Dosen : Dr. Agus Prayitno Review Manajemen Operasional

PERT 01 ManajemenManajemenManajemenManajemen Operasional IIOperasional IIOperasional IIOperasional II

Dosen :

Dr. Agus Prayitno

� Review Manajemen Operasional

� Overview Manajemen Operasional II

Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi

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Review Manajemen Operasional I

– Konsep Manajemen Operasional

– 10 Ruang Lingkup MO


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Konsep Manajemen Operasi

Produksi adalah proses penciptaan barang dan jasa.

Operasi adalah fungsi atau sistem yang

mentranformasikan input menjadi output

yang lebih bernilai.

Manajemen Operasi adalah serangkaian aktivitas

(Design, operation, and improvement of

productive systems) yang menciptakan

barang dan jasa dengan

mentranformasikan input menjadi output.


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Proses Transformasi

Proses transformasi adalah urutan aktivitas sepanjang rantai nilai dari pemasok sampai ke konsumen.

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INPUT

•Material

•Machines

•Labor

•Management

•Capital

TRANSFORMATION

PROCESS

OUTPUT

•Goods

•Services

Feedback & Requirements

Sumber: Russel, 2009


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Bentuk Proses Transformasi

�Physical: as in manufacturing operations

�Locational: as in transportation or

warehouse operations

�Exchange: as in retail operations

�Physiological: as in health care

�Psychological: as in entertainment

�Informational: as in communication

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10 Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO

� Desain produk dan jasa (MO I)

� Manajemen kualitas (MO I)

� Desain kapasitas dan proses (MO I)

� Lokasi (MO I)

� Desain layout (MO I)

� Sumber daya manusia dan desain pekerjaan (MO I)

� Supply-chain management (MO II)

� Manajemen Persediaan (MO II)

� Penjadwalan (MO II)

� Maintenance (MO II)


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Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj)

� Desain barang dan jasa

– Barang atau jasa apa yang akan kita tawarkan?

– Bagaimana kita merancang barang dan jasa

tersebut?

� Manajemen kualitas

– Siapa yang bertanggunga jawab atas kualitas?

– Bagaimana mendefinisikan kualitas?

– Bagaimana mengukur kualitas?


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� Desain kapasitas dan proses

– Proses apa dan bagaimana urutan yang diperlukan

untuk membuat produk tersebut?

– Apa peralatan dan teknologi yang diperlukan

setiap proses tersebut?

� Lokasi

– Dimana kita menempatkan fasilitas yang

diperlukan?

– Kriteria apa saja yang digunakan untuk

memutuskan lokasi?


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� Desain layout

– Bagaimana kita akan menyusun/meletakkan

fasilitas?

– Seberapa besar/luas yang diperlukan setiap

fasilitas?

� SDM dan desain pekerjaan

– Seberapa banyak pekerjaan yang diperlukan?

– Berapa banyak pekerja yang diperlukan untuk

menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut?


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� Supply chain management

– Apakah membuat atau membeli input yang

diperlukan?

– Siapa yang menjadi pemasok dan berapa banyak

yang kita miliki?

� Persediaan, perencanaan keperluan material, JIT

“just-in-time” inventory,

– Berapa banyak persediaan setiap item yang harus

dimiliki?

– Kapan melakukan order?


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� Penjadwalan jangka menengah, pendek dan penjadwalan proyek

– Apakah subcontracting production pilihan yang tepat?

– Apakah menghentikan tenaga kerja merupakan tindakan yang tepat pada saat penurunan?

� Pemeliharaan

– Siapa yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pemeliharaan?


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Overview Manajemen Operasional II

� Supply Chain Management (SCM),

� Inventory Management,

� Agregat planning,

� Enterprise Resourse Planning (ERP),

� Penjadwalan Jangka pendek,

� just in time,

� Maintenance & Reliability,

� Quantitative Models (Programming Linear, transportation problem, dan waiting line)


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� Planning, organizing, directing, & controlling

flows of materials

– Begins with raw materials

– Continues through internal operations

– Ends with distribution of finished goods

� Involves everyone in supply-chain

– Example: Your supplier’s supplier

� Objective: Maximize value & lower waste

Supply-Chain Management


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What Is Inventory?

� Stock of items kept to meet future demand

� Purpose of inventory management

– how many units to order

– when to order


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Types of Inventory

� Raw materials

� Purchased parts and supplies

� Work-in-process (partially completed)

products (WIP)

� Finished pruduct

� Items being transported

� Tools and equipment


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Aggregate Planning Requires

� Logical overall unit for measuring sales

and outputs

� Forecast of demand for intermediate

planning period in these aggregate units

� Method for determining costs

� Model that combines forecasts and costs so

that planning decisions can be made


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Sales and Operations PlanningSales and Operations Planning

� Determines the resource capacity needed to meet

demand over an intermediate time horizon

– Aggregate refers to sales and operations planning for

product lines or families

– Sales and Operations planning (S&OP) matches

supply and demand

� Objectives

– Establish a company wide game plan for allocating

resources

– Develop an economic strategy for meeting demand


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� Setting goals & objectives

– Example: Meet demand within the limits

of available resources at the least cost

� Determining steps to achieve goals

– Example: Hire more workers

� Setting start & completion dates

– Example: Begin hiring in Jan.; finish, Mar.

� Assigning responsibility

Planning


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1 2 3 4 5

Gross Requirements 2 20 25 15

Scheduled Receipts 5 30

Available 25 23 33 33 8

Net Requirements 7

Planned Order Receipts 7

Planned Order Releases 7

1 2 3 4 5

Gross Requirements 2 20 25 15

Scheduled Receipts 5 30

Available 25 23 33 33 8

Net Requirements 7

Planned Order Receipts 7

Planned Order Releases 7

� Manufacturing computer information system

� Determines quantity & timing of dependent

demand items

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)


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� Computer system

� Mainly discrete products

� Accurate bill-of-material

� Accurate inventory status

– 99% inventory accuracy

� Stable lead times

MRP Requirements


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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

� Software that organizes and manages a

company’s business processes by

– sharing information across functional areas

– integrating business processes

– facilitating customer interaction

– providing benefit to global companies


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What is Scheduling?

� Last stage of planning before production

occurs

� Specifies when labor, equipment, and

facilities are needed to produce a product

or provide a service


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� Deals with timing of operations

� Short run focus: Hourly, daily, weekly

� Types

TodayToday Due Date

BB EE

Forward SchedulingForward Scheduling

TodayToday Due Date

BB EE

Backward SchedulingBackward Scheduling

Short-Term Scheduling


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Objectives in Scheduling

�Meet customer due

dates

�Minimize job lateness

�Minimize response

time

�Minimize completion

time

�Minimize time in the

system

�Minimize overtime

�Maximize machine or

labor utilization

�Minimize idle time

�Minimize work-in-

process inventory


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� Management philosophy of continuous and

forced problem solving

� Supplies and components are ‘pulled’

through system to arrive where they are

needed when they are needed.

What is Just-in-Time?


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� Attacks waste

– Anything not adding value to the product

• From the customer’s perspective

� Exposes problems and bottlenecks caused

by variability

– Deviation from optimum

� Achieves streamlined production

– By reducing inventory

What Does Just-in-Time Do?


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Model membantu manajer

� Secara lebih akurat mewakili realitas.

� Memperoleh gambaran mendalam tentang hubungan

antar fenomena bisnis

� Menemukan cara yang lebih baik guna menetapkan

pasangan kombinasi nilai variabel keputusan.

� Membantu pengambil keputusan memahami masalah.

� Membantu mengkomunikasikan masalah dan solusi dengan orang lain.

� Menyederhanakan masalah yang besar dan komplek berdasarkan waktu


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Ruang Lingkup QM

�� ForecastingForecasting

�� Inventory ControlInventory Control

�� Linear Programming Models: Linear Programming Models:

Graphical and Computer MethodsGraphical and Computer Methods

�� Transportation and Assignment Transportation and Assignment

ModelsModels

�� Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory

ModelsModels

�� Markov AnalysisMarkov Analysis


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QM yang didiskusikan di MO II

�� Inventory ControlInventory Control

�� Linear Programming Models: Graphical Linear Programming Models: Graphical

and Computer Methodsand Computer Methods

�� Transportation and Assignment ModelsTransportation and Assignment Models

�� Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory

ModelsModels

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Dosen : Dr. Agus Prayitno Review Manajemen Operasional