255

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Ahroon, William A. See FAY, AHROON andORAWSKI

Aiello, Edward. See CATAPANE, STEFANO andAlELLO

Alexander, R. McN. See CUMINC, ALEXANDERand JAYES

Anderson, M. and Mrose, H. Chemical excita-tion of the provcntriculus of the polychaeteworm Syliis tpongiphila 75, 113

Arnold, G. P. and Weihs, D. The hydro-dynamics of rheotaxis in the plaice (PUiiro-nectet platessa L.) 75, 147

Baba, Shoji, A. See HIRAMOTO and BABABartholomew, G. A. and Heinrich, B. Endo-

thermy in African dung beetles during flight,ball making and ball rolling 73, 65

Bartholomew, George A. and Casey, TimothyM. Oxygen consumption of moths duringrest, pre-flight warm-up, and flight in rela-tion to body size and wing morphology 76,11

Benson, J. A. and Treherne, J. E. Axonal adapta-tions to osmotic and ionic stress in an in-vertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierella ertig-matica Fauvel). II. Effects of ionic dilutionon the resting and action potentials 76, 205III. Adaptations to hyposmotic dilution 76,

221See also SKAER, TREHERNE, BENSON and

MORETONBentley, P. J. See YoRto and BENTLEYBerridge, M. J. and Schlue, W. R. Ion selective

electrode studies on the effect of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine on the intracellular level ofpotassium in an insect salivary gland 72,203See also GUPTA, BERRIDGE, HALL and

MORETONBlankemeyer, James T. and Harvey, William

R. Identification of active cell in potassiumtransporting epithelium 77, 1.

Booth, J. H. The distribution of blood flow in thegills of fish: application of a new techniqueto rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) 73, 119

Brackenbury, J. H. Respiratory mechanics ofsound production in chickens and geese 7a,229

Burggren, W. W. See GLASS, BURCCREN andJOHANSEN

Burrows, M. See PFLUGER and BURROWSBurrows, Malcolm. Sources of variation in the

output of locust spiracular motoneuronesreceiving common synaptic driving 74, 175

Bush, B. M. H., Vedel, J. P. and Clarac, F.Intersegmental reflex actions from a jointsensory organ (CB) to a muscle receptor(MCO) in decapod crustacean limbs 73, 47See also CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH

Butler, P. J., Taylor, E. W. and McMahon,B. R. Respiratory and circulatory changes inthe lobster (Homarns vulgaris) during longterm exposure to hypoxia 73, 131

Casey, Timothy M. See BARTHOLOMEW andCASEY; HEINRICH and CASEY

Carlson, A. D., Pichon, Y. and Treherne, J. E.Effects of osmotic stress on the electricalactivities of the giant axon of a marineosmoconformer Sabella penicillin 75, 237

Catapane, Edward J., Stefano, George B. andAiello, Edward. Pharmacological study ofthe reciprocal dual innervation of the lateralciliated gill epithelium by the CNS ofMytilus edulis (Bivalvia) 74, 101

Clarac, F., Vedel, J. P. and Bush, B. M. H.Intersegmental reflex coordination by a singlejoint receptor organ (CB) in rock lobsterwalking legs 73, 29

— See also BUSH, VEDEL and CLARACCollett, T. S. Peering - a locust behaviour pattern

for obtaining motion parallax information76, 237

Cragg, Patricia A. Oxygen consumption in thelizard genus Lacerta in relation to dielvariation, maximum activity and bodyweight 77, 33

Cuming, W. G., Alexander, R. McN. andJayes, A. S. Rebound resilience of tendonsin the feet of sheep (Ovis aries) 74, 75

Dahlman, D. L. See KAMMER, DAHLMAN andROSENTHAL

Davison, William and Goldspink, Geoffrey.The effect of training on the swimmingmuscles of the goldfish (Carassius auratus)74. us

Downing, N. Measurements of the osmoticconcentrations of stylet sap, haemolymphand honeydew from an aphid under osmoticstress 77, 247

Drewes, G. D., Landa, K. B. andMcFall, J. L.Giant nerve fibre activity in intact, freelymoving earthworms 72,217

DuBois, Arthur B. and Ogilvy, Christopher S.Forces on the tail surface of swimming fish:thrust, drag and acceleration in bluefish(Pomatomus saltatrix) 77, 225

Dumas, John G. See PATTERSON and DUMAN

English, Arthur Wm. An electromyographicanalysis of forelimb muscles during over-ground stepping in the cat 76, 105

Evans, P. D. and O'Shea, M. The identificationof an octopaminergic neurone and themodulation of a myogenic rhythm in thelocust 73, 235

256 Index of AuthorsFay, Richard R., Ahroon, William A. and

Orawski, Arthur A. Auditory maskingpatterns in the goldfish (Carassius auratus):psychophysical tuning curves 74, 83

Fett, Michael J. Quantitative mapping ofcutaneous receptive fields in normal andoperated leeches, Limnobdella 76, 167

Fletcher, C. R. Improved flame photometry 77,243

Fletcher, N. H. and Hill, K. G. Acoustics ofsound production and of hearing in thebladder cicada Cytosoma saundersii (West-wood) 7a, 43

Flood, Patricia M. and Wilkens, Lon A.Directional sensitivity in a crayfish mechano-receptive interneurone: analysis by rootablation 77, 89

Freel, R. W. Patterns of water and solute regula-tion in the muscle fibres of osmoconformingmarine decapod crustaceans 72,'107

— Transmembrane activity gradients of K andCl in the muscle fibres of osmoconformingmarine decapod crustaceans 7a, 127

Friesen, W. O., Poon, M. and Stent, G. S.Neuronal control of swimming in themedicinal leech. IV. identification of a net-work of oscillatory interneurones 75, 25

— See also POON, FRIESEN and STENTFosbrooke, I. H. M. See MOOREHOUSE, FOS-

BROOKE and KENNEDYFrost, B. J. The optokinetic basis of head bobbing

in the pigeon 74, 187

Gee, John H. and Graham, Jeffrey P. Respira-tory and hydrostatic functions of the in-testine of the catfishes Hoplosterruini thora-catum and Brochis splendent (Callichthyidae)74. 1

Gerhardt, Carl H. Mating call recognition in thegreen treefrog (Hyla cinerea): the sigtiificanceof some fine-temporal properties 74, 59

Glass, M., Burggren, W. W., and Johansen, J.Ventilation in an aquatic and a terrestrialchelonian reptile 72, 165

Goh, S. and Phillips, J. E. Dependence of pro-longed water absorption by in vitro locustrectum on ion transport 72, 25

Goldspink, Geoffrey. See DAVISON and GOLD-SPINK

Goodman, Corey S. See HEITLER and GOOD-MAN

Gordon, M. S., Ng, W.-S. and Yip, A. Y.-W.Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial lifein amphibious fishes. III. The Chinesemudskipper Periophthalmus cmttmiensis 7a,57

Graham, D. Unusual step patterns in the freewalking grasshopper, Neoconocephalus ro-bustus. I. General features of the step patterns73. 147

— II. A critical test of the leg interactions under-lying different models of hexapod co-ordination 73, 159

Graham, Jeffrey P. See GEE and GRAHAM

Gupta, B. L., Berridge, M. J. Hall, T. A. andMoreton, R. B. Electron microprobe andion-selective microelectrode studies of fluidsecretion in the salivary glands of Calliphora72, 261

Hall, T. A. See GUPTA, BERRIDGE, HALL andMORETON

Hansen Bay, G. M. Control of salivation in theblowfly Calliphora 75, 189

Harvey, William R. See BLANKEMEYER andHARVEY

Haswell, M. S. and Randall, D. J. The patternof carbon dioxide excretion in the rainbowtrout Salmo gairdneri 73, 17

Haywood, Geoffrey P. See ISAIA, MAETZ andHAYWOOD

Heinrich, B. See BARTHOLOMEW and HEINRICHHeinrich, Bernd and Casey, Timothy M.

Heat transfer in dragonflies: 'fliers' and'perchers' 74, 17

Heitler, W. J. and Goodman, Corey S. Multiplesites of spike initiation in a bifurcating locustneurone 76, 63

Hill, K. G. See FLETCHER and HILLHillman, Stanley S. See JONES and HILLMANHiramoto, Yukio and Baba, Shoji A. A quanti-

tative nnalysis of flagellar movement inechinoderm spermatozoa 76, 85

Horridge, G. A. Sc Tsukahara, Y. Distributionof bumps in the tail of the locust photo-receptor afterpotential 73, 1

Houston, A. H. and McCarty, L. S. Carbonicanhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitive esterase)activity in the blood, gill and kidney ofthermally-acclimated rainbow trout Salmogairdiieri 73, 15

Hoyle, G. Intrinsic rhythm and basic tonus ininsect skeletal muscle 73, 173

— Distribution of nerve and muscle fibre typesin locust jumping muscle 73, 205

Hughes, G. M. On the respiration of Torpedomarmorata 73, 85

Hughes, G. M. and Johnston, I. A. Some re-sponses of the electric ray (Torpedo marmo-rata) to low ambient oxygen tensions 73,107

Hughes, G. M. and Vergara, G. A. Staticpressure—volume curves for the lung of thefrog (Rmia pipiens) 76, 149

Inouye, S. T. See WASHIO and INOUYEIsaia, Jacques, Maetz, Jean and Haywood

Geoffrey P. Effects of epincphrine onbranchial non-electrolyte permeability inrainbow trout 74, 227

Jayes, A. S. See CUMING, ALEXANDER and JAYESJohansen, J. See GLASS, BURCCREN and JOHANSENJohnston, I. A. See HUGHES and JOHNSTONJones, Ronald M. and Hillman, Stanley S.

Salinity adaptation in the salamander Batra-choseps 76, 1

Josephson, R. K. See ORIDA and JOSEPHSON

Index of AuthorsJunge, D. and Ortiz, C. L. Measurement of

electrogenic-pump current in Aplysia neu-rones with constant-current and constant-voltage techniques 73, 141

— See also ORTIZ and JUNCE

Hammer, A. E., Dahlman, D. L. and Rosen-thai, G. A. Effects of the non-protein aminoacids L-canavanine and L-canaline on thenervous system of the moth Manduca sexta(L.) 75, 123

Kater, S. B. Murphy, A. D. and Rued, J. R.Control of the salivary glands of Helisomaby identified neurones 7a, 91

Kater, S. B., Rued, J. R. and Murphy, A. D.Propagation of action potentials throughelectrotonic junctions in the salivary glandsof the pulmonate mollusc, Helisoma trwolvis73. 77

Kennedy, J. S. See MOOREHOUSE, FOSBROOKEand KENNEDY

King, James R. See WALSBERC and KINGKristan, William B. See WEEKS and KRISTAN

T-anrla, K. B. See DREWES, LANDA and MCFALLLarochelle, J. See TORRE-BUBNO and LARO-

CHELLELighthill, M.J. A note on 'Clap' and 'Fling'

aerodynamics (with a reply by L. Bennett)73. 279

Lillywhite, H. B. and Seymour, R. S. Regula-tion of arterial blood pressure in Australiantiger snakes 75, 65

Logan, A. G. See MORIARTY, LOGAN and RANKIN

McCarty, L. S. See HOUSTON and MCCARTYMcFall, J. L. See DREWES, LANDA and MCFAIXMcMahon, B. R. See BUTLER, TAYLOR and

MCMAHONMaddrell, S. H. P. Physiological discontinuity

in an epithelium with an apparently uniformstructure 75, 133

Maddrell, S. H. P. and Phillips, J. E. Inductionof sulphate transport and hormonal controlof fluid secretion by Malpighian tubules oflarvae of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus72, 181

Maetz, Jean. See ISAIA, MABTZ and HAYWOODMagni, Franco and Pallegrino, Mario. Patterns

of activity and effects of activation of the fastconducting system on the behaviour of un-restrained leeches 76, 123

Meredith, J. See WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE andMEREDITH

Mistick, D. C. Neurones in the leech that facili-tate an avoidanpe behaviour following near-field water disturbances 75, 1

Moorehouse, J. E., Fosbrooke, I. H. M. andKennedy, J. S. 'Paradoxical driving' ofwalking activity in locusts 73, 1

Moreton, R. B. See GUPTA, BERRIDGE, HALL andMORETON; SKAER, TREHBRNE, BENSON andMORETON

Moreton, Roger B, See WOOD and MORETON

257Moriarty, R. J., Logan, A. G. and Rankin, J. C.

Measurement of single nephron filtrationrate in the kidney of the river lamprey,Lampetra flimiatilis L. 77, 57

Mrose, H. See ANDEHSON and MROSEMurphy, A. D. See KATER, RUED and MURPHY;

KATER, MURPHY and RUEDMurphy, Judith A. See PAPARO and MURPHY

Ng, W.-s. See GORDON, NG and YIPNorfolk, J. R. W. Internal volume and pressure

regulation in Carcinui maenas 74, 123

O'Dor, R. K. and Wells, M. J. Reproductionversus somatic growth: hormonal control inOctopus vulgarit 77, 15

Ogilvy, Christopher S. See DUBOIS and OGILVYOrawski, Arthur A. See FAY, AHROON and

ORAWSKIOrida, N. and Josephson, R. K. Peripheral con-

trol of responsiveness to auditory stimuli ingiant fibres of crickets and cockroaches 7a, 153

Ortiz, C. L. and Junge, D. Depressant action oflithium at the crayfish neuro- muscularjunction: pre- and postsynaptic effects75. 171

— See also JUNGE and ORTIZO'Shea, M. See EVANS and O'SHEA

Paparo, Anthony A. and Murphy, Judith A.Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processesinitiated by light on two identifiable neuronalpigments in Mytilus edulis 76, 47

Patterson, Jean L. and Duman, John G. Therole of the thermal hysteresis factor inTenebrio molitor larvae 74, 37

Pellegrino, Mario. See MAGNI and PELLECRINOPfliiger, H.-J. and Burrows, M. Locusts use the

same basic motor pattern in swimming as injumping and kicking 75, 81

— How the locust dries itself 75, 95Phillips, J. See WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE and

MEREDITHPhillips, J. E. See GOH and PHILLIPS; MADDRELL

and PHILLIPSPichon, Y. See CARLSON, PICHON and TREHERNE;

TREHERNE and PICHONPoon, M., Friesen, W. O. and Stent, G. S.

Neuronal control of swimming in the medi-cinal leech. V. Connexions between theoscillatory interneurones and the motorneurones 75, 45

— See also FRIESEN, POON and STENTPrince, W. See WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE and

MEREDITHPurslow, P. P. and Vincent, J. F. V. Mechanical

properties of primary feathers from thepigeon 7a, 251

Randall, D. J. See HASWELL and RANDALLRankin, J. C. See MORIARTY, LOGAN and RANKINRiegel, J. A. Factors affecting glomerular func-

tions in the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stouti(Lockington) 73, 261

2S8 Index of AuthorsRobotham, P. W. J. The dimensions of the gills

of two species of loach, Noemacheilui barba-tulus and Cobitis taenia 76, 181

Rosenthal, G. A. See KAMMER, DAHLMAN andROSENTHAL

Rued, J. R. See KATER, RUED and MURPHY;KATER, MURPHY and RUED

Schlue, W. R. See BERRIDGE and SCHLUESchofield, P. K. and Treheme, J. E. Kinetics of

sodium and lithium movements across theblood-brain barrier of an insect 74, 239

Schofleld, P. K. See TREHERNE and SCHOFIELDSerrier, J. See TOBRRING and SERRIERSeymour, R. S. See LILLYWHITE and SEYMOURSimmons, Peter and Young, David. The

tymbal mechanism and song patterns of thebladder cicada, Cystosoma soundersii 76, 27

Skaer, H. le B., Treheme, J. E., Benson, J. A.and Moreton, R. B. Axonal adaptations toosmotic and ionic stress in an invertebrate os-Tnoconiormer (Mercierella emgmatica Fauvel).I. Ultrastructural and electrophysiologicalobservations on axonal accessibility 76,191

Stefano, George B. See CATAPANE, STEFANO andAIELLO

Stent, G. S. See FRIESEN, POON and STENT;POON, FRIESEN and STENT

Stephens, P. J. The sensitivity and control ofthe scallop mantle edge 75, 203

Tameyasu, T. The effect of hypertonic solutionson the rate of relaxation of contracturetension in Mytilus smooth muscle 74, 197

Tateda, Hideki. See YAMASHITA and TATEDATaylor, E. W. See BUTLER, TAYLOR and Mc-

MAHONToerrring, M. J. and Serrier, J. Influence of

water temperature on the electric organdischarge (EOD) of the weakly electric fishMarcusenius cyprinoides (Mormyridae) 74,i33

Torre-Bueno, J. R. Evaporative cooling andwater balance during night in birds 75, 231

Torre-Bueno, J. R. and Larochelle, J. Themetabolic cost of flight in unrestrained birds75. 223

Treherne, J. E. and Pichon, Y. Long-termadaptations of Sabella giant axons to hyp-osmotic stress 75, 253

— See also BENSON and TREHERNE; CARLSON,PICHON and TREHERNE; SCHOFIELD andTREHERNE; SKAER, TREHBRNE, BENSON andMORETON

Treherne, J. E. and Schofleld, P. K. A modelfor extracellular sodium regulation in thecentra] nervous system of an insect Peri-planeta americana 77, 251

Truman, James W. Hormonal release of stereo-typed motor programmes from the isolatednervous system of the cecropia silkmoth 74,151

Tsukahara, Y. See HORRIDCE and TSUKAHARA

Vedel, J. P. See CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH ; BUSH,VEDEL and CLARAC

Vergara, G. A. See HUGHES and VERGARAVincent, J. F. V. See PURSLOW and VINCENTVogel, Steven. Evidence for one-way valves in

the water-flow system of sponges 76, 137

Walsberg, Glenn E. and King, James R. Therelationship of the external surface area ofbirds to skin surface area and body mass 76,•85

Wardle, C. S. Non-release of lactic acid fromanaerobic swimming muscle of plaice Pleuro-nectet platesta L.: a stress reaction 77, 141

Washio, H. M. and Inouye, S. T. The effect ofcalcium and magnesium on the spontaneousrelease of transmitter at insect motor nerveterminals 75, 101

Webb, P. W. Fast-start performance and bodyform in seven species of teleost fish 74, 211

Weeks, Janis, C. and Kristan, William B. Initi-ation, maintenance and modulation of swim-ming in medicinal leech by the activity ofa single neurone 77, 71

Weihs, D. See ARNOLD and WEIHSWells, M. J. See O'DOR and WELLSWilkens, Lon A. See FLOOD and WILKBNSWillmer, P. G. Volume regulation and solute

balance in the nervous tissue of an osmo-conforming bivalve (Mytilus edulis) 77, 157

— Electrophysiological correlates of ionic andosmotic stress in an osmoconforming bivalve(Mytilus edulis) 77, 181

— Sodium fluxes and exchange pumps: furthercorrelates of osmotic conformity in the nervesof an estuarine bivalve (Mytilus edulis) 77,207

Williams, D., Phillips, J., Prince, W. andMeredith, J. The source of short-circuitcurrent across locust rectum 77, 107

Wood, John L. and Moreton, Roger B. Refine-ments in the short-circuit technique and itsapplication to active potassium transportacross the cecropia midgut 77, 123

Yamashita, Shigeki and Tateda, Hideki.Spectral sensitivities of the anterior medianeyes of the orb web spiders, Argiope bruetmi-chii and A. amoena 74, 47

Yip, A. Y.-w. See GORDON, NG and YIPYoung, David. See SIMMONS and YOUNCYorio, T. and Bentley, P.J. The permeability

of the skin of the aquatic anuran Xenopuslaevis (Pipidae) 7a, 285

259

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Acceleration:Forces on the tail surface of swimming fish:thrust, drag and, in bluefish (Pomatomussaltatrix) (DUBOIS and OCILVY) 77, 223

Acetazolamide-sensitive esterase:Carbonic anhydrase, activity in the blood,gill and kidney of thermally-acclimated rain-bow trout Salmo gairdneri (HOUSTON andMCCARTY) 73, IS

Acoustics:Of sound production and of hearing in thebladder cicada Cystosoma laundersii (West-wood) (FLETCHER and HILL) 7a, 43

Action potentials:Propagation of, through electrotonic junctionsin the salivary glands of the pulmonatemollusc, Helisoma trivolvit (KATER, RUED andMURPHY) 72, 77

Aedea taeniorhynchus:Induction of sulphate transport and hormonalcontrol of fluid secretion by Malpighiantubules of larvae of the mosquito (MADDRELLand PHILLIPS) 7a, 181

After-potential:Distribution of bumps in the tail of the locustphotoreceptor (HORRIDCE and TSUKUHARA)

73. 1Amino acids:

Effects of the non-protein, L-canavanine andL-canaline on the nervous system of the mothManduca sexta (L.) (KAMMER, DAHLMAN andROSENTHAL) 75, 123

Amphibious fishes:Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial lifein. III. The Chinese mudskipper Perioph-thalmus cantonentit (GORDON, NC and YIP)73, 57

Aphid:Measurements of the osmotic concentrationsof stylet sap, haemolymph and honeydew froman, under osmotic stress (DOWNING) 77, 247

Aplysia:Measurement of electrogenic-pump currentin, neurones with constant-current and con-stant-voltage techniques (JUNCE and ORTIZ)72, Hi

Argiope bruennichii and A. amoena:Spectral sensitivities of the anterior medianeyes of the orb web spiders (YAMASHITA andTATEDA) 74, 47

Auditory masking:Patterns in the goldfish (Carasrius auraUa):psychophysicnl tuning curve (FAY, AHROONand ORAWSKI) 74, 83

Auditory stimuli:Peripheral control of responsiveness to, ingiant fibres of crickets and cockroaches(ORIDA and JOSEPHSON) 72,153

Avoidance behaviour:Neurones in the leech that facilitate, followingnearfield water disturbances (MISTICK) 75, 1

Axon(s):Effects of osmotic stress on the electricalactivities of the giant, of a marine osmocon-former Sabella peniciUui (CARLSON, PICHONand TREHERNE) 75, 237

— Long-term adaptations of Sabella giant, to hypo-smotic stress (TREHERNE and PICHON) 75,253

BatrachosepsSalinity adpatation in the salamander (JONESand HILLMAN) 76, 1

Birds:The metallic cost of flight in unrestrained(TORRE-BUENO and LAROCHELLE) 75, 223

— Evaporative cooling and water balance duringflight in (TORRE-BUBNO) 75, 231

— The relationship of the external surface areaof, to skin surface area and body mass(WALSBERC and KINCJ) 76, 185

Bladder cicada:See Cytotoma saundersii

Blood:Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity in the, gill and kidney ofthermally-acclimated rainbow trout Salmogairdneri (HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73, 15

— The distribution of, flow in the gills of fish:application of a new technique to rainbowtrout {Salmo gairdneri) (BOOTH) 73,119

— Regulation of arterial, pressure in Australiantiger snakes (LILLYWHITH and SEYMOUR)75.6s

Blood-brain barrier:Kinetics of sodium and lithium movementsacross the, of an insect (SCOFIELD andTREHERNE) 74, 239

Blowfly:See caUiphora

Blueflsh:See Pomatomtts saltatrix

Body form:Fast-start performance and, in seven speciesof teleost fish (WEBB) 74, 211

Body mass:The relationship of the external surface areaof birds to skin surface and (WALSBERG andKINC) 76, 185

Body weight:Oxygen consumption in the lizard genusLacerta in relation to diel variation, maximumactivity and body weight (CRAGG) 77, 33

Brochis spendens (Callichthyidae):Respiratory and hydrostatic functions of theintestine of the catfishes Hoplostermtmthoracatum and (GEE and GRAHAM) 74, 1

260 Index of SubjectsBumps:

Distribution of, in the tail of the locustphotoreceptor ufterpotential (HORRIDGE andTSUKAHARA) 73, i

Calcium:The effect of, and magnesium on the spon-taneous release of transmitter at insect motornerve terminals (WASHIO nnd INOUYE) 75,101

Calliphora:Electron microprobe and ion-selective micro-electrode studies of fluid secretion in thesalivary glands of (GUPTA, BERRIDCB, HALL &MORETON) 7a, 261

— Control of salivation in the blowfly (HANSENRAY) 75, 189

L-canaline:Effects of the non-protein amino acids L-canavanine and, on the nervous system ofthe moth Manduca sexta (L.) (KAMMER,DAHLMAN and ROSENTHAL) 75, 123

L-cana vanine:Effects of the non-protein amino acids, andL-cnnaline on the nervous system of the mothManduca sexta (L.) (KAMMER, DAHLMAN andROSENTHAL) 75, 123

Carassius auratus:Auditory masking patterns in the goldfish:psychophysicn! tuning curve (FAY, AHROONand ORAWSKI) 74, 83

— The effect of training on the swimming musclesof the goldfish (DAVISON and GOLDSPINK)

74, 115Carbon dioxide:

The pattern of, excretion in the rainbow troutSalrno gairdneri (HASWELL and RANDALL)7a, >7

Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity:

In the blood, gill and kidney of thermally-acclimnted rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)(HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73, 15

Carcinus maenas:Internal volume and pressure regulation in(NORFOLK) 74, 123

Cat:An electromyographic analysis of forelimbmuscles during overground stepping in the(ENGLISH) 76, 105

Catfishes:See Hoplosternum thoracatum and Brochissplendens

Cecropia:Refinements in the short-circuit techniqueand its application of active potassium trans-port across the, midgut (WOOD and MORE-TON) 77, 123

Central nervous system:A model for extracellular sodium regulationin the, of an insect Periplancta americana(TREHERNE and SCHOFIELD) 77,251

Chemical excitation:Of the proventriculus of the polychaete

worm Syllis spongipliila (ANDERSON andMROSE) 75, 113

Chickens:Respiratory mechanics of sound productionin, and geese (BRACKENBURY) 73, 229

Chinese mudskipper:See Periophthalamus cantonensis

Chelonian reptile:Ventilation in an aquatic and a terrestrial(GLASS, BURGCREN and JOHANSEN) 73, 165

Cicada:The tymbal mechanism and song patterns ofthe bladder, Cystosoma saundersii (SIMMONSand YOUNG) 76, 27

Cilioexcitatory processes:And cilioinhibitory processes initiated bylight on two identifiable neuronal pigmentsin Mytilus edulis (PAPARO and MUHPHY) 76,47

Cilioinhibitory processes:Cilioexcitatory and, initiated by light on twoidentifiable neuronal pigments in Mytilusedtilis (PAPARO and MURPHY) 76, 47

Circulatory changes:Respiratory and, in the lobster (Homarisvulgaris) during long term exposure tohypoxia (BUTLER, TAYLOR und MCMAHON)

73. >3iCl:

Transmembrane activity gradients of K and,in the muscle fibres of osmoconformingmarine decapod crustaceans (FREEL) 73,127

'Clap and Fling' aerodynamics:A note on, (with a reply by L. Bennett)(LIGHTHILL) 73, 279

Cebitus taania:The dimensions of the gills of two species ofloach, Noemncheilus barbatuhis and (ROBOT-HAM) 76, 181

Cockroaches:Peripheral control of responsiveness to audi-tory stimuli in giant fibres of crickets and(ORIDA and JOSEPHSON) 73,153

Constant-current and constant-voltage tech-niques:Measurement of electrogenic-pump currentin Aplysia neurones with (JUNGE and ORTIZ)73 , 141

Contracture tension:The effect of hypertonic solutions on the rateof relaxation of, in Mytilus smooth muscle(TAMEYASU) 74, 197

Crayfish:Depressant action of lithium at the, neuro-muscular junction: pre- and postsynapticeffects (OHTIZ and JUNGE) 75, 171

— Directional sensitivity in a, mechanoreceptiveinterneurone: analysis by root ablation(FLOOD and WILKENS) 77, 89

Crickets:Peripheral control of responsiveness to audi-tory stimuli in giant fibres of, and cockroaches(ORIDA and JOSEPHSON) 73, 153

Index of Subjects 261

Current:The source of short-circuit, across locustrectum (WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE nndMEREDITH) 77, 107

Cutaneous receptive fields'Quantitative mapping of, in normal andoperated leeches, Limnobdella (FETT) 76,167

Cystosoma saundersii:Acoustics of sound production and of hearingin the bladder cicada (FLETCHER and HILL)72, 43

— The tymbal mechanism and song patternsof the bladder cicada (SIMMONS and YOUNG)76, 27

Decapod crustacean limbs:Intersegmental reflex actions from a jointsensory organ (CB) to a muscle receptor(MCO) in (BUSH, VEDEL and CLARAC) 73,

47Diel:

Oxygen consumption in the lizard genusLacerta in relation to, variation, maximumactivity and body weight (CRACC) 77, 33

Drag:Forces on the tail surface of swimming fish:thrust, and acceleration in bluefish (Poma-tomus taltatrix) (DUBOIS and OCILVY) 77,225

Dragonflies:Heat transfer in: ' fliers and perchers' (HEIN-RICH nnd CASEY) 74, 17

Dung beetles:Endothermy in African, during flight, ballmaking and ball rolling (BARTHOLOMEW andHEINRICH) 73, 65

Earthworms:Giant nerve fibre activity in intact, freelymoving (DREWBS, LANDA and MCFALL) 7a,217

Electric fish:Influence of water temperature on the electricorgan discharge (EOD) of the weakly, Mar-cuteniui cyprmoides (Mormyridae) (TOERRINCand SERRIER) 74, 133

Electric organ discharge (EOD):Influence of water temperature on the, of theweakly electric fish Marcusenius cyprinoides(Mormyridae) (TOERRINC and SERRIER) 74,

133Electric ray:

See Torpedo marmorataElectrical activities:

Effects of osmotic stress on the, of the giantaxon of a marine osmoconformer Sabellapenicillin (CARLSON, PICHON and TREHERNE)

75. 237Electrode studies:

Ion-selective, on the effect of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine on the intracellular level ofpotassium in an insect salivary gland (BER-RIDGE and SCHLUE) 7a, 203

Electrogcnic-pump current:Measurement of, in Aplyria neurones withconstant-current and constant-voltage tech-niques (JUNOE and ORTIZ) 7a, 141

Electrophysiological correlates:Of ionic and osmotic stress in an osmocon-forming bivalve (Mytilus edulis) (WILLMER)77, 181

Electrotonic junctions:Propagation of action potentials through, inthe salivary glands of the pulmonate mollusc,Helisoma trivohis (KATER, RUED and MURPHY)

7*. 77Endothermy:

In African dung beetles during flight, ballmaking and ball rolling (BARTHOLOMEW andHEINRICH) 73, 65

Epinephrine:Effects of, on branchial non-electrolyte per-meability in rainbow trout (ISAIA, MAETZ andHAYWOOD) 74, 227

Epithelium:Phamacological study of the reciprocal dualinnervation of the lateral ciliated gill, by theCNS of Mytilus edulis (CATAPANE, STEFANOand AIELLO) 74, 101

— Physiological discontinuity in an, with anapparently uniform structure (MADDRELL)75. 133

— Identification of active cell in potassium tran-sporting (BLANKEMEYER and HARVEY) 77, 1

Eptatretus stouti (Lockington):Factors affecting glomerular functions in thePacific hagfish (RIECEL) 73,261

Evaporative cooling:And water balance during flight in birds(TORRE-BUENO) 75,231

Exchange pumps:Sodium fluxes and: further correlates ofosmotic conformity in the nerves of anestuarine bivalve (Mytilus edulis) (WILLMER)77.2O7

Eyes:Spectral sensitivities of the anterior median,of the orb web spiders, Argiope brueimichiiand A. amoena (YAMASHITA and TATEDA)74.47

Fast conducting system:Patterns of activity and effects of activationof the, on the behaviour of unrestrainedleeches (MACNI and PELLEGRINO) 76, 123

Fast-start performance:And body form in seven species of teleost fish(WEBB) 74, 211

Feathers:Mechanical properties of primary, from thepigeon (PURSLOW and VINCENT) 7a, 251

Feet:Rebound resilience of tendons in the, ofsheep (Ovis aries) (CUMING, ALEXANDER andJAYES) 74, 75

Fish:The distribution of blood flow in the gills of:

262 Index of SubjectsFish (cont.)

application of a new technique to rainbowtrout (Salmo gairdneri) 73, 119

— Fa9t-start performance and body form in sevenspecies of teleost (WEBB) 74, 211

— Forces on the tail surface of swimming:thrust, drag and acceleration in bluefish(Pomatomus saltatrix) (DUBOIS and OGILVY)77. 225

Flagellar movement:A quantitative analysis of, in echinodermspermatozoa (HIRAMOTO and BABA) 76, 85

Flame photometry:Improved (FLETCHER) 77, 243

'Fliers' and 'perchere':Heat transfer in dragonflies (HEINRICH andCASEY) 74, 17

Flight:Endothermy in African dung beetles during,ball making and ball rolling (BARTHOLOMEWand HEINRICH) 73, 65

— The metabolic cost of, in unrestrained birds(TORRE-BUENO and LAROCHELLE) 75, 223

— Evaporative cooling and water balance during,in birds (TORRE-BUENO) 75, 231

— Oxygen consumption of moths during rest,pre-flight warm-up, and, in relation to bodysize and wing morphology (BARTHOLOMEWand CASEY) 76, 11

Fluid secretion:Induction of sulphate transport and hor-monal control of, by Malpighian tubules oflarvae of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus(MADDRELL and PHILLIPS) 7a, 181

— Electron microprobe and ion-selective micro-electrode studies of, in the salivary glandsof Calliphora (GUPTA, BERRIDCE, HALL andMORETON) 72, 261

Frog:See Rana pipiens

Geese:Respiratory mechanics of sound productionin chickens and (BRACKENBURY) 7a, 229

Giant fibres:Peripheral control of responsiveness to audi-tory stimuli in, of crickets and cockroaches(ORIDA and JOSEPHSON) 7a, 153

Giant nerve fibre activity:In intact, freely moving earthworms (DREWES,LANDA and MCFALL) 7a, 217

GiU(s):Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity in the blood, and kidney ofthermally-acclimated rainbow trout Salmogairdneri (HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73,

15— The distribution of blood flow in the, of fish:

application of a new technique to rainbowtrout (Salmo gairdneri) (BOOTH) 73,119

— Pharmacological study of the reciprocal dualinnervation of the lateral ciliated, epitheliumby the CNS of Mytiius edulis (CATAPANE,STEFANO and AIELLO) 74, 101

— The dimensions of the, of two species of loach,Noemacheilus barbatuhis and Cobitus taenia(ROBOTHAM) 76, 181

Glomerula functions:Factors affecting, in the Pacific hagfishEptatretus stouti (Lockington( (RIEGEL) 73,261

Goldfish:See Carassius auratus

Grasshopper:Unusual step patterns in the free walking,Neoconocephaliit robtutus. I. General featuresof the step patterns (GRAHAM) 73, 147

— Unusual step patterns in the free walkingNeoconocephalus robustus. II . A critical testof the leg interactions underlying differentmodels of hexapod coordination (GRAHAM)73. 159

Green treefrog:See Hyla cinerea

Haemolymph:Measurements of the osmotic concentrationsof stylet sap, and honeydew from an aphidunder osmotic stress (DOWNINC) 77, 247

Hagfish:Factors affecting glomerular functions inthe Pacific, Eptatretus stouti (Lockington)(RIEGEL) 73, 261

Head-bobbing:The optokinetic basis of, in the pigeon(FROST) 74, 187

Hearing:Acoustics of sound production and of, in thebladder cicada Cyttotoma caundersii (West-wood) (FLETCHER and HILL) 7a, 43

Heat transfer:In dragonflies: 'fliers' and 'perchers'(HEINRICH and CASEY) 74, 17

Helisoma:Control of the salivary glands of, by identifiedneurones (KATER, MURPHY and RUED) 73,91

Helisoma trivolvis:Propagation of action potentials throughelectrotonic junctions in the salivary glandsof the pulmonate mollusc (KATER, RUED andMURPHY) 7a, 77

Homarus vulgarls:Respiratory and circulatory changes in thelobster, during long term exposure to hypoxia(BUTLER, TAYLOR and MCMAHON) 73, 131

— See also LobsterHoneydew:

Measurements of the osmotic concentrationsof stylet sap, haemolymph and, from anaphid under osmotic stress (DOWNINC) 77,247

Hormonal release:Of stereotyped motor programmes from theisolated nervous system of the cecropia silk-moth (TRUMAN) 74, 151

Hoplosternum thoracatum:Respiratory and hydrostatic functions of the

Index of Subjects 263Hoplosternum (cont.)

intestine of the cotfishes, and Brochissplendtms (Cullichthyidae) (GEE and GRAHAM)74. 1

Hormonal control:Induction of sulphate transport and, of fluidsecretion by Malpighian tubules of larvae ofthe mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus (MAD-DRELL and PHILLIPS) 72, 181

5-Hydroxytryptamine:Ion-selective electrode studies on the effectof, on the intracellulur level of potassium inan insect salivary gland (BERRIDCE andSCHLUE) 7a, 203

Hyla cinera:Mating call recognition in the green treefrog:the significance of some fine-temporal pro-perties (GERHARDT) 74, 59

Hypcrtonic solutions:The effect of, on the rate of relaxation ofcontracture tension in Mytilus smooth muscle(TAMEYASU) 74, 197

Hyposmotic stress:Long-term adaptations of Sabella giant axonsto (TREHERNE and PICHON) 75, 253

Hypoxia:Respiratory and circulatory changes in thelobster (Homaris vulgaris) during long termexposure to (BUTLER, TAYLOR and MCMAHON)73. '3i

Insect:Kinetics of sodium and lithium movementsacross the blood-brain barrier of an (SCHO-FIELD and TREHERNE) 74, 239

— A model for extracellular sodium regulation inthe central nervous system of an, Periplanetaamericana (TREHERNE and SCHOFIELD) 77,

251Interneurone:

Directional sensitivity in a crayfish mechano-receptive: analysis by root ablation (FLOODand WILKENS) 77, 89

Intestine:Respiratory and hydrostatic functions of the,of the catfishes Hoplosternum thoracalum andBrochis splendent (Callichthyidae) (GEE andGRAHAM) 74, 1

Ion-selective electrode studies:On the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on theintracellular level of potassium in an insectsalivary gland (BERRIDCE and SCHLUE) 7a,203

Ion-selective microelectrode studies:Electron microprobe and, of fluid secretionin the salivary glands of Calliphora (GUPTA,BERRIDGE, HALL and MORETON) 7a, 261

Ion transport:Dependence of prolonged water absorptionby in vitro locust rectum on (GOH andPHILLIPS) 73, 25

Ionic stress:Axonal adaptations to osmotic and, in aninvertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierella

enigmatica Fauvel). I (SKAER, TREHERNE,BENSON and MORETON). II, III (BENSON and

TREHERNE 76, 191, 205, 221Ionic stress:

Electrophysiological correlates of, and os-motic stress in an osmoconforming bivalve(Mytilus edulis) (WILLMER) 77, 181

Joint:Intersegmental reflex coordination by asingle, receptor organ (CB) in rock lobsterwalking legs (CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH) 73,29

— Intersegmental reflex actions from a, sensoryorgan (CB) to a muscle receptor (MCO) indecapod crustacean limbs (BUSH, VEDEL andCLARAC) 73, 47

Jumping:Locusts use the same basic motor patterns inswimming as in, and kicking (PFLOGER andBURROWS) 75, 81

K:Transmembrane activity gradients of, andCl in the muscle fibres of osmoconformingmarine decapod crustaceans (FREEL) 7a, 127

Kicking:Locusts use the same basic motor pattern inswimming as in jumping and (PFLOGER andBURROWS) 75, 81

Kidney:Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity in the blood, gill and, ofthermally-activated rainbow trout Salmogairdneri (HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73, 15

— Measurement of single nephron filtration ratein the, of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatisL. (MORIARTY, LOGAN and RANKIN) 77, 57

Lacerta:Oxygen consumption in the lizard genus, inrelation to diel variation, maximum activityand body weight (CRACC) 77, 33

Lactic acid:Non-release of, from anaerobic swimmingmuscle of plaice Pleuronectes platessa L . : astress reaction (WARDLE) 77, 141

Lampetra ftuviatilis L.:Measurement of single nephron filtrationrate in the kidney of the river lamprey(MORIARTY, LOGAN and RANKIN) 77, 57

Lamprey:See Lampetra fluviatilis L.

Leech(es):Neurones in the, that facilitate an avoidancebehaviour following nearfield water dis-turbances (MISTICK) 75, 1

— Neuronal control of swimming in the medi-cinal. IV (FRIESEN, POON and STENT). V(POON, FRIESEN and STENT) 75, 25, 45

— Patterns of activity and effects of activation ofthe fast conducting system on the behaviourof unrestrained (MACNI and PELLECRINO)76, 123

264 Index of SubjectsLeech(es):— Quantitative mapping of cutaneous receptive

fields in normal and operated, Limnobdella(FETT) 76, 167

— Initiation, maintenance and modulation ofswimming in medicinal, by the activity of asingle neurone (WEEKS and KRISTAN) 77,71

Legs:Intersegmental reflex coordination by a singlejoint receptor organ (CB) in rock lobsterwalking (CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH) 73, 29

Light:Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processesinitiated by, on two identifiable neuronalpigments in Mytilut edulis (PAPARO andMURPHY) 76, 47

Limbs:Intersegmental reflex actions from a jointsensory organ (CB) to a muscle receptor(MCO) in decapod crustacean limbs (BUSH,VEDEL and CLARAC) 73, 47

Limnobdella:Quantitative mapping of cutaneous receptivefields in normal and operated leeches (FETT)76, 167

Lithium:Kinetics of sodium and, movements acrossthe blood-brain barrier of an insect (SCHO-FIELD and TREHKRNE) 74, 239

— Depressant action of, at the crayfish neuro-muscular junction: pre- and poitsynapticeffects (ORTIZ and JUNCE) 75, 171

Loach:See Noemacheilus barbatulus and Cobitis taenia

Lobster:Intersegmental reflex coordination by a singlejoint receptor organ(CB) in rock, walkinglegs (CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH) 73, 29

— Respiratory and circulatory changes in the,{Homarus vulgaris) during long term ex-posure to hypoxia (BUTLER, TAYLOR andMCMAHON) 73, 131

Locust(s):'Paradoxical driving' of walking activity in(MOORHOUSE, FOSBROOKE and KENNEDY)

7*, 1— Dependence of prolonged water absorption by

m vitro, rectum on ion transport (GOH andPHILLIPS) 7a, 25

— Distribution of bumps in the tail of the, photo-receptor afterpotential (HORRIDCE and Tsu-KAHARA) 73, 1

—Distribution of nerve and muscle fibre types in,jumping muscle (HOYLE) 73, 205

— The identification of an octopaminergic neu-rone and the modulation of a myogenicrhythm in the (EVANS and O'SHEA) 73, 235

— Sources of variation on the output of, spira-cular motomeurones receiving commonsynaptic driving (BURROWS) 74, 175

— Use the same basic motor pattern in swimmingas in jumping and kicking (PFLCGER andBURROWS) 75, 81

— How the, dries itself (PFLOGER and BURROWS)75. 95

— Multiple sites of spike initiation in a bi-furcating, neurone (HEITLER and GOODMAN)76,63

— Peering-a, behaviour pattern for obtainingmotion parallax information (COLLETT) 76,237

— The source of short-circuit current across the,rectum (WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE andMEREDITH) 77, 107

Lung:Static pressure—volume curves for the, of thefrog (Rana pipiens) (HUGHES and VERGARA)76, 149

Magnesium:The effect of calcium and, on the spon-taneous release of transmitter at insect motornerve terminals (WASHIO and INOUYE) 75, I O I

Malpighian tubules:Induction of sulphate transport and hor-monal control of fluid secretion by, of larvaeof the mosquito Atdes taeniorhynchus (MAD-DRELL and PHILLIPS) 7a, 181

Marcusenius cyprinoides (Mormyridae):Influence of water temperature on the electricorgan discharge (EOD) of the weakly electricfish (TOERRING and SERRIER) 74, 133

Marine decapod crustaceans:Patterns of water and solute regulation in themuscle fibres of oamoconforming (FREEL)72, 107

— Tronsmembrane activity gradients of K andCl in the muscle fibres of osmoconforming(FREEL) 7a, 127

Mating call recognition:In the green treefrog (Hyla cmerea): thesignificance of some fine-temporal properties(GBRHARDT) 74, 59

Manduca texta (L.):Effects of the non-protein amino acids L-canavanine and L-canaline on the nervoussystem af the moth (KAMMER, DAHLMANand ROSENTHAL) 75, 123

Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel:Axonal adaptations to osmotic and ionicstress in an invertebrate osmoconformer.I (SKAER, TREHERNE, BENSON and MORE-TON). II, III (BENSON and TREHERNE) 76,191, 205, 221

Metabolic cost:The, of flight in unrestrained birds (TORRE-BUENO and LAROCHELLE) 75, 223

Microprobe:Electron, and ion-selective microelectrodestudies of fluid secretion in the salivary glandsof Calliphora (GUPTA, BERRIDCE, HALL andMORETON) 72, 261

Moths:Oxygen consumption of, during rest, pre-flight warm-up, and flight in relation to bodysize and wing morphology (BARTHOLOMEWand CASEY) 76, 11

Index of Subjects 265Moths:— See also Menduca sexta (L.)Motoneurones:

Sources of variation in the output of locustspiracular, receiving common synaptic driving(BURROWS) 74, 175

Motor nerve:The effect of calcium and magnesium on thespontaneous release of transmitter at insect,terminals (VVASHIO and INOUYE) 75, 101

Motor pattern:Locusts use the same basic, in swimming asin jumping and kicking (PFLCCER andBURROWS) 75, 81

Motor programmes:Hormonal release of stereotyped, from theisolated nervous system of the cecropia silk-moth (TRUMAN) 74,151

Muscle(s):Patterns of water and solute regulation in the,fibres of osmoconforming marine decapodcrustaceans (FREEL) 7a, 107

— Transmembrane activity gradients of K andCl in the, fibres of osmoconforming marinedecapod crustaceans (FREEL) 7a, 127

— Inter8egmental reflex actions from a jointsensory organ (CB) to a, receptor (MCO) indecapod crustacean limbs (BUSH VEDEL andCLARAC) 73, 47

— Intrinsic rhythm and basic tonus in insectskeletal (HOVLE) 73, 173

— Distribution of nerve and, fibre types in locustjumping (HOVLE) 73, 205

— The effect of training on the swimming, of thegoldfish (Carnssius nurntits) (DAVISON andGOLDSPINK) 74, 115

— Non-release of lactic acid from anaerobicswimming, of plaice Pletironectes platessa L.:a stress reaction (WARDLE) 77, 141

— An electromyographic analysis of forelimb,during overground stepping in the cat(ENGLISH) 76, 105

Myogenic rhythm:The identification of an octopaminergicneurone and the modulation of n, in thelocust (EVANS and O'SHEA) 73, 235

Mytilus:The effect of hypertonic solutions on therate of relaxation of contracture tension in,smooth muscle (TAMEVASU) 74, 197

Mytilus edulia:Pharmacological study of the reciprocal dualinnervation of the lateral ciliated gill epi-thelium by the CNS of, (Bivalvia) (CATAPANE,STEFANO and AIBLLO) 74, 101

— Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processesinitiated by light on two identifiable neuronalpigments in (PAPARO and MURPHY) 76, 47

Volume regulation and solute balance in thenervous tissue of an osmoconforming bivalve(WILLMER) 77, 157

— Electrophysiological correlates of ionic andosmotic stress in an osmoconforming bivalve(WILLMER) 77, 181

— Sodium fluxes and exchange pumps: furthercorrelates of osmotic conformity in thenerves of an estuarine bivalve (WILLMER)77. 2°7

Nearfleld water disturbances:Neurones in the leech that facilitate an avoid-ance behaviour following (MISTICK) 75, 1

Neoconocephalus robustus:Unusual step patterns in the free walkinggrasshopper. I. General features of the steppatterns (GRAHAM) 73, 147

— Unusual step patterns in the free walkinggrasshopper. II. A critical test of the leginteractions underlying different modelsof hexapod coordination (GRAHAM) 73, 159

Nephron:Measurement of single, filtration rate in thekidney of the river lamprey, Lampretraflitviatilis L. (MORIARTY, LOGAN and RAN-KIN) 77, 57

Nerve(s):Distribution of, and muscle fibre types inlocust jumping muscle (HOYLE) 73, 205Giant, fibre activity in intact, freely movingearthworms (DREWES, LANDA and MCFALL)7 2 , 2 1 7

— The effect of calcium and magnesium on thespontaneous release of transmitter at insect,terminals (WASHIO and INOUYB) 75, 101

— Sodium fluxes and exchange pumps: furthercorrelates of osmotic conformity in, the, of ane8tuarine bivalve (Mytilus edulis (WILLMER)77. 207

Nervous system:Hormonal release of stereotyped motorprogrammes from the isolated, of the cecropiasilkmoth (TRUMAN) 74, 151

— Effects of the non-protein amino acids L-canavanine and L-canaline on the, of themoth Manduca sexta (L.) (KAMMER,DAHLMAN and ROSENTHAL) 75, 123

Neuro-muscular junction:Depressant action of lithium at the crayfish:pre- and postsynaptic effects (ORTIZ andJUNGE) 75, 171

Neuronal control:Of swimming in the medicinal leech. IV(FRIESEN, POON and STENT). V (POON,FRIESEN and STENT) 75, 25, 45

Neurone(8):Control of the salivary glands of Helisoma byidentified (KATEH, MURPHY and RUED) 7a,

91— Measurement of electrogenic-pump current in

Aplysia, with constant-current and constant-voltage techniques (JUNCE and ORTIZ) 7a,141

— The identification of an octopaminergic, andthe modulation of a myogenic rhythm in thelocust (EVANS and O'SHEA) 73, 235

— In the leech that facilitate an avoidance be-haviour following nearfield water disturb-ances (MISTICK) 75, 1

266 Index of SubjectsNeurone(s):— Initiation, maintenance and modulation of

swimming in medicinal leech by the activityof a single (WEEKS and KRISTAN) 77, 71

— Multiple sites of spike initiation in a bi-furcating locust (HEITLER and GOODMAN)76,63

Nervous tissue:Volume regulation and solute balance in the,of an osmoconforming bivalve (Mytilusedulis) (WILLMER) 77, 157

Noemacheilus barbatulus:The dimensions of the gills of two species ofloach, and Cobitis taenia (ROBOTHAM) 76,

Octopus vulgaris:Reproduction versus somatic growth: hor-monal control in (O'DOR and WELLS) 77,15

One-way valves:Evidence for, in the water-flow system ofsponges (VOGEL) 76, 137

Orb web spiders:Spectral sensitivities of the anterior medianeyes of the, Argiope bruennicftii and A.amoena (YAMASHITA and TATEDA) 74, 47

Osmoconformer:Effects of osmotic stress on the electricalactivities of the giant nxon of 0 marine,Sabella penicillus (CARLSON, PICHON andTREHERNE) 75, 237

— Axonal adaptations to osmotic and ionic stressin an invertebrate, (Mercierella enignjaticaFauvel). I (SKAER, TREHERNE, BENSON andMORETON). II, III (BENSON and TREHERNE)76, 191, 205, 221

Osmoconforming marine decapod crusta-ceans:

Patterns of water and solute regulation inthe muscle fibres of (FREEL) 7a, 107

— Transmembrane activity gradients of K and Clin the muscle fibres of (FREEL) 7a, 127

Osmotic concentrations:Measurements of the, of stylet sap, haemo-lymph and honeydew from an aphid underosmotic stress (DOWNING) 77, 247

Osmotic conformity:Sodium fluxes and exchange pumps: furthercorrelates of, in the nerves of an estuarinebivalve (Mytilus edulis) (WILLMER) 77, 207

Osmotic stress:Effects of, on the electrical activities of thegiant axon of a marine osmoconformerSabella penicillus (CARLSON, PICHON andTREHERNE) 75, 237

— Axonal adaptations to, and ionic stress in aninvertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierellaenigmatica Fauvel). I (SKAER, TREHERNE,BBNSON and MORETON). II, III (BENSON andTREHERNE) 76, 191, 205, 221

— Electrophysiological correlates of ionic and,in an osmoconforming bivalve (Mytilusedulis) (WILLMER) 77, 181

— Measurements of the osmotic concentrations ofstylet sap, haemolymph and honeydew froman aphid under (DOWNING) 77, 247

Ovis aries:Rebound resilience of tendons in the feet ofsheep (CUMING, ALEXANDER and JAYES) 74,

75Oxygen:

Some responses of the electric ray (Torpedomannorata) to low ambient, tensions (HUGHESand JOHNSTON) 73, 107

— Consumption of moths during rest, pre-flightwarm-up, and flight in relation to body sizeand wing morphology (BARTHOLOMEW andCASEY) 76, 11

— Consumption in the lizard genus Lacerta inrelation to diel variation, maximum activityand body weight (CRACG) 77, 33

Permeability:The, of the skin of the aquatic anuran Xen-opus laevis (Pipidae) (YORIO and BENTLEY)72,285

— Effects of epincphrine on branchial non-electrolyte, in rainbow trout (ISAIA, MAETZand HAYWOOD) 74, 227

'Paradoxical driving::Of walking activity in locusts (MOORHOUSE,FOSDROOKE and KENNEDY) 72, 1

Parallax:Peering - a locust behaviour pattern forobtaining motion, information (COLLBTT)76, 237

Peering:A locust behaviour pattern for obtainingmotion parallax information (COLLETT) 76,237

Periophthalmus cantonensis:Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial lifein amphibious fishes. III. The Chinese mud-skipper (GORDON, NC and YIP) 73, 57

Periplaneta americana:A model for extracellular sodium regulationin the central nervous system of an insect(TREHERNE and SCHOFIELD) 77, 251

Photoreceptor:Distribition of bumps in the tail of the locust,afterpotential (HORRIDCB and TSUKAHARA)

73. 1Pigments:

Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processesinitiated by light on two identifiable neuronal,in Mytilus edulis (PAPARO and MURPHY)76, 47

Pigeon:Mechanical properties of primary feathersfrom the (PURSLOW and VINCENT) 7a, 251

— The optokinetic basis of head-bobbing in the(FROST) 74, 187

Plaice:See Pleuronectes platessa L.

Pleuronectes platessa L.:The hydrodynamics of rheotaxis in the plaice(ARNOLD and WEIHS) 75, 147

Index of Subjects 267Pleuronectas platessa L.:— Non-release of lactic acid from anaerobic

swimming muscle of plaice, a stress reaction(WARDLB) 77, 141

Pomatomus saltatrix:Forces on the tail surface of swimming fish:thrust, drag and acceleration in bluefish(DUBOIS and OOILVY) 77, 225

Potassium:Ion-selective electrode studies on the effectof 5-hydroxytryptamine on the intracellularlevel of, in an insect salivary gland (BER-RIDGE and SCHLUE) 73, 203

— Identification of active cell in, transportingepithelium (BLANKBNMEYKR and HARVEY)77. 1

— Refinements in the short-circuit technique andits application to active, transport across thececropia midgut (WOOD and MORBTON) 77,123

Pre-flight warm-up:Oxygen consumption of moths during rest,and flight in relation to body size and wingmorphology (BARTHOLOMEW and CASBY) 76,11

Pressure regulation:Internal volume and, in Carcmus mamas(NORFOLK) 74, 123

Pressure-volume curves:Static, for the lung of the frog {Rana pipiens)(HUOHES and VERGARA) 76, 149

Proventriculus:Chemical excitation of the, of the polycheateworm SyUds tpongiphila (ANDERSON andMROSE) 75, 113

Psychophysical tuning curve:Auditory masking patterns in the goldfish(Carastiut auratus) 74, 83

Rainbow trout:Effects of epinephrine on branchial non-electrolyte permeability in (ISAIA, MAETZ andHAYWOOD) 74, 227See also Salmo gairdneri

Rana pipiens:Static pressure-volume curves for the lung ofthe frog (HUGHES and VERCARA) 76, 149

Rebound resilience:Of tendons in the feet of sheep (Ovis aries)(CUMING, ALEXANDER and JAYES) 74, 75

Receptor organ:Intersegmental reflex coordination by asingle joint, (CB) in rock lobster walkinglegs (CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH) 73, 29

Rectum:Dependence of prolonged water absorptionby in vitro locust, on ion transport (GOH andPHILLIPS) 7a, 25

— The source of short-circuit current acrosslocust (WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE andMEREDITH) 77, 107

Reflex actions:Intersegmental, from a joint sensory organ(CB) to a muscle receptor (MCO) in decapod

crustacean limbs (BUSH, VEDBL and CLARAC)

73.47Reflex coordination:

Intersegmental, by a single joint receptororgan (CB) in rock lobster walking legs(CLARAC, VEDEL and BUSH) 73, 29

Reproduction:Versus somatic growth: hormonal control inOctopus vulgarit (O'DOR and WELLS) 77, 15

Respiration:On the, of Torpedo marmorata (HUGHES) 73,85

Respiratory changes:And circulatory changes in the lobster(Homarut vulgaris) during long term ex-posure to hypoxia (BUTLER, TAYLOR andMCMAHON) 73, 131

Respiratory and hydrostatic functions:Of the intestine of the catfishes Hoplostemumthoracatum and Brochii splendent (Calli-chthyidae) (GEE and GRAHAM) 74, 1

Respiratory mechanics:Of sound production in chickens and geese(BRACKENBURY) 7a, 229

Rheotaxis:The hydrodynamics of, in the plaice (Pleuro-nectes platesta L.) (ARNOLD and WBIHS) 75,'47

Rhythm:Intrinsic, and basic tonus in insect skeletalmuscle (HOYLE) 73, 173

Root ablation:Directional sensitivity in a crayfish mechano-receptive interneurone: analysis by (FLOODand WILKENS) 77, 89

Sabella:Long-term adaptations of, giant axons tohyposmotic stress (TREHERNE and PICHON)75. 253

Sabella penicillus:Effects of osmotic stress on the electricalactivities of the giant axon of a marineosmoconformer (CARLSON, PICHON and TRE-HERNE) 75, 237

Salamander:See Batrachoseps

Salinity:Adaptation in the salamander Batrachoseps(JONES and HILLMAN) 76, 1

Salivary glands:Propagation of action potentials throughelectrotonic junctions in the, of the pulmo-nate mollusc, Helisoma trivohis (KATER,RUED and MURPHY) 7a, 77

— Control of the, of Helisoma by identifiedneurones (KATER, MURPHY and RUED) 7a,

9'— Ion-selective electrode studies on the effect of

5-hydroxytryptamine on the intracellularlevel of potassium in an insect (BERRIDGE andSCHLUE) 7a, 203

— Electron microprobe and ion-selective micro-electrode studies of fluid secretion in the, of

268 Index of SubjectsSalivary gland*

Calliphora (GUPTA, BERRIDGE, HALL andMORETON) 73, 261

Salivation:Control of, in the blowfly Calliphora (HANSKNBAY) 75, 189

Salmo gairdneri:The pattern of carbon dioxide excretion inthe rainbow trout (HASWELL and RANDALL)73. 17

— Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity in the blood, gill and kidneyof thermally-acclimated rainbow trout(HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73, 15

— The distribution of blood flow in the gills offish: application of a new technique torainbow trout (BOOTH) 73,119

Sensory organ:Intersegmental reflex actions from a joint,(CB) to a muscle receptor (MCO) in decapodcrustacean limbs (BUSH, VEDEL and CLARAC)73,47

Sheep:See Ovis aries

Short-circuit:The source of, current across locust rectum(WILLIAMS, PHILLIPS, PRINCE and MERE-DITH) 77, 107

— Refinements in the, technique and its applica-tion to active potassium transport across thececropia midgut (WOOD and MORETON) 77,123

Silkmoth:Hormonal release of stereotyped motor pro-grammes from the isolated nervous systemof the cecropia (TRUMAN) 74, 151

Skin:The permeability of the, of the aquaticanuran Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) 7a, 285

— The relationship of the external surface area ofbirds to, surface area and body mass (WALS-BERG and KING) 76, 185

Smooth muscle:The effect of hypertonic solutions on therate of relaxation of contracture tension inMytilus (TAMEYASU) 74, 197

Sodium:Kinetics of, and lithium movements acrossthe blood-brain barrier of an insect (SCHO-FIELD and TREHERNE) 74, 239

— Fluxes and exchange pumps: further corre-lates of osmotic conformity in the nerves ofan estuarine bivalve (Mytilus edulis) (WILL-MER) 77, 207

— A model for extracellular, regulation in thecentral nervous system of an insect Peri-planeia americana (TRBHERNE and SCHOFIELD)77-2SI

Solute balance:Volume regulation and, in the nervous tissueof an osmoconforming bivalve (Mytilusedulis) (WILLMER) 77, 157

Solute regulation:Patterns of water and, in the muscle fibres of

osmoconforming marine decapod crustaceans(FRHBL) 7a, 107

Somatic growth:Reproduction versus: hormonal control inOctopus vulgaris (O'DOR and WELLS) 77, 15

Song patterns:The tymbal mechanism and, of the bladdercicada, Cystosoma saundersii (SIMMONS andYOUNG) 76, 27

Sound production:Acoustics of, and of hearing in the bladdercicada Cystosoma saundersii (Westwood)(FLETCHER and HILL) 73, 43

— Respiratory mechanics of, in chickens andgeese (BRACKENBURY) 7a, 229

Spectral sensitivities:Of the anterior median eyes of the orb webspiders, Argiopt bruenmchii and A. amoena(YAMASHITA and TATEDA) 74, 47

Spermatozoa:A quantitative analysis of flagellar movementin echinoderm (HIRAMOTO and BABA) 76, 85

Spike initiation:Multiple sites of, in a bifurcating locustneurone (HEITLER and GOODMAN) 76, 63

Sponges:Evidence for one-way valves in the water-flow system of (VOGEL) 76, 137

Step patterns:Unusual, in the free walking grasshopper,Neoconocephalus robustus. I. General featuresof the (GRAHAM) 73, 147

— Unusual, in the free walking grasshopper,Neoconocephalus robustus. II . A critical testof the leg interactions underlying differentmodels of hexapod coordination (GRAHAM)73. 159

Stepping:An electromyographic analysis of forelimbmuscles during overground, in the cat(ENGLISH 76, 105

Stylet sap:Measurements of the osmotic concentrationsof, haemolymph and honeydew from an aphidunder osmotic stress (DOWNING) 77, 247

Sulphate transport:Induction of, and hormonal control of fluidsecretion by Malpighian tubules of larvae ofthe mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus (MAD-DRELL and PHILLIPS) 7a, 181

Surface area:The relationship of the external, of birds toskin surface area and body mass (WALSBEROand KINC) 76, 185

Swimming:The effect of training on the, muscles of thegoldfish (Carassius auratus) (DAVISON andGOLDSPINK) 74, 115

— Neuronal control of, in the medicinal leech.IV (FRIESEN, POON and STENT). V (POON,FRIESEN and STENT) 75, 25, 45

— Locusts use the same basic motor pattern in,as in jumping and kicking (PFLOGER andBURROWS) 75, 81

Index of Subjects 269Swimming:— Initiation, maintenance and modulation of, in

medicinal leech by the activity of a singleneurone (WEEKS and KRISTAN) 77, 71

— Forces on the tail surface of, fish: thrust, dragand acceleration in blucfish (Pomatomut salta-trix) (DUBOIS and OCILVY) 77, 225

Syllis spongyphila:Chemical excitation of the proventriculus ofthe polychaete worm (ANDERSON and MROSE)75. 113

Synaptic driving:Sources of variation in the output of locustspiracular motoneurones receiving common(BURROWS) 74, 175

Tail:Forces on the, surface of swimming fish:thrust, drag and acceleration in bluefish(Pomattts laltatrix) (DUBOIS and OCILVY)77. 225

Teleost fish:Fast-start performance and body form inseven species of (WEBU) 74, 211

Tendons:Rebound resilience of, in the feet of sheep(Ovis aries) (CUMMINC, ALEXANDER andJAYES) 74, 75

Tenebrio molitor:The role of the thermal hysteresis factor in,larvae (PATTERSON and DUMAN) 74, 37

Terrestrial life:Aspects of the physiology of, in amphibiousfishes. III. The Chinese mudskipper Peri-ophthahmis cantonensis (GORDON, NO andYIP) 72, 57

Thermal hysteresis factor:The role of the, in Tenebrio molitor larvae(PATTERSON and DUMAN) 74, 37

Thrust:Forces on the tail surface of swimming fish:drag and acceleration in bluefish (Pomatomussaltatrix) (DUBOIS and OCILVY) 77, 225

Tiger snakes:Regulation of arterial blood pressure inAustralian (LILLYWHITE and SEYMOUR) 75,65

Tonus:Intrinsic rhythm and basic, in insect skeletalmuscle (HOYLE) 73, 173

Torpedo marmorata:On the respiration of (HUGHES) 73, 85

— Some responses of the electric ray, to lowambient oxygen tensions (HUCHES andJOHNSTON) 73, 107

Training:The effect of, on the swimming muscles ofthe goldfish (Carassius auratuz) (DAVISON andGOLDSPINK) 74, 115

Transmembrane activity gradients:Of K and Cl in the muscle fibres of osmocon-forming marine decapod crustaceans (FREEL)7*. 127

Transmitter:The effect of calcium and magnesium on thespontaneous release of, at insect motor nerveterminals (WASHIO and INOUYE) 75, 101

Trout:Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitiveesterase) activity in the blood, gill and kidneyof thermally-acclimated rainbow, Salmogairdneri (HOUSTON and MCCARTY) 73, 15

Tymbal mechanism:The, and song patterns of the bladder cicada,Cyttoma saundertii (SIMMONS and YOUNC)76, 27

Ventilation:In an aquatic and a terrestrial chelonianreptile (GLASS, BURGCREN and JOHANSEN)

72. 165Volume regulation:

And solute balance in the nervous tissue ofan osmoconforming bivalve (Mytilus edulis)(WILLMEK) 77, 157

Walking activity:'Paradoxical driving' of, in locusts (MOOR-HOUSE, FOSBROOKE and KENNEDY) 73, 1

Water:Dependence of prolonged, absorption by invitro locust rectum on ion transport (GOHand PHILLIPS) 7a, 25

— Patterns of, and solute regulation in the musclefibres of osmoconforming marine decapodcrustaceans (FREEL) 7a, 107

— Influence of, temperature on the electric organdischarge (EOD) of the weakly electric fishMarcusenius cyprinoides (Mormyridae) (TOER-RING and SERRIER) 74, 133

— Evaporative cooling and, balance during flightin birds (TORRE-BUENO) 75, 231

Water-flow system:Evidence for one-way valves in the, ofsponges (VOCEL) 76, 137

Wing:Oxygen consumption of moths during rest,pre-flight warm-up, and flight in relation tobody size and, morphology (BARTHOLOMEWand CASEY) 76, 11

Worm:See Syllit spongiphila

Xenopus laevis (Pipidae):The permeability of the skin of the aquaticanuran (YORIO and BENTLEY) 73, 285