r( ,(l a!!# Evans +s&l& *n n&'( $(r '&l"i as%&l"a"&ri ,i a!!- N(0li *l"i'i anni# 3a s%ri""& r(la"iva'(n"( $&%& n(l%a'$& ,(l a!!> 'a la s*a in)l*(n!a s*lla s%ri""*ra '&,(rna ,i a!! a""rav(rs& l())(""& ,(l s*& lav&r&$(r l&r%3(s"ra ,i T3&rnill ,(0li anni 8: ( $(r l( sides,i Davis + ri'as"& ,*r(v&l(-

.N&n '&l"( $(rs&n( 3ann& ,avv(r& as%&l"a"& Gil# s$i(0a G(rry *lli0an- .?*(lli %3( l3ann& )a""*(lli %3( s&n& $assa"i $(r la ban, ,i T3&rn3ill# n( )*r&n& "r('(n,a'(n"( in)l*(n!a"i# ( a l&r& v&l"ain)l*(n!ar&n& al"ri-

Gil a,(ss& 3a ,(%is& ,i "&rnar( a *na $ar"(%i$a!i&n( $i= a""iva n(l a!! ( s"a s%riv(n,& "*""i 0liarran0ia'(n"i $(r *n L ,i *na bi0 ban, ,i Davis $(r la C&l*'bia ,a r(0is"rarsi alla )in( ,i A$ril(-@ an%3( 'a00i&r'(n"( in"(r(ssa"& a %r(ar( 'a"(rial( &ri0inal(# *nar(a %3( av(va $(r l& $i= (vi"a"&)in&ra-

Evans an%&ra *na v&l"a + a *n '&'(n"& ,i $assa00i& n(lla s*a %arri(ra-

Na"& %&'( Ian Gil'&*r( Gr((n a T&r&n"& in Cana,a il 1 'a00i& 1912# $r(s( il %&0n&'( ,(l

$a"ri0n&- Gil + a*"&,i,a""a ( ,i%(# .H& s('$r( i'$ara"& a""rav(rs& la $ra"i%a- N&n 3& i'$ara"& n*lla,i "(&ria (%%(""& %3( "ra'i"( l*s& $ra"i%& ,(lla s"(ssa> ( in)a""i 3& ini!ia"& %&n la '*si%a %&n *n$i%%&l& 0r*$$& %3( $&"(va (s(0*ir( la '*si%a n&n a$$(na la s%riv(v&-

Evans $ri'a i'$ar; '*si%a a""rav(rs& il a!! ( i ,is%3i )a'&si ( l( "ras'issi&ni ra,i& ,(i 0r*$$i-N&n av(n,& *n r("r&"(rra %*l"*ral( E*r&$(& n(ll& s"*,i& n< n(llas%&l" %&s"r*4 il s*& s"il(in"(ra'(n"( s*l s*& a$$r&%i& $ra0'a"i%& al a!! ( al $&$-

Il s*&n& ,i $(r s< (ra la s*a $ri'a '&"iva!i&n(- . ri'a %3( av(ssi 'ai %&ll(0a"& i s*&ni all( n&"(n(lla 'ia "(s"a# il s*&n& 'i a""ra(va# ,i%(- .?*an,& (r& *n ba'bin $&"(v& ,ir( %3( "i$& ,i a*"&s"ava arrivan,& 0ira"& ,i s$all(-

i= "ar,i# .)* il s*&n& ,(lla "r&'ba ,i L&*is# l( $(rs&n( n(i 0r*$$i ,i R(, Ni%3&ls %&'( a%6T(a0ar,(n ( B(nny G&&,'an# l&r%3(s"ra ,i D*6(# i %inn(y C&""&n i%6(rs# D&n R(,'an- L(


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r(0is"ra!i&ni $(r la Br*nsi%6 ,i R(,'an ,&vr(bb(r& (ss(r( ris"a'$a"(- Il 0r*$$& sin0ava# 'aan%3( i v&i%in0 0li ,avan& *n s*&n& %&'$a""&- Er& an%3( in"(r(ssa"& ai 0r*$$i $&$- C&'( la$$r&%i&,(lla Casa L&'a all( balla,- G(n( Gi))&r, arrangiatore dell'orchestra, ndr)s*,,ivi,(va 0lis"r*'(n"i %&n '&l"a $i= i''a0ina!i&n( ,i *an"& )&ss( %&ns*("& all($&%a-

Gil ,ir(ss( la s*a $r&$ria &r%3(s"ra a "&%6"&n in Cali)&rnia# ,al 19 al 19# s*&nan,& $ian&)&r"(

ri"'i%& ,i a%%&'$a0na'(n"& ( s%riv(n,& *n libr& ,i %an!&ni $&$ ( al%*ni brani a!!- ?*an,& il0r*$$& )* ril(va"& ,a 6innay Ennis# Gil ri'as( %&'( arran0ia"&r( )in& al 1981-

."av& an%3( %&'in%ian,& a, (ss(r( in"r&,&""& n(l '&n,& ,(ll& s$(""a%&l& ( n(l a'bi"&%&''(r%ial( ,(llin"ra""(ni'(n" ri%&r,a Evans- .*&nava'& $(r l( ra$$r(s(n"a!i&ni la ,&'(ni%an&""( al i%"&r H*0& ,i B(v(rly Hills# ( l&$$&r"*ni" ,i s%riv(r( $(r 0li s$(""a%&li ,i va*,(vill( 'ia$r4 *na *l"(ri&r( vis*al(-

T3&rn3ill si (ra a s*a v&l"a *ni"& all& s"a)) ,i arran0ia"&ri ,i Ennis# ( i ,*( s%riss(r& $(r l& s$(""a%&l&ra,i&)&ni%& ,i B&b H&$( *an,& l&r%3(s"ra ,i Ennis n( )(%( $ar"(- L(s$(ri(n!a in ra,i& )&rn4 a,Evans *n(s$(ri(n!a $i= $ra0'a"i%a in *n *l"(ri&r( '(!!& ,i %&'*ni%a!i&n(-

.Gi all&ra# Evans ri%&r,a# .Cla*,( av(va *n& s"il( *ni%& )ra l( &r%3(s"r( ,a ball&- Jsava i"r&'b&ni# $(r (s('$i %&n in l(0ni in *na 'ani(ra %3( ,ava l&r& *n s*&n& ,i %&rni-

N(l 199# Cla*,( ,(%is( ,i )&r'ar( la s*a $r&$ria &r%3(s"ra- Evans ra%%&'an,; l&r%3(s"ra $(r *nas"a0i&n( (s"iva al Balb&a# ( n&"; %3( Cla*,( s"ava svil*$$an,& il $r&$ri& s*&n *n s*&n& basa"& s*i)ia"i %3( s*&navan& s(n!a vibra"& (%%(""& in $*n"i s$(%i)i%i in %*i T3&rn3ill l& in,i%ava(s$li%i"a'(n"( a )ini (s$r(ssivi-

.(ns a00i*n0( Gil# .%3( )* il $ri'& )ra l( &r%3(s"r( $&$ & a!! a svil*$$ar( *(l s*&n&-?*al%*n& *na v&l"a ,iss(# $(r in%is %3( Cla*,( (ra l*ni%& *&'& a $&"(r s*&nar( il $ian& s(n!avibra"&-

.L&r%3(s"ra ,i G&&,'an %&n"in*a Evans# .(ra s('$r( '&l"& a$$r(!!a"a ,ai '*si%is"i- L& s"il(,(ll&r%3(s"ra ,i B(nny G&&,'an s"ava ini!ian,& a s"*)ar( ( av(va $r(s& a, (ss(r( %&''(r%ial(-(rs(0*i"ai Cla*,( )in%3< n&n 'i ass*ns( %&'( arran0ia"&r( n(l 1981- i ,iv(r"ii '&l" ( %&s4 i'*si%is"i-

.Il s*&n& ,(l 0r*$$& n&n li'i"ava n(%(ssaria'(n"( i s&lis"i# )a n&"ar( Gil- .&l"i ,(i s*&i s&lis"iav(van& *n& s"il( $(rs&nal(- Il s*&n& ,(l 0r*$$& $*; av(r %al'a"& la"'&s)(ra '*si%al( 0(n(ral(#'a %i; r(n,(va "*""i '&l"& rilassa"i-

Evans %&n"in*a a, (sa'inar( il s*&n& ,i T3&rn3ill $i= in ,(""a0li&K .An%3( $ri'a %3( Cla*,(a00i*n0(ss( i %&rni )ran%(si# il 0r*$$& ini!i; a s*&nar( %&'( *n 0r*$$& ,i %&rni )ran%(si- I "r&'b&ni( l( "r&'b( ini!iar&n& a, ass*'(r( *(l %ara""(r(# ini!iar&n& a s*&nar( %&n l( s&r,in( a %a$$(ll& (s(n!a vibra"&-

.Cla*,( a00i*ns( i %&rni )ran%(si n(l 1981- Av(va s%ri""& *n &bbli0a"& $(r %&rni in *n s&l& ,i Fa!&la$(r s"*$ir( Fa"s- Fa!&la sal4 $(r s*&nar(> Cla*,( )(%( s(0n& ai %&rni )ran%(si ,allal"r& la"& ,(llas"an!a ,i salir( s*l $al%&> ( *(ll& )* il '&'(n"& in %*i Fa!&la s($$( %3( sar(bb(r& s"a"i a00i*n"i al0r*$$&-

.Cla*,( )* il $ri'& ,ir(""&r( a, *"ili!!ar( i %&rni )ran%(si %&'( %&'$&n(n"i )*n!i&nali ,i*n&r%3(s"ra ,a ball&- ?*(l s*&n& ,is"an"(# a''alian"(# s(n!a vibra"& in!i; a, (ss(r( a'al0a'a"&%&n l( s(!i&ni ,i an%( (, &""&ni in vari( %&'bina!i&ni-


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.?*an,& s(n"ii $(r la $ri'a v&l"a l&r%3(s"ra ,i T3&rn3ill# %&n"in*a Gil# .s*&nava# in r(la!i&n( air(0is"ri in %*i s*&navan& l( s(!i&ni# *n $& %&'( l&r%3(s"ra ,i Gl(nn ill(r# 'a ,iv(n"; s*bi"&%3iar& %3( lass(n!a ,i vibra"& v&l*"a ,a Cla*,( ri%3i(,(va %3( i r(0is"ri )&ss(r& abbassa"i- In r(al" #il r(0is"r& na"*ral( ,(l %&rn& )ran%(s( 3a %&n"rib*i"& a %a*sar( labbassa'(n"& ,(i r(0is"ri- Ina00i*n"a# s$(ri'(n"av& r(0&lar'(n"( varian,& %&'bina!i&ni ( in"(nsi" ,(0li s"r*'(n"i %3( si"r&vavan& n(ll& s"(ss& r(0is"r&-

Jn voicing%ara""(ris"i%& $(r l&r%3(s"ra ,i T3&rn3ill (ra *(ll& *"ili!!a"& s$(ss& n(ll( balla,- C(ra*n %&rn& )ran%(s( %3( s*&nava la lin(a $rin%i$al(# *n& & a v&l"( ,*( %&rni )ran%(si %3( s*&navan&all*nis&n& & a ,*( v&%i a s(%&n,a ,(l %ara""(r( ,(lla '(l&,ia- Il %larin(""& ,&$$iava la '(l&,ia#s*&nan,& an%3(ss& la lin(a $rin%i$al(- &""& %(ran& ,*( al"i# *n "(n&r(# ( *n bari"&n & ,*( al"i (,*( "(n&ri- La v&%( in)(ri&r( (ra 0(n(ral'(n"( il ra,,&$$i& ,(lla lin(a $rin%i$al( ,a $ar"( ,(lbari"&n& & ,(l "(n&r(- La s(!i&n( ,(ll( an%( a v&l"( s%(n,(va '&l"& in bass& %&n i sass&)&ni )&r!a"ia, *sar( *n s*&n& s&))ia"& ( '&l"& '&rbi,&-

.In s&s"an!a# %3iaris%( Evans# .allini!i& il s*&n& ,(l 0r*$$& (ra *asi *na ri,*!i&n( alli''&bili",(lla '*si%a# v(rs& *na *i("(- T*""& '(l&,ia# ar'&nia# ri"'& si '*&v(va alla 'ini'a v(l&%i"-

La '(l&,ia (ra '&l"& l(n"a# s"a"i%a> il ri"'& n&n (ra 'ai $i= v(l&%( ,(i *ar"i ( *n 'ini'& ,isin%&$a"&- T*""& (ra ,i'in*i"& $(r %r(ar( *n n*&v& s*&n ( ni(n"( %3( ,is"ra(ss( ,a *(s"& s*&n&,&v(va (ss(r( *"ili!!a"&- Il s*&n& r(s"ava s&s$(s& %&'( *na n*v&la-

.D(v& a00i*n00(r(# in%i,(n"al'(n"(# %3( (ra ,(si,(ri& ,i Cla*,( (vi"ar( a""ivi" n&n n(%(ssari(%&'$r(sa la %&rr(!i&n( ,(0li (rr&ri- i ,is%*"(va $&%3issi'& s*lla '*si%a- O,iava %&rr(00(r( *n(rr&r(- .Tr&va"(l& ,a s&l (ra la s*a '(n"ali"- ( *n '*si%is"a (ra )*&ri "&n Cla*,( s*&nava lan&"a ,(l "i!i& '(n"r( s*&nava lar'&nia al $ian&)&r"(# $(r '&s"rar0li il '&,& in %*i an,ava s*&na"ainv(%( ,i ,ir0li(l&-

.a *na v&l"a %3( *(s"& ())(""& s"a"i% *(s"& s*&n )* %r(a" )* $r&n"& alla00i*n"a ,i al"r( %&s(-Il s*&n& in s( $*; 'an"(n(r( viv& lin"(r(ss( s&l& $(r *n %(r"& lass& ,i "('$&- &i ,(vi a$$&r"ar(al%*ni %a'bia'(n"i in *(l s*&n&> ,(vi )ar( *s& ,i ar'&ni( $(rs&nali $i*""&s"& %3( lav&rar( %&n*(ll( "ra,i!i&nali> ,(v( (ss(r%i $i= '&vi'(n"& n(lla '(l&,ia> $i= ,ina'i%3(> $i= sin%&$a"&> ,(viv(l&%i!!ar( i ri"'i-

(r *an"& 'i ri0*ar,a# ,&v(v& )ar( *(i %a'bia'(n"i# *(ll( a00i*n"(# $(r 'an"(n(r( viv& il 'i&in"(r(ss( n(l 0r*$$ ( ini!iai n&n a$$(na n( )(%i $ar"(- Ini!iai a, a00i*n0(r( ,al 'i& r("r&"(rra

a!!is"i% ( )* all&ra %3( lin)l*(n!a a!! ini!i; a, (ss(r( in"(nsi)i%a"a-

La s*%%(ssiva a00i*n"a %3( T3&rn3ill )(%( all&r0ani%& ,(ll&r%3(s"ra '&,(rna )* la "*ba-

.In $assa" s$i(0a Gil# .la "*ba + s"a"a *sa"a $rin%i$al'(n"( %&'( s"r*'(n"& ri"'i%&- La n*&va%&n%(!i&n( %&n T3&rn3ill ini!i; *an,& Bill Barb(r (n"r; n(l 0r*$$ a""&rn& a '(" ,(l 1987 & n(l198- Cla*,( 3a an%3( il '(ri"& ,(l %ara""(r( ,(l s*&n& %&n la "*ba a00i*n"a-

Gil ri"&rna s*0li as$(""i a!!is"i%i ,(l s*& lav&r& %&n T3&rn3ill# ,i%(n,&K .%rissi 0li arran0ia'(n"i$(r "r( ,(0li &ri0inali ,i Bir,#Anthrophology#ar!ird "uite (Donna #ee- E, (bbi an%3( a%&n&s%(r( b(n( C3arli(- Erava'& a'i%i# ( sia'& s"a"i %&in*ilini $(r *n ann& & 0i= ,i l4- (si ,&$&%3( (rava'& a'i%i ( %&in*ilini# n&n av(va 'ai s(n"i"& la 'ia '*si%a# ( $ass; '&l"& "('$& $ri'a%3( l& )a%(ss(-

G(rry *lli0an s$i(0aK .?*(ll& %3( a""ra(va Bir, ,i Gil (ra il s*& a$$r&%%i& alla '*si%a- C&'(,&vr(i ,(s%riv(r( *(s"& a$$r&%%i& r&var( + la $ar&la $i= a%%*ra"a alla *al( ri(s%a a $(nsar(M-


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.?*an,& Bir, as%&l"; la 'ia '*si%a# %&n"in*a Gil# .0li $ia%*( '&l"&- )&r"*na"a'(n"(# n(l'&'(n"& in %*i )* $r&n"& a, *sar'i# i& n&n (r& $r&n"& a s%riv(r( $(r l*i- All&ra s"av& a""rav(rsan,&*n n*&v& $(ri&,& ,i a$$r(n,i'(n"&-

.C&'( ris*l";# il(s# %3( all&ra s*&nava %&n Bir,# (ra a""ra""& ,a '( ( ,alla 'ia '*si%a- F(%(*(ll& %3( C3arli( avr(bb( $&"*"& )ar( s( a *(l "('$& C3arli( )&ss( s"a"& $r&n"& a $r(s"arsi %&'(

*na v&%(# *na $ar"( ,i *n ,is(0n& $i= 0ran,(# inv(%( %3( (s%l*siva'(n"( %&'( s&lis"a-

Lin)l*(n!a ,i Gil )*n!i&n; in 'ani(r( ,iv(rs( %&'( %&r&llari& all( s(ssi&ni ,i Davis $(r la Ca$i"&l( n(l s*& lav&r& $(r T3&rn3ill- .Er& s('$r( in"(r(ssa"& a0li al"ri '*si%is"i# (r& a))a'a"& ,i%&'$a0nia '*si%al(# $(r%3< n&n n( av(v& av*"a '&l"a $ri'a- C&'( ,i %3ia%%3i(r( s*lla "(&ria'*si%al(- N&n (ss(n,& an,a"& a s%*&la# n&n n( av(v& 'ai av*"(-

.Ebbi a %&n&s%(r( *n sa%%& ,i %&'$&si"&ri# (, (r& s&li"& ra%%&'an,ar( i 'i(i a'i%i '*si%ali aCla*,( %&'( arran0ia"&ri $(rs&n( %&'( G(rry *lli0an# &3nny Carisi# G(n( R&lan,# ( T&'(rri'an-

F* ,*ran"( *(s"& $(ri&,& )ra il 8 ( il 8# $(r in%is %3( )ra i '*si%is"i ,i T3&rn3ill %(ran& L((&ni"!# R(, R&&,n(y# R*s"y D(,ri%6# R&lan,# L&*is *%%i# ( a6( &v(n# %3( Evans ,(s%riv(%&'( *n ."r&'b(""is"a '&l"& brav& n(lla "ra,i!i&n( ,i L&*is Ar's"r&n0 'a %&n *na s*a v&%($r&$ria n&n %( n( s&n& $i= '&l"i %&s4-

A Evans + %3i(s"& *al( $(nsa %3( sia s"a"a la s*a in)l*(n!a s*ll& svil*$$& ,i *lli0an-

.N&n l& s& ,avv(r ris$&n,( Gil- ."ava'& s$(ss& insi('(> (rava'& a""ra""i l*n lal"r&'*si%al'(n"(- G(rry# &3n Br&&6s# &3n Carisi# ( G(&r0( R*ss(ll# ( i&- Il '&,& in %*i %iin)l*(n!ava'& r(%i$r&%a'(n"( n&n (ra '&l"& i'$&r"an"(- (ns& %3( abbia'& 'an"(n*"& la n&s"ra$r&$ria in,ivi,*ali" n(llav(r%i l*n lal"r& %&'( %&'$a0ni ,i '*si%a# $i*""&s"& %3( $(r lav(r( *n$r&0ra''a %&'*n( & lav&ran,& ,a s&li-

.(r *an"& ri0*ar,a lin)l*(n!a ,(l 0r*$$& ,i Cla*,(# il s*& s*&n& ( i s*&i '*si%is"i# ,ir(i %3( ils*& s*&n& )&ss( $r&n"& $(r (ss(r( *sa"& ,a al"r( )&r!( in '*si%a- i= & '(n& i& 3& '(ss& insi('( is*&ni ,i $(rs&n(# %&'( L(s"(r# C3arli(# ( Di!!y# ai '&vi'(n"i '*si%ali ,(i *ali (r& in"(r(ssa"&-Era s"a"a la l&r& riv&l*!i&n( ri"'i%a (, ar'&ni%a a in)l*(n!ar'i- i $ia%(van& (n"ra'bi 0li as$(""i (li 'isi assi('(- Ovvia'(n"(# n&n s&n& s"a"& l*ni%& a )arl&- ?*(s"i (l('(n"i (ran& n(llaria# %3( si%(r%avan& a vi%(n,a-

.I '*si%is"i a!! (ran& arriva"i a, *n '&'(n"& in %*i av(van& bis&0n& ,i *n v(i%&l& s&n&r& ,i

insi('(# $(r lav&rar( %&n 0r*$$i $i= a'$i# in a00i*n"a al s*&nar( all*nis&n& )ra 0li ass&li %&'((ran& abi"*a"i a )ar(-

.Il $*n"& (ra# %&n"in*a Evans# .%3( (ra n(%(ssaria *na ,i$(n,(n!a r(%i$r&%a )ra il $(nsi(r&'&,(rn& ( la s*a (s$r(ssi&n(- ( (s$ri'i n*&vi $(nsi(ri ( i,(( in 'ani(ra v(%%3ia# "&0li )&r!a ((%%i"a!i&n( ai n*&vi $(nsi(ri-

.(r (s('$i il(s n&n $&"(va s*&nar( %&'( L&*is $(r%3< il s*&n& avr(bb( in"(r)(ri"& %&i s*&i$(nsi(ri- il(s ,&v(""( $ar"ir( *asi ,al sil(n!i& ( $&i svil*$$ar( *n s*&n& ,*ran"( il s*& $(r%&rs*n s*&n& a,a""& all( i,(( %3( v&l(va (s$ri'(r(- N&n $&"(va $(r'(""(rsi ,i a))i,ar( *(i $(nsi(ri a*n '(!!& ,i (s$r(ssi&n( an"i*a"&- ( ri%&r,i# il s*& s*&n& a,(ss& + '&l"& $i= svil*$$a"& ,i *an"&

n&n l& )&ss( allini!i&-

.Li,(a ,(l $i%%&l& 0r*$$& ,i il(s $(r l( r(0is"ra!i&ni %&n la Ca$i"&l v(nn(# %r(, ,all&r%3(s"ra ,i


5/7

T3&rn3ill $(r *an"& ri0*ar,a il s*&n&- A il(s (ran& $ia%i*"( al%*n( %&s( %3( i& ( G(rry av(va'&s%ri""& $(r Cla*,(- L&r0ani%& $(r l( s(ssi&ni ,i il(s )* ,&v*"& al )a""& %3( (ra il n*'(r& 'ini'& ,is"r*'(n"i in 0ra,& ,i ri$r&,*rr( il s*&n& ( (s$ri'(r( al %&n"('$& l( ar'&ni( %3( *sava l&r%3(s"ra,i T3&rn3ill- il(s v&l(va s*&nar( il s*& i,i&'a %&n *(l "i$& ,i s&n&ri"-

.(r in%is il(s )* il %a$& in,is%*ss& ,i *(ll( sides$(r la Ca$i"&l- Or0ani!!; il 0r*$$ 0li

0aran"4 il %&n"ra""& ,i r(0is"ra!i&n( ( l( ,a"( al R&yal R&&s" in %*i s*&na''&-

.Ri%&r, ,i%( Gil ri,a%%3ian, .*(ll&ri0inal( 0r*$$& ,i il(s ,*ran"( l( ,*( s(""i'an( %3(s*&na''& al R&yal R&&s"- C(ra *n %ar"(ll& )*&ri Arran0ia'(n"i ,i G(rry *lli0an# Gil Evans# (&3n L(is- il(s l& v&ll( in vis"a> n(ss*n& $ri'a lav(va 'ai )a"" ,i ,ar( "*""a *(lli'$&r"an!aa0li arran0ia"&ri-

.?*(ll( r(0is"ra!i&ni ,i il(s ,i'&s"ran ,i%( Gil# .*(ll& %3( $&ss&n& )ar( i voicings# %&'($&ssan& ,ar( in"(nsi" ( rilassa'(n"&- C&nsi,(ra i s(i )ia"i %3( il(s av(va in *n n&n(""&- ?*an,&s*&navan& insi('(# $&"(van& (ss(r( *na s&la v&%( %3( s*&nava *na sin0&la lin(a- %ri""*ra a *nav&%(# in *n %(r"& s(ns&- a *(l s*&n& $&"(va (ss(r( al"(ra"& ( '&,i)i%a"& in '&l"( 'ani(r(

a""rav(rs& l( ,i))(r(n"i %&'bina!i&ni ,i s"r*'(n"i- ( il "r&'b&n( s*&nava *na s(%&n,a $ar"( al"aalla "r&'ba# $(r (s('$i %i sar(bb( s"a"a 'a00i&r( in"(nsi" $(r%3< avr(bb( "r&va"& $i= ,i))i%il(s*&nar( *(ll( n&"(- a ,(vi $r&var( *(s"( %&s(- N&n l( %a$is%& 'ai )in%3< n&n l( s(n"&-

.D&$& *(ll( r(0is"ra!i&ni# *(ll& %3( av(va'& )a""& s('br; $ia%(r( a, al"ri arran0ia"&ri- Ci )*r&n$(r (s('$i *n '*%%3i& ,i ban, %&n la "*ba- &n& %&n"(n"& n(llin"(r(ss( ,i Barb(r 'a %r(,& %3()&ss( (%%(ssiv&- Talv&l"a (ra )a""& s(n!a al%*n $r(%is& si0ni)i%a"& a $ar"( l(ss(r( "ra,i!i&nal(- In'&,& in%r(,ibil'(n"( v(l&%( ,iv(nn( "ra,i!i&nal( )ar( %&n%(r"i %&n %&rn& )ran%(s( ( "*ba-

DOWN BEAT 1/2/1957

THE BIRTH OF THE COOL$on "ono un %recursore: &il Evans

D&$& T3&rn3ill# Evans %&n"in*; $(r la $r&$ria s"ra,a# %&sa %3( 0li r(s( i'$&ssibil( (ss(r( $ar"( ,i*n '&vi'(n"& $(r '&l"& "('$ & $(r l& s"(ss& '&"iv ,i &%%*$arsi a "('$& $i(n& ,i a!!- D&v(vas(0*ir( la $r&$ria %*ri&si" in al"r( )asi ,(lla '*si%a-.Il 'i& in"(r(ss( n(l a!!# n(l $&$# ( n(l s*&n& in vari( %&'bina!i&ni 'i 3a ,(""a"& %&sa avr(i )a""&n(i vari $(ri&,i# s$i(0a- .In '&'(n"i ,i))(r(n"i# *n& ,(i "r( (ra il $i= )&r"(-

.Dal 198# 3& av*"& '&l"( (s$(ri(n!( '*si%ali a00i*n"iv( '*si%a $(r ra$$r(s(n"a!i&ni#va*,(vill(# ni03" %l*bs- H& i'$ara"& a in%r&%iar( l( v&%i ,i '&,& %3( *n arran0ia'(n"& %3( (rab*&n& a Eri(# (nnsylvania# $(r %in*( v&%i# $&"(ss( (ss(r( *sa"& $(r v(n"i '*si%is"i in T- I'$arai%&s( s*lla %&n%(!i&n( ri"'i%a ,(i brani %an"a"i- Il 'i& s(ns& ri"'i%& )in& a *(l '&'(n"& (ra s"a"&&r%3(s"ral( n&n# n&n v&%al(-.H& an%3( )a""& al%*ni lav&ri $(r la ra,i& ( al%*n( &r%3(s"ra!i&ni $(r la T- (r *an"& ri0*ar,a 0liin0a00i ,i a!!# *na ra0i&n( $(r %*i n&n n( )a%(v& '&l"i + %3( n(ss*n& '( l& %3i(,(va- Cir%a s(""( &&""& anni )a# s%rissi al%*n( %&s( $(r Billy B*""(r)i(l, a L&n,ra- E $&i H(l(n (rrill 'i 3a %3ia'a"&,i r(%(n"( ( 'i 3a %3i(s"& ,i s%riv(rl( il s*& ,is%& $(r la E'Ar%y E'Ar%y 12 L G :7M- i3a )a""& $ia%(r(-.H& an%3( s%ri""& *al%&sa $(r L*%y R((, $(r la Fan"asy ( ar%y L*"(s $(r la D(%%a# ( 3& )a""& *n

arran0ia'(n"& $(r il ,is%& in ,(%i'in& tentet, n,rM ,i T(,,,y C3arl(s $(r lA"lan"i%- H& *n $ai& ,ilav&ri in *s%i"a s* *n alb*' i%"&r ,i Hal %*si%6-.H& an%3( %(r%a"& ,i ri('$ir( l( la%*n( n(l 'i& svil*$$& '*si%al( n(0li anni $assa"i- H& l(""& libri


6/7

s*lla s"&ria ,(lla '*si%a# bi&0ra)i( ,i %&'$&si"&ri# ar"i%&li %ri"i%i# ( as%&l"a"& ,is%3i ,all( %&ll(!i&nirom the li!rary n(l "(s" n,rM- E s"& lav&ran,& il $i= $&ssibil(-.Ci s&n& al"r( ra0i&ni $(r il )a""& %3( n&n abbia %&'$&s"& '&l"& n(l %a'$& ,(l a!! n(0li *l"i'ianni- C&'( 3& 0i ,("" 3& *na 'ia $(rs&nal( ,ir(!i&n( '*si%al( %3( s('bra a""rav(rsar( "r( %&s( $&$# a!!# ( il s*&n&- Ora 'i s(n"& $r&n"& a, &%%*$ar'i 'a00i&r'(n"( ,i a!!-.Jn '&"iv& a00i*n"iv& + %3( n&n 3& 'ai v&l*"& s%riv(r( s&""&$a0a"& underscalen(l "(s" n,rM- C+

*n '*%%3i& ,i '*si%a s&""&$a0a"a n(l 0ir& %&''(r%ial(# %&n"ra""i in bas( ai *ali *n arran0ia"&r(s%riv( *na %(r"a *an"i" ,i $ar"i"*r( $(r *na %(r"a %i)ra- Jn sa%%& ,i ,is%&0ra)i%i )ann& &))(r"( ,i*(s"& "i$ ( %i s&n& ar"i0iani s*))i%i(n"('(n"( %a$a%i ( al%*ni %r(a"ivi %&'$&si"&ri %3( l(a%%(""an&- I& s&n& abbas"an!a sin,a%alis"a ,a ri)i*"ar(- i )a ,avv(r& arrabbiar(-.(n"& %3( *n sa%%& ,i vi""&ri( s&n& s"a"( vin"( ,al '&vi'(n"& sin,a%al( 0ra!i( a, *&'ini %3( sis&n& ,&v*"i sa%ri)i%ar( '&l" (, + *na v(r0&0na %3( sian& 0(""a"( n(ll& s%ari%& ,alla 0(n(ra!i&n(s*%%(ssiva-.A, *n 'i& a'i% *n 0i&van( %&'$&si"&r( al s*& (s&r,i )* ,(""& ,a *n r(s$&nsabil( Ar"is"i (R($(r"&ri& ,i *na ("i%3(""a r(la"iva'(n"( n*&va %3( s( %&n"in*ava a *(s"i&nar( s*i %&'$(nsi n&navr(bb( $i= lav&ra"& $(r l&r&-.D(vi ,(%i,(r( %3( "i$& ,i %&'$&si"&r( v*&i (ss(r(- D(vi av(r( s*))i%i(n"( )i,*%ia n(ll( "*( %a$a%i"

,a ,i)(n,(r( il "*& %&'$(ns&-A Gil vi(n( ,&'an,a"& ri0*ar,& alla r($*"a!i&n( %3( 3a )ra al%*ni ,(l s(""&r( ,i (ss(r( l(n"& n(ll&s%riv(r(# ( l*i ris$&n,(K .H& $i= ,(s"r(!!a ( v(l&%i" ,i *an"& "alv&l"a n&n v&0lia a''(""(r(-&0li& (vi"ar( ,i )inir( n(lla r&*"in(- N&n $&ss& )ar( l( s"(ss( %&s( allin)ini"&- N&n s&n& *nar"i0ian& n(l s(ns& in %*i l& s&n& *n sa%%& ,i %&'$&si"&ri %3( s(n"& %3( )ann& lav&ri %&''(r%iali (an%3( a!!- L&r& 3ann& *nabili" s"ra&r,inaria n(l %*rar( i ,(""a0li ,(l l&r& lav&r&- I ,(""a0li s&n&"*""i 0(n*ini# 'a *an,& il lav&r& + %&'$l(" "i r(n,i %&n"& %3( linsi('( val( '(n& ,(lla s&''a,(ll( $ar"i-Jn al"r& as$(""& ,(l '&,& in %*i Evans lav&ra + %3( ,(v( )ar $r&var( $(rs&nal'(n"( i $r&$riarran0ia'(n"i- .&n& '&l"& $(rs&nali# ( n&n s&n& %&s4 "an"& s"ili!!a"i ,a r(n,(r( s('$li%( in"(n,(r(*(ll& %3( 3& in '(n"( al v&l&- I 'i(i arran0ia'(n"i n&n s*&nan& b(n( a '(n& %3( n&n sian&s*&na"i ,a *n ,("(r'ina"& 0r*$$& ,i '*si%is"i# ( a '(n& %3( n( abbia s(0*i"& $(rs&nal'(n"( l($r&v(-.Gil# ,i%( *lli0an# .+ l*ni%& arran0ia"&r( %&n %*i abbia 'ai s*&na"& %3( ri(s%a v(ra'(n"( as%riv(r( *na %&sa n(l '&,& in %*i il s&lis"a la ,&vr(bb( s*&nar(- (r (s('$i 0li a%%(n"i in ba""(r(n&n %as%an& s('$r( s*i '&vi'(n"i in ba""(r( in *n ass&l ( l*i l& in,i%a in $ar"i"*ra- Ci; r(n,( lan&"a!i&n( %&'$li%a"a# 'a si%%&'( *(ll& %3( s%riv( + '(l&,i%& ( s(nsa" n&n + ,i))i%il( ,as*&nar(- La n&"a!i&n( )a s('brar( l( $ar"i $i= ,i))i%ili ,i *an"& n&n sian 'a Gil sa lav&rar( %&n*n 0r*$$ sa %an"ar( l&r& %i; %3( v*&l(# ( sa )ar0li(l& "irar( )*&ri ,all& s"r*'(n"&M-.Fin&ra# Evans riass*'( la s*a '(n"ali" a""*al(# .%i s&n& s"a"( al%*n( $ar"i s* ,is%3i %3( 3&%&'$&s"& %3( 'i $ia%%i&n 'a n&n '( n( $ia%( n(ss*n& n(lla s*a in"(r(!!a- "& an%&ra

svil*$$an,& il 'i& $(rs&nal( s(ns& ,(lla )&r'a# %3( ,(rivi ,a "*""& il r("r&"(rra ,i %*i "i 3& $arla"&-Fin& a $&%& "('$& )a n&n 3& %&'$&s"& '&l"i &ri0inali $(r%3< il $(r%&rs& %3( s(0*& n&n 'i 3a$&r"a"& in *(lla ,ir(!i&n(-.Al '&'(n"& i 'i(i in"(r(ssi ( bis&0ni ,i (s$r(ssi&n( $(rs&nal( s&n& %r(s%i*"i al $*n"& ,a&%%*$ar'i ,i %&'$&rr( brani &ri0inali- &n& s"a"& $i= *n %&'$&si"&r( ,i in%isi sentencen(l"(s"n,rM )in&ra- Er& in"(r(ssa"& al lin0*a00i&- H& s%ri""& b*&ni )ra''(n"i ,i '*si%a- F&rs( s(,i%iba""*"( in *na %an!&n( $&$- i s&n& $r(s& il 'i& %3&r*s# $(r ,ir(- E r(s"& s('$r( $i*""&s"& vi%in&alla lin(a '(l&,i%a-.An%3( %&nsi,(ra!i&ni (%&n&'i%3( 'i 3ann& %&nvin"& a n&n ,(,i%ar( $i= "*""a la 'ia a""(n!i&n(allarran0iar(- Er& s&li"& %&'$&rr( allin"(rn& ,(0li standards# %&'$&si!i&ni ,i al"ri- a + s"a"& *nvi%&l& %i(%& $(r '(- Jna v&l"a %3( v(n0& $a0a"& $(r 0li arran0ia'(n"i# s&n& a $&s"&- C&n l(

%&'$&si!i&ni &ri0inali# + ,i))(r(n"(-.N&n s&n& 'ai s"a"& "r&$$& $r(&%%*$a"& ,(lli'$&r"an!a ,i %i; %3( s"av& )a%(n,&- Er& $i=in"(r(ssa"& a, i'$arar( ( allas$(""& $ra"i%&- N&n 'i s&n& 0*ar,a"& in,i("r& )in& a "('$i r(%(n"i#


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*an,& 3& ini!ia"& a, (ss(r( '(n!i&na"& in libri ( ar"i%&li-.?*(s"& (ss(r( '(n!i&na"& + *n& svan"a00i& &l"r( %3( *n van"a00i&- In *n %(r"& '&,& a""rib*is%( ilr*&l& ,(llan!ian& $r(,(%(ss&r( $ri'a %3( *n& si s(n"a "al(- N&n 'i $ia%( (ss(r( %3ia'a"&$r(,(%(ss&r( '(n"r( s&n& an%&ra in a""ivi"# '(n"r( s"& an%&ra i'$aran, s%riv(n, ( %&n"in*(r; a)arl& s('$r(-.Ess(r( *n an!ian& $r(%*rs&r( $*; an,ar( b(n( a *al%*n& %3( n&n v*&l( s"abilir( n*&vi $*n"i ,i

ri)(ri'(n"&- a n&n + il 'i& %as&-

Documents

Down Beat 1957 - Intervista Gil Evans