DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 355 948 IR 054 451

AUTHOR Valauskas, Edward J., Ed.; Vaccaro, Bill, Ed.TITLE Macintoshed Libraries 4. Fourth Edition.INSTITUTION Apple Library Users Group, Cupertino, CA.PUB DATE 91

NOTE 110p.; For the 1989 volume, see IR 054 450.PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) Reports

Descriptive (141)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Academic Libraries; Computer Networks; *Computer

Software; Desktop Publishing; Elementary SecondaryEducation; Higher Education; *Hypermedia; InformationRetrieval; *Library Automation; Library Instruction;Library Services; *Microcomputers; Online Searching;Public Libraries; Reference Services; SchoolLibraries; Special Libraries

IDENTIFIERS *Apple Macintosh; HyperCard; Screen Format;Vendors

ABSTRACTThis annual collection contains the following 14

papers about the use of Macintosh computers in libraries: "Of Miceand Macs: The Integration of the Macintosh into the Operations andServices of the University of Tennessee, Memphis Health ScienceLibrary" (Lois M. Bellamy); "Networking Reference CD-Roms in theApple Library" (Mary Ellen Bercik); "In Splendid Isolation: TheMacintosh at the University of the Arts Libraries" (Stephen Bloom):"A Shareware System Shared" (Carol Bonham); "Database Publishing bythe Shores of the Chesapeake" (Kay Brodie and Claudia Jewell);"Business Sense: Using the Macintosh in a Business School Library"(Lene Byskov and Jorgen Albretsen); "Macintoshing the SpecialLibrary: A Case Study" (George H. Drury); "The 'MacintoshedLife'...in a Junior High School Library Setting" (Carol Felch);"Using HyperCard as a Promotional Tool" (Barbara Mattscheck); "ItStarted Slowly...and It Grew...And Grew...And Grew" (Mary E. Okarma);"The HyperCard Library Instruction Project" (Joan Parker); "How ILearned to Stop Worrying...(and Love the Macintosh)" (BarbaraPassoff); "Reach Out and Type at Someone (or How I Found Happiness inSleepless Nights on the Fidonet)" (Alan Rowoth); and "USCInfo: ADevelopment Platform for Tomorrow's Informatior. Rich Environment"(John Waiblinger). Also included are an introduction, "Survival ofthe Fittest: The Evolution of The Macintosh in Libraries" (Edward J.Valauskas); a directory of vendors; an index; and "Toolbox," a listof hardware, software, typeface, and output used in the publicationof this collection. (ALF)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOFIca of Educational Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

This document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating itMinor changes have been made to improvereproduction Quality

Points of view or opinions staled in this document do not necessarily represent officialOERI position or policy

EDITED BYEDWARD J. K ASit E- It I V A A 11 r )

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE TMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED

Nonicd Ertel

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

re

Copyright © 1991 by the Apple Library Users Group,10381 Band ley Drive, Cupertino, CA 95014.

All rights reserved including the right of reproductionin whole or in part in any form without the expresspermission from the publisher.

Fourth edition.

Page design and cover graphics by Bill Vaccaro.

General Index and Product Index compiled byEdward J. Valauskas.

Special thanks to Nancy John, Monica Ertel andPatricia Tegler for their help in the making of thispublication.

Also available as a HyperCard stack.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

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FORVARD

\I\11hat is Macintoshed Libraries? It's more

than just a collection of articles, case studies

on the use of Macs in libraries of all sorts and

sizes and persuasions in this country and

abroad. It's more than signatures bound to-

gether into a book, words and sentences and

illustrations deftly arranged on paper by Bill

Vaccaro. It's more than a diskette and a neat

hack of a HyperCard stack.

5

..iousands of copies of Macintosbed Libraries in all of its

permutations have found their way around the world, since the first

modest version appeared in 1987. It certainly must mean something

to all of those who read it, who use it in classrooms, who catalog it

and record it on bibliographic utilities like OCLC. I've had fans of

Macintosbed Libraries complain to me that their archival copies

disappear from the shelves in their offices, and that they taking the

radical action of binding copies to retard thievery. What does

Macintosbed Libraries mean to the biblio-kleptomaniac as well as

the Library Director, the shelving clerk, the soft-,are developer?

Briefly, Macintosbed Libraries began with the premise of

bringing together, in one place, experiences with the Macintosh in

libraries. Its purpose was demonstrate that using a Mac in a library

was a good idea, even if the computer had to come in through the

loading dock or side entrance. For the most part, those days (and

especially nights) of nocturnal Macintosh expeditions into the

realm of library automation are long gone, dim memories of the

Paleozoic of desktop computing. Now, it seems, at least for some

institutions, such as the University Library of the University of

Southern California described elsewhere in this volume, Macintosh-

es arrive in libraries and elsewhere by freight, and rail car, in the

glorious sunshine and through the front door. In some small part,

Macintoshed Libraries was a catalyst for this reversal of fortune.

As experiences with the Mac in libraries accumulated, we 11,

seen the Mac become accepted and welcomed as a tool to accom-

plish the tasks of everyday life in library administration, reference,

cataloging, acquisitions, and circulation. A new role has been born,

as these essays so dramatically describe, of the Macintosh as a

vehicle to promote the library as a resource, as a center of technolo-

gy, as a primary nerve in the intellectual fabric of communities

everywhere. This new role of the Macintosh as a catalyst for change

in the image of libraries and librarians to me is exciting, challeng-

ing, and stimulating. No longer are the daily burdens of paperwork

and filing and professional housekeeping in libraries onerously

destroying any hope for demonstrating the true potential of libraries

as information agents. Computers such as the Macintosh are

relieving that burden, as these articles prove repeatedly, and

allowing us to demonstrate aggressively the worth, the value of

libraries to the fabric of our communities, be they be universities,

colleges, corporations, or the local town and city.

vi rnacintoshed LIBRARIES 4

Macintoshed Libraries, this annual arrangement of documents

voluntarily contributed by authors from Denmark to California, is

now no longer a brave display of believing in a computer, and Its

way of interpreting the world, in spite of the oddsbureaucratic,

technologic, socialagainst it. Macintoshed Libraries has become

a celebration of using technology as a tool, a hammer against

tedium, a potion for inspiration. Like any other tool, it is almost

becoming invisible in our hands and eyes and mind, as we integrate

the Macintosh further and further into the fabric of our professional

lives and use it in new ways that we would have never thought

possible. At that vanishing point when the Macintosh is no longer

special or unique or different in libraries, when it becomes a fixture

like a pencil sharpener, dictionary, or globe, this collection of tales

will be no more. I personally cannot wait for that day! oft

Ed Valauskas

Forward vii

7

J 0111II Ili

111 FORWARD V

IN INTRODUCTION:Survival of the Fittest: The Evolution ofThe Macintosh in LibrariesEdward J. Valauskas

OF MICE AND MACS:The Integration of the Macintosh into the Operations &Services of the University of Tennessee, MemphisHealth Science LibraryLois M. Bellamy

In the Health Science and Stollerman Libraries of the University of Tennessee, Memphis, Macintosheshave been developed Into reference tools, a means to access MEDUNE, a way of expeditingdocument delivery, and a tool to enhance online searching. Their utility has reduced the amount oftime devoted to clerical tasks, made the Libraries more accessible with electronic assistance forpatrons, and provided easy access to data once mired in paper files and documents.

II NETWORKING REFERENCE CD -ROMSIN THE APPLE LIBRARYMary Ellen Bercik

In the Corporate Library of Apple Computer, Inc. in Cupertino, Calif., a large-scale beta test wasconducting of SilverPlatter's MacSPII4 a software engine to access networked CD-ROMs. ERIC,MEDLINE, and OSH-ROM were made available to 2,100 employees. The availability of the CDs onthe network was met few difficulties, as search speed remained minimal, with few if any hardware orsoftware problems. The success of this testing program has encouraged the Library to plan to mountother databases on the network as part of fully integrated electronic reference service.

NI IN SPLENDID ISOLATION:The Macintosh at the University of the Arts LibrariesStephen Bloom

The Libraries at the University of the Arts, Philadelphia us Macintoshes in administration andreference, as well as a means to manage a large slide collection. In addition, HyperCard andmultimedia projects are a catalyst for communications with students and faculty, and strengthen therole of the Library community on campus. These developments have led to a more prominent voiceby the Libraries on technological decisions on campus.

XII I

1

12

19

VIII macintoshed LIBRARIES

I la Ill II II II 111 ti 111 II fa II u II u VI

A SHAREWARE SYSTEM SHARED 24Carol Bonham

A HyperCard shareware application is used in the Library of GTE Government Systems in ResearchTriangle Park, NC for cataloging and circulation. This stack is available on GTE's DEC VAX Server, sothat patrons at any one of the over 80 Macintoshes in the facility can access the Library's HyperCardcatalog and search for information. Modifications have been made to the stack to customize it for theparticular needs of the Library's clientele, and these alterations will continue to keep the stack useful

and efficient for both patron and the Library.

DATABASE PUBLISHING BY THE SHORESOF THE CHESAPEAKEKay Brodie & Claudia Jewell

Taking its role in the community seriously, the Learning Resource Center (LRC) at ChesapeakeCollege decided to reissue a directory of community agencies in Eastern Maryland Using bothMicrosoft Works and Word, the Directory of Eastern Shore Community Services was published, with arecyclable database to create yearly revisions on demand. The project produced favorable publicityfor the LRC in the community, which will last well into the future as new editions of the Directoryare prepared.

III BUSINESS SENSE:Using the Macintosh in a Business School LibraryLene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen

HyperCard is used as a platform to inform patrons about different options available to them in theLibrary of the Aarhus School of Business. The use of HyperCard has attracted new users to thefacility and has enhanced the level of information among all users in general.

O MACINTOSHING THE SPECIAL LIBRARY:A Case StudyGeorge H. DruryMost automation systems are overkill for a small special library. The question to ask is not be "Howcan I automate this library?' but "How will this information be accessed?" The Library of theKalmbach Publishing Co. retains a special role in the organization in not only providing access toprinted material in the form of books and periodicals, but in expertise on data conversion,wordprocessing, and desktop publishing. Clearly, this sort of multifaceted role of the Library establishes

the value of t1 e Library as an unique resource for information regardless of format.

29

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Table of Contents ix

TAEe's

EE CONI111

III THE "MACINTOSH ED LIFE"...in a Junior High School Library SettingCarol Felch

Can a single Macintosh make the difference in d junior high school library? In the Library ofLancaster, Texas Junior High School, a Macintosh SE, equipped with HyperCard, Microsoft Word, &Works, and Broderbund's Print Shop, has made a considerable difference in removing the tedium ofrecord-keeping, enabling the staff to keep pace with the ever-Increasing demands of instructors,students, and staff. Additional, students and teachers take advantage of tools such as the videodiscElection 88 to obtain information that would have been difficult to secure in other ways for projects.Overall, the Mac has made a difference in the way in which the Library manages the technologicaldemands of its patrons, providing information and materials in ways that would have not been easilyfeasible before.

USING HYPERCARD AS APROMOTIONAL TOOLBarbara Mattscheck

Libraries continually need to make their public aware of issues Influencing the future of informationservices. HyperCard represents one way of presenting data and opinions, In a format that easilyallows for the combination of text, sound, and graphics. The Philadelphia chapter of the SpecialLibraries Association explored using HyperCard as promotional device for special libraries at theConference on Library & Information Services, sponsored by the Governor of Pennsylvania. Thestack met with a great deal of success in familiarizing delegates the perspectives of special librarians.Since the 1990 Conference, the stack has seen considerable use as a tool to promote the Chapter andspecial libraries.

44

48

IT STARTED SLOWLY... AND IT GREW... AND GREW... 54AND GREWMary E. Okarma

In the Shongum School Library of Randolph, NJ, desktop publishing, word processing, databasemanagement, and access to bulletin boards are all possible with a Macintosh. Tasks that once wereunthinkable are now quite possible, providing the Library with a secure and strong image in the eyesof its students, teachers, administrators, and parents. Record-keeping is simpler in these times of staffand financial cuts, by virtue of Macintosh databases and documents. This relief from the problems ofpaper file management mean that the Mac is available for projects with a broader aim to thecommunity as a whole. Indeed, with graphics and word processing software, the Library has becomea printing center for teachers, volunteers, and students.

LIBRARIES 0

10

INV MUNE III Ill MN 111111111011111111111111111111111111

III THE HYPERCARD LIBRARYINSTRUCTION PROJECTJoan Parker

The birth of HyperCard in 1987 also meant the re-birth of library instruction, as academic, public,school, and special libraries redesigned their navigational documents in terms of a stack. This frenzyof effort has produced stacks of both excellent and Indifferent quality, many which would have beenbetter served by guidelines and standards for design. The HyperC'ard Library Instruction Project(1-ILIP) is an effort to create flexible and intuitive blueprints for future library stack developers,designs that have been tested and follow basic principles In providing information to patrons.

How 1 LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING...(and Love the Macintosh)Barbara Passoff

In the Microcomputer Lab of Simmon College's Library, students have their choice of a largepopulation of computers, Including Macintoshes and Compaqs. Macintoshes are overwhelminglypopular in part because of their case of use and versatility. Word processors and electronicspreadsheets are relatively straightforward, and provide with a little investment of time documentsand graphics that are attractive and utilitarian.

REACH OUT AND TYPE AT SOMEONE(or How I Found Happiness in SleeplessNights on the Fidonet)Alan RowothTelecommunications allows an individual to connect with others next door or around the world withsoftware, a computer, and a modem. Of the many networks available, Fidonet is unique In that10,000 users have created a free, global network for their interests by Investing time and equipmentinto a belief that telecommunications should be accessible to all. With Copernicus, Fidonet's software

medium, and a Mac you can process hundreds of electronic messages and reach other networksthrough gateways as well. The existence of Fidonet, efforts towards eliminating the duplication ofprotocols with Apple's Communications Toolbox, and the potential birth of the National Researchand Education Network mean that the future of telecommunications Is exceptionally full of promise.

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Table of Contents xi

TAt][-[ [eftlIV CENTY 1111111111111111111111111111

USCINFO:A Development Platform for Tomorrow'sInformation Rich EnvironmentJohn Waiblinger

The University Library at the University of Southern California created a single, online informationsystem, built around HyperCard, to provide access for some 40,000 patrons to the Library's onlinecatalog, periodical databases, and campus directories. Alt of the files are mounted on an 113M 3090,accessible through USCInfo, the stack medium, anywhere on the campus network. The success of thenetwork is in pan measured by the enthusiastic response from users using any of the126 MacintoshSE/30s on campus, and the rapid expansion of the network to allow full text access.

IIII VENDOR INDEX

III INDEX

III ABOUT THE EDITORS

III TOOLBOX

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12macintoshed LIBRARIES

INTRODUCTION

Survival of the Fittest: Evolution of the Macintosh in Libraries

In the primeval soup of those Pre Cam-

brian days of library workstations and

desktop computers, automation in li-

braries meant rooms filled with ponder-

ous circuits encased in shelves of plastic

and metal, sheathed in armour, attend-

ed by drones and their masters, cooled

by the timeless whine of air co.iditioning.

Computers for most libraries were a fantasy,

best described in serious titled journals affil-

iated with institutions both large and well-

endowed. There was little thought given to

the possibility that computers might appear

as labor saviours in ordinary libraries, the

kind of library that populated most every

school of lower learning, the kind of every-

day library that stood near city squares and

town halls, the kind of library that filled a

demand for technical literature in all sorts of

corporations and industries, the kind of li-

brary that occupied many a small building

on campuses of average college, and univer-

sities everywhere. Computers were a symbol

that had little to do with everyday work, but

had more to do with an attitude, and an

appearance in the eyes of those who judge

performance not on the quality of work but

on the magnitude of the object used to ac-

complish a task.

Change came slowly as new computers,

species of a family called Apple II, appeared,

based on the notion of scaling a tool to the

task at hand. These machines began to pop-

ulate the landscape rapidly, filling an eco-

logical niche, a need for word processing,

database management, telecommunica-

tions, and accounting that opened the

boundaries of the human imagination. Li-

brarians quickly took these machines to

replace paper files, to create databases, to

dump difficult terminals, and access online

data through modems and software, to cre-

ate templates of letters and reports. A whole

clan of librarians using these computers

decided to formalize their behavior with an

organization called the Apple Library Users

Group, and communicate with each other

in meetings and in a quarterly newsletter.

Evolution, in technology as in organ-

isms, worked not as Darwin, saw it but as

modem biologists and paleontologists record

its history, in a mighty jump, a clear break

with tradition. The Lisa, appeared with all of

its weight, and drive, and memory, and price,

as a completely different animal in these

early halcyon episodes of desktop comput-

ing. Software was organized completely in

the Lisa Office, around a single unifying

theme, where word processor, and spread-

EDWARD J. VALAUSKAS

sheet, and database, and illustrator all worked

together. Ideas transformed into a Lisa event

were represented not by a string of charac-

ters, but by icons, symbols that actually

looked like objects in the real world on a real

desk. Navigation in this new computer was

not by keyboard alone but by a new device

called a mouse, with a tail that was caught in

a port on the back of Lisa's shell. This

computer could open to reveal huge hoards,

full of chips to control a large screen, new

kinds of disk drives, and opportunities for

inventing altogether alien ways of interact-

ing with a machine. But the Lisa was a

dinosaur of sorts. Its weight, shelves of

manuals, strange new hard plastic diskettes,

size and cost were beyond most librarians,

except those in institutions devoted to the

expensive cutting edge. The Lisa died a slow

death, not before watching its electronic

genetic code contribute to a new and more

efficient version, a computer called the

Macintosh.

Recorded in those slim pages of the

Newsletter of the Apple Library Users Group

of 1984, the first experiments with this novel

cpu took place in a few libraries around the

country. Often, these reckless adventurers

into library automation were not the in-

house experts, the high priests of all things

electronic and digital, but those who were

looking for another, any, way of obliterating

the dual monsters of tedium and techno-

logical paranoia. The first Macintoshes in

libraries in those faraway days were used for

day-to-day chores of word processing, tele-

communications and database surfing but

with a difference. The interface, in all of its

graphic wonder, invited users to experiment,

to attach the word "fun" to their vocabulary

for computer experiences. Tne first signs of

this evolution in desktop computing in li-

braries, recorded in the geologic strata of

long ago issues of the Newsletter of the Apple

Library Users Group, appeared in a new logo

for the Group designed by Kevin Justie, and

the unabashed thrill of using a half-dozen

fonts in two paragraphs of text authored by

Monica Ertel.

As the Macintosh's popularity grew in

libraries in 1985 and 1986, its functions as a

database manager, word processor, and

graphics machine grew and grew. There

were brave souls experimenting with Mac-

Terminal and Red Ryder, connecting to

Dialog and online catalogs and mainframes.

Macintoshes were becoming a vehicle for

circumventing the bur, aucratic order of

standing in queue for programming jobs on

some distant mainframe if an institution

had access in some arcane way to those

devices. For many, the Macintosh was their

first taste of computing in a library and for

them, it has not been their last.

With the introduction of laser printers

and HyperCard and more powerful cpus,

the Macintosh underwent another transfor-

mation but not in appearance or in philos-

ophy. The Macintosh presented an entirely

different way of accomplishing work in li-

braries. Documents could be prepared that

had all the appearances of spending weeks

with typesetters and other agents of ink.

Bibliographic instruction radically changed

its appearance with HyperCard. Those te-

dious and repetitive questions that cursed

reference librarians evaporated with Hy-

perCard stacks that identified the location

of bathrooms, the dictionary, the atlas, and

the card catalog. But HyperCard's naviga-

tional status was a mere waystation, as li-

brarians used it to develop interfaces to

xiv

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macintoshed LIBRARIES 63

mainframes and remote electronic files, to

create self-paced engines for students to learn

library and other skills, and to invent new

combinations of sound, text, and image to

display the information edge that libraries

and their staffs always had but never quite

formulated in this multimedia manner.

Macintoshes in libraries in their latest

evolutionary stage are no longer the hand-

maidens for ordinary, workaday chores. At

the level of word processing and databases,

Macintoshes have nearly become transpar-

ent, part of the fixtures, as tools to remove the

burden of record-keeping and materials

management. In their newest role in libraries,

Macintoshes are limited only by the librar-

ians' imaginations. Librarians are using

Macs to defend and survive professionally in

an increasingly competitive and aggressive

society where the economical value of infor-

mation has finally been established, where a

premium has been placed on those who

provide data as quickly, as efficiently, and as

accurately as possible under any circum-

stances. In this social context, librarians are

using the Macs to demonstrate, to advertise,

and to promote their own utility, and the

value of their organizations to society. Li-

brarians indeed are agents of information.

Long blore knowbots are a reality in ROM,

librarians have demonstrated their own

functionality as corporeal masters of infor-

mation, searching databases and book

shelves on demand for the latest and most

appropriate facts at hand.

Given the tempo of this evolutionary

trend, Macintoshes and librarians have a

great deal to anticipate In the next few years

as the Otis themselves become more power-

ful and more portable and as software is

more amenable and communicative across

applications and computer platforms. At

some point in the distant future, we will look

back at the uses of the Macintosh over the past

seven years as mere child's play, immersed in

difficulties of electronic communication that

will vanish as boundaries between and among

computers disappear. Like those early press

hands that worked with movable type centu-

ries ago to circumvent the tyranny of scribes

and the control of information by a few, we

have experienced the transformation of com-

puting from a private venture of a few to an

experience within the grasp of many. We will

indeed be fortunate if the evolution of the

Macintosh brings us new tools that make our

adventures in library computing appear trivial

and commonplace.*

introduction/Edward J. Valauskas X V

Of IMIex Man=Integration of the Macintosh into theOperations and Services of theUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisHealth Science Library

The University of Tennessee (UT), Memphis is themedical center campus in the state-supported UTsystem, which consists of four campus sites. UT

Memphis is currently composed of seven colleges: Allied

Health Sciences, Dentistry, Graduate Health Sciences,Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Social Work. Approxi-mately 729 faculty members serve a student body of1,747 and a house staff of 547. Faculty, students and staff

IL C, I S M. B E L LAM "Y'may work in any of the 26 campus buildings and the sevenlocal hospitals affiliated with UT Memphis. The collec-tions of the UT Memphis Health Science Library and itsclinical branch library, Stollerman Library, support theprograms of the seven health science colleges and consistof 162,089 bound volumes and 2,111 current journal

subscriptions.

16

In 1984, the computer center, nowcalled the Biomedical InformationTransfer (BIT) Center, at the UTMemphis began installation of anUngermann-Bass high speed broad-band wide area network, Net One, toprovide access to institutional com-puting resources. Over 2,500 ports infifty campus and affiliated hospitalbuildings are now served by thenetwork. During this same period, theuniversity began to encourage andsupport the use of the Apple Macin-tosh computer for local data and wordprocessing. Departmental Macintoshesare in many instances networked

Fig. 1: After a few introductory

screens, the stack of the CAR (Com-

puter-Aided Reference) Station at the

University of Tennessee, Memphis

Hedtti Science Library gives the users

four choices, to explore tl;e library

physically or intellectually.

The Health Science Library acquiredits first Macintosh in 1987 and installeda Local Talk network in 1988. As ofFebruary 1991, there were five publicaccess and three staff Macintosh Pluscomputers, nine staff Macintosh SEcomputers, a LaserWriter II, a Laser-Writer Plus, an Image Writer II, a ShivaNet Modem, and a Macintosh II fileserver with six Apple CD-ROM playersconnected to the local area network.The Library's Local Talk network, isconnected to the campus-wide Net Onenetwork by a Fast Path bridge. Inaddition, there is one stand-alonepublic access Macintosh SE. Two

sties

atom MA John I ',II...

SNOW ME AROUND!

WHIT CNN YOU 00 FOR ME?

WHERE DO I FIND... ?

NOW 00 I USE... 7

I III I on n hest I on t I or I nh 1'h

together to share resources such asfile servers and laser printers. Inaddition, different departmentalMacintosh local area networks (Lo-calTalk) across the campus are linkedtogether for resource sharing. Thissharing is accomplished by connect-ing the LocalTalk network to thecampus-wide NetOne networkthrough a Kinetics FastPath box, ahardware bridge. In addition, individ-ual Macintoshes equipped with anEthernet interface card can connect toNetOne in order to use Macintoshresources in other areas of the cam-pus.

Macintosh SE computers also reside inStollerman Library. However, neitherpersonal computer is networked to themain Library's LocalTalk network. Thisarticle describes how the libraries atUT Memphis have used the Macintoshto provide new services to users andto improve internal library operations.

THE PUBLIC ACCESS MACINTOSH

The CAR Station'

At the Health Science Library, threelevels of information services areprovided to users during weekday

17

macintoshed UBRARIES

working hours. The staff at the Circula-tion desk answers directional questionsand provides information on libraryservices. Routine questions are referredto a paraprofessional who staffs thenearby information desk. Instructional,factual and research questions thatrequire interpretation or explorationare referred to the reference, librarians.This arrangement works fairly wellexcept when these professionals arevery busy or unavailable, as in theevenings or on the weekends, whenthere is only a minimal level of serviceprovided by one library assistant at theCirculation desk. Faced with this

Fig. 2: By clicking the button labeled "Show

Me Around!: maps are displayed of the

floors of the University of Tennessee, Mem-

phis Health Science Library. Clicking with the

mouse on any of the identified area on the

floor pulls up further details for the user.

HAM ME M1

as a first step. HyperCard was chosenbecause it provides a means to linkboth text and graphics in a variety ofways, without requiring both the userand developer to learn a sophisticatedprogramming language.

The HyperCard CAR applicationconsists of a home module, fourinformation modules, and a helpmodule. The home module welcomesthe user to the Library and invites theuser to click on a button to begin theprogram (Figure 1). After brief intro-ductory screens, the user is presentedwith the four main choices: "Show mearound!", "What can you do for me?",

SECOND FLOOR LAMAR ALEXANDER BLDG

Click one labeled area for more information

Info.rmoprtro. L t_ L7. I__

Roodino Room

Wore A o-Visuals

Houses the Library's historical collection, LITtheses and dissertations, and UT publications.

staffing dilemma, the reference librari-ans at the Health Science Librarydecided to explore using the computeras another way to provide help. Thisuse is different from the use of com-puters in formal library instruction.Computer-aided instruction in thecontext of a course provides the userwith information that he might need inthe future. The function of computer-aided reference is to provide the userwith specific information on demand.

In October 1987, the Library wasawarded an institutional grant todeve op a computer-aided reference(CAR) application using the MacintoshSE and HyperCard to answer commondirectional and instructional questions,

fl

MAP MEM

"Where do I find...?", and "How do Iuse...?"

The first two modules are intendedto orient a new user to the Library,

while the second two modules areintended to be used as needed. If theuser selects "Show me around!", achoice of the Library floors is dis-played. When the user clicks on afloor button, a floor map is presented.(Figure 2)

The user may click on any labeledarea of the map for more information.

In the "What can you do for me?"module, a selection of library servicesis displayed. When the user clicks on aselection, a brief description of theservice is presented. The user may

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 3

1.8

click on any starred word in thedescription for more information. Inthe "Where do I find...?" module,library materials are grouped intomain categories and subcategoriesdisplayed on different menus (Figure3).

A click on an item in the first menubrings up a display of subcategoriesin the second menu on the samescreen. When the user chooses anitem from the second menu, a map isdisplayed with the location of thematerial highlighted. The last module,"How do I use...?", consists of tutorialson the use of reference aids such as

Fig. 3: Within the stack of the (AR

Station is a module which acts as a

guide to library materials. When the

user selects a given item, a map op

pears showing the location of the spe-

cific title in the collection of the Health

Science library.

11.

the program asks if the user is stillthere and if not, resets itself. Theapplication is self-explanatory and onlyrequires the user to point and c'Lkmouse to make selections.

Development of the CAR Stationwas begun in December 1987. The firstthree modules were completed in fivemonths. The first instructional stack forthe fourth module took another sixmonths to complete. The CAR Stationwas placed into service in October1988 and is located on the main floorof the library. At the time the CARStation was made available to thepublic, there were no other computers

Selected Current JournalsHistory of Medicine Current JournalsJournals 1965 - PresentJournals prior to 1965NewsinfiersPouter MagazinesSerials Holdings List

MAIN MIND

Index Medicus. A click on IndexMedicus results in a second menudisplay of instructional choices.

All screens contain buttons toallow the user to navigate back toprevious screens. Help buttons areavailable throughout the program forinstruction on how to use the pro-gram. Each help button is specific forthe screen on which it is located.Asking for help provides informationon describing the current the screen,how to use it, and options for navigat-ing to previous screens. The user canalso discontinue the session at anytime. If the user fails to click on thescreen after a specified length of time,

KIP

INKS

PERIODICKS

INDENES

Nermeas

011111.116S

FOCILITIES

POINTMENTS

or terminals available for public use.The Library had not yet automated itscatalog. Therefore, it attracted attentionand use. Directions were the mostfrequently asked questions. Now thatthe Library has terminals for access toits online catalog and stations forsearching CD-ROM databases, the CARStation is not used as often.

MEDLINE Knowledge Serve

In February 1989, the main Libraryinstalled the Macintosh version ofMEDLINE on CD-ROM, KnowledgeServer. This networked version, pro-

19UBRAR1ES

duced by Aries Systems Corporation,includes six CD-ROM disks, eachcontaining one year of bibliographicentries with abstracts, and Macintosh-style search and retrieval software,installed on the Library's file serverconnected to a Local Talk network. TheLibrary file server is a Macintosh IIwith 5 Mb RAM and a 330 MB harddisk. Chained to the file server are sixApple CD-ROM players. Five Macin-tosh workstations and a public access

Fig. 4: Knowledge Server provides an inter-

face for subject searches as free text or

through the use of terminology standardized

in the MeSH dictionary. The user also has

the option of searching in Knowledge Sewer

by author or journal title as well.

File Edit

gram. Display, print, and downloadformats can be customized for the userneeds. In addition, annotations can beadded to a reference before printing ordownloading it. A pull-down helpmenu is available. Reviews of Knowl-edge Finder have characterized it as asystem designed specifically for endusers, providing simple to use butsomewhat unpredictable free textsearching and excellent access to theMeSH5-5.

Search Dictionaries firticies Fonts Help

Knowled. a Finder" Search Formulation

Free-Vero Teel' afareil States's,diabetes'

learelo Aimahasttee M :Subject Heading(s)

'hither Neme(s)indenIng Date(*)Journal Titiels)Len tie e(s)

Subject Check Tales)

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[kW

SortiesIte4441..per

Vent MI As Map AsVeriest, iif cm I *owe,

SoleetoN /Timsaurres Sean* Terme

LaserWriter II have been available foruse with the system in the Librarysince May 1989. In addition, theuniversity community can accessKnowledge Server from any LocalTalknetwork connected to the campus-wide NetOne network by a Fastpathbridge. According to Aries, the net-worked system supports six to twelvesimultaneous users without serioussearch time degradation.

The system allows the user toperform subject searches either byentering a sentence-style expression(free text) or by selecting search termsfrom the MeSH dictionary (Figure 4).

The user may also perform authoror journal title searches. Referencescan be printed to a local printer ordownloaded to disk for later use witha database or word processing pro-

For each search conducted, theKnowledge Server program records inan ASCII file residing on the Library'sfile server the date and time, the typeof search, the search query, searchduration, number of references foundand their relevancy to the query, andthe identification of the user. A scan-ning program was written to convertthis data into HyperCard records inorder to generate usage reports. AKnowledge Server version whichrecords the user name became avail-able in January 1990. User namesidentify the various Macintosh stationson the network. Since all Librarystation user names are known, thisdata permitted tracking of outsidelibrary use of Knowledge Server.

In the twenty months since theLibrary's five Knowledge Server work-

Of Mica & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 5

20

stations were opened to the public,approximately 74,000 searches havebeen performed. This number in-cludes only those searches yielding atleast one reference. Several Knowl-edge Server searches were usuallyperformed to complete one "intellec-tual search" since users must conductone search for each of t, six yearlyvolumes of the MEDLINE data keptonline or may need to try severalsearch queries in order to find thedesired references. Based on twelvemonths of Knowledge Server reportdata, library users searching at libraryworkstations accounted for 82.3% ofKnowledge Server use, outside usersaccounted for 10.2%, and library staff7.5%.

When Knowledge Server was firstinstalled, only the BIT Center, theComputer Lab, and the RadiologyDepartment could access the databaseover a Fastpath box bridge. Sincethen, 36 additional Fastpath boxeshave been installed to connect depart-mental Local Talk networks to thecampus-wide Net One network so thatMEDLINE Knowledge Server can besearched from office or lab. There arenow approximately 350 Macintoshworkstations in various campusbuildings available for searchingKnowledge Server. The system hasproved so popular that the BIT Centermaintains a Fastpath Box waiting listfor departments requesting an installa-tion.

Future Plans

The clinical branch library, Stoller-man, is located in a building thathouses the clinical faculty and is nearthe teaching hospitals. The users ofthe Library include third and fourth-

year medical students, residents,fellows, and faculty. The staff useMacintoshes in their work; however,there is no public access Macintosh forsearching Knowledge Server. Thebranch Library is in the process ofinstalling a Local Talk network that willbe connected to a Fast Path box. Eachexisting Macintosh will be connectedto the Local Talk network. In addition,a Macintosh Classic will be purchasedfor public use. Since the users of thebranch Library are infrequent users ofthe main Library, this will give themthe same access to local databasesearching that main Library users havebeen enjoying for nearly two years.

The public access Macintoshes inthe main Library are Mac Pluses withexternal floppy drives. This hardwarelimitation means that they are onlyused to access Knowledge Server. TheLibrary plans to upgrade these Macin-toshes with more memory and harddrives so that they can be used formore than one function. In addition, Iam in the process of developing aHyperCard interface that will allow theuser to select either the computer-aided reference application, KnowledgeServer or the Library's integratedsystem, Library Information System(LIS), that resides on the VAX. Thisprocedure would eliminate the needfor separate stations for separatefunctions.

Many users have expressed thedesire to access Knowledge Server fromhome. While the Library does have aShiva Net Modem connected to itsLocal Talk network, it is too slow at2400 baud to offer access to Knowl-edge Server from home. I am workingwith Bell Communications Research(Bellcore) to test the use of ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)for accessing information from a CD-

6 LIBRARIES

21

ROM. ISDN transmits at 64-128 Kb/seccompared to a 9600 baud modem at9.6 Kb/sec.

THE MACINTOSH AS THE LIBRARIAN'S

VIC,RKSTATION

All the librarians use their Macin-tosh computers for accessing LIS, forword processing, for keeping depart-mental statistics, and for accessing VAXelectronic mail systems. The CatalogingLibrarian uses PacerLink TCP/IP to

Fig. 5: The Stollerman library of the Univer-

sity of Tennessee, Memphis provides docu-

ment delivery and interlibrary loan services

to residents and medical faculty When the

Library's typewriter died, a Macintosh SE and

Clads' Hanker replaced the paper files.

This screen represents the request form for

document delivery in FileMakec

File Edit

Document Delivery Requests

One of the main functions of theStollerman clinical branch Library is toprovide a document delivery andinterlibrary loan (ILL) service to resi-dents and medical faculty. DOCLINE,an electronic ILL request service of theNational Library of Medicine, is usedfor requests that must be filled by non-UT libraries. However, a large numberof the requests are for items that canbe filled by the main UT Library. UntilNovember 1987, these requests were

Select Gadgets Format Font Style

ENTRY ILLS J

I'I

ORDEN NO

REQUEST RAU

NAME

STATUS

DEPT

JOURNAL CODE

IS

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connect to Internet-accessible onlinecatalogs. She finds it useful to see howother libraries catalog materials thatmay not be in OCLC. The librariansinvolved in teaching use the Macintoshconnected to a LCD (Liquid CrystalDisplay) overhead unit. Demonstra-tions on how to search the LIS onlinecatalog, Knowledge Server, and exter-nal databases such as MEDLINE aregreatly enhanced. Instead of staticoverheads, the participants can actuallysee in real time how the systems work.In addition, the Macintosh has beenfully integrated into two library opera-tions: document delivery requestproduction in the clinical Library andonline searching in the main Library.

processed by typing the informationonto multi-part ILL forms. One partwas filed in a documents-requestedbox, and the others were sent bymessenger twice a day to the mainLibrary's ILL/photocopy service. Itemsrequested were delivered by themessenger to the Stollerman Library.Stollerman staff then matched the filedcopies with the requested items. Formsfor loaned materials were placed in adate due box; forms for photocopiedmaterials were filed in a transactioncompleted box. Each day the staffpulled forms from the date due boxand wrote overdue notices or renewalrequests as appropriate.

When the staffs typewriter couldno longer be repaired, a Macintosh SE

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 7

22

and the general file manager, File Mak-er Plus, were acquired to processdocument requests. The staff chosethis combination for the followingreasons: (1) a document deliveryrequest form could be easily de-signed, (2) more than one form couldbe used with any file, (3) notices andstatistical reports could be easilydesigned and generated, (4) look-upfiles could be used for automatic dataentry, (5) default values could auto-matically be entered, and, (6) scriptscould be used to perform severalsteps automatically.

The system consists of six files:Entry ILLs, Active ILLs, Inactive Ills,Patron, Dept, and Status. The file,Entry ILLs, is used to enter newdocument requests (Figure 5).

Data such as order no., requestdate, authorized by, are automaticallyentered. Information about the re-questor is stored in the Patron file.This file serves as a lookup file for thefile, Entry ILLs. When the last name ofthe requestor is entered into a recordof Entry ILLs, the status and depart-ment of the individual is automaticallyentered if the name is in the Patronfile. When all the new requests havebeen entered into the Entry ILLs file,the request form.) for loans andphotocopies are printed. Once therequests have been printed, therecords from the Entry ILLs are movedto the file, Active ILLs, and deletedfrom Entry ILLs. When requesteddocuments arrive in the Library, thedate received is recorded in theappropriate record in the Active ILLsfile. If the item is a loan, a date isrecorded in the date due field. Eachday overdue notices and renewalrequests are printed from the ActiveIns file. At the end of the month,statistical reports are produced from

the Active ILLS file on the number offilled requests by department and bypatron status. After the statisticalreports have been produced, the filledILLs are moved to the Inactive ILLs. Atthe end of the year, statistical reportscan be produced from the InactiveILLs. After the reports are produced,the records are moved into an archivalfile and deleted from the Inactive ILLs.New patrons can be added to thePatron file at any time. The Dept andStatus files are used as lookup files inentering information in the Patron file.

Benefits derived from this systeminclude a reduction in time spent inclerical activities and access to infor-mation difficult to obtain from amanual system. Filing of paper copyhas been eliminated, and time spent indata entry has been reduced. Statisticalreports of requests by department, userstatus, and journal title that wouldhave required too much time tocompile manually can easily be pro-duced using the data entered into thissimple automated system.

External Online Database Searching

In the main Library, the Macintoshis not only used for online searching,but it is also used for the production ofstatements and statistical reports thatare associated with online searching.Until late 1988, a Texas Instrumentdumb terminal was used for onlinesearching. Searches were performed,the results printed on thermal paper,and statements prepared on the type-writer. The searches were then pickedup in the Library or sent by campusmail tc, the search requestor. Now eachonline searcher has on her desk aMacintosh connected to the LocalTalknetwork with access to a Shiva NetMo-

23macintoshed LIBRARIES G

dem. The searcher using Red Rydercommunications software performs thesearch and downloads the results.Notes may be added to the search, andextraneous material may be editedfrom the search. The results may bemailed electronically, printed or copiedto the user's diskette or file server. Ifthe search requestor wants to receivethe search results by electronic mail,

Fig. 6: Online requests are processed with

Claris' FileMaker with four separate files to

track accounts, users, departments and re-

quests. In this example from the Search

Requests file, information on the source of

the original inquiry are logged in for further

reference.

part was given to the requestor; onepart was kept in the Reference office;and two parts were sent to the Li-brary's business office. From thesestatements, statistical information wasmanually compiled concerning thedatabases searched, the status of therequestor, and the requestor's depart-ment. When a search was charged to auniversity account number, each

r * Fite Edit Select Gadgets Format Custom WindowSEWS REQUESTS

MilRowdy ;d

si

COMPUTER SEARCH REQUEST54

II.ATE 12111101 1 NEWEST NOWA 160 I

.ME.GPMMEMIT

ADDIIESS

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ACCOUPIT NAME

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; 0

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the searcher logs into the DEC VAXusing PacerLink, uploads the searchfile, and sends the search file via VAXMail to the search requestor. If thesearch requestor wants to receivepaper copy, the searcher puts thesearch into a drop box on the Libraryfile server and sends a Broadcastmessage to the reference libraryassistant. The reference library assistantretrieves the file and prints it.

Search requests are received eitherover the telephone, by walk-in, orelectronically via the VAX. Informationabout the search and the searchrequestor are included on a searchrequest form. The searcher uses theform to formulate and perform thesearch, and the reference libraryassistant prepares a statement usingthe request form. Until the fall 1990,the library assistant prepared a multi-part statement on a typewriter. One

account number also had to bechecked against a master paper list todetermine whether it was a validaccount. Since this was very timeconsuming, I designed a system usingFileMaker II to make the process moreefficient.

The FileMaker system consists offour files: Accounts, Users, Depart-ments, and Search requests. TheSearch requests file is used for enteringthe information about the searchrequest and the requestor (Figure 6).

Default data for some fields such asdate, searcher, database searched anddatabase cost are automatically en-tered. Some fields, such as search cost,are calculation fields which dependupon the information entered in otherfields. Some fields such as requestorstatus, department, vendor, database,and searcher have pop-up menus from

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy24

which the data entry person can makean appropriate selection.

The Accounts and Users files serveas lookup files for the file SearchRequests. When a requestor's lastname is entered into a record of theSearch requests file, the status, depart-ment, and college of the requestor isautomatically entered if the name is inthe Users file. New users can be addedto the Users file at any time. TheDepartments file is used as a lookupfile in entering information into theUsers file.

When an account number is en-tered into a record of the Searchrequests file, the account name and itsvalid dates are automatically entered ifthe account number is in the Accountsfile. If an account number is notpresent in the Accounts file, the library,assistant calls the appropriate personfor a correct number. New accountnumbers are added to and old onesterminated from the Accounts file asnecessary.

At the end of the each month, theSearch requests file is sorted by ac-count number, and the statements areprinted for the Library business office.Statistical reports arc also produced ondatabase usage, the status of therequestor, the college and departmentof the requcstor, and request method.These statistics are then incorporatedinto the Reference Department'sMicrosoft Works spreadsheet. To begina new month of data entry of searchrequests, the reference library assistantarchives the previous month giving it aname such as Jan Searches, makes acopy of the Search requests file from amaster, and begins data entry into anempty Search requests file.

The reference library assistant hasfound the system to be a great time-saver. She no longer has to manually

arrange the statements by accountnumber nor does she have to gothrough the statements tallying thestatistical information. With just theclick on a script name, she can have areport produced and printed in min-utes. The account numbers do nothave to be checked because they havebeen verified during data entry. Andsince the Accounts file is more up-to-date than the paper copy producedquarterly by the university accountingoffice, other departments in the Librxyare using a print-out from the file toverify account numbers.

SUMMARY

A fundamental purpose of theLibrary is to provide effective access toinformation regardless of its form. Asmore and more information is becom-ing available electronically, the Librarymust utilize an architecture to provideaccess as transparently as possible forboth end users and staff. Indeed, sincethe size of the Library staff will notlikely increase, it is necessary to searchfor more efficient ways to offer servic-es to users. The Macintosh, with itsconsistent, user-friendly interface, isproviding the UT Memphis librarieswith solutions to both these problems.Public access Macintoshes are used foranswering common directional andinstructional questions about theLibrary and for searching a local CD-ROM database. Staff Macintoshes havevirtually replaced the use of the type-writer with the result that less time isspent in producing written materials. Ithas replaced the Librarian's dumbterminal for accessing external andinternal electronic sources resulting inincreased functional capabilities. Fullyintegrating the Macintosh into two

10 LIBRARIES

25

p

library operations has resulted inreducing time spent in clerical activi-ties and making easy access to infor-mation difficult to obtain from amanual system. The staff of the UT

References

Memphis libraries continues to exploreways the Macintosh can be used tobring electronic information to thelibrary user and to integrate the Macin-tosh into the libraries' operations.*

1. Bellamy LM, Silver JT, Selig SA, Givens MK. Linking information about the library to the library userthrough hypermedia. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium. on ComputerApplications in Medical Care, 1989:853-7.

2. Silver JT, Bellamy LM, Selig SA. Use of a CD-ROM based searching tool on a Ma and campus widenetworks. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium on CGralptateT Applications inMedical Care, 1990:384-8.

3. Dalrymple PW. Knowledge Finder at Rockford: Evaluation of a CD-ROM MERU/0 system in acommunity-based medical school library and an outpatient clinic. In: Woodsmall RM, Lyon-HartmannB, Siegel E, eds. MEDLINE on CD-ROM. Medford, NJ: Learned Information, 1989: 97-116.

4. Doyle JD. Evaluation of MEDLINE Knowledge Finder: the system's features, uses, and use; at the GoodSamaritan Medical Center Library, Phoenix. In: Woodsmall RM, Lyon-Hartmann B, Siegel E, eds.MEDLINE on CD-ROM. Medford, NJ: Learned Information, 1989: 117-34.

As Systems librarian at the Health Science Library, University of Tennessee, Memphis,

Lois M. Bellamy manages and coordinates all library automation projects. Her main

projects have included the implementation of an integrated online library system, 115 or

Library Information System, and a networked version of MEDLINE on CD-ROM, Knowl-

edge Sava

She can be readied at:

Health Sience library

University of Tennessee, Memphis

877 Madison Ave., Rm 248

Memphis, TN 38163

A`

Aer, /Phone: (901) 528-5155

fax: (901) 528-7235

Bitnet: lbellamy@utmeml

Internet: lbellamy@utmeml .utmem.edu

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 26 11

NetworkingReferenceCD-ROMs

in theAppleLibrary

b yMary Ii Alen

ercik

n November of 1990,

SilverPlatter of Newton Lower

Falls, MA released version 2.0 of

MacSPIRS the search software for

their Macintosh CD-ROM

products. The most significant

feature of version 2.0 is the ability

to daisy chain CD-ROM drives

and search the CD-ROMs over a

network. We began beta testing

MacSPIRS 2.0 in the Apple

Library in September 1990. To

our delight, we found that with a

minimum of effort we were able

to network SilverPlatter's CD-

ROMs and provide multi-user

12

27macintoshed UBRARIES

access to them. Over two thousand Appleemployees can search the Library's CD-ROMs from their desktop. This test wasso successful that we are now workingon implementing it as a regular referenceservice offered by the Library.

Background on the Beta Test

The Apple Library has been offeringSilver Platter CD-ROMs to our users sincethe Macintosh search software firstbecame available in 1989. We beta tested

Fig. 1: This view of the Apple library

(Cupertino, Calif.) Reference CDs

server displays the window of desktop

with the hiacSPIRS Installer document,

tools and various tutorial documents. A

comment box allows users on the net-

work to send comments and questions

to the Reference staff and the Network

Administrator.

iCEM Apple Libran8 fterns 11,194a in aok

At Apple, we are very lucky becauselarge local area networks (LANs) are inplace that link our buildings together. Atthe corporate headquarters in Cupertino,Calif. there are two very -ge local areanetworks: the Engineering net and theInformation Systems & Technology net.These two networks are connected to anoptical fiber backbone which serves asthe infrastructure for our LAN system. Inthe Library, we run AppleShare overEthernet to connect to the fiber back-bone.

.Ref CD's

Zt ,171K ;Nana%

*MINN Ile 'tail,

MsuM 0911-ROM Wok

Corawals a ttpdbask

ril ICIAbout aut Wawa., KmaPlaS Maw tag*

Motet ERIC Disk

7tipatt MN** Disk

MacSPIRS 1.0 in September 1989 on threestand-alone Macs daisy chained to anImageWriter printer. These stations,located near the Reference desk, receiveda fair amount of use and a positiveresponse from our clients. When the betatest was complete, we implemented theCD-ROM stations as a regular referenceservice.

One year later, September 1990, betaversion 2.0 arrived. We were reallyexcited by the ability to network the CD-ROMs because one of the Library'sprimary goals has been to offer as manyservices as possible in an electronicformat, both in the Library and remotely.MacSPIRS 2.0 has helped us to movetoward that goal.

k "

The Engineering net is used by em-ployees in Research & Development(R&D), which include software andhardware engineers, computer andinformation scientists, hackers and all-around techie types. Because the Libraryreports into R&D, we also use this net ona daily basis. The Engineering net wasthe natural choice when we decided tomount our beta test of the CD-ROM fileserver. For the purpose of the test wewanted to run only one server, on onenetwork. This would give us morecontrol, allowing us to monitor the testclosely and keep server maintenance to aminimum. Users on the Engineering nethave high expectations for technoiogy, sowe knew we would receive varying

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik 13

28

Previous Record )

Fig. 2: MacSPIRS /ERIC Title Screen. a File Edit Help Search Show.1

SlluerPlatter u 2.0b1 ERIC (1/83 - 12/90),The ERIC Database

January, 19113 - December, 1990

The ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) databaseconsists of the Resources in Education (RIE) file of documentcitations and the Current Index to Journals In Education (CIJE) fileof the journal article citations from over 750 professionaljournals. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, ERIC Is anetwork of 16 Clearinghouses, each speclizing In a moralesubject area. RR

Typo e search request, then click the Start Search button.

rir

il

,v

ill1,1v.

Enter search: Combine terms using: 3113 or ED 053 MEI Cral4. 'macintosh and catalogs' .

Eil:=EI MI

feedback and many suggestions fromthem. We weren't disappointed!

Database Sekction

Silver Platter offers a number of data-bases on CD-ROM for the Macintosh. Forthis test we selected public domaininformation, eliminating the need forlicensing agreements with the databaseproducers. We already had permissionfrom Silver Platter to network the CD-ROMs. We used ERIC, MEDLINE andOSH-ROM, which contains occupationalsafety and health information. With theexception of ERIC, these databases aresomewhat peripheral to Apple's business,and soine users questioned our databaseselection. When we implement this test

as a full reference service, which we planto do in the next few months, we willselect databases which are more tailoredto our users.

Hardware 1. Software Configuration

Our CD-ROM network runs on a MacII with three AppleCD SC drives daisychainea _D the Mac II through the SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) port.The Mac II has a 40 Mb hard disk and 8Mb of RAM. This configuration is con-nected to the Engineering net by Ether-net.

AppleShare File Server software allowsthe Mac II to operate as a file serverwhere we have stored the MacSPIRSapplication and various tutorial docu-

Fig. 3: MacSPIRS/Record Display. File Edit Help Search ShowSiluerPlatter u 2.0b1 ERIC 41/83 - 12/90)

Retrieved RecordsSoren: APPLE CLASSROOM

4 of 14AN: EJA01032CHN:15520752AU: Roes, - Steven -M.; And-OthersTI: An Apple e Deg end et Night: A Distinct Tutoring Program for At-Rtsk Students.PY: 1989JA: Educatieml -Technology; v29 ne p23 -28 Aug 1969AY: UM1DT: Journal Articles (060); Reports - Descriptive (141)

EnglishDE: Distencii-Educetion; Elementary -Sscondsry -Education; ifigter-Eilicetion;Minority-Group-Children; T uteri -; Tutors-;DE : 'Computer - Assisted - Instruction; Electronic-Moil; .Nigh -Risk- Students; liorns-Study;

( Nast Record Saiect Fields

( Show Subset

(Search from Records )

( Select Recoil:7-1 tt

14

29

macintoshed UBRARIES

ments. The MacSPIRS 2.0 Installer fileresides on the file server called the"Apple Library Ref CDs" server. (Figure 1)

The MacSPIRS search software mustbe installed on each user's hard disk froma "MacSPIRS Installer" floppy disk. Ratherthan have every user come to the Libraryto pick up a copy of the Installer disk,we created an electronic "image" of thedisk and put it on the file server. Userscould then create their own installerfloppy from our disk image. We wrotestep-by-step directions for the installationprocess, and in most cases people did

fig. 4: MacSPIRS/Search Screen.

Reference Support for Users

Support for our users was provided in anumber of ways. In the initial announcement ofthe beta test, which was sent to 2,100 employees,we provided phone numbers and electronic mailaddresses for questions about the test. We hadtwo phone numbers for technical support: theReference desk and the number of the library'sNetwork Administrator. We created a drop boxon the server for questions or comments aboutthe beta test. Comments and suggestions werefollowed up by a phone call to the client.

it File Edit Help Search Show tSlluerPlatter u 2.0b1 ERIC (1/93 - 12/90)

Search HistoryNo. Records Swell Rsquot1 1224 APPLE2 58040 CLASSROOM" 14 APPLE CLASSROOM

Z51 1."

Enter search: Combine terms using: ED co ini Ulli with (near)4. apple classroo 4'

al=r1M Show Records Found BM

not have many problems copying andrunning the installer software.

Staff Training

Previously, all Library staff receivedhands-on training on MacSPIRS 1.0 at ourCD-ROM stations. Training for MacSPIRS2.0 consisted of an explanation of theupgrade at a staff meeting, a descriptionof the beta test, instructions for mountingthe CD-ROM server, and an invitation tofollow up with one-on-one training by aReference staff member, if desired.

All Reference staff were trained in the installa-tion of the MacSPIRS 2.0 application, which wethought would pose the most problems for users.Support for searching the CD-ROMs, regardingsearch strategy or database content, has alwaysbeen the responsibility of the Reference staff, sowe were experienced with questions of thisnature.

Using an in-house application, we createdseveral documents which made access to the"Apple Library Ref CDs" file server almost instan-taneous for our users. This application allows adesignated path to a volume to be saved intodocuments for later use. This eliminated severalsteps in getting the CD-ROM databases from thelibrary's server to the user's desktop.

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik

3015

User Feedback

Apple employees usually have anopinion, or at least a comment! Wereceived immediate response from ourusers as soon as the announcement of thebeta test was made. The feedback wasoverwhelmingly positive. People werevery happy to be able to search biblio-graphic databases from their desks. TheApple campus is spread out over severalmiles, and this service definitely savestime for our clients. They also lovedbeing able to do their own searching, freeof charge. Users responded with com-ments such as, "This has saved us manytrips to the Library" and "This is reallyNeat! Now let's expand it!!".

Some departments, with greaterinformation needs, were especiallypleased. Employees in one of Apple'sAdvanced Technology groups were elatedto be able to access ERIC. The managerof this department aggressively promotedthe service to his employees and they arenow among our most active users. Wekeep in touch with them, making sure tocommunicate whenever the system isdown. This has happened just once,when we received a defective ERIC disk.Silver Platter promptly replaced the diskand we were up and running in a fewdays time.

Users had many excellent suggestionsabout the test. Every query was followedup with a phone call or e-mail messagewithin 24 hours. This was to keep themomentum going and the interest in theproject high. As a result of one user'sfeedback, we immediately expanded ournetworked CD-ROM offerings, adding anew volume of in-house Apple publica-tions important to our programmingcommunity. We placed document deliv-ery information on the server when the

inevitable question arose, "How do I getthe full text of the articles I found on xdatabase?" We also received much valu-able feedback on the MacSPIRS interface,which we passed on to Silver Platter. Weplan to incorporate as much user feed-back as possible into the final design ofour reference CD service.

Usage Statistics

We know of no network software thatlets you tally the number of times a fileserver has been accessed, so we do nothave actual usage statistics on the CD-ROM server. Our Network Administratormonitors usage simply by physicallychecking to see if the CD-ROM drives arein use. He reports that our ERIC disk isaccessed several times a day, and OSH-ROM and MEDLINE are used occasional-ly. This anecdotal method of determiningusage is inefficient and impractical. Wewould like to have a more quantitativemeasure of usage. We look forward tothe day when accurate monitoring soft-ware for networks will be available.

Successes

The ease of installation of this CD-ROM network was truly incredible! Nohardware or software compatibilityproblems, no controller cards, no flippingof dip switches, no autoexec.bat files. Itwas really plug and play. It took thelibrary's Network Administrator about 1.5hours to install the hardware and soft-ware, then connect the server to theEngineering net. It took another 3.5 hoursto write tutorial and other miscellaneousdocuments. In about five hours time wewere ready to roll out our test.

Search speed across the network hasbeen excellent. A single term search on

16

31maantoshed LIBRARIES 0

ERIC took less than a second to produceresults. A boolean search was approxi-mately 1.17 seconds. This was using aMacintosh IIfx and an Ethernet connec-tion. Search speed at your desktopdepends on several factors: the speed ofthe file server, speed of searcher's com-puter, the kind of network connectionused and the volume of network traffic.There were no problems with more thanone user accessing the same CD-ROMsimultaneously, and there seemed to bevery little degradation in data transferspeed. On the average, it took 16-17seconds to switch from one database toanother. If you were searching ERIC andwished to change disks to MEDLINE, youwere on the MEDLINE search screenwithin 16 seconds. We expected remoteaccess to the CD-ROMs to be muchslower, so this was a pleasant surprise.

Both hardware and software seemedstable and reliable. We experienced verylittle down time during this test. Servermaintenance has been low, staff supportlighter than expected and users seem veryhappy with remote access to bibliograph-ic databases.

Problems/Challenges/Bugs

Each update disk from Silver Platter hasa different, cryptic disk name such as:ERDO, ORDO, MLAI. We have to reviseour help documents each time we receivean updated disk and this is inconvenient.In addition, when users log on to the CD-ROM file server they see these disknamesERDO, ORDO, etc. This is quiteconfusing and meaningless to therm

Troubleshooting technical problems isone of the challenges of offering a refer-ence service over a network. Whenremote users call with access problems, itcan be difficult to determine exactly thelocation of a problem. We had a defective

disk in our drive, and users called to tellus they couldn't search the database. Hadthe user installed the software correctly?Was the problem affecting all the CD-ROMs or just one? Were the problemswith our hardware or software? Or werethey related to the network connectionsto our building, the user's building, etc.?There are more variables and less localcontrol when troubleshooting problemswith remote electronic services. It reallyhelps to have technically astute staff whocan solve such problems as they arise.

If the MacSPIRS application doesn'treside at the root folder level of the user'shard disk, the application doesn't work.In other words, if you take the MacSPIRSapplication and put it in another foldercalled "Programs," the application willnot run. This bug caused problems forseveral of our users because the ability toplace applications inside folders is astandard feature of the Mac interface. Wegave this feedback to Silver Platter duringthe beta test, but did not see this bugcorrected in the released version ofMacSPIRS 2.0. We hope it will be ad-dressed in later versions of the software.

Summary

Generally, both users and staff mem-bers have been very satisfied with theperformance of Silver Platter's CD-ROMson the Engineering network. We havehad a minimal amount of down time,users have found the CD-ROMs easy touse, and staff support for the service hasbeen less than expected. We plan toexpand this test into a fully implementedreference service. This will involveextending the service to both of Apple'sLANs (the Engineering net and the IS&Tnet), careful database selection, comple-tion of multi-user licensing cor' _Ls and

much more aggressive marketing of the

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik 17

34

service. More of the Library's budget willneed to be allocated toward the purchaseof CD-ROMs with multi-user access. Webelieve that providing database searchingof CD-ROM products across our networksgives our clients what they wantremoteelectronic access to the world's literature.

We're committed to reaching this goaland each day we get closer to it.*

Special thanks to Kevin Broun, InformationSpecialist and Bill Reding, Information TechnicalSupport Specialist of the Apple Library for all theirwork on the MacSPIRS beta test project.

13*, Mary Elea Bard supervises the Reference and Network groups in

the Corporate library at Apple Computer, Inc. in Cupertino, CA.

She can be reached at

Apple library

Apple Computer Inc.

10831 Bandley Drive, MS-8C

Cupertino, CA 95014

Phone: (408) 974-3058

Fax: (408) 725- 8502

Applelink: BERCIK

Internet: bercik@applelink.apple.com

18 macintoshed UBRARIES 0

C)001 CI

WINTON cONIPUTERS' IIT THE

UNIVERVIPI OF THE ROT LIRIIRIES"

acintosh computers are used throughout the Libraries atThe University of the Arts, as yet without being net-worked together. However by using them, we have

transformed and vastly improved our office and administrativework, general word processing, and the printed component ofour teaching and reference activities. We also use Macs in anumber of other ways, including online computer searchingfor use with multimedia products, and to control importantsegments of our collections, notably the slide collection. Thisreport, rather than an in-depth look at any particular applica-tion, is a summary of work in progress.

Background

The University of the Arts, located in thecultural heart of Philadelphia, is a five-year oldcombination of two venerable century-old artsinstitutions: the Philadelphia College of Art andDesign and the Philadelphia College of Perform-ing Arts, the latter with Schools of Dance, Music,

and Theater. The merger of these two institutionsalso brought into existence a unified librarysystem which consists of the Albert M. GreenfieldLibrary for materials and services in art, design,dance, drama, and the humanities, a Slide Librarywith resources useful to programs throughout theUniversity, and a Music Library.

by Stephen Bloom

19

34

Macintosh computers are in prominent use inmany arts fields, and at a university in which thearts are the major focus, Macintoshes abound. Insuch a setting, the choice of Macintoshes formany library applications has been natural.Although the Libraries of The University of theArts have been using OCLC to catalog since1982, when a grant materialized in 1989 toinitiate local automation, the selection of sixMacintosh SEs each with 20 Mb hard disks,together with Image Writers and an Apple Laser-Writer IINT was easily made. Upon their arrivalthese units were distributed to the offices of theHead of Technical Services, the Reference Librar-ian, the Director, the Periodicals Technician, the

Reference

The University of the Arts' Reference Librarianbegan very early to use the Mac to produceattractive notices and signs, as well as a varietyof bibliographies and finding aids. .All of thesematerials are updated regularly, and their uni-form format allows relatively easy production ofnew titles. Beyond these bibliographic templates,in a rapidly expanding library instruction pro-gram, special interest bibliographies are custom-ized 1.0 specific course needs. These specificallydesigned products contribute significantly to ourprogram of library instruction within the curricu-

"Administrative uses of the Macintosh have becomevital. As often happened with institutionalconsolidation and expanding academic programs,growth in the Libraries' budget and service activitieshave outpaced growth in staff"

Slide Library, and the Music Library. Thus beganour first taste of administrative computing andthe adaptation of a host of other applications tovarious library operations.

We standardized from the beginning oncertain applications (Microsoft's Word v. 4.0,Excel v. 2.2, and Works v. 2.0, Fox's FoxBASE+/Mac v. 2.01, and HyperCard) in the expectationof developing a local network within the Librar-ies. The local area network has been slow indeveloping, due in part to initial inexperience,time, telephone system constraints, and, aboveall, the constant individual use of the computers.Even in the absence of a networked environ-ment, our Macintoshes have become indispens-able many members in their work.

lum, and increase the length of time each in-struction session influences students. In addition,this year the Library initiated online computersearching of RLIN as well as access to databaseson EasyNet. This service has been made possibleby a Macintosh in the Reference Librarian'soffice. As a search terminal, the Mac allows easydownloading, simple editing, and elegantlyreformatted results with Microsoft Word

Administration

Administrative uses of the Macintosh havebecome vital. As often happens as a conse-quence of institutional consolidation and ex-panding academic programs, growth in theLibraries' budget and service activiti( s haveoutpaced growth in staff. Statistics-gathering and

2035

mdcintoshed LIBRARIES 0

analysis, budget preparation, financial ledger andbook order reconciliation, and student wagereports have been automated, usually withhome-grown Excel applications. Excel's ease ofuse likewise has allowed the distribution ofmany of these activities to more appropriate staff.When monthly budget reports were initiated inorder to consolidate and improve control ofadministrative and materials expenditures, theprocess was quickly learned by a senior librarytechnician who had little previous computerexperience. The process has appropriately givenher a much larger measure of control over ouraccounting process and its need for constantliaison with the University's finance office. Andher new facility with the computer encouragedher to propose and supervise the conversion toMicrosoft Word of a manual subject authority filefor our extensive picture file.

Student wage reporting illustrates the conve-nience and adaptability of our Macintoshes. Theauthor used and admired for many years astudent wage report developed lovingly andpainstakingly at another university by a skilledcomputer programmer for a non-Macintoshsystem. Using that program as a model, Excelwas employed to record data and producereports on the use of hours and money for eachstudent and supervisor. When student employeesare hired, basic data is entered in a "StudentEmployment Summary," which is set up as a"dependent" Excel database. At the end of eachpay period, student work is recorded and auto-matically computed in a linked "supporting" file,the "Student Pay Period Report." Cost to theLibraries, total hours worked, and the amount oftime remaining on the student's allocation iscomputed and reported to the linked "Summary"report. Some of that information in turn can beproduced as a report to supervisors so that theycan pace student work to fit allocations and keepstudents informed about the progress of theirwork study grants.

Multimedia

The original purchase of computer equipmentin 1989 included an introduction to HyperCardinteractive multimedia packages, notably Voyag-er's "The National Gallery of Art Laserguide."Noting an emerging interest especially within themuseum education field in exploiting the poten-tial of this medium, the Libraries purchased aSony videodisc player and a monitor to be usedin conjunction with a Macintosh computer in theSlide Library. The Slide Library is heavily used byfaculty preparing class presentations and bystudents carrying out viewing assignments, andso it was a logical place to intercept faculty whomight consider assigning viewing or interactivelessons from the packaged program. It was alsohoped that its availability might spur interest indeveloping custom interfaces to the videodiscusing HyperCard's programming language,HyperTalk.

During the academic year 1989-90, generalinterest in and activities related to computertechnologies grew substantially throughout theUniversity, encouraged in part by the formationof a broadly representative University Technolo-gies Committee. University-funded computerlaboratories were built and equipped for use inait and design fields, as well as in music toexpand opportunities for students and faculty inthe use of MIDI technology. When Universityfunds were offered competitively for new initia-tives, the Libraries succeeded in gaining supportfor an expansion of interactive multimediacapabilities. Additional videodiscs were pur-chased, including titles relating to music andcomputer graphics. We also purchased our firstinteractive program for audio compact disc:Robert Winter's "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony"produced by the Voyager Company. It includes acommercial compact disc recording of the NinthSymphony together with an interactive Hyper-Card program which searches and plays passag-es from the CD to illustrate thematic,musicological, and historical dialog and graphicson the computer screen. Additional titles havebeen acquired since. Also purchased, and a key

In Splendid Isolation /Stephen Bloom 21

36

to the long-term success of our proposal, wereHyperCard "toolkits" for audio CDs and video-discs, which allow the creation of custom inter-active HyperC,ard stacks for use with commercialaudio CDs or compatible videodiscs, by addingtiming instructions.

To accommodate this expansion, one newMac SE with two CD drives was set up in theMusic Library next to our other audio equipment.In the Greenfield Library another new SE withvideodisc drive and TV monitor was set up in thepublic reading area. Also as part of the newinitiative, similar hardware for both audio CDand videodisc was purchased for the University'sAudiovisual Services so that the equipment couldbe distributed to classrooms and faculty officesfor presentations and development. The Hyper-

Card toolkits are loaded on the hard disks ofeach of the Libraries' and Administrative Services'multimedia stations. Audio CD and videodiscprograms are kept in the reserve sections of thetwo libraries, and are circulated like other re-serve materials for room use as well as overnightto encourage development of curricular applica-tions.

Slide Library

Nowhere in the Libraries have Macintoshcomputers have been used to greater operationaleffect than in the Libraries' large slide collection.For a number of years we have been looking toprovide some measure of automated control tothe slide collection. We needed a relationaldatabase which would give us a unified andcontrolled artists' file as well as a record ofindividual titles, from which we could simplifythe production of labels (one for each slide anddrawer dividers for each artist and each specificimage). A database of this sort would allow us tocreate directories and other custom lists, whichwould overcome the problems of a lack of aclassification scheme for the slides and thephysical arrangement of slides by artist andlocation. With more ambition than exact informa-tion on how we cared to construct this database,

we eventually chose FoxBASE+/Mac v. 2.01, inpart because of our belief that it offered the bestpotential as a link to HyperCard that mightemerge from the Libraries' and University'sinterest in multimedia.

FoxBASE has taken a long time to learn, butwe have begun to see impressive results inefficiency through the organization of a database,combined with increased staff involvement andinterest in the entire actual process of puttingtogether the database. We started with theconversion of the artist file, from which weproduced a number of useful finding lists.Constructing a database also functioned as alearning exercise in FoxBASE for the staff. Wenow are converting and adding a file devoted toslide titles, from which we can produce multiplelabels. Even with an Image Writer II, by usingstandard abbreviations and proportional spacing,our labels now contain more information withoutsuffering in readability. And the database isbecoming an elaborate resource with informationfar beyond what appears on the actual slides.Although we have just begun the process ofselecting an integrated computer system forgeneral Library holdings, it is our intentioneventually to have the Slide Library database as auseful element of that system-wide resource.

Conclusion

Over the past two years Macintosh computershave become invaluable to our operations. Inaddition to the variety of uses within the Librar-ies, each staff member who uses these comput-ers has found the Macintosh to help facilitaterelationships to other individuals and programsin the University. Faculty-produced HyperCard

stacks are shared, users consult with Library staffon software applications and problems, and we,as a result, contribute to deliberations on thefuture of computing on campus as well asnetworking with other departments. Within theLibrary, we are now beginning to focus onputting together a local area network of theMacintoshes in conjunction with finalizing a

22 LIBRARIES31

decision over an integrated system. As we planfor that integrated Library system, with its poten-tial for remote use and access to graphic materi-als, we are visualizing links with our Macs andothers throughout the University. But either

Stephu Mow is Director of University Libraries at The

University of Arts in Philadelphia, PA.

He con be reached at:

University libraries

The University of the Arts

Broad and Pine Streets

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Phone: (215) 8751111

Fax: (215) 875-5467

within that integrated system or in a separateLAN, our challenge is continue to empower andexperiment with as much success as we haveachieved while they have been electronicallyisolated from each other.*

in Splendid lsolteion/Stephen Bloom 23

38

CarolBonham

HOW I GOT HERE

in the summer of 1989, I was looking for li-brary work, so I called likely organizations within

a sixty mile radius of my new home nearHillsborough, North Carolina. GTE GovernmentSystems in the Research Triangle Park called rightback and offered me a short term project to iden-tify their requirements for a technical library.

I accepted, and went through their materialsidentifying the type and scope. I wrote a tentativejob description and outlined some ideas for futurespace layout, materials handling and computerneeds. By the end of the six week period, I hadfinished this documentation and started a full-timejob as Automation Coordinator for the DanvillePublic Library in Virginia.

SI--*Kffk.,V'KffSYSTEM SI-JEvb24 UBRARIES 63

39

(Add to Inde9

Modify Date )

What I Looked at First

Fig. 1: The opening card of Mike Steiner's

library Management HyperCard stack gives

the user basic fields for author, publisher,

circulation, notes, and due dates.

In April 1990, GTE called again and offered me a permanentposition to implement my projected plan. I began work withinweeks. I spent part of the first month emptying boxes, organizingfurniture and getting phone and computer hookups. When I hadfinally dug out, I began to look at software packages available tobuild a library cr:alog and circulation system.

I knew that my automation choices for the Library would have tobe 'Mac' based. Due to the Macintosh's graphic capability, it wasGTE's system of choice. Ur, to this time, my experiences were onlywith IBM PC-based systems and so I had a lot to learn in a hurry. Itook a couple of basic courses on the Macintosh and began to talk tosoftware representatives.

I identified six vendors, and obtained demo products from them.The library applications were Resource Librarian from AccuWareBusiness Solutions, Mac Book II Plus from Library Interface SystemsInc., Bib lio-Tech from Platinum which was based in Paris; MIS (MacLibrary System) from Caspr; Mac the Librarian from Richmond Soft-ware; and CALM (Computer Assisted Lii_.:qry Management) fromSerenity Partners in Alabama. Most cost thousands of dollars and hada lot more power than I needed.

TitleInt22.xtiQtf porta

Author:Publiskor:

Cllootiot out ity

cosina..ts:1D1149ayilac91ZCixalOzsre,sotilil.e.VaVtttBdlzccmsotatIVL3x9AItxbamxLsarylcrtanMVMO.K.___-J22Azc.CdhaaSnV?"elaMlszsntrEtezy-tOw..4oICPamrttutRdrccazsl.alfrlbtsktszfccttaCcoklartlamsLoltf-

_QASi

Add New Book)Dote Chop burg out Delo duo Is 40

1.0 43 ID (4> *I

As a point of reference, I serve 150 engineers in Software, Hard-

ware, Systems and Training. The Library contains a collection ofaround 10,000 items, which needed to be processed and cataloged. Iwas looking for a program that would allow me to register my pa-trons, catalog the materials and connect the two with some kind ofdue date. After much research and discussion, one of the GTE engi-neers gave me a HyperCard shareware program called Library Man-agement that he had downloaded from a bulletin board (Figure 1).

I tested for a week, sent the developer, Mike Steiner of SierraVista, Ariz., $50, and began to configure the stack for the Library.

A Shareware System Shared/Carol Bonham 25

40

Odd to nden)(Rdd a New Book)

Modify Bata )

Modifying HyperCard Shareware

Fig. 2: Modifications to the Library Manage-

ment stack included dropping the Comments

field and adding to the stack fields for call

number, format, price, place of publication,

date of publication, and subject tracings.

The engineer, who originally located the stack, and I modified thepackage to meet some of my previously outlined basic requirementsfor the Library. I told him what fields I needed and he helped me todesign the card. For instance, I dropped the 'Comments' field andmoved the 'Checked out by' field to the bottom of the card. I alsoadded 'Call Number,' Format,"Price,"Place,"Year' and 'Subject'fields (Figure 2).

f-1 111111111111111111MIEll53I Computer end the Brain

Author: _Ladd, Scott1PubUslupr...ledxneleIstAleletftethicirem). Pt = NewYcwic

can 0335 L32 1986

Farm*: Book

Pre= ISBN 0-553-34264-9

Cheeky' yot by

Yr..t9

Computers /Brain

Dato Choi:11*d out Date duo ha

I<:3 lb c> bl

Because the 'Title' and 'Subject' fields scroll up and down, I canput in as much information and as many subject headings as I needfor each item. I click on the 'Add a new book' field to add materialand I go to the menu to 'delete' a book. The 'Sort' icon in the upperleft corner of the card alphabetizes titles for me and the 'show all'icon in the upper right corner quickly pages through the whole stack.

On the 'Index' card, when you click 'Find,' displayed as the smalleye at the bottom, a screen opens for you to enter a term and thensearches for it

Keywords link cards together and provide access by author, title,subject, ISBN, patron's name, phone number or any other data fieldelement. I can even search part of a word with right and left handtruncation.

Cataloging To check my cataloging against a standard and come up withsubject headings and class numbers, I use a modem with the Mac toaccess the combined catalogs of Duke, NC State and University of NCat Chapel Hill. This access also allows me to borrow from them to fillILL requests for engineering patrons, to provide materials not withinthe scope of my Library. When I do an online search, I usually splitthe costs across several departments, justifying the financial bottomline as well as increasing interdepartmental communication.

I am in the process of cataloging collections of materials stored inthe offices of GTE's managers. This project will help me track downitems in the facility and also verify that a given person is willing to

26

41macintos ed LIBRARIES 0

Network Access to the Catalog

lend it. This gives me the luxury of not locating everything physicallyin the Library as long as I can maintain a sort of geographicinventory.

When a library item is checked out, I enter the employee's nameand a unique-to-GTE four-digit phone extension in the 'Checked outby' field of this customized HyperCard stack. The program automati-cally computes a four-week due date and a 'Return the book' buttonappears.

Clicking on this button, when an item is returned, will clear therecord, ready for the next patron checkout, or for the original patronto renew for another four weeks. If an item needs to be reserved, Iadd the second person to the 'Checked out by' field and contact themwhen the item returns.

The Library catalog is available on GTE's VAX Server so over 80Macs in the building have access to it through the AppleTalk net-work. The route for any patron on the Server is straightforward. Theyselect "Public Folder' on the Chooser, get 'Carol Bonham' from theLibrary AppleTalk Zone, select `NCSC Library' (North Carolina Sys-tems Center), and then send it to their own listing. Of course, patronson the network cannot modify information in the catalog, but alwayshave 'read access' to it.

As I interact with my patrons, I better understand their informationneeds as engineers in various subject areas. For example, when onepatron finished a project, I subject-coded every item she had used bythe project name. I then printed card sheets in alphabetical title orderfor her records, using the LaserWriter printer on the network.

Disadvantages Using shareware to operate a Library is not without problems. Inthe case of this particular HyperCard stack, there is a lack of statisticsand circulation reports, which would be available in more sophisticat-ed and expensive library- specific applications. There is no provisionfor reserves and overdues. With some modification, I corrected thesedeficiencies to issue overdue notices by simply printing the recordsas needed.

There is not a way to perform boolean searches, but, at this point,my database is small so that single-term searches have a high hit rate.I always search the bibliographic database before cataloging, so that Idon't create duplicate records. A more powerful system would auto-matically check the database for me. As the catalog grows, sorts takeslonger. I now allow one afternoon a week for this process andbackup the entire stack onto to a single diskette at the same time,archiving it in another location.

Future Directions The catalog will soon grow beyond the size of a single floppy, sothat backups will require a tape drive or hard disk for storage. I amworking on getting a more powerful computer, with a larger screen

.1.0.0111.

A Shareware System Shared/Carol Bonham 27

4^

macintoshed

and more memory. Modifications continue on the stack. Within the next sixmonths, I will have the stack count each transaction for me, for statisticalpurposes. I don't ever expect to have sophisticated reporting capability, butthen accounting for materials is more important to my administration thanstatistics.

This particular system is user-affectionate and easy to handle. There arefamiliar Mac icons, graphics, menus, and commands. Using a single screenis efficient for my operation, much more than the multiple screens ofseveral developers and their library-specific software, which gave me moreinformation than I ever needed about a book. Multiple screens for trackingdifferent kinds of patrons, bar codes for circulation, or MARC are unneces-sary, given the scale of this Library.

Of course, this shareware will probably only work well for a smalllibrary. But my research found that it is just the kind which is overlookedby software developers. They perhaps incorrectly assume that there are notenough of us to be worth the effort since the financial rewards by thismarket may be marginal.

My automation efforts have had the complete support of GTE's Opera-tions Manager, which makes my job very satisfying. I intend to remainopen to new software options, but for the present, given the performanceof this HyperCard shareware, you sure can't beat the price.*

, 5

After twelve years with the Fairfax County Public library in Northern Virginia,

Carol Bonham relocated to North Carolina in August 1988. She's had an IBM

clone at home for the last six years, but since May 1989, has learned about the

Macintosh at GTE. To quote Carol, "This means that I ride English saddle during

the day and Western on the weekends and fall off the horse regularly." She edits

GTE staff newsletter so she's polished her writing skills while learning the tech-

niques of desktop publishing. She is also a journalist, producing a syndicated col-

umn entitled 'Common Scold.'

,i;1 Carol can be reached through postal agents at:

I GTE Government Systems

400 Park Plaza

Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709$:

Phone: (919) 549-4118

Fax: (919) 549-1299

TeleMail I C.Bonham.

28

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

LIBRARIES 63

Potf-evb-ofrke cf2w.bts-2viii4,6,

trvt e--f +RR

C6./Nafrp-mkr

by Kay Brodie & Claudia Jewell

hesapeake College, a rural community college,

serves residents of a five-county area on the Eastern shore

of Maryland. b. is the only public post-secondary

institution in these counties, and recognizes its mission

as a community resource. Nearly a decade ago, with

funds from a Title III grant administered through the

Learning Resource Center (LRC), the College

published a Directory of Community Services, listing

both public and private community social service

agencies in the five-county region. Over the years,

44

29

frequent calls to the LRC lamentedthat this publication had not beencontinued or revised. Additionalencouragement to revise the Directorycan from an employee of the College,an ardent supporter and user of theLRC, and also the chairman of agroup, coordinating literacy activitiesamong many agencies on the Shore.She expressed her difficulty in findinga tool that listed agencies where shecould send her clients for help withtheir personal problems.

The Administrator of the LRCdecided that it was time to revise andpublish an updated Directory ofCommunity Seruices. The MediaTechnology Services Coordinatoragreed to assist in this endeavor. Thefriend-of-the-Library and LiteracyCoordinator, empowered with abun-dant enthusiasm, agreed to providefunds for clerical assistance for devel-oping the database, that would be thefoundation of the Directory. She alsopromised to locate funds for printingand distribution.

Selection of Project Software

One of the first steps of the projectwas to find software that would servedual purposes, to create a databascand subsequently format output sothat it could be published as theDirectory. Because other directoriesexist for other areas of the state, oftenpublished by public libraries, theMedia. Technology Services Coordina-tor began to contact parties responsi-ble for these projects. Indeed itappeared that there was excellentsoftware available for this project, butmost of it was well beyond ourmeans.

We then considered some of themore well-known, non-Macintoshdatabase programs. At this point, wewere hoping to cooperate with publiclibraries in the area and create adatabase for everyone to use andshare. But we were the only Macin-tosh-based agency in the group. Theenormity of our task seemed moreevident with each passing phone call.The Media Coordinator, being aMacintosh-oriented computer genie,began to be discouraged. With theclerical help starting soon, the Admin-istrator was getting nervous. So wesaid...

Hey, let's go with what we know!No big deal creating a Mac database!And we'll just turn the database into aword processing document... HA!

We discovered that indeed it wasno big deal to create the databaseusing Works. Our clerical help, astudent clerk, caught on immediately,even though she had never used aMac before. It was easy to createmailing labels to ship proof sheets to avariety of agencies for corrections.

The difficult part in this project wasturning the Works database into adocument that could be printed as adirectory. Part of the difficulty wasborn in the variable lengths of the fielddevoted to the description of servicesby agencies, a description which couldbe very long. We devised several fieldsin the database to input these descrip-tions, and getting these fields to wrapwas the most tedious of our problems.

The Media Coordinator spent manyhours working with the document andtalking orer possible solutions with allsorts of computer "experts." In theend, we transported the Works data-base into Word 4.0 as enriched text tocreate a word processing document.The editing was then done in this

30 45 macintoshed UBRARIES

form. Was it a perfect solution? No.Did it work? Of course, and the resultwas professional and easy to read.

Compiling the Database

The Administrator, in addition tohand wringing, was responsible forcompiling and verifying data for theclerk to enter into the database thateventually the Media Coordinatorcould print. Area public librariesassisted with data compilation bymaking their information and referralfiles available to us. From these files,the Administrator would locate appro-priate agencies, edit the entries, andthe clerk could subsequently enter theinformation into Works.

The initial compilation from thesepublic library sources went smoothly.Each library file contained both uniquerecords and duplicates of entries ofother libraries. To these files, weadded records from our older directo-ries. We also scanned local newspa-pers each day for months for word ofnew agencies, phone numbers, andcontact persons. For the most part,duplicates were weeded by usingsimple functions in the database.

In order to verify the data, recordswere submitted to various agencies forupdates and corrections. We encloseda self-addressed stamped envelope forreplies, and the response was excel-lent. After records were mailed toagencies, the Media Coordinatordumped the database into a wordprocessing document. The clerkcontinued to add new agencies to anew data file. Printouts for verificationwere later sent to agencies from thisdata file and then these parallel fileswere merged. As corrections andupdates were received, the clerk fixed

address and contact information in thedatabase. The Administrator correcteddescriptive data in the word processingfile.

Nitty-Gritty: Cleaning the Database for

Publication

After five months of data collection,entry, and verification, the clerkgraduated, other library employeeswent off on vacation, and the MediaCoordinator and Administrator faced along summer. Because the agencieschange frequently, additions andcorrections never seemed to end. Acut-off date of July 1 was set afterwhich we would not enter additionalagencies into the database.

The Administrator spent the monthof July editingstandardizing agencynames, removing organizationsdeemed inappropriate, and checkingentries. If we had not received aresponse from an agency, a summerclerknormally occupied with circula-tion in the LRCphoned the organiza-tion for verification. Only a few phoneverifications were needed. After theedited text was printed, style andformat changes were made, andspelling errors were corrected. Asubject index, table of contents, andready reference sections were added.Since the Directory was arranged inalphabetical order by name of theagency, other indexes were not creat-ed.

Final Product Released

In early August, the Media Coordi-nator completed a cover design, madesome final design changes, and printedthe Directory of Upper Shore Communi-

Database Publishing/Kay Brodie & Claudia Jewell 31

46

ty Services. The publication wasprinted at the College Print Centerwith a plastic cover and spiral bind-ing. The Literacy Coordinator kept herpromises of supportboth financialand moral!

The resulting Directory was wellreceived by community agencies,schools, and on campus. An updatededition will be printed again next

summer (I can't believe I wrote that!).At some point, we may merge ouroperation with that of the EasternShore Regional Library, which has agrant to compile a computer databaseof all these organizations and agencies!In any case, the positive response fromthe community made the projectworthwhile.*

Kay Brodie is the Administrator of the

Learning Resource Center at Chesapeake

College in Wye Mills, MD.

She can be contacted through the post at:

Chesapeake College

P.O. Box 23

Wye Mills, MD 21679

Phone: (301) 758-1537

Fax: (301) 827-9466.

Claudia Jewell is the Coordinator of Media

Technology Services at Chew, Ike College in

Wye Mills, MD. Claudia manages the library's

computers as well as audiovisual materials.

She can be contacted by mail at

Chesapeake College

P.O. Box 23

Wye Mills, MD 21679

Phone: (301) 758-1537

Fax: (301) 827-9466.

32

47LIBRARIES-61

1111

/11111 SS S

1111

Using the Macintoshin a Business School Library

he Aarhus School of Business is one of the majorbusiness colleges in Denmark. It has approximately 5000

students from Denmark and a number of exchange students,mostly from Europe and the United States. The school has

two faculties, the Economics Faculty and the Faculty of ModernLanguages. The Language Faculty teaches four foreignlanguages: English, German, French, and Spanish. The Library

at the Business School functions as a shared service to boththe Economics and Modern Languages faculties.

by Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen

33

48

The Macintosh has been in use at bothfaculties for about five years. It firstappeared in the Faculty of ModemLanguages where it was introduced in1986 by Mr. Henrik Holmboe, seniorlecturer and head of the Department ofComputational Linguistics.

The concept of a Library informationsystem originated as a solution to twoproblems known to the Library adminis-tration. There definitely was a need tointroduce patrons to Library facilities thatwere not well known. There also was adesire to free personnel from answeringgeneral, time-consuming reference inquir-ies that could be answered by a publicinformation program, set up on worksta-tions in the Library. This information

Fig. 1: The introductory stack of the Aarhus School

of Business library provides a language option

through the guide. This system can also be ad-

justed for other languages in the School, including

French, German, or Spanish.

Development of the Library Information system

Even in the hands of inexperienceddevelopers, HyperCard is a powerfulapplication. In our example, we startedwith a general outline of the contents.With this blueprint, we invented a layoutfor the entire stack. From that point on,development was limited only by ourimagination and our rapidly increasingskills in manipulating HyperCard.

The Library information system, basedon HyperCard, consists of five stacks.Each stack contains from three to 44cards. Let's examine each of the compo-nents, which includes introductory,informational, navigational, and graphicsstacks.

D ansk EnglishTryk med musen p. d t foretrukne sprog

Click with the mouse on the language you prefer]

system would include information nor-mally distributed through pamphlets aswell as through reference questions.Furthermore, this program would providenavigational details on the location ofmaterials in the various sections of theLibrary.

In the beginning, the two librariansresponsible for their part of the project,Birgitte Sonderkazr and Ellen Nielsen, hadvery little idea about the possibilities ofHyperCard. We produced an introductorystack which stimulated the imagination ofour co-workers with tie possibilities ofHyperCard in the Library.

The introductory stack ("bib visual")consists of a flashing Aarhus School ofBusiness logo, designed to attract theattention of visitors to the Library. Obvi-ously we could not use sound to adver-tise the stack to patrons, so we chose anoriginal/inverted logo representation. Thisstack also contains a language option ofeither Danish or English. With this optionbuilt into the stack, is possible toextend the system, by adjustment of justone card, with other languages taught inthe Aarhus School of Business such asGerman, Spanish or French (Figure 1).

34 UBRARIES (3

49

This introductory stack is the Homestack for the Library information systemwhen it is not in actual use. The follow-ing Hyper Talk message handler is in theinformation stack script to return theprogram to its Home stack, "bib visual."

on idle

global oldTimeput (the ticks - oldTime)

howlong

- put (the ticks - oldTime) into the-,

message box

if howlong > 36000/2 then go stack,

"bib visual"

pass idle

end idle

Fig. 2: The Main card in the Aarhus School of

Business library information stack provides a

navigational tool to facilities, access to brief

description of Library personnel along with

scanned images, and options for help with

the card catalogue.

stacks have buttons that enable the userto jump to any of the two last stacks,"location" and "photographs." (Figure 2)

The location stack is a navigationaltool, showing a patron the location offacilities within the Library, such as theLanguage Library, or options for assis-tance, for example with the catalogues.This stack consists of thirteen cards thatare all drawings scanned with an AppleScanner and Hyper Scan. The drawingsare identical to those found in pamphletsdistributed to users in the Library, so thatpatrons do not have to become familiarwith two sets of drawings. As shown inFigure 1, it is only possible to go fromany of the information stacks to thelocation stack. Forcing a patron to work

Welcome to the LibraryWhat Is In the llbraru?

Stav

thittiset

Language LibraryLibrary of Economics

0 Reading RoomNewspapers and PeriodicalsInternational Library (I-B)Bibliographies and CataloguesHoldings

V. am

10 you vith

The variable oldTime is updated withthe "ticks" from other message handlersin the stack such as the interaction of theuser clicks with the mouse, thus ensuringno premature return to the introductorystack. If no one has used the stack in aperiod of five minutes, this script returnsthe stack to its starting point, "bib visual."

There are two information stackswithin the Library information system,which are identical but not interdepen-dent, and can be edited or changedfreely. Contrary to other stacks, they bothcontain text rather than language-inde-pendent symbols. All cards in the two

Merkurf;::111

Veil wog Gird Catalsipm

through the stack card by card wouldonly confuse the user rather than inform.Buttons on the location cards help theuser move through the stack in a routinefashion. A stack command is built in toeliminate any danger of a patron backinginto an irreversible corner in the informa-tion system.

The photographs stack containsscanned photos of all the employees inthe Library. It was discovered that mostpatrons of the Library only knew theemployees as faces but that they wereunable to attach names or functions topersonnel. To resolve this problem,

Business Sense/Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen 35

photos were integrated at all relevantassistance stages. Each card in the stackshows the photo of one employee, with atotal of 32 cards in all.

Like the location stack, the photo-graphs were scanned using Hyper Scan.This stack can be entered only throughthe information stacks, providing a patrononly a brief description of an employeealong with a scanned image and then aquick return back to the informationstack. This autonomy of the stack facili-

Fig. 3: Stags are linked together in

Aarhus Libra./ information system using

the introductory stock as a the point of

origin. Patrons can then follow an option

of using either English or Danish to answer

their questions, following imbedded navi-

gational guides and scanned images.Danish

info-stack

the Library through their interaction withHyperCard than through more traditionalmeans of pamphlets and reference. Oneprimary effect of this activity with thestacks is that librarians are finding usersmore goal-oriented. Thanks to the infor-mational stacks and the scanned images,patrons know whom to contact withproblems. Users first use the stacks tofind information on the Library. If theycan't find their answer in the HyperCardstacks, they then contact a librarian for

Introductory stack

Location-

stack

tates the entering of new employees intothe Library information system as well asupdating of old scanned images.

Overall, stacks are linked in a simplefashion. The introductory stack is thepoint of origin for the Library informationsystem, taking the user to a series ofeither English or Danish informationalstacks. Both of these information se-quences are linked to locational andgraphics stacks, with navigational guidesand scanned images of Library personnel.(Figure 3)

Pros and eons of the system

The benefits of this Library informationsystem are immediately obvious even forthose patrons who just "play" with thestacks, who gain more information about

English

info-stack

Photo-stack

assistance, which ultimately means asaving of precious time for both patronsand librarians. Finally, this computerizedintroduction to the Library provides userswith a good introduction to online searchand retrieval routines, an experiencewhich will be invaluable given the in-creasing role in libraries of computerizedinformation retrieval schemes.

The major drawback to this approachis that there are never sufficient comput-ers available to allow all users to familiar-ize themselves totally with the system.Another potential objection to this ap-proach is that it is dehumanizing byremoving human interaction in part fromreference. In this particular case, thecombination of computers and librariansenhances library service by removingsome of the tedium of reference, reducingthe embarrassment of patrons with basic

36

51

macintoshed UBRARIES

and routine questions, and providing apath for users to staff for personal assis-tance with complex or difficult inquiries.

Future developments

With the current configuration ofHyperCard and Macintoshes in the AarhusSchool of Business Library, it will bepossible to link the Library informationsystem to the online database "Merkur"

With this link, it will be possible to createscreen dumps which could be used asbook slips. This option would greatlyincrease the accuracy of these slips andagain save time for the librarians inverifying bibliographic information. Theonly limitations for expanding this infor-mation system in the near future appearto be our imagination in devising newscripts and stacks, and sufficient worksta-tions for all of the patrons.g

*

Jorgee AIbretsee (shown left) is Computer

Scientist at the Department of Computational

linguistics, Aarhus School of Business, Denmark.

He is Project Supervisor on all HyperCard projects

performed in the Department, and is generally

responsible for the computers at the Faculty.

Jergen can be reached by mail at:

Department of Computational linguistics

Aarhus School of Business

Fuglesangs AU 4

DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark

Phone: + 45 86 15 55 88 ext. 3046

Fax: + 45 86 15 59 39

Internet hhadja@uts.uni-c.dk (UUCP).

Lens Byskov is a graduate student in English at the

Department of Computational linguistics, Aarhus School of

Business, Denmark. She is a member of the HyperCard

team Involved in making the library information system and

is now considering how to design stacks assisting foreign

language training and information systems in general.

Lene can be reached through the post at:

Department of Computational linguistics

Aarhus School of Business

Fuglesangs Me 4

DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark

Phone: + 45 86 15 55 88 ext. 3046

Fox: + 45 86 15 59 39

Internet hhadja@uts.unk.dk (UUCP).

Business Sense/Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen 3752-

c4604-4;10%\br4k LiDuring the early years

of Kalmbach Publishing Co.'s14011C). history, a railroad reference library .9

accumulated on desks and shelves in theoffices of the editors of MODEL RAILROADER and

TRAINS. In the late 1950s, a large closet wasdesignated the Library and some of the books weremoved there. It was cataloged, but with no way toconnect the cards to the booksthere were no callnumbers on the books. The books themselves were

grouped in five loose categories: books onlocomotives, books on electric railways, soft-

cover books, "popular" books onrailroading, and other books on

railroading. (The difference between the"popular" books and the others seemed to

be a matter of photographs versus footnotes.)

In 1973, the editor of TRAINS gave theLibrary a formal existence and hired alibrarian, whose principal contributionwas to put groups of soft-cover booksbetween hard covers, usually without anyconsideration about subject matter.

In early 1975, after two years ofediting books, I was put in charge of theLibrary, inheriting much larger, air-conditioned quarters. My mandate was tomake things better but keep them so wecould still find things. A better classifica-

tion system was necessary. Since thewhole room would be 385 if I choseDewey Decimal, I devised a mnemonicalphabetic code and hired a part-timer tomake a new card catalog.

How the Library is used

Because the classification is mnemon-ic, most staff members walk in, go rightto a shelf, find what they want, take a

George H. Drury

38

5macintoshed UBRARIES

few notes, and leave. A few ask for helpfor example, where are allthe books on the Boston & Maine Railroad? I ask "What are youreally looking for?" If it's whether the Boston & Maine used hyphensin its locomotive classification (is this a P4a or a P-4-a?), the answercan be found more quickly elsewhere: photos, maps, files. The cardcatalog is the resource of last resort. It was, even when it was up todate.

Circulation is on the honor system. Users need not sign out itemsgoing no farther than the copy machine. If a book is to disappeartemporarily from the collection, the borrower must take a large,bright-colored card from a tray; write the date, call number, title,author, and borrower name on a card, and put it in another tray. Ienter the information in a Microsoft Works file and put the card onthe shelf in place of the bock to serve as a pointer for the nextperson wanting the same item. Sometimes honor is in short supply,or the borrower says over his shoulder, "I'll bring this back beforeanyone misses it." The system can be also short-circuited when usersreturn items directly to the shelves. I've never had full compliancewith either "You took it, you put it back" or "Let me reslve it."Items out more than a month are tracked down by the Books Depart-ment secretary.

Cataloging procedures In simpler times, as new books came into the Library I reeledcards into the typewriter, typed the information, and filed the cards.Eventually an IBM Selectric replaced the Royal manual, but it didn'tdo as well with cards as its predecessor.

About 1980 the company installed an Atex system for text editingand composition. In a few years a terminal was placed in the Library.It was thought that users would send the results of their researchback to their desks electronically, and it was a good place for a spareterminal. I was already proficient on Atex, and after a little experi-mentation I devised a skeleton form that I could use to producecatalog cards on the line printer, 3 cards (really, slips of paper) per11-by-15-inch page, with lots of good scratch paper in the bargain. Istill had to file those slips of paper.

The company acquired an Apple IIe with an eye toward thegrowing interest in computers in model railroading. The Applegravitated to the Books Department, and the Books Editor struck abargain with my boss: secretarial assistance to produce catalog cardsin exchange for some of my time for editing and writing. Monthly Iran off a list of new books on the Atex line printer. The BooksDepartment secretary put the continuous-form cards in the Appleprinter, booted up a software package (I've forgotten which one),and produced a string of catalog cards, which she filed later.

"Later" gradually became "much later," and "monthly" became"occasionally." When the stack of cards awaiting filing reached my

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 5.39

squalor threshold, I filed them, noting that the drawers of the cardcatalog cabinet were nearly full.

Courses converge In the late 1980s Kalmbach acquired a group of small-circulationmagazines for dollhouse enthusiasts. The new division was placedunder the company's Books Editor. Recognizing the technical andphysical limitations of the Atex system, he bought a Macintosh toinvestigate the feasibility of publishing three magazines with them.The new division was quickly equipped with Macintoshes.

Through a couple of vacation trips, one of which yielded an articlefor TRAINS Magazine, I acquired a reputation as an expert on rail travelin Switzerland. After answering numerous letters and phone callsasking for information, I asked myself, "Why give it away? Maybe Ican sell it." I wrote the first edition of The Rai Ilan Guide to Switzer-land on my Apple IIc at home, put a new ribbon in my dot-matrixprinter, and pulled off copies, which I took to a local quick-printplace. When an order for 100 copies came in from a travel-bookdistributor, the Books Editor said, "Come to the Miniatures Divisionoffices after hours and typeset it on a Macintosh. You'll get a better-looking product, and you'll learn a skill the company can use." Heconverted my files to Microsoft Word and gave me a few minutes ofinstruction, essentially saying, "The way to learn this is to pull downmenus till you find what you want." Within a month, I was thecompany's Word expert. Later I learned how to use Quark XPresswhile producing The Railfan Guide to Austria.

The Library was placed under the Books Editor's supervision in1987, and he put me in charge of data transmission and conversioncompany-wide. You won't find those in the library on most organiza-tion charts. They are a facet of what we call Bob's Service Bureau,doing jobs that must be done and that no one else will do. Authorswere submitting disks along with their manuscripts, and considerablesecretarial time could be saved by bringing in the files electronically.I took home a modem so my Apple could communicate with Atex;another modem connected one of the Macs in the Miniatures office toAtex. We bought and I learned how to use an optical characterrecognition scanner. The Books Editor began specifying Macintoshfor my editorial projects. Macintoshes began to spread to otherdepartments, but not to the Library.

A Macintosh for the Library I spent more time out of the Library than in it, posting a long listof places where patrons might track me down, depending on theMacintosh task at hand. It was obvious there should be a Mac in theLibrary, but it took the promise of a computerized catalog to actuallymaterialize a Macintosh there.

Soon after the Macintosh arrived, I discovered that the Atex fileswith the cataloging information still existed. More as an experimentthan anything else, I brought the records into Microsoft Word via

4055

macintoshed LIBRARIES 0

Microsoft Works' telecommunication program, cleaned them up,inserted tab commands between fields, and created a Microsoft Worksdatabase. You might ask, why to Word, then back to Works? At thetime I was unfamiliar with Works' word processor. In any case,suddenly I had a catalog, more or less, of four years' worth of acqui-sitions.

A database isn't a catalog. I investigated several library catalog andlibrary management packages. They generally included features wedidn't need, such as bar codes, overdue notices, and circulationstatistics, and they all replicated the traditional, official library catalogcard format on the screena format I've never found necessary orfully understood. Most software packages boast of the ability toproduce catalog cards, the very basic tradition that I was trying to ridin my operation. I noted that none of the systems would put thecards in the catalog drawers for me.

However, one package looked promising, On-Line Mac Catalogfrom Right On Programs. A demonstration disk wasn't available, but

"The question becomes whether a data base can serve as auser-accessible catalog. Is it more difficult for a user to search adata base than to work with genuine library catalog software?I think not, given that many of the staff have had some

'11exposure to the Macintosh, and the others soon wut. 99

given the price of the application, we simply bought it. I installedOn-Line MacCatalog and quickly discovered its shortcomings.Briefly, there was no way to double-check entries before theywent into the system. It was not possible to access partial recordsthat went in because I hit Return instead of Tab. A shelf list couldnot be produced on demand, only shelf list cards, and that onlyonce per item. Finally, searching was only possible by exact title,author, and subject or some truncation of them.

I analyzed the needs of the Library more carefully. We need acomplete and current list of our holdings, if for nothing else thanappraisal and replacement. I thought about the searches that I hadmade of my database, to which I had been adding acquisitionsmonthlya list of book titles containing the words "spirit" or"scene" (one of our authors was titling his new book); a list ofbooks about diesel locomotives published in the past three years(for a staff member who wanted to compare them with his pro-posal for such a book); and a list of all the books from a certainpublisher (to compare that line of books with ours). Searches forpublisher and date aren't part of most packages, but they didn'tappear to be a problem for a database.

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 41

50

Now else is the Library

Macintosh used?

The question became whether a database can serve as a user-accessible catalog. Is it more difficult for a user to search a databasethan to work with genuine library catalog software? I think not, giventhat many of the staff have had some exposure to the Macintosh, andthe others soon will. Those who are Macintosh virgins will have to beshown how to point and click. A written procedure will help, too.Generally a solo database search will be necessary only when I'maway from the Library for some length of time. Most of the informa-tion requests to the Library are immediate, but not hopping-up-and-down immediate.

We have decided to stick with the Library database for now. When(or if) the ultimate catalog package becomes available, part of itsultimateness will be the ability to convert database files, if not direct-ly, at least through some conversion software rather than throughfingertips.

A serious deficiency of the Atex system was its lack of documenta-tion. The walls next to Atex terminals were soon covered with piecesof paper with hints and tips. Microsoft Word and Works and QuarkXPress are much better documented, but the habit of asking othershow they solved problems is well established. Rather than tell peopleone by one, I produced something called Subtleties of MacintoshTypesetting, with information on left and right quotes, real dashesinstead of double hyphens, constructing fractions and the like. Myearly experience on the Macintosh has made me a resource person,the one to ask about tab stops and style sheets and multiple columnformat, that is, how to specify two columns and not produce adocument that is one character wide. Similarly, I have written downthe procedure for optical character recognition scanning so the jobcould be done by our Production Department, rather than by me.

I still have the job of moving files between Atex, Apple, and Mac.As we convert our operations to Macintosh, I will have to do less ofthis, but I will be in demand as an instructor. The Macintosh in theLibraryan SE with a 80 Mb UltraDrive internal hard disk, two floppydisk drives, Apple modem, and Radius monitor with a 12-by-15-inchscreensees considerable use for teaching and demonstrating. All ofthese multiple roles mean that the Library's position as an informa-tional resource both for printed matter and technologic expertise issolid and growing and should continue to flourish well into thefuture.*

42

57maciistoshed UDRARIES (3

$

George H. Drury is librarian, Associate Books Editor, and unofficial

Macintosh Pooh-Bah at Kalmbach Publishing Co., Waukesha, Wis. His mail-

ing address is:

....

Kalmbach Publishing Co.

P. O. Box 1612

Waukesha, WI 53187

Phone: (414) 796-7996 ext. 446.

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 4358

CarolF elch

he delightful and exhilaratingjexperience of having a Mac SEcomputer in our junior highschool library in Lancaster,Texas actually happened to meone bright winter morning in

1988. Due to the positive outcome of ourbond election results in Lancaster, andthe vision of our school administrationand local school board, I, along, withmany public school staff members in thiscommunity, were able to have Macintoshcomputers in our classrooms and Library.The Macintosh provided me with thegreat advantage to implement in part

ift11E cd

ett-I.LieNt.13

44

59macintoshed LIBRARIES 43

some of the ideas outlined in adocument issued jointly by the Ameri-can Association of School Librariansand Association for EducationalCommunications and Technologyentitled Information Powe e. Finally,and most importantly, the Macchanged our school Library environ-ment into an information rich one,allowing us to integrate a teaching/learning team concept with our staffof teachers, learners, and administra-tors.

Taking the challenge

The next challenge for me after thearrival of the Mac was to learn how Icould use this versatile tool for thecompletion of both routine, andcreative tasks. I quickly discoveredthat the Mac is a computing toolwhich allows me to manage, arrange,and assist with a wide range ofinformation, storage, and retrievalproblems. Since junior high schoollibrarians are usually library/mediageneralists, the need for this sort offlexibility is crucial.

Within the Library, we primarilyuse Microsoft Works, Microsoft Word,HyperCard, Broderbund's Print Shop.In addition, we are fortunate to havean interactive video disc programs,Election 88, by ABC News.

How is this software used? As I amwriting this, a parent wandered intothe Library hunting for a suitablegraphic representation of a computer,without a human sitting in front of it.She came to the Library expecting toretrieve an image simply copied froma magazine. Instead, she departedwith a picture of just exactly what shehad in mind, copied from the PrintShop. Normally, what might have

taken from ten to fifteen minutes ofeffortnegotiating with the patronabout the exact picture, tracking downjust the correct magazine article andpicture, and copying the picture(provided that the magazine was in,and the copier was not being used)was cut to five minutes.

As another example, HyperCard isused to print calendar pages thosesame datebook components embed-ded in every copy of the program.Creating a calendar is a task which, formany school librarians, can occupy aconsiderable amount of time justbefore the beginning of the schoolyear. Before actually printing thepages, I make the necessary schoolholiday, in-service and early dismissaldate notations. In that way, the Librarycan ensure that the school calendar iscoordinated with classroom schedules..right from the beginning of the schoolyear by teachers. This product alsoreduces the burden of paper in thehands of teachers. Most importantly, atask that once took two or more hoursto complete is reduced to a muchmore manageable size, enabling me toconcentrate on other more Library-specific tasks.

My Mac keyboard hums productive-ly as we "crunch" out bibliographies,done in MS Word or MS Works. I havebeen able to use the database compo-nent of Works to store about videocassettes and videodiscs in the collec-tion.

"Home" database

HyperCard is the "home" databasefor periodical holdings, subject head-ings for the vertical file, and a quickreference file. The quick reference andsubject heading stacks of the vertical

The Macintoshed Life/Carol Felch 45

60

file are done with HyperCard's built-inAddress stack, taking advantage of theFind feature. This feature truncates onas few as five characters, and helpsstudents start a productive 'search ofthe vertical and periodical files.

Sustaining accurate records ofcirculation by instructors is mucheasier in our Macintoshed Library. Iuse the word processing component ofMS Works primarily, because of thedescriptive ease with which I canaccurately record AV materials. In theenvironment of this school Library,everything circulates. We check outstencils, power strips, remote controls,AC adapters, phone plugs, ohm-measured cable for VCR/TV viewingand listening, as well as cassetteswhich are needed "now" and can'twait for cataloging and barcoding.Many of these small pieces of equip-ment, so necessary for the normalfunctions of classrooms, are not bar-coded. As the school and schooldistrict move more quickly into thenext century, the routines of schoollibraries will reflect the demands of afast-paced, information-hungry, andtechnology-based learning environ-ment. It will become increasinglynecessary to circulate more teachingand audio-visual materials to teachersliterally "on the run." As this processaccelerates, it is vital to have a com-puting tool tck maintain this pace, byproviding an accurate record of allitems. Statistically speaking, we now

Reference

replace fewer of these increasinglysmaller electronic items every year,thanks to the greater accuracy of ourrecords.

Election 88 is a rich source ofinformation from the 1988 U.S. Presi-dential campaign, pulling together text,video from broadcasts, and the narra-tion of Peter Jennings. It literally bringsthe Presidential race into the classroomfor our students. For those preparingprojects on the election, the text inElection 88 provides information notonly on the major candidates but the"also rans," a group that may havebeen a more problematic researchgroup for both students and instructorsin the absence of this product. Thislaser disc and HyperCard-based prod-uct is indispensable.

As any Macintosh user can attest, Iam still finding many tasks that can becompleted with this versatile comput-er. There are probably faster ways tocomplete some of my routines, withfewer keystrokes. There are morepowerful applications, that wouldremove some of the tedium of mytasks in the Library and with theMacintosh. But, that's OK, because I,like all the teachers and staff in ourschool, are students of technology inthis decade. We will learn to be evenmore productive, bringing to ourstudents an increasing amount ofinformation and tools, that will beeven more useful and relevant thannow.*

1. American Association of School Librarians. Information power guidelinesfor school library media programs. Chicago ; American Library Association;Washington, D.C., Association for Educational Communications andTechnology, 1988, 171p.

46

61

macintoshed LIBRARIES

Carol Fetch has been a school librarian for eighteen years. She began her

professional career in Ohio, and for the last fifteen years has served in the

state of Texas. She has a twenty year old daughter, and an eleven year old

son. She currently resides in Lancaster, Texas and recently has had the pro-

fessional opportunity of being part of the planning team for the new

Lancaster junior high school, which was dedicated a year ago. Mrs. Feld)

serves as this school's librarian.

She can be contacted at:

Lancaster Junior High School

1109 West Main Street

Lancaster, Texas 76146

(214) 227-4804

The Macintoshed Life/Carol Felch 47

62

I

1

UsiNgL ' lly ER ARAS A

PROMOTIONAL

Tool

"The medium is the message"Marshall Herbert McLuhan

Ii I yperCard stacks are well known for theireducational uses, informing a wide range

olli i of audiences on subjects as diverse astrilobites and human anatomy. Stacks have alsointroduced library patrons to facilities andcollections, in academic, public, special and school

Barbara Mattscheck

48 LIBRARIES e3

63

libraries literally around the world. ButHyperCard can also serve as a marketingtool. It can demonstrate a technology andpromote a product or agency representedin the stack. Corporations to some extenthave used stacks to bring information aboutproducts to potential customers, and somegovernment agencies, such as the BritishColumbia Ministry of Tourism, havediscovered the advantages of HyperCard asan advertising vehicle. But libraries, andtheir professional organizations, have notfully exploited HyperCard's potential as amarketing and promotional vehicle.

In May, 1990, the Philadelphia Chapterof the Special Libraries Association (SLA)recognized the need to educate partici-pants in the Governor of Pennsylvania'sConference on Library & InformationServices about special libraries. A list ofissues, relevant to special libraries fordiscussion at the Conference was pre-pared by the Chapter. Six major areas

Fig. 1: The exhibit at the Governor of

Pennsylvania's Conference on library

& Information Servkes brought to

the delegates information about

special libraries in the state, increas-

ing their awareness of issues of im-

portance to special librarians that

were part of the Conference's

agenda.

, 4 W

"s /'

(networking, literacy, funding, informinggovernment officials, federal issues, andmarketing) were briefly described andrecommendations for action were made.We planned to mail this issues sheet,which also defined and explained speciallibraries in Pennsylvania, to the delegatesin preparation for the September confer-ence.

Then, while attending SLA's annualConference in Pittsburgh, I happened tostop by the Apple booth. Ed Valauskaswas demonstrating some stacks includingan early version of the White HouseConference stack. The light bulb went onin my head. Why not do a stack of ourspecial library issues for the Governor'sConference? Not only could we educatethe delegates about special libraries butwe could show them a technology theyhad probably never seen before. Also,those who would be going to Washing-ton for the Conference would be a little

rf,/;

/ <s v,

yr

.4"

-;

Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck

64

more prepared to use the White Housestack.

After conferring with several Chapterboard members, we decided to go aheadwith the project and Ed arranged for BillVaccaro to transform our ideas into aHyperCard stack.

Why have someone in Chicago devel-op a stack for us? Because I, like 99.9%of our Chapter, am a DOS person. I use aMacintosh SE to produce our Chapternewsletter so Word and Page Maker are

Fig. 2: The Table of Contents

from the SL4 Philadelphia

Chapter stock provided an

overview of issues and gave

the delegates a navigational

tool to find specific information

on topics under discussion at

the Conference.

Card took place and our stack was ready.The Chapter's Board acted as a trialaudience for demonstrating the stack.Their problems with the technologyhelped prepare me for the Governor'sConference.

At the Governor's Conference

Time and space were very constrainedat the Conference. The exhibit area was

GOVERNOR'S CONFERENCEON LIBRARY ANDINFORMATION SERVICESPennsylvania: America's Libraries Start Here

Table of ContentsFact Sheet on Pennsylvania Libraries

Special Libraries Association

Issues for Consideration

Recommendations

CLICK ON ANY TOPIC TO CONTINUE

my Apple strong points. At that time, Ihad used HyperCard to compile a data-base but I knew that it was beyond myscope to create this stack for my Chapter.

So, for the rest of June, we polishedour writing, worked out the flow of thestack in a primitive HyperCard stack,collected photographs of special librari-ans and their users, found appropriatelogo art and graphics, and panicked thatit wouldn't be ready in time for Bill todevelop the stack.

Eventually, we collected all of theinformation, sent it to Bill. The transfor-mation from paper and script to Hyper-

not open during the meetings and wecould not draw people away from otheractivities. However, given our narrowwindow of opportunities to reach ouraudience, we were able to demonstratethe stack, and Apple technology ingeneral, to everyone who was interested.(Figure 1)

Our strategy involved several steps.We had a print copy of our issues, and adescription of special libraries, to give toeveryone who stopped by our station.(Figure 2)

I made sure the delegates got thisinformation right away so that they didn't

5065

macintoshed UBRARIES

feel they had to remember everything. AsI demonstrated the stack, I emphasizedcertain key issues and pointed out(i.e. confirmed) that they were on thesheet, to provide reinforcement and toallow for the fact that the delegates didn'thave a great deal of time to read througheverything. (Figure 3)

My approach to the delegates variedfor each one. I was able to refine mypitch so that I could attract people to justlook at the stack. Even those delegates

Fig. 3: Key issues of impor-

tance were pointed out to del-

egates from the stack, tied to

handouts that reinforced the

interests of special libraries

before the delegates at the

Conference.

viewing the stack how HyperCard couldbe used in their own setting. For most, itwas the first time they had seen an AppleMacintosh, so I spent part of the timeshowing how you could move around ina stack and the intuitive nature of theinterface.

The delegates were captivated by thetechnology. They appreciated the con-cept that the program could focus ontheir interests, rather than try to channelthem into subject areas or issues that they

The following are actions recommendedby the Philadelphia Chapter/SpecialLibraries Association for discussion at thePennsylvania Governor's Conference.

RecommendationsNetworking Informing Government Officials

Literacy Marketing

CLICK ON ANY TOPIC TO CONTINUE

who stood far away from the table, afraidto get near the computer, were drawn bythe photographs and animation. Weincluded in the stack a scanned photo ofPennsylvania's Commissioner of Libraries,Sara Parker, which proved to be one ofthe most popular cards. Everyone knewthe Commissioner it seemed and couldidentify with her image in the stack.(Figure 4)

The stack served two educationalpurposes. It informed delegates aboutSLA and Chapter concerns and it demon-strated a technology. We told those

441

were not concemed with at that particu-lar point. Delegates remembered that SLAthat provided them with this experience.During the issue discussions in the courseof the Conference, when special librarieswere mentioned, they knew somethingabout them. They remembered, if any-thing else, the scanned photos in thestack and our "moving" logo.

Was their proof of any impact of thestack on the delegates? In one session Iattended, a participant in the Conferencereferred to the stack. He mentioned astatistic that had appeared in at leastthree print items he had received, but his

Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck 51

66

memory pulled up the information from agraphic on one of the cards in the stack.

With today's information overload, youneed to capture attention. We felt we didthat with HyperCard. We were able todefine and explain special libraries for thedelegates, put forward our concerns inissues that were part of the Governor'sConference, and called for action ir_ ourbest interests.

Fig. 4: A scanned image of

Sara Parker, the

Pennsylvania Commissioner

of libraries, in the stack

provided a degree of

familiarity for the delegates

in their course of navigating

the stack at the Conference.

...;f. :t't if7

:;,;..v.:2: .4.

dance) so members could see theirinvestment. To many, it was an educa-tional experience about HyperCard sincemost of them are versed in IBM comput-ers.

The stack has elevated the image ofthe Chapter nationally. At SLA's 1991Conference in San Antonio, the stack willbe discussed in a Science & TechnologyDivision program on HyperCard. By justhaving the stack described in the Confer-

"Wir;I :

Tit

,

. SmithidineBeediam

Beyond the Conference

Merlon

fc.

vania's Statejsixarian (center) tows the Upper Mericn; Information Center. 'this fa.cilityservices over 2000 pharmaceutical

march and development .entlsts,

Since the Governor's Conference, thestack has been shown at library functions.It was demonstrated during DrexelUniversity's Library School alumni work-shop on HyperCard. This event promotedthe Chapter with our local peers. It servedas a reminder of SLA's and the Chapter'spresence in Philadelphia, and that weworked on professional projects for thelibrary community at large as well asserve our membership in regular meet-ings.

Additionally, the stack was used at ourfirst Chapter meeting (over 100 in atten-

f t

ence program, the Chapter gained expo-sure to the whole membership. Thosewho attended the session will rememberthe Chapter well into the future, as active,technologically sophisticated, and in-volved. Thus, while the stack's primaryuse was in the Governor's Conference,we've recycled it as a self-promotionaltool.

Promotional Value

At the Governor's Conference, Hyper-

Card got our name out to delegates andto the State Library staff who planned theConference. Now, as more of our peers

52 LIBRARIES 4

67

see it, they are aware of our Chapter andare more inclined to remain or becomemembers, because they recognize it as a'strong and active one, promoting theirinterests to fellow professionals. OtherSLA members from other Chapters seewhat we've done, take note, and recog-nize our efforts as leaders in using tech-nology and in bringing our message toour public, which in turn makes ourmembers proud over the accomplish-ments of their Chapter.

The stack helped promote speciallibraries, the Special Library Associationand our Chapter. It was well worth theChapter's investment of money and time.We were recognized by delegates, statelibrary staff, our Chapter members,Drexel alumni, and SLA as a whole. Itwas an easy way to let introduce non-librarians to special libraries, remindlibrarians that there is an active localchapter and that we are a resource.*

Barbara Mattscheck is the Business Librarian for The PQ

Corporation, a private chemical company, a member and Past

President of the Philadelphia Chapter/Special Libraries Association.

She can be reached at:

Business library

PQ Corporation

P.O. Box 840

Valley Forge, PA 19482

Phone: 215/293-7255

Fax: 215/688-3835

Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck 53

68

hile I was an undergraduate, way backin the dark ages of the Sixties, using acomputer meant punching tiny little

rectangle holes in thousands of data entrycards. It was technological tedium. A wrongpunch and the entire program failed. Using acomputer was difficult, frustrating and mysti-fying. Becoming a school media special-ist, or as New Jersey called them then,

a%16it started slowry... and it crew .

13 'V"

NS. A R "Y' E.C, PC A 12. AA. A

"teacher-librarians," on the other hand wassimple. Be able to alphabetize with speed andaccuracy, be able to count to 999.999, knowthe difference between an overhead projectorand a microform reader, and be able to say"SHHHHHHHHHH" and mean it. A careerchoice seemed so clear.

5469

macintoshed LIBRARIES

Then came the Seventies. School librariessettled into peaceful operation. Happy librarianswere suggesting particular books to students andassisting teachers, their secretaries doing all thattedious clerical work. Title II, or IV or IX orwhatever number the government used in agiven year, was providing sufficientworking funds. Of course, nowthere was more equipment,filmstrip projectors hadauto-advance, and someadventurous collegelibraries were experi-menting with computer-ized check-in/check-outfor circulation. But,

out of the question forlittle school libraries. Not to

worry, the old systems workedfine. Why fix it if it isn't broken?

sonal computers of every variety, from Commo-dore to Pet, were flooding schools.Unless our communityjumped on theband-

that kind of expen-sive mainframe was

WM, Applesauce

Then the unthinkable happened. The Eightiescame. Money for school libraries, and schoollibrary secretaries dried up. Vanished. Pool? TheVCRs that had served so long and sturdily in U-Matic format were swallowed up by VLIS. Per-

fig. 1: The Shongum Parent Teacher Association

raises money for library books by encouraging

parents to 'adopt" a book on behalf of their child.

Titles are added to the collection, bearing book-

plates, created on me Mac, that note the name of

the child and their birthday. A Macintosh database

keeps track of these books.

wagon, warned thecomputer dealers, we would

be left with applesauce on our faces.And worst of all, horror of horrors, our belovedLibrarian, who knew every student in the school,and could name every item in the Library,announced her retirement. Guess who got thejob? Soon, my face looked like applesauce.

What to do? No secretary. Limited budget.Oodles of new paperwork, for, as the budgetshrank and staff was reassigned, duties in-creased. Well, obviously one of those newfan-gled computers was the ticket. A few courses atthe local computer store and anyone qualified asan "expert." A little cajoling, pleading and ta-da!An Apple IIe arrived in the Library office. Soft-ware followed, though some aspects of Apple-Works remain a mystery. Quick Card, which isstill churning out catalog cards, became a stapleof the collection. Print Shop is currently makingbanners for around the school. Our problemswere solved! Well, for a time, at any rate. Thenour calm little world exploded.

presented.to the

Shonyum.SchooLLibrary

1990

It started slowly.../Mary E. Okarma 55

7 0

Dost Thou DOS or Dost Thou Not?

It was time to go back to school. Real gradu-ate school, where they had computers hookedup to databases in California, and where youcould type papers on word processors and seethat miracle of modem printing, a laser printer.My little Apple He grew smaller and smaller nextto Big Blue. Oh, what this marvelous machine

Fig. 2: Reports home took on a

new look thanks to the Macintosh

and its graphics capabilities. This

notice for the Shongum PTA Book

Fair informed parents about a way

to the support the library through

purchases at a local bookstore.

brain. "They're Macintoshes," she whispered withreverence. "User friendly, easy to set up, multi-faceted and, you don't need to be a computerwhiz to make them work for you." The futureunfolded before my eyes... Macintosh forever.

But how to convince the people with themoney? Ah. A grant. Just as it is always darkestbefore the dawn, there is poverty before riches.The New Jersey Teacher's Recognition Program

ZOt011ON!

,old vac mlw titn Skongain Soltool /074aook..1al..r. MIA pcs.t. auk?

,God e. wormy./ You. can *Lea bag b-ook*ion wow, eftacirea, fi0ilee4 on a* WV,*and *appoet as* A74 at an *am* am*/

,(few?

dd.& plan a trip to Me. ate& Proetworaookntore, n at,* CaldorCentre' cn lgorei* Nato*. 14.4aangel.ino fears Pecenieer RA-7M*noon Shongans Sokoal *ARa yawmake a paeolt,a4d and a poreGonm.4 prZoe. sva go to a*/

Once, alum" 71/4NAS for yam*' appone./

Ne'OXP irilikAM241P.at RiLkaieiltiffe,,.,

4

7,

could do! Leap databases in a single bound!Process words faster than a speeding typewriter.Crunch numbers in its bare circuits! Look! On thedesk! In the work place... its ... ..... no. It was toomuch. There was just too much "DOSness" tothis big blue machine. What to do?

That's when there was a soft "psssst" at thedoor. Following a favorite professor, with apenchant for the unusua., to a small room, therestood on tables 25 of the cutest little machinesever created. Gleams of wonder sparkled in myeyes. Sparks of enthusiasm crackled through my

brought cash from the state, and with a little helpfrom a very understanding administrator, the Macwas in the Library office. The He reassigned tothe Library proper for student use, and we wereoff and running.

"But What're Ya Gonna Use It For?"

Well, that was The Question. There had beendollars for hardware, but software was a littleslower in coming. MacWrite provided the begin-

5671

macintoshed UBRARIES

ning steps. Memos to teachers, reports to admin-istration, worksheets for students, forms, flyers,etc. Not good enough. Those things could bedone on a typewriter. We needed a database.Microsoft Works followed. Now overdues on thecomputer... add a little mail merge, some creativereport maneuvering and individual letters couldbe sent to students, a list made for each class-room and a desk copy for the library to cross offreturning items.

Soon more complex reports followed. Aproposal to completely automate the libraries inall four elementary schools, complete with

fig. 3: Simple notes, such as

this thank you letter for sup-

port of the Shongum School

Library and its Birthday Book

Club, took on a whole new

appearance, thanks to the

Macintosh.

of their child. It's called the "Birthday BookClub." Titles are added to the collection, bearingbookplates that note the name of the child andtheir birthday. Until the Mac came along, weused commercially produced plates, upon whichthe information was typed. Not now! Custommade book plates (Figure 1) are easily createdand stored on the Mac. A database of all BirthdayBook Club books is on file and informationabout each book noted and recorded for possi-ble reports, catalogs and the like.

4c.

The Shongum PTA, the facultyand especially the students greatly appreciate your

contribution to the Birthday Book Club. Your kindcontribution will add volumes to our

collection.

ShongumBirthday

Book Club

oiiit9(44e ea.loCt, & Mary Maffiaakairporeoese,

Mary C. &corms, (46portio.

4c.

graphs, spreadsheet data and four-year projec-tions. End-of-year discard reports, with completelistings of monies necessary for replacements.Purchase orders from databases, complete withnotes, ISBN numbers and itemized costs. Trans-parencies to make the teaching of skills easier.There were things coming out of the libraryoffice that had been impossible five years earlier.

Now we were rolling! A few public domainfonts and graphics, a little help from SuperPaintand MacGallery and new uses came to mind.Every year, for example, our Parent TeacherAssociation raises money for library books byencouraging parents to "adopt" a book on behalf

Graphics Galore

Memos with unique graphics spurted out ofthe Mac like rain. Notices home took on agreater sense of humor and style (Figure 2).Thank-you notes became works of art, fromsomeone with absolutely no artistic talent.(Figure 3) Coupons for special treats cameflowing out. (Figure 4)

Awards and special notes (Figure 5), printedon parchment paper, took on a new formality. Afour-color ribbon added a decorative border inschool green. Library volunteer custom certifi-cates were the envy of the school.

It started slowly.../Mary E. ()karma 57

72

The Library with the Mac was becoming apublishing center. Teachers, PTA volunteers andstudents have all taken a turn. Once they sit atthat friendly little box, well, sometimes theLibrarian can't get to her own desk. It was, and

Fig. 4: With the Mac and graphics

software, coupons, certificates, and

other documents were possible for

Shongum School library as promo-

tional materials.

complicated courses. Perhaps in the dictionary,next to the definition of "user-friendly" theyshould put a little picture of a Macintosh.

A modem and communications softwareadded bulletin boards. The National Education

Maw 1-151989

is, a productive tool, producing high level graph-ics, notes and published material with, happily,little need to pour over a manual or attend

fig. 5: Special awards and certifi-

cates took on a whole new texture

with color ribbons and parchment

for students and their parents, by

virtue of the Mac's ability to syn-

thesize graphics and text.

Association Bulletin Board (1-800-541-0816) inWashington, D.C. provides the service to allcurrent NEA members. Now, educators can talk

T ,

Yotirc 101tall

71w Holiday Boutique is just around thecorner. We of the PTA would liketo invite our teacfscrs to share in the

excitement of the day.

Crafts RAIL 6e gratefully accepted, but are notthe °WV way to help. 1.1 you can spare

an hour or two on Saturday,December 2, to play "shopkeeper,"

please contact:Diane Sutton at 455-1537.

The kids love to see their teachers"out of context."

Please think about how you might beable to contribute to the

success of the day.

Thanks!

58 LIBRARIES (3t)7

to other educators all over the country, helpingeach other discover creative solutions. Whenfunds become available, perhaps there is aCompuServe in the future, or other such service.

Key Word: Possibilities

We have seen the steady march of the com-puter turn into a downhill torrent. Each day,information on new software, hardware andtechnological advances inundates our mailboxes.Faxes, laser disc/computer combinations, CD-ROM drives, electronic encyclopedias and othermagical devices hold within the possibilities ofnew growth., new ideas and new ways of usingthe computer.

Our libraries will never again be the simplefile, card, and book repositories of the Sixties.

Whether we want to or not, the personal com-puter, be it Mac or Big Blue, is here. No longercan its contribution be denied, ignored or dele-gated to the trivial. The ideas discussed here aremerely scratches on the surface of the mirror ofpossibilities. Given time, funds and creativediscussions among colleagues, there is no doubtthat amazing realities will come to pass. Maybethat HyperCard stack for the Newberry andCaldecott books will finally come to fruition. Anda File Maker database for our audio-visual soft-

ware will produce printed catalogs for staff andstudents.

The question is no longer "What are yougoing to use it for," but "How did we ever getalong without it."

Consider the possibilities.*

1)

Mary E. Okarma has been employed by the Randolph Townshii., New Jersey schools

since 1971. She was an elementary classroom teacher for eleven of those years, and a

librarian since 1982, earning a Master of letters from Drew Univers;ry in 1984, and a

Master of library Service from Rutgers in 1987. Currently, Mary is assigned to the

Shongum Elementary School us Educational Media Specialist. She was awarded the New

Jersey Teacher Recognition Grant, with which she "Macintoshed" her library office.

Mail will reach her at

Shongum School Media Center

West Hanover Avenue

Randolph, NJ 07869

Phone: (201) 895-7194

Fax: (201) 328-2797

It started slowly.../Mary E. Okarma 59

\/PELICAry 11ibrary

nstructionProject

by Joan. Parker

Brief History

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project(HLIP) was established after a series of

discussions concerning the rapid prolifera-tion of HyperCard-based library tours.'There was the real possibility that enthusi-astic librarians would each independently

begin developing stacks covering library instruc-tion, duplicating their efforts in inventing similarroutines. Harriet Talan of the J. Paul LeonardLibrary of San Francisco State University sharedmy concern that many potential developers were

60

75

macintoshed LIBRARIES e3

not able to communicate or share the fruits of their labors. Ulti-mately, librarians would spend valuable time developing what hadalready been developed. Much to our surprise, we both agreedthat something should be done and we would be willing to spendthe time and effort to spearhead such a project.

Weeks were spent compiling guidelines for computer-aidedinstruction (CAI), interface design and software development;writing a philosophy of the project; and gathering all the necessarydocumentation for future project members. We agreed that allstacks, or modules, should be developed by teams with at leasttwo stages of testing and development. The next step was to place

a call for volunteers. At present we have 24 developers and 28evaluators from the United States, Canada and Australia workingon HLIP modules. (Figure 1)

Fig. 1: HyperCard library Instruction Project

Modules are being developed in a variety of

subjects and for a wide range of purposes within

libraries by 24 developers from the U.S.,

Canada, and Australia. These stacks follow de-

signs and guidelines agreed upon by members

of the HyperCard Library Instruction Project.

isAutryindas

Research StrategyReady RefererceAlmanacsAtlasesBioraphiesDicgtorafesEncycbpediasDirectoriesHandbooksReviewsStatistics

GeneralPrint IndexesNewspaper IreCitationElectronic Indexes

outoment SOLDoconwras I Ci:ghulalZ I Modules

Boolean LogySearch Strategy I

United StatesUnited Nations

Card Gabs%OPACSLibrary of Congress Subject Headings

BiologyBusinessChemistryEducationEngineeringHistoryReligion

The first HLIP meeting was held in the summer of 1990 at SanFrancisco State University. It was devoted to adopting standards,guidelines and criteria for the design of stacks. A project templatewas designed, tested, approved and distributed to stack developersin late 1990. (Figure 2)

Several meetings have been held since that time at the AppleLibrary in Cupertino. The next step in the project will be to obtainfeedback. Each team is assigned one or more evaluators who haveagreed to test each module using librarians and students, recordany problems, comments or observations, and report to the devel-opers. The first evaluation stage occurred in May 1991, with ananticipated release of the full project in Fall 1992.

Protect Philosophy

Many of us involved in this Project participate directly in library

instruction. We know the importance of reaching as many users as

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project/Joan Parker 61

76

possible with as many instructional methods as libraries can make avail-able. (see HLIP Statement below)

HLIP will provide an optional way of learning library skills. Each mod-ule is an interactive, computer-aided-instruction lesson with clearly statedobjectives. The modules are designed to maximize flexibility and may bemodified for the needs of each institution.

HLIP is a non-commercial project, relying on volunteer time and efforts.We believe that stacks should be widely available at a nominal price. At

Fig. 2: A sample draft menu from a HUP Mod-

ule for Ready Reference Sources provides a

view of the basic format, with navigational

chokes and a straightforward, uncluttered

screen design.

Ready Reference Sources

introduction

Framing your Question

Types of Reference Source

Have you Ever Wondered...

Click twice oo one of Ow loon choices above.

ICI lupl co I

present we are looking at academic courseware distributors and the AppleLibrary Users Group as possible channels for distribution. The fruit of thisProject will be most valuable if it reaches the largest possible audience,both in terms of those developing HyperCard stacks in libraries, and pa-trons. Only the future will determine if the efforts of this group in standard-izing stack design produce new tools in bibliographic instruction that areboth informative and intuitive.*

HLIP's Statement of Purpose and

Philosophy essentially outlines a

program for developing library skills

for patrons, using a basic set of

agreed-upon standards for manipu-

lating HyperCard as framework.

11111111111111112111 1111111111111111111111MIIMINNIHYPERCARD LIBRARY INSTRUCTION PROJECT

Statement of Purpose and Philosophy

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project was established in May1990 to develop an integrated and standardized set of instructionalmodules that offer a core of basic library skills primarily oriented tothe post-secondary school adult library user.

These modules provide an optional way of learning library skillsand can significantly enhance the learning process for users who areseeking to learn basic introductory techniques, refreshers, remedia-tion, or more sophisticated subject search strategies. The modulesmay be assigned by teaching faculty, assigned by librarians instructured teaching situations as an adjunct to other modes ofinstruction, recommended by librarians in the frequent situations inwhich they have only a very limited time to spend with individualusers, or Incorporated into a library skills workbook program.

Module development is based upon the most current computer-based learning design guidelines and will emphasize interactivity,

62 UBRARIES77

f

self-paced individualized learning, and thorough testing of the

modules.The project is collective because designing and creating computer-

assisted instructional materials is extremely time consuming. Themodules are standardized in order to facilitate their collaborativedevelopment, to allow the end user to move from one module toanother with ease, and to permit adoption by a variety of institutions.

HyperCard is an appropriate authoring tool because it is easy tolearn for development purposes and gives module implementationa relatively extensive base in libraries. Librarians wishing to adaptstack may do so without mastering HyperCard's scripting language.

Libraries can modify the modules, adapting and tailoring them totheir own environments. Modules may, for example, be modified inthe following ways: combined and put on high density discs;converted to IBM format; incorporated with more high-end softwaresuch as multi-media animation products, CD-ROM or interactive

video.Modules are distributed to libraries that want to use them. HLIP, a

non-commercial project, cannot function as a distribution agency; itseeks an appropriate distributor of academic courseware that makesHLIP products available at the most modest charge. Libraries or otheragencies that use these modules are asked to preserve the credits toHLIP and the original developers.

loan Parker (shown below), when not galloping

off into the sunset, is Life Sciences librarian at the

University library, California State University, long

Beach. She's still looking for a good portable cellular

phone she can attach to her steed's saddle.

MO

`43t.14.4'4 `:

4 141 V/"*;54.4'

Harriet Talon, loan's co-conspirator on KIP,

may be reached at

Adopted Thursday, July 27,1990

****Fan mail addressed to her should be sent to:

University library

1250 Bellflower Blvd.

California State University, Long.B,

Long Beach, CA 90840wy

-0,

Phone: (213) 985-2439

J. Paul Leonard library

1600 Holloway

San Francisco State University

San Francisco, CA 94132

O *****Fax: (213) 985-1703

Bitnet: imp@calstate.bitnet

Internet: jparker@beach.calstate.edu

Telephone: (415) 338-2132

Fax: (415) 338-6199

Bitnet: htalan@calstate.bimet

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project/loan Parker 63

78

(lW ILE_ r 0STOWORRYING...

ILAD MumMiami tams -3

143 lrGI

117) GI C:s f f

et me start out with a smallconfession: until a few months ago, Inever really considered the Macintosh

to be a "real" computer. Oh,sure, it was fine for desktop

publishing and graphics, and as abeginning step for computer-phobes. Butfor day-to-day word processing,spreadsheets, and data management, youneeded a PC.

64

79macintoshed UBRAR1ES

Okay, so I was wrong.

What changed my mind? Well, inSeptember, 1990 I got a new job asMicrocomputer Services Librarian, atSimmons College in Boston, Massa-chusetts.

First, a little background informa-tion. The Simmons College Libraryhouses both a Microcomputer Lab andClassroom. Currently, the Lab has 12Macintosh SE computers with harddisks and dual floppy drives, and 12(old) Compaq Portables with dualfloppy drives (360K) and a 20 MbHard Card. The classroom has 12Macintosh 512Ks with dual single-sidefloppy drives, and 12 Compaq Porta-bles with dual floppy drives. With theexception of the SEs, all of our equip-ment is woefully outdateddare wesay ancient? We are hoping for somegrant money to upgrade and expandboth the Lab and Classroom.

And what about my background,you ask. The first time I used acomputer was in Library School, wayback in 1985-86, when 256K memorywas a lot. We had a Lab with bothIBM and Zenith computers. One ofmy Professors actually (gasp) requiredus to use the computer to type ourterm papers. I have to admit, after Iused a word processor to write andrevise my papers, I vowed to neveruse a typewriter again.

I won't bore you with the details ofmy post Library School escapades.Suffice it to say that, besides beingoverworked and underpaid, I got toplay with computers. I started outslow with Apple Ire/IIgs, where I wasintroduced to that wonderful arch-criminal, Carmen Sandiego. Then Imoved up to the "big time," CompaqDesk Pro and IBM PS/2s, Since I wasusually the only one brave (or foolish)

enough to just sit down at the comput-er and try to figure out why it was orwas not working, I became a sort ofcomputer guru. This eventually led tomy current position as MicrocomputerServices Librarian at Simmons, where Imet the Mac.

Now, I was very up front when Itook this job: I had never really used aMacintosh. However, everyone, includ-ing myself, didn't think that would bea problem. After all, the Mac is de-signed to be easy to use.

What do you mean, I have to use the mouse?!

I found myself scheduled to teach aMacWrite workshop the second weekafter I started my new job. I had tolearn the Mac fast. It didn't take metoo long to get the hang of openingand closing windows, clicking anddouble clicking on those sometimes-too-cute icons, and discarding, orthrowing away, files. Okay, so I stillget a kick put of the way the garbagecan gets fat when I throw away aparticularly useless, yet long, memo. Ifelt ready to tackle MacWrite.

Of course, since we only have512Ks in the classroom, I must teachthe old version of MacWrite, 4.5.Imagine the culture shock. I'd beenusing WordPerfect 5.0. I don't need toknow how to spell, the program has aspell-checker. Well, I do have a dictio-nary, so we're not talking a real disas-

ter here. But I did have a little troublegetting used to the mouse. While mybrain kept going: Function Keys,Arrows, MacWrite insisted on going:Click, Drag. It was not love at firstsight.

After a lot of trial and error, anderror, and error, I got the hang ofusing the menus, and selecting large

How I Learned to Stop Worrying.../Barbara Passoff 65

80

amounts of text. I still have a littletrouble selecting just one letter. I can'ttell you how many times I've wantedto feed my mouse to my cats. Life hasimproved since the software fairy leftme a copy of Microsoft Word 4.0,which allow you to use the arrowkeys, and function keys if you havethem. Of course, I'm using a Mac Plus,and I don't know what possessed thekeyboard designer to place the arrowkeys in such an inhuman pattern. Ioften find myself covetously glancingat the Media Center's SE/30, with itsextended keyboard, complete withfunction keys, and a normal arrowkeypad. To add insult to injury, theyalso have a wonderful trackball.

Although MacWrite is far from theperfect word processor. It is a goodintroduction to the Mac: simple, andstraightforward. Students can learn touse it well with a minimal amount oftraining. Plus, I have yet to meetsomeone who doesn't enjoy playingaround with fonts. Ah, yes, fonts. Theease and fun that goes along withchanging fonts on a Mac was really thefirst thing that broke through my PCprejudice. Sure, you can change fontsin a WordPerfect document, but doingit is a pain, not a joy. And I wasbeginning to realize that Word 4.0does everything that WordPerfect 5.0does, and my final results always lookbetter when I use the Mac.

A NOW arrival...

But I'm a stubborn person. I'm notgoing to give up PCs that easily. I stillneed Lotus. I never loved using Lotus,but I always assumed that using aspreadsheet was akin to visiting yourDentist. You don't like to do it, butyou have to (at least my husband tells

me I have to visit the Dentist; I'm notconvinced). I think it was a few daysafter teaching a particularly gruelingLotus workshop that I received a freecopy of Wingz. I remember looking atthe disks and thinking: "Oh, how cute,a baby spreadsheet. I wonder what itcan do." Well, that sealed my fate.

Admittedly, I don't do anythingreally fancy with my spreadsheets, justbasic budgeting, and maybe a fewgraphs. So, I gave Wingz a try, and,frankly, I couldn't believe I was usinga spreadsheet. I could clearly see eachcell. I could change both column androw sizes. I could change fonts andsizes as easily as in a word processor.Creating a graph is a simple as clickingon the chart icon, selecting the data,and placing the graph on the sheet. Iwas in love.

It's awfully lonely over here

I could no longer deny it. I liked touse the Mac!

I know I'm not the only one whofeels this way. Many times I walk intothe lab and find people waiting to usea Mac while most, if not all, the Corn-paqs sit unwanted, lonely and forlorn.Sometimes I feel like I've walked intothat Apple ad where the Boss looksout his window at the department'stwo computers, one an idle IBM, thesecond a busy Mac, which has peoplewaiting to use it. The Boss' chiefToady comes in and asks Mr. Big;what he's doing. "I'm trying to seewhich computer is the most powerful."The toady answers with some sillycomputer jargon, but the Boss dis-agrees. "I think it's the one peopleuse," Mr. Big says. And I'm beginningto think that's the truth.

66 UBRARIESI!3

81

I've been known to go a wholeweek without even turning on myCompaq. Still, I'm not quite ready togive up on PCs. My Boss has prom-ised me a new 386 machine with acolor monitor, and I can't wait to get

J'"

my hands on Windows. Yet, I knowwhen I get it, I'll be wondering if it'sas good as my Mac. And this from thewoman who, just 5 months ago, thoughtthe Mac was little more than a toy! tt

Barbara Passoff is Microcomputer Services librarian at Simmons College in

Boston, Mass. She spends much of her day trying to resurrect dead and dying

computers (PCs and Macs) in the Microcomputer lab and Classroom. Mail will

find its way to:

Simmons College

ij 300 The Fenway

Boston, MA 02115

Phone: (6 7) 738-3255/2243

Bitnet: Przoff@Babson

How I Learned to Stop Worrying.../Barbara Passoff 67

R2

Reach OutAnd TN()e AtSomeone:(or How I found happiness insleepless nights on the Fidonet)

&z:a "sAcza

nformation is a very valulble possession these days.In libraries, we try to give free and ripen access to all.Sadly, we are often limited in the proximity in whichwe can exchange information. I can hand you a

book or tell you who won the Grammy for the best con-temporary folk Libum (Shawn Colvin "Steady On", incase you're interested). But how do I share informationwith an individual across the country or around theglobe? Especially if we've never met, how do I make thatconnection in the first place?

68

83

macintoshed UBRARIU

Telecommunications save the day toreach anyone any where. With almost anytype of computer and a modem, I canconnect to any number of online resourc-es. Many of these are very interactive.The BIG players include CompuServe,GEnie, America Online, Apple Link,Dialog, the Internet, and Fidonet; butthere are many smaller systems. Some ofthese like The WELL, The Point tnd EasySAAbre have gateways from other onlinesystems to make them more accessiblearound the globe.

Fidouet

Fidonet is an international network ofover 10,000 computer systems that con-nect to send netrnail (private email) andEchomail (public discussion groups). Inaddition, files can sometimes be request-ed over the network and there are oftenlocal discussion groups as well. Fidonetcommunications protocols were devel-oped in 1984 by Torn Jennings and theyallow hardware and software of manydifferent types to participate in the net-work. Our planet is divided into zones,zones have regions, regions are dividedinto nets, and nets have hubs, hubs servenodes, and nodes sometimes have points.Points are sort of the electrons of theFidonet universe. Thus my Fidonetaddress is 1:260/328.10. The USA is inzone 1, my "boss" is node 328 off of hub260 and I am point number 10.

Fidonet is not a real time system likeCompuServe or the Internet. Mail andfiles are transported in and out of thelocal node (boss) during preset mailhours that connect it to its hub and theyfind their way, bucket brigade fashionacross the net. I routinely exchange ideaswith net members in Australia and Ger-many. There is a variable time delaythough depending on how messages

route through the net. There are evenhooks to send messages into UUCP andCompuServe, these can sometimes takeover a week to arrive.

Why, if this is so much slower than"the competition", do I like it so much? Ihave three reasons. First, from a sociolog-ical and subjective perspective, excellentpeople hang out on Fidonet. They don'thave to have an expensive computersystem or work for a big corporation orgo to a huge university. They just have tocare enough to get involved and havevery minimal hardware. I daresay, youcould do communicate on Fidonet with a$150 TRS -100 if you wanted to.

Secondly, from an economic stand-point, Fidonet is essentially free. Somebosses charge a small fee to defray theircosts, but nothing like the big networkscharge. It is almost unbelievable to methat a group of over 10,000 amateurshave agreed on something as involved asFidonet. They put in an incredible invest-ment of time and equipment and havetruly earned my respect. If you get in-volved with Fidonet, make sure that youtreat it as the privilege. Informationshouldn't belong only to the rich, but thecosts of providing it are inevitably borneby someone. I process typically around500 pieces of Fidonet mail a day and payno connection charges whatsoever. Icouldn't afford to do that on Com-puServe.

Coparakus

Finally, the software Copernicus towork on Fidonet is great. It is the pointsoftware that I use .o connect to my boss.Copernicus runs totally unattended andallows me to process my mail in a frac-tion of the time that I would spend onany other system. Currently I receive mail

and news on CompuServe, America

Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 69

84

Online, AppleLink, the WELL, and theInternet) and I spend less time on the75% of my mail that is Fidomail than theother 25% across the other systems. Thereis an offline system for CompuServecalled the Navigator. It greatly speedsmail and some file transfers, but limits mein other ways from my use of the system.In addition, CompuServe is limited locallyto 2400 baud and I can exchange datawith my Fidonet boss at 14,400 baud.Many Fidonet boards have high speedmodems.

Fig 1: Mail received via Fidonet can

be sorted with Copernicus by au-

thor and subject, with date and

time stamps affixed to each piece.

install. Once configured, you won't haveto interact with most of that informationunless you switch bosses, buy a newmodem, or make a drastic change ofsome other sort. A new version of Coper-nicus should be available soon which willonly improve this fine program.

There are some interesting featuresbuilt into Copernicus. It has an addressbook to hold Fidonet addresses for allyour private mail and an area menu thatroutes your Echomail. It allows you tosimply request from and send files toyour boss. Most of the rest is just navigat-

AUTHOR SUBJECT DATE TIME SIan WebbJohn SceehcriHike SteinerMike SteinerMike SteinerMike SteinerMike SteinerMike SteinerJoseph EimecnuelJohn RusselChip OldChip OldChip OldMike TaylorMike TaylorVerne PraseJackie TcnokaJason Hyerstay8111 TaylorWilliam SmearsBoy ClayJason EhrlichJason Ehrlich

RE: Mail Order Internal Hard D 03/29/91 07:47:03Re: TrueType + You... imperfect 03/29/91 0111:33:04system 7. 03/29/91 22:05:53Running DOS 03/29/91 22:11:36Prodigy users 03/29/91 22:13:37Systee Softecre 03/29/91 22:20:03Interesting Noes 03/29/01 22:24:29Apple/MS lawsuit 03/29/91 22:29:17RE: The nee styleerlter Ink -j 03/30/91 14:11:57RE: Fonts 03/30/91 15:30:19RE: Desktop Manager Again 03/30/91 00:40:18RE: Meyer Shut It Doer? 03/30/91 22:32:11Re: SE/30 vs licx 03/30/91 23:25:21RE: Echo Hall question 03/28/91 22:11:23White Knight 03/28/91 22:37:40FE: 3 x cnyfont 03/33/91 15:51:05Word 4.0 Portrait i Landscape 03/30/91 11:52:36

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Re: ZOOM MCCCMS 03/30/91 22:36:00Rutonodes 03/30/91 16:56:06Re: 'cliff' for the rAc? 03/30/91 11:32:37 .SoftPC 03/30/91 17:39:01 ItFF6. lb9 03/31/91 08:15:14Re: Counterpoint Mc Copernicu 03/31/91 08 :23:02

( Cancel ) Read ( More ) riticn

For me, the key is Copernicus. I amconvinced that it is the cheapest, mosttrouble free way for a Macintosh ownerto join the electronic community. Thesoftware is inexpensive, and arrives onone floppy disk with an excellent 88 pagemanual. The setup is pretty straightfor-ward with one caveat. You must havealready found a Fidonet system that willlet you operate as a point off of it (Thisshouldn't be too difficult, as points aregenerally less trouble than real-timeusers). The sysop has to give you a bit ofinformation on your setuphis dataphone number, his Fidonet address, yourpoint number, Echomail conferences thathe subscribes to, and possibly somepasswords. Copernicus' manual does anexcellent job of preparing you for the

ing through the stacks of mail, reading,replying, quoting, and sending new mail.(Figure 1) There aren't a lot of flashyicons, but there are pull-down menus foreverything and most functions can becontrolled with faster control-key combi-nations once you get used to it. (Figure 2)Actually, there is such a Spartan look toCopernicus that someone could write aDOS software that ran just like it. Sadly,there is currently no good point softwarefor IBM compatibles at present so thoseusers are "bending" BBS and mailersoftware for the IBM to allow them topoint in. This appears to be beyond therange of anything but a power communi-cations user and limits MS-DOS users tothe slower, real time bulletin boardaccess. Most boards have access time

70

85

macintoshed UBRARIES 63

ceilings that would prevent the user fromaccessing anywhere near 500 pieces ofmail a day, so their bandwidth is limited.My average connect times are under 10minutes unless I FREQ (File REQuest) andthe subsequent offline processing ofautomatically deleting my old messages,decompressing new ones, and delivering

Fig, 2: Copernicus, the software driver for

Fidonet, features menus for everything, with

keyboard equivalents dearly marked as in this

example of the File menu.

interested in the LIBRARY echo hosted byNancy Petersen and I also am a musician.Chris added 3 music conferences at myrequest MUSIC, MUSICSYN, andCD_ECHO. They have become verypopular with other points. His systemalso has echoes on cooking, sailing, andmaking your own beer.

Edit Utilities I:HlraRead by Addressee... CTRead by Area... 3en

Read by Author...Read by Subject...

Post Net Mail...Post Echo Mail...

loseSave.Mot_

Edit Areas...Uiew Log

SequesterMultiFinder

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them to their appropriate areas tends torun me another 15 or 20 minutes. (Figure3) I am usually asleep when it's happening,so that doesn't annoy me in the slightest.

There are many Fidonet conferences,most of which are winnowed by bossesfor local consumption and demand. Manyof the national conferences appear on adocument called the "elist", but oftenhubs will have their own sub-.conferences, and bosses their own localinterest groups. Chris Zazzara, my boss,currently carries 15 national echoes, 6hub echoes, and 8 local groups. / am very

A Personal view of telecommunications

Every system has it's own strengthsand weaknesses. CompuServe, AmericaOnline, GEnie, and Apple Link are fasterways to interact with most softwarecompanies and receive software updates.They also have large file transfer areas.Some pay services have online shoppingmalls, travel agents, encyclopedias, andstock brokers; but you pay for thatconvenience. They are tied to a lot of oldhardware (slow modems, clunkycomputers with limited filenames arid less

Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 71

8C

( Cancel )

than state of the art transfer protocols)and they are slow to upgrade, but thegeneral level of electronic services hasimproved greatly. IBM and Sears havecollaborated on a low cost system calledProdigy. People complain bitterly aboutProdigy being slow and clogged with thecommercial messages that help keep the

Fig. 3: Files are transferred

automatically on Copernicus. This

dialog box manages the transfer by

specifying files and passwords from

the local boss or manager of the

neighborhood node on Fidonet.

have mentioned will only become easierand less expensive.

Apple's Communications Toolboxbodes well for us. A set of building blockroutines for communication softwareprogrammers, it is integral to System 7. Ihate having to have Copernicus andMicro Phone and CIS Navigator and the

Please enter the file name, and the password of the file youwant. If the file is not password protected do NOT enter apassword, just leave the password box blank. If you havespelled the file name correctly, you should get the file duringyour next call to your boss node.

FILE NAME:

PASSWORD:

Inewfilesi

(I Okay it)

Your boss may have a file named TILES' which is a list of thefiles that you may request from the boss system.

cost down. I haven't been able topreview Prodigy because of problems I'vehad with their Mac telecommunicationssoftware. Some are fans of Prodigy in partbecause it is inexpensive but not ascheap as Fidonet.

A new program for UUCP mail calleduAccess from ICE Engineering that hasmany of the features of Copernicus. Dueto the complex nature of UUCP, I believeit is more complicated than Copernicus.Also, you have to have an acccunt on aUUCP host. Inexpensive dial-in access tothe Internetat a variety of differentlevelsis being provided by a newcompany called Performance SystemsInternational. They are still priced out ofreach of most individuals, but even smallcompanies may find great advantage intheir services. In the future, the NationalResearch and Education Network (NREN)may provide a high speed backbone formany different networks to speed theirinternational data transfer. Future inter-connectivity between all of the services I

AOL software and AppleLink all clutteringup my communications folder. Perhapsthe Communications Toolbox will cutdown on all of this digital repetition.

Where is all of this leading? I hope toan era where voice, data, and facsimilecommunications can all be effectivelymanaged and used, to quickly andinexpensively shuttle information to thosewho seek it. Bandwidth and speed willgo up, costs will go down, andcompression techniques will squeezesound and graphics into manageablehunks. Standardized data formats andinterfaces will yield portability acrossplatforms. Individually tailored userprofiles will send "knowbots" scurryingaround the networks scanning for themust useful tidbas while we devote ourtime to compiling, analyzing, and sharingthe accumulation of our efforts. Yourparticipation can only help speed thatprogression.

See you online!*

727

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Alai Rowoth, shown here in a feat of prestidigitation, is a Li-

bra:), Media Specialist at the Liverpool Public Library. He is the kind

person who needs an alarm clock to tell him it's time to go to bed.

A muskion and avid musk collector, he will buy anything round

with a hole in the middle. He truly believes that food isn't sea-

soned properly unless it is painful to eat.

He can be contacted at:

Liverpool Public library

310 Tulip Street

Liverpool, NY 13088-4997

Phone: (315) 457-0310

Fax: (315) 453-7867

Fidonet: 260/328.10

CompuServe: 73775,1216

Internet: arowoth@well.uucp

Bitnet erk05@suvin

Amerka AlanRowoth

Applelink: UG0314

Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 73

88

DevellopmentPlatform :forTomorrow'sInformation RichEnviron.ment

he University of Southern California Library'sfive-year automation plan recognizes the stra-tegic importance of the recent emergence and

explosive growth in the area of online indices,information tools, and full-text databases. Anumber of online information resources areavailable today. A significant number of com-rnercial vendors already provide these resources

to campuses and other organizations for local use anddirect end-user consumption. Accompanying thegrowth of commercially-available information resources

John Waiblinger

74

8

macintoshed LIBRARIES

has been a parallel explosion in thekinds and amount of public domainresources and services under develop-ment by a broad array of governmentagencies, non-profit organizations, andindividual authors and software devel-

Fig. 1: Services mailable on USCInfo include

three different campus information services

as shown on this screen.

still larger audience of academics,researchers, commercial users, and thegeneral public. Concurrent with na-tional and commercial developments,at the local campus level additionalinformation resources and technologies

Welcemo to SCAM°

Homer the USC Library Online Catalog... provides en online Heti rig of all the beaks, auelinisuel nesteriels,microform', mvernmeM liememMe added le 1M UK libraries WWI1978 mai rimy preview verb.

Periodical Databases... provide wearied:el IMndnp far imprint), journals end newspapers.TMes 'debase, each updated resulerl y, avers vide variety el topics.Gamut Darwin NY. lists ef ail jeureals 1 Mead in the entire tittaimme.

Campus Informationarmless online acmes le USD amnia information TM USC Campus

Telephoto Directory is currently available Nee campus informetienservices will be adead in tM *maim beer

opers. Much of this material is nowincreasingly available through variouselectronic distribution networks suchas Bitnet, Internet as well as commer-cial distribution networks like

Fig. 2: The USCInfo Periodical Database

service includes 14 different databases. The

database selection screen provides two

methods of viewing the available periodical

databases: Ability to view all databases in

alphabetical order or the ability to list data-

bases by broad subject category. When a

database is selected, a brief description of its

area of subject coverage is provide at the

bottom of the screen.

1=wwwwSINIOPETIMI

are being both acquired and devel-oped in-house and made available tothe campus community. Taken to-gether, these developments help tocreate a "user community" that is more

818 All Deebeses

0 Arta&tharenitles 0 ilienweicel Sciences

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CompuServe. In addition, there isincreasingly "local" activity on regionalBBSs. The proposed high speed NRENwill serve as a catalyst for develop-ment and delivery of yet a richer andbroader array of materials serving a

knowledgeable about and increasinglyeager to have access to these resourcesand services.

USC's top priority is to create asingle, online information system thatoffers public access to a wide selection

USCInfo/John Waiblinger 75

90

of information resources and servicesin short, to provide a gateway to an

"information rich" environment forstudents, faculty, and staff in the USCcommunity. We have identified thefollowing information services as keycomponents of the online campusinformation system under developmentat USC:

Online Catalog of library holdings,including circulation statusinformation;

Specialized subject areabibliographic databases, indices,and publications;

Fig. 3: The Search Constructor seen is avail-

able in and used to construct searches in all

the USCInfo services. While each of the

USCInfo services provides similar search

features and search options, there are some

differences specific to the database being

searched. A user may choose to simply enter

search terms and use the system default

search options, or use and explor addi-

tional features provided.

Remote document request anddelivery capabilities;Indices and guides to ImageDatabases;Image delivery; andKnowledge management tools,including system tutorials, expertsystem navigational tools, data andinformation manipulation tools,etc.USC has begun to lay the founda-

tion for delivery of these servicesthrough USCInfo, the university'sintegrated campus information system.(Figure 1)

llorner Search Constructor

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Nit hard 0 Author 0 Exact Title 0 Title Words°Reber/Title Co SubjeCi=i=1

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HOMER PERIOOMAL CAMPUSDATABASES INFO

Campus information files andservices including onlinetelephone listings, class schedules,event calendars, servicedirectories, etc.;Information about and access toresources available on both localand national networks;Commercially available full textresources;Numeric and "raw research data"stored and available only inelectronic form;Full-text versions of public domaindocuments;

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USCInfo 2.0: The Current Publkly Available

Information System

In January 1990, USC began work-ing on meeting its goal to create asingle access, easy to use system forexisting library bibliographic informa-tion resources as well as planning forthe addition of campus informationfiles and resources to the system. TheLibrary Online Catalog (HOMER), 14locally mounted periodical databases(Figure 2) (see Appendix for details),and the campus telephone directorywere all consolidated on an IBM 3090mainframe using the BRS Search

7691

macintoshed UBRARILII

software. Providing and consolidatingthe files was only the first step. Flow tomake all of these different informationresources easy to use for a potentialuniversity user population of about40,000 individu?ls and providing the

Fig. 4: The user is provided information on

the number of records retrieved by the

search and provided a short Author/Title list

of the retrieved citations. This list can easily

be browsed backwards or forwards, and the

individual citation can be displayed by click-

ing on the desired record in the list.

Fillet d i.1

to host is via standard TCP/IP proto-cols, using MacTCP. Most importantly,every public access Macintosh in theall of the USC Libraries are able to"see" and access all other hosts onboth the campus, as well as the Inter-

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5. Locke, Levrerce F. Propmels tMt vork s avid No6. Cortez, Edwin M. Propose end contracts for Its

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proper access infrastructure was thereal challenge!

To meet this challenge, USC chosethe Macintosh for access and Hyper-Card as the interface developmenttool. Pro :ding workstation basedaccess (instead of terminal access) to

Fig. 5: The Brief Record display is always

provided first by the system; this display

provides the most important information

about the citation. From the Brief Record

display. the user is able to also view Addi-

tional Information, Abstract (when avail-

able), and library Holdings information.

Record. Display

AUTHOR

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net, networks. This provides thecapability for USCInfo to access addi-tional host systems, a planned systemenhancement already under develop-ment.

This workstation model has allowedseparation of the front end, user

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the mainframe system allowed forinstallation of the proper networkenvironment in the Library. The Macin-tosh was easy to incorporate into thecampus' standard network environ-ment. All communication from the Mac

interface from the host. We have usedHyperCard to develop the user inter-face. Using HyperCard has allowed thedevelopment of a graphically attrac-tive, consistent, and easy to use inter-face to USCInfo's multiple information

USCInfokohn Waiblinger 77

resources. This should be evident fromthe sample screens shown in Figure 3and Figure 4. Users have found USCIn-fo friendly and easy to use. We feelthis interface design has removed the"computer" as an impediment tosystem use. (Figure 5) The trainingsessions and individualized helpprovided by Reference Librarians nowfocuses on the intellectual aspects ofchoosing the right resource and con-structing a good search rather thaninstruction on how to use and manipu-late (Figure 6) the computer.

Fig. 6: Throughout the search session, the

user is able to "mark" records to be

"SAVED" for later printing or downloading to

disk. This screen illustrates these features.

ment for interface design. The interfacewas designed by a broad group oflibrarians and programmers. Hyper-Card allowed the design environmentto be iterative and interactivescreensand screen features could easily bedesigned, redesigned, and refined.This working environment created theorganizational links and exchanges sonecessary to success of the project.

Finally, the time frame for concep-tualization of the system to its actualrelease for public use was only ninemonths. HyperCard provided the kind

File or Print Saved Records

One record has been saved during this search fission.Records are saved on the mein computer until the end of thesession. Click to choose one of the following options:

PRINT SAVED RECORDSup to 50 records ata time can be printed.

tIOVE SAVED RECORDS TO DISC(up to 200 records at a Urns can be copied to your diskette.

DELETE SAVED RECORDSall the saved records are deleted nom the main computer

RETURN TO SEARCH SESSIONyour records remain on the main computer and you return to

the search session.

PRINTSAVED

RECORDS

%WuDELETESAVED

RECORO

SEART CMSESSION

KONEN PERMS/CM.DAT ABASES

CAMPOS PRINTSAVED SEC

DOYOLDAOSAVED SEC

Ion

The Development Environment

Development and operation ofUSCInfo is a collaborative effort be-tween the University's Center for

Scholarly Technology, UniversityComputing Services and UniversityLibrary. Work on USCInfo has fosteredorganizational cooperation and indi-vidual interaction between thesediverse groups and considerablyexpanded and enriched the Library'srole, importance, and involvement inaddressing the "information technolo-gy" issues facing the campus. Use of

HyperCard as the interface develop-ment tool, allowed an extremelycollaborative and participative environ-

78

of tools and flexibility to make this

pace possible.The current USCInfo workstation

based access system provides andexcellent foundation for future expan-sion and enhancement. Our develop-ment efforts have and will continue tofocus on three key areas.

User Interface

USC has begun, and continues,research into and development ofsophisticated, yet easy to use naviga-tion, search/retrieval, and displayinterfaces. These tools must utilize new

aide. Mi.amma

macintoshed LIBRARIES4

and increasingly powerful graphicsand windowing capabilities nowavailable through workstation technol-ogy. Today, Library USCInfo access isprovided via 126 Macintosh SE/30workstations using the power andgraphics capabilities of HyperCardfront end interface to access a largeselection of library resources and aninitial campus information resourcefile. Major expansion of campusinformation resource availability isplanned for the summer of 1991.

Fig. 7: Users are provided the ability to eas-

ily send suggestions and requests for system

enhancements to the system developers

using this feature.

full text based service is planned forsummer of 1991.

Standards

Network communication, datastructure/data definition and client toserver interface standards becomeincreasingly important as we tap abroader range of information resourcesand serve more and more users onmore and different systems. Incorpora-tion of developing 239.50 standardsinto the USCInfo system architecture

Sugg5horis to impr ove US t of

[wilo API you 7 owe, etc le only rev** yte wog s reply)

4) Undo rgnneioeswe

SUGGEST ODOSTO LIBRARY

New: 1

Phone: Greduete

rscultv

0StaffCASCO.Address:

ENTER StILGIIONS

System Architecture and Infrastructure

USC has begun to build the appro-priate local network structure andbegun development of an appropriatesystem architecture to support adistributed, client/server based infor-mation system. Today, Library USCInfoaccess is provided through a worksta-tion to host based connection viastandard TCP/IP protocols on a highspeed FDDI campus network. Thisbasic construction will allow us todevelop access to multiple informationservers via the network through acommon client interface. Connectionand access to a second informationhost/server on the network providing a

has been identified as a major focuspoint for future development efforts.

Next Steps

As the number of available elec-tronic information resources continuesto grow and diversify, new servicesand features will continue to bedeveloped for USCInfo. Our currentMacintosh production and develop-ment environment provides an idealfoundation for such continued growth.This summer we will be conducting amajor review and evaluation of thecurrent interface (including evaluationof the many comments we've received

USCInfollohn Waiblinger 79

14

via the online "Suggestion Box" feature[Figure 7]) to both improve and addnew features to the USCInfo interface.The Center for Scholarly Technology,University Computing Services, andUniversity Library at USC would like to

Appeedix

Available Periodkal Databases on USCInfo

share the results of our Work withother institutions. We welcome oppor-tunities to discuss relevant methods forsharing and applying our work torelated development efforts at otherinstitutions.*

The periodical databases available on USCInfo, each updated regularly, cover awide variety of topics. Available databases are listed below in alphabetical order:

Applied Science & Technology Index - 1983 to presentArt Index - 1984 to presentComputer Database - 1986 to present (includes Abstracts)General Science Index - 1984 to presentHumanities Index - 1984 to presentlibrary Literature - 1984 to presentMagazine Index - 1983 to presentManagement Contents - 1986 to present (includes Abstracts)MEDLINE - 1980 to present (includes Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature,and International Nursing Index abstracts). Offered jointly by the Central librarySystem and Health Sciences LibrariesNational Newspaper Index - 1981 to present for the following 5 newspapers:Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times, New York Times, Wall StreetJournal, and Washington PostPAIS 1972 to present (includes Public Affairs Information Service abstracts)PsycINFO 1984 to present (includes Psychological Abstracts)Social Sciences Index - 1984 to presentTrade & Industry Index - 1982 to present

",

John Waib linger is the Assistant University Librarian for Academic Information Services and Associate Director,

Center for Scholarly Technology at the University of Southern California. He has primary overall responsibility for

management of the USCInfo Development process.

John can be reached as follows:

University of Southern California

Doheny Memorial library, DML-300

Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182

Phone: (213) 740-2930

Fax: (213) 749-1221

Bitnet: waibling@uscvm.bitnet

Internet: waibling@vm.usc.edu

Other principal managers of the USCInfo Project are:

Karl Geiger, Manager of Decision & Information System, University Computing Services

Internet karl@vm.usc.edu

Bill Scheding, Director Software Development, Center for Scholarly Technology

Internet: scheding@vm.usc.edu

Chris Sterback, Manager, Bibliographic Information Services, University library

Internet: sterback@vmusc.edu

Lucy Wegner, Head library Automation Development, Center for Scholarly Technology

Internet: wegner@vm.usc.edu

80 11.111RARIES

9)

VENDOR INDEXThe following is a listing of the vendors of hardware andsoftware products mentioned in these pages:

ABC News InteractiveOptical Data Corp.30 Technology Drive, P.O. Box 4919Warren, NJ 07060(800) 524-2481Election 88

Aldus Corp.411 First Street SouthSeattle, WA 98104-2871(206) 622-5500PageMaker

American AirlinesP.O. Box 619616, Mail Drop 1373Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, TX 75261(817) 540-6950(800) 331-2690Easy SAAbre

American Psychological Association1400 N. Uhle St.Arlington, VA 22201(703) 247-7829(800) 336-4980PsycINFO

Apple Computer, Inc.20525 Mariani AvenueCupertino, CA 95014(408) 996-1010Apple IIApple IlcApple IleApple IlgsApple Personal ModemApple ScannerAppleCD SC

Apple LinkApple ShareAppleTalkCommunications ToolboxImage Writer IILaserWriterLaserWriter IILaserWriter IINTLaserWriter PlusLisa

Lisa OfficeLocalTalkMacintoshMacintosh 512KMacintosh ClassicMacintosh IIMacintosh IlcxMacintosh IlfxMacintosh PlusMacintosh PortableMacintosh SEMacintosh SE/30MacTerminal

Aries Systems Corp.79 Boxford StreetNorth Andover, MA 01845(617) 689-9334Knowledge Server

Association for EducationalCommunications and Technology1126 16th St., N.W.Washington, DC 20036(202) 466-4780AECT

Broderbund Software, Inc.17 Paul DriveSan Rafael, CA 94903

Dialog Information Services, Inc.3460 Hillview Dr.Palo Alto, CA 94304

(415) 492-3500 (415) 858-2700(800) 521-6263 (800) 334-2564Print Shop

BRS Information TechnologiesA division of Maxwell Online, Inc.1200 Route 7Latham, NY 12210(518) 783-1161(800) 345-4277BRS Search

Caspr2011 Stevens Creek Blvd., Ste.270Cupertino, CA 95014(800) 852-2777Mac Library System (MLS)

Claris5201 Patrick Henry DriveBox 58168Sani.a Clara, CA 95054(800) 544-8554(408) 987-7000AppleWorksFile Maker llFile Maker PlusHyperCardMac Draw IIMacWrite ll

Compaq Computer Corp.20555 State Highway 249Houston, TX 77070(713) 370-0670(800) 231-0900Compaq Desk ProCompaq Portable

CompuServe, Inc.5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.Columbus, OH 43220(800) 848-8199(614) 457-0802Navigator

Dialog

Digital Equipment Corp.Maynard, MA 01754-2571(800) 343-4040VAX

VAX Server

Dream Maker Software7217 Foothill Blvd.Tujunga, CA 91042(800) 876-5665Mac Gallery

Fox Software, Inc.118 W. South BoundaryPerrysburg, OH 43551(419) 874-0162FoxBase+/Mac

Freesoft Corp.105 McKinley RoadBeaver Falls, PA 15010(412) 846-2700Red Ryder

GCC Technologies, Inc.580 Winter St.Waltham, MA 02154(800) 422-7777Ultra Drive

General Electric Information Servi-!s401 N. Washington St.Rockville, MD 20850(301) 340-4000(800) 638-9636GEnie

8297 UBRARIES

IBM -orp.1133 Westchester Ave.White Plains, NY 10604(800) IBM-2468IBM 3090IBM PCIBM PS/2

Information Access Co.362 Lakeside DriveFoster City, CA 94404(415) 378-5000(800) 227-8431Computer DatabaseTrade & Industry IndexMagazine IndexManagement ContentsNational Newspaper Index

Informix Software, Inc.4100 Bohannon Dr.Menlo Park, CA 94025(415) 322-4100(800) 331-1763Wingz

Library Interface Systems, Inc.7900 International Drive, Suite 632Bloomington, MN 55425(612) 854-2189(800) 234-5183Mac Book II Plus

Lotus Development Corp.55 Cambridge ParkwayCambridge, MA 02142(617) 253-9150Lotus 1-2-3

Microsoft Corp.One Microsoft WayRichmond, WA 98052-6399(206) 882-8080Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Power PointMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft WordMicrosoft Works

National Education Association1201 16th Street, NWWashington, DC 20036(202) 833-4000NEA Bulletin Board

National Library of Medicine8600 Rockville PikeBethesda, MD 20209(301) 496-6193MEDLINEMeSH

Novell, Inc.122 East 1700 SouthProvo, UT 84606(801) 379-5900(800) 526-5463Novell Kinetics Fast Path

OCLC Online Computer LibraryCenter, Inc.6565 Frantz RoadDublin, OH 43017-0702(614) 764-6000OCLC

Pacer Software, Inc.7911 Herschel AvenueLa Jolla, CA 92037(619) 454-0565PacerLink

Platinum s.a.90, rue de Miromesnil75008 Paris, France(1) 45 63 36 62Biblio-Tech

Prodigy Services, Inc.445 Hamilton Ave.White Plains, NY 10601(800) 822-6922, ext.205Prodigy

Vendor Index9

838

Public Affairs Information Service,Inc.521 West 43rd St.New York, NY 10036-4396(212) 736-6629(800) 288-PAISPAIS

Quantum Computer Services, Inc.8619 Westwood Center Dr.Vienna, VA 22182(800) 227-6364, ext.5276America Online

Quark, Inc.300 S. Jackson St., #100Denver, CO 80209(800) 356-9363(303) 934-2211QuarkXPress

Radio Shack700 One Tandy CenterFt. Worth, TX 76102(817) 390-3549TRS-1 00

Radius, Inc.1710 Fortune DriveSan Jose, CA 95131(408) 434-1010Radius Full Page Display System

The Research Libraries Group, Inc.1200 Villa St.Mountain View, CA 94041-1100(415) 962-9951RUN

Richmond Software Corp.P.O. Box 1744Roswell, GA 30077(800) 222-6063Mac the Librarian

Right On Programs755-S New York Ave.Huntington, NY 11743(516) 424-7777On-Line Mac Catalog

Serenity PartnersP.O. Box 30582201 Oyster Bay LaneGulf Shores, AL 36542(205) 968-8165Computer Assisted Library Management(CALM)

Shiva Corp.1 Cambridge CenterCambridge, MA 02142(617) 252-6300Net Modem

Silicon Beach Software9770 Carroll Center Rd., Suite JSan Diego, CA 92126(619) 695-6956Super Paint

Silver Platter Information, Inc.37 Walnut St.Wellesley Hills, MA 02181(617) 239-0306MacSpirs

Software DesignP.O. Box 12016Des Moines, IA 50312-2016(515) 279-9650Copernicus

Software Ventures Corp.2907 Claremont Ave., Suite 220Berkeley, Cl. 94705(800) 336-6477Micro Phone

Sony Corp.Sony DrivePark Ridge, NJ 07656(800) 222-SONYVideodisc players

Telebase Systems, Inc.763 W. Lancaster Ave.Bryn Mawr, PA 19010(215) 296-2000(800) 841-9553EasyNet

$14 macintoshed riTrrrr-nnt

Texas InstrumentsP.O. Box 202230Austin, TX 78720(800) 527-3500Texas Instruments terminals

Ungermann-Bass, Inc.3900 Freedom CircleSanta Clara, CA 95054(408) 496-0111(800) 873-6381Net One

U.S. Department of EducationOffice of Educational Research andImprovementERIC Processing and Reference Facility2440 Research Blvd., Suite 550Rockville, MD 20850(301) 656-9723ERIC

Upper Broadway Bodegac/o Ann BevilacquaBox 855Manchester, CT 06040(203) 647-8104Research Assistant

Voyager Corp.1351 Pacific Coast HighwaySanta Monica, CA 90401(800) 443-2001(800) 446-2001Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CDCompanionNational Gallery of Art

The WELL27 Gate Five RoadSausalito, CA 94965(415) 332-4335The WELL (Whole Earth lectronic Link)

H.W. Wilson Co.950 University Ave.Bronx, NY 10017(212) 697-8400(800) 367-6770Applied Science & Technology IndexArt IndexGeneral Science IndexHumanities IndexLibrary LiteratureSocial Sciences Index

WordPerfect Corp.1555 N. Technology WayOrem, UT 84057(801) 225-5000(800) 451-5151WordPerfect

Zenith Data Systems1501 Feehanville Dr.Mt. Prospect, IL 60056(708) 699-4800(800) 553-0331Zenith computers

Vendor Index 85

100

INDEXAAarhus School of Business 33, 37

Economics Faculty 33Faculty of Modem Languages 33, 34

Department of ComputationalLinguistics 34, 37

Library ii, ix, 33, 37ABC News

Election 88 x, 45, 46academic libraries 1, 11, 19, 23, 32,

33, 37, 64, 67, 74, 80AccuWare Business Solutions

Resource Librarian 25

acquisitions 41, 57administrative computing 20Adobe Systems, Inc.

PostScript 93Type 1 93

.Albretsen, Jurgen 33, 37Aldus Corp.

Page Maker 50, 93America Online 69, 71Apple Computer, Inc.

Apple II xiiiApple Ile 40Apple He 39, 55, 56, 65Apple IIgs 65Apple Library viii, 12, 18, 61Apple Personal Modem 42Apple Scanner 35AppleCD SC 2, 5, 14Apple Link 69, 72, 92Apple Share 13, 14AppleTalk 27

Communications Toolbox xi, 72Hyper Scan 35Image Writer II 2, 13, 20, 22importance of stopping at Apple booth

in exhibits 49, 50LaserWriter 27Izser Writer II 2, 5LaserWriter IINT 20

LaserWriter Plus 2

Lisa xiii, xivLisa Office xiiiLocalTalk 2, 5, 6, 9Macintosh xiii, xv, 33, 34, 37, 92Macintosh 512K 65Macintosh Classic 6Macintosh II 2,

Macintosh IIfxMacintosh Plus

5,

172,

14

6, 66Macintosh Portable 93Macintosh SE x, xi, 2, 3, 8, 20, 22,

42, 44, 46, 50, 65Macintosh SE/30 xii, 66, 79MacTerminal xivTrueType 93

Apple Library Users Group xiii, xiv, 62Apple Teaching Fellows 92, 93Applied Science & Technology Index 80Aries Systems Corp.

Knowledge Server 4, 7Art Index 80art libraries 19, 23ASCII 5

Association for EducationalCommunications and Tech 45

Atex 39, 40, 42

Bbanners 55

Bell Communications Research 6Bellamy, Lois M. 1, 11Bellcore 6

Bercik, Mary Ellen 12, 18beta testing 12, 17bibliographic instruction xi, xiv, 3, 7,

20, 60, 62, 78bibliographies 20, 45, 76Big, Mr. 66Bitnet 75Bloom, Stephen 19, 23Bonham, Carol 24, 28

86 UBRARIES2-S.

101

book order reconciliation 21

Boston & Maine Railroad 39British Columbia Ministry of Tourism 49

Broderbund Software, Inc.Print Shop x, 45, 55

Brodie, Kay 29, 32Broun, Kevin 18

BRS Search 76budget preparation 21, 66bulletin boards x, 58, 59, 75

as source of software for libraries 25Byskov, Lene 33, 37

CCaspr

Mac Library System (MLS) 25

catalog cards 55cataloging ix, 7, 26, 27, 38, 42CD-ROM 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 18Chesapeake College, Wye Mills, MD

Learning Resource Center ix, 29, 32Chicago Public Library, The

Conrad Sulzer Regional Library 93circulation ix, 3, 27, 39, 41, 46, 55Claris

AppleWorks 55

FileMaker II 9

FileMaker Plus 8, 59FileMaker Pro 93HyperCani v, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xiv, xv,

3, 5, 6, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 34,37, 45, 46, 48, 53, 59, 60, 62,77, 79, 93

HyperTalk 21, 35MacWrite 56, 65, 66

community college libraries 32

community-library relations ix, 32Compaq

Compaq DeskPro 65Compaq Portable xi, 65, 66, 67

CompuServe 59, 69, 71, 75Navigator 70, 72

Computer Database 80computer-aided instruction 3computer-aided reference 2, 3, 4, 6

DDanville Public Library, Danville, VA 24Darwin, Charles xiiidata conversion ix, 40, 41database development ix, x, 29, 30,

32, 57database searching 6, 16, 18

speed of searches 5, 16, 17desktop publishing ix, x, 32, 40, 50,

58, 93Dialog 69Digital Equipment Corp.

VAX 6, 7, 9VAX Server ix, 27

dinosaurs 92Directory of Upper Shore Community

Services ix, 29, 32discard reports 57

DOCLINE 7document delivery viii, 7, 8, 16documentation, lack of 42Dream Maker Software

MacGallery 57Drexel University 52

Drury, George H. 38, 42

EEastern Shore Regional Library, MD 32Easy SAAbre 69EasyNet 20

electronic mail xi, 7, 15, 16, 68, 72ERIC viii, 14, 16, 17Ertel, Monica ii, xivEthernet 2, 13, 14, 17

FFDDI 79

Felch, Carol 44, 46, 47Fidonet xi, 68, 72file servers

usage statistics 5, 6, 16Firesign Theater 93

Fox Software, Inc.FoxBase+/Mac 20, 22

free text searching 5

Index 87

102

Freesoft Corp.Red Ryder xiv, 9

GGCC Technologies, Inc.

UltraDrive 42General Science Index 80GEnie 69, 71graphics x, 57, 66GTE Government Systems, Research

Triangle Park, N.0Library ix, 24, 28

HHardCard 65Holmboe, Henrik 34HOMER 76Humanities Index 80HyperCard Library Instruction

Project xi, 60, 62hypermedia 11

IIBM

IBM 3090 76IBM PC 65, 66IBM PS/2 65Selectric 39

ICE EngineeringuAccess 72

Index Medicus 4Information Power 45Informix Software, Inc.

Wingz 66Integrated Services Digital Networkinterface design 61, 77, 79interlibrary loans 7, 8, 26Internet 7, 69, 75, 77, 92ISDN 6, 7

JJennings, Tom 69Jewell, Claudia 29, 32John, Nancy ii

junior high school libraries x, 44, 46Justie, Kevin xiv

KKalmbach Publishing Co., Waukesha, WI

Library ix, 38, 42knowbots xv, 72

LLancaster Junior High School,

Lancaster, TXLibrary x, 44, 46

LCD. See liquid crystal displaylibrary administration viii, 19, 20,

21, 34Library Interface Systems, Inc.

MacBook II Plus 25

Library Literature 80Library Management 25, 28library promotions

with HyperCard x, 48, 53licensing agreements 14

liquid crystal display 7local area networks 2, 12, 18, 20Lotus Development Corp.

Lotus 1-2-3 66

MMaantashed LibrariesMacTCP 77Magazine Index 80Management ContentsMARC 28marketing

6 with HyperCard 48, 53Mattscheck, Barbara 48, 53McLuhan, Marshall Herbert 48medical libraries 1, 11MEDLINE viii, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14, 16, 17, 80Merriam Center for Public Administration

Library 92

MeSH 5

Microsoft Corp.Microsoft Excel 20, 21Microsoft Windows 67Microsoft Word ix, x, 20, 21, 30,

40, 42, 45, 50, 66

v, vii, 92, 93

80

88103

macintoshed UBRARIES Z

Microsoft Works ix, x, 10, 20, 30,31, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 57

MIDI 21

Model Railroader 38multimedia viii, 19, 21, 22

NNational Education Association

NEA Bulletin Board 58National Library of Medicine 7

National Newspaper Index 80

National Research and EducationNetwork xi, 72, 75

network standards 79New Jersey

Teacher's Recognition Program 56

newsletter production 50

Nielsen, Ellen 34North Carolina State 26

Novell, Inc.Novell Kinetics FastPath 2, 5, 6

NREN. See National Research andEducation Network

0OCLC vi, 7, 20°karma, Mary E. 54, 59online catalogs xii, 4, 7, 76online searching viii, 8, 10, 19, 20,

26, 36, 74, 80optical fiber 13

OSH-ROM viii, 14, 16overdue reports 57

Pacer Software, Inc.PacerLink 7, 9

PAIS 80Parker, Joan 60, 62Parker, Sara 51

Passoff, Barbara 64, 67Pennsylvania

Commissioner of Libraries 51

Governor's Conference on Library &Information Sery x, 49, 52

periodical databases xii, 80Petersen, Nancy 71

Philadelphia College of Art andDesign 19

Philadelphia College of PerformingArts 19

Platinum s.a.Biblio-Tech 25

Point 69Prodigy 71, 72PsycINFO 80

aQuark, Inc.

QuarkXPress 40, 42Quick Card 55

RRadio Shack

TRS-100 69Radius Inc.

Radius Full Page Display System 42

Railfan Guide to Austria 40Railfan Guide to Switzerland 40

Reding, Bill 18

reference viii, 3, 12, 17, 20, 34, 36, 78resource sharing 2

Richmond Software Corp.Mac the Librarian 25

Right On ProgramsOn-Line MacCatalog 41

RLIN 20Rowoth, Alan 68, 72

SSan Francisco State University 61

J. Paul Leonard Library 60

Sandiego, Carmen 65

scams 92scanning 35, 36, 40, 42scheduling 45school libraries x, 44, 46, 55, 59Serenity Partners

Computer Assisted Library Management(CALM) 25

serials controlusing HyperCard 45

shareware ix, 24, 28Library Management 25, 28

Index 89

104

Shiva Corp.Net Modem 2, 6, 9

Shongum School, Randolph, NJMedia Center x, 54, 59

Silicon Beach SoftwareSuper Paint 57

Silver Platter Information, Inc.MacSpirs viii, 12, 18

Simmons College, Boston, MALibrary xi, 64, 67

slide collections viii, 22Social Sciences Index 80Software Design

Copernicus xi, 69, 72software development 61

software fairies 66Software Ventures

Micro Phone 72Sonderkxri, Birgitte 34Sony Corp.

videodisc players 21

typewritersRoyal 39Selectric 39

Ungermann-BassNetOne 2, 5, 6

University of North Carolina, ChapelHill 26

University of Southern California, LosAngeles

Center for ScholarlyTechnology 78, 80

University Computing Services 78, 80University Library vi, xii, 74, 80

University of Tennessee, MemphisAllied Health Sciences 1

Biomedical Information TransferCenter 2, 6

Dentistry 1

Graduate Health Sciences 1

special libraries ix, x, 12, 18,48, 53

Special Libraries AssociationPhiladelphia Chapter x, 49,

statistics 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 20,Steiner, Mike 25student wage reports 21

subject authority files 21

24,

5327,

28,

41

Health Science Library viii, 1, 11Medicine 1

Nursing 1

Pharmacy 1

Radiology Department 6

Social Work 1

Stollerman Library viii, 1, 2, 6, 7University of the Arts, Philadelphia

Subtleties of Macintosh Typesetting 42Switzerland 40

Talan, Harriet 60TCP/IP 77, 79Tegler, Patricia ii

telecommunications xi, 68,templates 61

Texas Instrumentsterminal 8

text editing 39Trade & Industry Index 80Trains 38, 40transparencies 57typesetting 42

72, 74, 80

University Libraries viii, 19, 23USCInfo xii, 80UUCP 69, 72

VVaccaro, Bill ii, v, 50, 93Valauskas, Edward J. ii, vii, xiii, xv,

49, 50, 92virgins 42

Voyager Corp.Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD

Companion 21

National Gallery of Art 21

90 105 macintoshed UBRARIES

w zWaiblinger, John 74, 80 Z39.50 79

WELL, The 69 Zazzara, Chris 71

word processing x, 2, 7, 19, 30, 31, Zenith56, 57 Zenith computers 65

WordPerfect Corp.WordPerfect 65, 66

Index 91

106

ABOUT THE EDITOILS

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Edward J. Valauskas, shownabove recently dodging maniacal busdrivers on the streets of Leningrad, isfounder, co-editor and chief bottle-washer of Mactntoshed Libraries. Hedoes the major editing and indexingchores for this publication and isalways on the lookout for a goodmanuscript. He was recently named anApple Teaching Fellow and leads aseries of workshops on the Mac at hislibrary. In his spare time, he can beseen in his familiar role as AssistantDirector of the Merriam Center Libraryfor Public Administration in the heartof the University of Chicago campus.Besides thinking up great scams, he

, 4'

collects Macintosh computers and theirdescendants as well as anythingdinosaur-like. You can almost alwaysfind him lurking electronically onAppleLink and the Internet.*

You can reach Ed at the followingaddress:

Library of the Merriam Center forPublic Administration1313 E. 60th StreetChicago, IL 60637Phone: (312) 947-2161Fax: (312) 947-2164Applelink: G0094Bitnet: U25112@UICVM

92107

LIBRARIES

Bill Vaccaro, shown right in anintimate moment with friends (that'shim in the center just in case you'rewondering), is co-editor and chiefbottle dryer for Macintoshed Libraries.Bill's chief role in this cosmic design isto put all the finished manuscripts andgraphics into the delightful display ofdesktop publishing pyrotechnics thatyou, gentle reader, are holding loving-ly in your hands at this very moment.While doing all this, he simultaneouslydesigns and scripts an electronicedition of this tome (published inHyperCard 2.0 format), putting to restthe age-old question "How can you betwo places at once when you're reallynowhere at all." Also an Apple Teach-ing Fellow, he's been known to givean occasional workshop or two onsuch topics as HyperCard, Page Makerand File Maker Pro.

/;1`,°:

if g:os, ;TIC?

424,

x

When not on his backyard deck withMacintosh Portable in tow (he claims touse it for weight training), he can befound at the Chicago Public Library'sSulzer Regional blanch in his disguise asAssistant Head of the Social Sciences andHistory Unit. He collects PostScript Type1 and TrueType fonts as a hobby.*

1. First postulated by Firesign Theater In the early1970s.

Fan mail addressed to Bill can be sent to:

Conrad Sulzer Regional Library4455 N. Lincoln AvenueChicago, IL 60625Phone: (312) 728-8652Fax: (312) 878-0860Applelink: VACCARO.BCompuServe: 76266,147Internet: vaccaro.b©applelink.apple.com

e ;,:e ' ee re r e e

A A

About the Editors 93

.108

0.

ziardware. .

.Macintosh Poitable ii/2 Mb RAM; MaiintoshlkiW/5.146 RAM; MairitoshlIfir w/4 MI 04; Apple

Poitrad Displiry monitor W/APple Portrait Display card (11a); AppleColor RGB 13 in;Colet.bleniter..-

(11(x); (fawn 45 Removable HardDriie;Ap Pie Portable 2400. MadenS(Patehle); Apple Personal

Moderif(llfx);IpPle Scanner; APPli4OHDSC Internal Portable Hard Disk (Portable), Apple

130.1.1.0% Internal Half Oisks.(11cx'and 114); AppleCrig-Drive:.(Pciffable) :'::. . Softivotee.

System 6,8.5 and System 6:0J (operating system), Claris MacWrite 1111, CE Software MixlsWrite,

and Microsoft Word 4.0 (Word 'praieiiing);41Olink.,-:SaftWare'Ventarei MO** 3.0; and

' frieieft Corp"; MVO )(night 11.10 (telecornintiniiations); 80.00 disk accessory (File ianterilon

- shinier-e); FlaShlf v 21' and 2.241.' central' device **(Screen' *Clain-

PageAk4er 44 (page layout), Fifth Generation: Sugiosi ApPle. tirierii.i1111T; 'Adokrip.O.

h4ntragef2.0 and Type Ain 14 (font handling, Special hip'. treatments), CE SaftWare. Oak/0(4s

2.0 (macro Akitiiiiii111.1' and Silicon fleach-SifirerPoini 2.0 .(bitriniiiind PICT

graphic editing and touchup), Apple Appkkan (grayscele TIFF scans of photagraphs);Adobc.-

illustrator-34 (cover art) . . -

.

Type. Body text fares (Adobe)

ITC Garamond 11/14 pt (body twit); ITC Gaillard 16/18 pt (leed paragraph); Courier 9/12 at

. (HyperCard kalifs); Future Condensed 11/14 pt (captions and author biographies); ITCGartord

.Itakc 18/auto (puN antes); FlituriGndenied Bold 11/14 Pt (body text subheads); Copperplates

. 31AB 12/14 pt Ititlefof articles in Table °ICI...intents); Hehntka Light 12/14 a (subtitles of articles

in Table of Contents); Futura Book 12/16 pt (author names in Table of (intents); ITC Garamond

9/12 Pt (abstracts in Table of Contents); Futurci Heavy 16/18 (lead paragraph subheads); ITC

Goranond. 9/12 pt (footnotes); and.Garamand 10/12 pt (body text for inserts).

Display Text Facer

:Covet Art: Copperplate 31AB, Futura Extra Bold, and lithos Bold (Adobe).

Head and Arsants:kdlited (freeform 1TrueType); Biffo MT (Manotype TrueType); CarrickCaps

. (frown); Century Old Style (Adobe); Charter IT (Monotype TrueType); Copperplate 31AB

(Adobe); DrogonwiCk (firmware); Embassy BT (Monotype - TrueType); Future Bold, Future Extra

Bold,Futirra Candensed.Extra Bald; .Faara Condensed light, Futura Heavy (Adobe); Goadyllundrixl

(freavare);IITC.Gariinte6411old {Abate); IsadorigapS.(freeifOne); LightsOut Warman); Manta-

nita (frieViari);-Mintallighti (freaVare); Middleton (fineware); New Century Schoolbook (Adobe); :

. Old Style Bold (Monotype TrneTyPe); Peignot Derni (Adobe), PiichedelkSmokelfrieware);

Rariseraioti(shareWate); Rhyalite (shareware); Riverside (freeware)i Sans Said (Monotype :

Trinann); Showboat . (True Type freaitare);SlabFrice lfreavare); Stun l OT (Monotype

TrueTnie); UnierWestSide (freitware);Wiridsortlemi (fieeware); and Zapf Dingbats (Adobe). All

freeWareishorewari fonts used in this publication are available (or your downloading pleasure

on compuServes.'1.1doc and Desktop Publishing Firiorns: ..': :'

Mired laneoutTheiniago of Mary Bien Bercik was captured on a RasterOps video board installed on a Macintosh

II series computer. The digitized image was then touched up by the author using Adobe Photoshop

and transmitted to the editors electronically via ApPlelink:The image Of Alan Rowoth isa giayscale.

TIFF file Supplied by the author. : . .

. . . . .

. .

. Output .

Thicover.ing eSond page 3 were printed on an Apple LaserWriter 111111 printer. All other camera-.

tomtit Copy was produced On an Apple LaserWriter IISC printer on Hammerhill Bond Laser Print

white long grain 524/60 81/1* 11' paper: Reproduction was clorie using traditional photome-, .

chaniail inethods.:

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