DOCUMENT RESUME ED 135 989 TITLE Jobs for Which a High

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 135 989 CE 009 895

TITLE Jobs for Which a High School Education is Preferred,but Not Essential.

INSTITUTION Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Washington, D.C.PUB DATE 76NOTE 20p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$1.67 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Dropouts; *Employment Qualifications; Employment

Trends; *High School Graduates; Job Market;*Occupational Information; Semiskilled Occupations;Service Occupations

ABSTRACTThis pamphlet lists the occupations discussed iu the

',Occupational Outlook Handbook', for which a high school education ispreferred, but not essential. Occupational information is presentedin a three-coluEn format which includes job ttlei highlights of jobqualifications and training, and employment opportunities and trendsthrough 1985. Information on ninety jobs is presented under thefollowing occupational groups: Foundry, machining, industrialproduction and related occupations, clerical, cleaning and relatedoccupations, food service, personal service, private householdservice, protective and related services, sales, construction,merchant marine, railroad, driving, telephone craft, mechanics andrepairers, social service, nursing, and design. (SH)

***********************************************************************Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished

* materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort ** to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal ** reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality ** of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available ** via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not* responsible for the quality of the origiwal document. Reproductions ** supplied by BUS are the best that can be made from the original. --************************************************************************

bs for Whict a C,

IsPreferred,fibeh School Education

4-) but Not EssentialU.S. Department of LaborSureau of Labor Statistics

1976

U S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH,

EDUCATION &WELFARE

NATIONALINSTITUTE OF

EDUCATION

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Jobs for Which a HighSchool Education is Preferred,but Not Essential

Are you a high school dropout? If so, youare not alone. In 1974, about 3 out of every10 workers did not complete high school for onereason or another. However, dropping out of highschool does not mean dropping out of the jobmarket. This pamphlet lists the occupations dis-cussed in the Occupational Outlook Handbookfor which a high school education is preferred,but not essential. But remember that the moreeducation one acquires, the more choice ofoccupations one has.

The summries which follow give only high-lights of job qualifications and employmenttrends described in the Handbook. Special talents,aptitudes, and personal characteristics not speci-fically mentioned here may be necessary formany occupations. Also, remember that thecomments in the "Employment Opportunities. .column reflect conditions foreseen over the 1974to 1985 period for the entire Nation. As a result,the comments do not necessarily reflect employ-ment opportunities in any single year or in anyspecific locality.

The 1976-77 edition of the Occupational Out-look Handbook contains the following informa-tion for more than 850 occupations:

Nature of the workPlaces of employmentTraining, other qualifications, and advance-

mentEmployment outlookdarnings and working conditionsSources of additional information

ae Handbook is publshed every 2 years by theU.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of LaborStatistics. Copies may be purchased for $7 fromany regional office of the Bureau of LaborStatistics. See back cover for addresses.

A list of reprints about jobs for which a highschool education is preferred, but not essentialappears at the end of this pamphlet. You may usethe listing to order reprints. The cost of each re-print is 350.

Reprints of other occupations described in theOccupational Outlook Handbook also are avail-able separately at 350 except reprint number 154which is 45g. A complete set of the 155reprints may, be purchased for $55. For a freelist of all reprints, write to:

U.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsOccupational Outlook ServiceGAO BuildingWashington, D.C. 20212

./

Occupations(Employment 1974)

Qualificationsand Training

Employment Opportunitiesand Trends to 1985

Industrial Productionand Related Occupations

Foundry Occupations

Molders(60,000)

Coremakers(24,500)

Machining Occupations

Machine Tool Operators(600,000)

Other Industrial Productionand Related Occupations

Assemblers(1,140,000)

Automobile Painters(25,000)

A 4-year apprentice program isneeded to become a journeymanmolder. Molders helpers and lessskilled handmolders learn on the job.An 8th grade education is minimumrequirement for apprenticeship, butmany employers require additionaleducation.

A 4-year apprentice program is re-commended training for coremakers.Less skilled hanck.oremaking andmost machine-coremaking jobs arelearned on the job.

Usually learn skills on the job.Courses in mathematics and blue-print reading useful.

Should be in good physical conditionand have some aptitude for mechani-cal work. Most learn skills on the job.

Most learn on the job. A few learnthrough 3-year apprenticeship.

Little or no change in employmentis expected, due to the trend to moremachine molding, such as the sandslinging process, and other labor-saving innovations. However, hun-dreds of openings annually will becreated by replacement needs.

Little or no change in employment isexpected, as more cores are madeby machine instead of by hand.Nevertheless, several hundred open-ings annually will be created by re-placement needs.

Despite slower than average employ-ment growth, many job opportunitiesshould result from large replacementneeds.

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, due to growing demandfor consumer products as well as in-dustrial machinery and equipment.However, applicants may find limitedoppoi-tunities during some yearssince employment is concentrated indurable goods industries which arehighly sensitive to changes in busi-ness conditions and national defenseneeds.

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, due to the growing num-ber of motor vehicles damaged intraffic accidents. Best opportunitiesin metropolitan areas.

Occupations Qualifications Employment Opportunities(Employment 1974) and Training and Trends to 1985

Blacksmiths(9,000)

BoilermakingOccupations(45,000)

Boiler Tenders(90,000)

Electroplaters(34,000)

Furniture Upholsterers(34,000)

Inspectors(790,000)

Millwrights(95,000)

Most learn in shop; others through3- or 4-year apprenticeship. Coursesin metalworking, blueprint readinghelpful.

Boilermakers often learn tradethrough 4-year apprenticeship; layoutworkers and fitters usually acquireskills on the job.

Some cities and States require li-cense. Skills can be learned on thejob as a helper.

Most learn skills on the job; somethrough 3- or 4-year apprenticeship.

Skills learned on the job. High schoolcourses in furniture making, textilefabrics, and upholstery repair help-ful. Manual and finger dexterity im-portant.

Generally trained on the job. Somecompanies administer pre-employ-ment tests.

Skills acquired through either appren-ticeship (usually 4 years) or trainingon the job. Courses in science, mathe-matics, mechanical drawing, and ma-chine shop practice useful.

Employment is expected to decline,as blacksmiths are being replaced bymachines in forge shops and bywelders. Some openings due to re-placement needs.

Employment is expected to inCieasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to the construction ofmany new electric powerplants andthe expansion of industries that useboHers such as chemicals, petroleum,steel, and shipbuilding.

Employment is expected to declineas more new boilers are equippedwith automatic controls. However, afew thousand openings will ariseannually due to replacement needs.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, due to the expansion ofmetalworking industries and the in-creased use of electroplating on me-tals and plastics.

Employment is expected to grow ata slower rate than the average forall occupations, because furniture isbeing constructed of fewer upholsterymaterials and because of the trendtoward buying new furniture instead ofreupholstering the old.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations because of industrial expan-sion and the growing complexity ofmanufactured products.

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as a result of the con-struction of new plants, improvementsin existing plant layouts, and thebuilding and maintenance of increas-ingly complex machinery.

Occupations Qualifications Employment Opportunitiesand Trends to 1985(Employment 1974) and Training

Motion PictureProjectionists(18,000)

Photographic Laboratory.Occupations(50,000)

Power Truck Operators(347,000)

Production Painters(125,000)

Waste Water TreatmentPlant Operators(62,000)

Welders(645,000)

Applicant must be at least 18. Oneto 2 years of apprenticeship usuallyrequired.

A few weeks to several years train-ing on the job, depending on theparticular specialty.

Skills usually learned on the job.Some firms have training programs.

Most learn through training on thejob.

Most learn skills on the job. Me-chanical aptitude important. Two-yearprograms in waste water technologyare available.

Generally, several years of training onthe job. Some less skilled jobs canbe learned after a few weeks of train-ing. High school or vocational schooltraining in welding preferred.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the averaoe for aH occu-pations because of laborsaving inno-vations in equipment and theaterdesign. Applicants are likely to facekeen competition.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the'average for all occu-pations, due to the increasing use ofphotography in business, govern-ment, and research and developmentactivities, in addition to the growthof amateur photography.

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as more firms use powertrucks in place of hand labor to movean increasing volume of materials.

Although employment is expected to,grow about as fast as the averagefor all occupations. it will not keeppace with manufacturing outputte-cause of increased use of automaticsprayers and other laborsaving inno-vations.

Employment .is-expected to increasemuch faster than the average for alloccupations, as a result of the con-struction of new treatment plants to ----

process the growing amount of do-mestic and industrial waste water.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to the favorable outlookfor metalworking industries and thegreater use of welding. Very goodopportunities, particularly for skilledwelders'in_nuclear power plant, pipe-line, and ship construction jobs.

Occupations Qualifications Employment Opportunities(Employment 1974) and Training and Trends to 1985

Office Occupations

Clerical Occupations

Cashiers(1,111,000)

Postal Clerks(293,000)

Shipping and ReceivingClerks(465,000)

Stock Clerks(490,000)

Service Occupations

Applicant who has taken vocationaleducation or business subjects pre-ferred. Most training on the job.

Must be 18 and pass written andphysical examination.

Business subjects useful.

Applicant who is proficient in reading,writing, arithmetic, typing, and filingis preferred.

Cleaning and Related Occupations

Building Custodians(1,900,000)

Hotel Housekeepers andAssistants(18,000)

Most learn skills on the job. Highschool shop courses helpful.

Courses in hotel housekeeping, per-sonnel management, budget prepara-tion, and interior decoration helpful.

Because of very high turnover andaverage employment growth in re-sponse to the increase in retail sales,thousands of job openings for cash-iers are expected annually. However,future growth could be slowed bywidespread adoption of automatedcheckout systems.

Little or no change in employment isexpected due to the modernizationof post offices and the installation ofnew equipment which will increaseefficiency of clerks. Thousands ofopenings annually due to replace-ment needs.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as business expansionresults in an increased distribution ofgoods.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as business firms con-tinue to expand. Competition is an-ticipated as many young people seekthis work -as a first job.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as construction of officebuildings, schools, and hospitals in-creases the demand for maintenanceservices. Many opportunities for part-time and evening work.

Although employment is expected togrow about as fast as the averagefor all occupations, competition islikely to be keen. Best opportunitiesin newly built hotels and motels.-




Food Service Occupations

Bartenders(233,000)

Cooks and Chefs(955,000)

Dining Room Attendantsand Dishwashers(370,000)

Food Counter Workers(350,000)

Meatcutters(202,000)

Waiters and Waitresses(1,180,000)

Personal Service Occupations

Bellhops and BellCaptains(17,000)

Twenty-one is generally the minimumage required by law for employment,but some employers require their bar-tenders to be at least 25.

Skills usually learned on the job;courses in cooking schools an advan-tage for work in large hotels andrestaurants. Some train as appren-tices.

Must obtain health certificate in manyStates. Arithmetical skills necessaryfor promotion.

Arithmetical skills necessary. Mustobtain health certificate in manyStates.

Most acquire their skills either throughapprenticeship or on the job. Manyemployers prefer high school di-ploma.

Many employers prefer those with 2 or3 years of high school. On-the-jobtraining common. Arithmetical skillsneeded.

No specific education requirements,but completion of high school an ad-vantage for promotion to other hoteljobs.

Private Household Service Occupations

Private HouseholdWorkers(1,200,000)

Ability to do general housework, cook,and care for children usually acquiredat home. Training offered by FederalGovernment, State employment ser-vice, and local welfare departments.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, as new restaurants, hotels,and bars open.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations. Most starting jobs in smallrestaurants and other eating placeshaving simple food preparation.

Favorable opportunities due to aver-age employment growth and high re-placement needs, Particularly amongpart-time workers.

Favorable opportunities due to aver-age employment growth and high re-placement needs, particularly amongpart-time workers.

Although little or no change in em-ployment is expected, thousands ofopenings annually will be created byreplacement needs.

Favorable opportunities due to aver-age employment growth and very highreplacement needs, particularlyamong part-time workers. Keen com-petition for jobs in the best restau-rants.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the average for all occu-pations, due to the growing populari-ty of economy motels. Best oppor-tunities in motels, small hotels, andresort areas open only part.of theyear.

Despite an expected decline in em-ployment, good opportunities as de-mand is likely to continue to exceedsupply. Low wages, the tedious na-ture of work, and the lack of ad-vancement opportunities discouragemany prospective employees.

OcCupations(Employment 1974)



Protective and Related Service Occupations

GUards(475,000)

Other Service Occupations

Mail Carriers(267,000)

Sales Occupations

Automobile PartsCounterworkers(75,000)

Gasoline ServiceStation Attendants(450,000)

Retail TradeSalesworkers(2,800,000)

Route Drivers(190,000)

Employers seek those with experi-ence in the military police or in Stateand local police departments. Appli-cant without a high school diplomais tested for reading and writing abili-ty.

Generally trained on the job. Must be18 and pass written and physicalexamination.

Most learn skills on the job. Highschool mechanics courses helpful.

Most learn on the job. Must havedriver's :icense and ability to dosimple arithmetic.

Distributive education programsoffering courses in retail selling help-ful.

In most States, chauffeur's licenseneeded.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the average for all occu-pations, due to the increased use ofremote cameras, alarm systems, andother electronic surveillance equip-ment. Most openings will be createdby replacement needs. Best oppor-tunities for those seeking night work.

Although little or no change in em-ployment is expected due to more ef-ficient mail delivery, several thousandopenings annually will result from re-placement needs. Openings concen-trated in metropolitan areas.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, as more parts will be neededto repair the Nation's growing num-ber of motor vehicles.

Employment is expected to grow overthe next few years, although thetrends toward cars with improved gasmileage and self-service gas stationsmight limit growth over the long run.Nevertheless, thousands of openingsannually will be created by replace-ment needs.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average forall occupations, as the volume ofsales rises and stores continue toremain open longer. Good opportuni-ties for full-time, part-time, and tem-porary employment due to growthand high replacement needs.

Although little or no change in em-ployment is expected, several thou-sand openings annually will resultfrom replacement needs.



Construction Occupations

Asbestos and InsulationWorkers(30,000)

Bricklayers andStonemasons(165, 000)

Carpenters(1,060,000)

Cement Masons (Cementand Concrete Finishers)(90,000)

Construction Laborers(865,000)

Floor Covering Installers(85,000)

Lathers(25,000)


Usually applicant must be at least18 years old. Most learn through 4-year apprenticeship. Examination re-quired on completion of apprentice-ship program.

Usually applicant must be at least17 years old. Work can be learned onthe job, but 3-year apprenticeshiprecommended.

Usually applicant must be at least17. Some learn skills informallyon the job, but 4-year apprentice-ship recommended.

Usually applicant must be at least18 years old. Work can be learnedon the job, but 3-year apprentice-'ship recommended.

On-the-job training or formal trainingprograms, lasting 4 to 8 weeks. Usual-ly must be at least 18 and in goodphysical condition.

Usually applicant.must be at least16. Many learn skills on the job,but apprenticeship recommended.

Usually applicant must be at least16 years old. A minimum 2-yearapprenticeship recommended, though*many learn trade informally.

Employment is expected to growmuch faster than the average for alloccupations, in response to in-creased construction activity and theneed for energy-saving insulation.Best opportunities in metropolitanareas where most insulation contrac-tors are located.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, in response to in-creased construction activity and theexpanding use of brick for decorativework. Little or no change is expec-ted in the employment of stone-masons, due to the cost of stonerelative to other materials.

Plentiful job opportunities over thelong run resulting from high replace-ment needs and average employmentgrowth due to increased construc-tion activity.

Favorable opportunities due to fasterthan average employment growth inresponse to increased constructionactivity and greater use of concrete.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the average for all occu-pations, because of the greater use oflaborsaving equipment such astrenching machines and forklifts.However, many openings created byreplacement needs.

Employment is expected to in-crease about as fast as the averagefor all occupations, due to the morewidespread use of resilient floor cov-erings and carpeting. Best opportuni-ties for those who can install bothcarpeting and resilient flooring.

Little or no change in employment isexpected, as drywall materials areincreasingly used in place of lathand plaster. Some openings annuallydue to replacement needs.


aualificafionsand Training


Painters and Paperhangers(470,000)

Plasterers(26,000)

Plumbers and Pipefitters(375,000)

Roofers(90,000)

Structural, Ornamental,and Reinforcing IronWorkers, Riggers, andMachine Movers(85,000)

Usually appi:cant must be at least16. Many acquire skills informally onthe job, but 3-year apprenticeshiprecommended.

Usually applicant must be at least17. A 3- or 4-year apprenticeship i3recommended. Many learn on the job.

Usually applicant must be at least16. A 5-year apprenticeship recom-mended, but many learn on the job.Trade or correspondence courses canbe useful.

Applicant must be at least 18. Manylearn informally on the job, but 3-year apprenticeship recommended.

Usually applicant must be at least18. A 3-year apprenticeship recom-mended.

Occupations in-Transportation Activities

Merchant Marine Occupations

Merchant MarineSailors(20,000)

Although no education requirementsexist, previous sea experience is agood background. Merchant Ma-riner's document from U.S. CoastGuard required.

Although employment of painters isexpected to grow more Slowly thanthe average for all occupations, manyopenings will result annually fromhigh replacement needs. Despiteaverage employment growth for pa-perhangers, stimulated by the risingpopularity of wallpaper and vinylwallcovering, fewer job opportunitiesthan for painters because of thesmall size of the occupation.

Little change is expected in employ-ment, as drywall materials are in-creasingly used in place of plaster.Several hundred openings annuallydue to replacement needs.

Employment is expected to growfaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to increased construc-tion activity and growth in areas whichuse extensive pipework such aschemical and petroleum refineries,coal gasification, and nuclear powerplants. Also, the trend toward moreair-conditioning, appliances, anddisposal equipment will create addi-tional demand for these workers.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to increases in construc-tion activity, roof repairs, and water-proofing.

Employment in all ironworking occu-pations is expected to increase fasterthan the average for all occupations.The growing use of structural steel,ornamental panels, metal framing,and prestressed concrete shouldcreate additional jobs for structural,ornamental, and reinforcing ironworkers, while the need to handle theincreasing amount of heavyconstruction machinery will result inadditional jobs for riggers andmachine movers.

Employment is expected to declineas more ships become equippedwith laborsaving features. Keen com .petition for positions created by re-placement needs.




Railroad Occupations

Brake Operators(73,000)

Conductors(39,500)

Shop Trades(75,00G)

Signal DepartmentWorkers(11,500)

Station Agents(7,600)

Telegraphers,Telephoners,and Tower Operators(11,000)

Track Workers(57,000)

Driving Occupations

Local Transit Busdrivers(71,000)

Usually must pass physical exami-nations for eyesight, hearing, andstamina. Mechanical aptitude helpful.

Must have several years experienceas a brake operator and pass re-quired examinations.

Apprenticeship lasting 3-4 years isrecommended for shop trades. Manyhelpers and laborers are upgraded.

Trained on the job. Courses in elec-tronics and blueprint reading helpful.

Positions are filled on a senioritybasis by experienced telegraphers,telephoners, tower operators, andclerks.

Most learn on the job. Usually mustpass examinations on operating rules.

Most railroads prefer workers who canread, write, and do heavy work. Usu-ally trained on the job for 2 years.

Although employment is expectedto decline due to technological inno-vations which increase efficiency offreight movement, some openings willresult from replacement needs.

Employment is expected to growmore slowly than the average for alloccupations, as a result of technologi-cal innovations which increase effi-ciency of freight movement. Mostopenings due to replacement needs.

Employment is expected to declineas shop efficiency increases and asnewer, more durable railroad cars re-place older models.

Little or no change in employment isexpected, due to the installation ofnew signal systems requiring lessmaintenance. However, some open-ings annually will result from re-placement needs.

Employment is expected to decline,as more customer orders and billingare handled by centrally located sta-tions and as smaller stations areserviced by mobile agents.

Employment is expected to decline,due to the wider use of automaticsignaling and train control systems.

Little or no change in employmentis expected, due to increased pro-ductivity of track workers and the in-stallation of improved train controlsystems requiring less track. How-ever, some openings annually due toreplacement needs.

Applicant should be at least 21. Although employment is expected toMust be in good physical condition; increase more slowly than the aver-chaufeur's license required in most age for all occupations, many open-States. ings 'will result from replacement

needs. Keen competition for avaikable positions.

ccupations(Employment 1974)

'Qualificationsand Training


Local Truckdrivers(1,600,000)

Long DistanceTruckdrivers(540,000)

Parking Attendants(42,000)

Taxicab Drivers(92,000)

Mer.hanics and Repairers

Telephone Craft Occupations

Central Office CraftOccupations(110,000)

Central Office EquipmentInstallers(30,000)

Line Installers andCable Splicers(55,000)

Telephone and PBXInstallers and Repairers(115,000)

Generally, must be at least 21. Mustbe in good physical condition andhave a chauffeur's license.

Must be at leastcal condition, ha dri, .0

record, and a cheui,Many fleet dperatOrs have higherstandards,

Attendant must have a valid driver'slicense and be skilled ;i1 handlingcars. Clerical and arithmetical skillsare helpful in keeping records ofclaim tickets; computing parkingcharges, and making change.

In general, must be over 21, havechauffeur's license and special taxi-cab operator's license.

Most train on the job. Knowledge ofbasic principles of electricity andelectronics is desired.

Trained on the job. Mechanical apti-tude necessary.

Companies provide classroom in-struction and training on the job.Veterans who had telephone trainingin armed services given preference.

Telephone companies provide train-ing courses,

Although employment is expectedto increase more slowly than the aver-age for all occupations, applicantsare likely to find favorable opportuni-ties. Thousands of openings annuallydue to replacement needs in thisvery large occupation.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the average for all oc,pations, as a result of increased ;il-ciendy -of freig ht "Movement: -Keencompetition for available openings.

Employment is expected to grow moreslowly than the average for all occu-pations, as the trend to self-parkingsystems continues. Most job oppor-tunities will be in-large commercialparking lots in urban areas.

Although little or no change in em-ployment is Pxpected, applicantsshould find good opportunities due tohigh replacement needs.

Employment of frame wirers, troublelocators, and central office repairersis expected to increase about as fastas the average for all occupationsin response to growing demand fortelephone services,

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, because of the need toinstall equipment in thousands of newtelephone central offices and to re-place obsolete equipment.

Little or no change in employmentis expected, due to labor-saving tech-nological developments. Some open-ings wHI arise annually as a resultof replacement needs.

The growing demand for telephonesand private branch exchange (PBX)and central exchange (CENTREX)systems will result in employmentgrowth, although it is expected to beslower than the average for all occu-pations.


Qualification&and Training


Other Mechanics and Repairers

Air-Conditioning,Refrigeration, andHeating Mechanics(20C,000)

Appliance Repairers(135,000)

Automobile Body Repairers(145,000)

Automobile Mechanics(735,000)

Boat Motor Mechanics(11,000)

Bowling-Pin MachineMechanics(5,000)

Most begin as helpers and learn onthe job. Courses in mathematics,physics, electronics, and blueprintreading helpful.

Mechanical ability necessary. Skillslearned on the job. Couises in elec-tricity, mathematics, and blueprintreading helpful.

Most learn skills on the job. A 3-or 4-year apprenticeship recom-mended. Should be in good physi-cal condition.

Most learn skills on the job, thougha 3- or 4-year apprenticeship recom-mended.

Most learn skills on the job. Somefactory-sponsored training programsavailable.

Usually trainee must be at least 16.Many team through brief course infactory school followed by on-the-jobtraining.

14

Employrnent is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, with most openings for air-conditioning and refrigeration me-chanics. Employment of furnace in-stallers and gas burner mechanicsshould follow growth trends in newconstruction, while employment of oilburner mechanics should grow asheating systems are serviced morefrequently in order to conserve oil.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccasions, in response to increasesin population and income in addi-tion'to the-introduction orrievrappli"---7,ances and improvements in existingones.

Employment is expected to increaseabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as a result of the risingnumber of motor vehicles damagedin traffic accidents.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as more automobileswill be equipped with pollution con-trol devices, air-conditioning, andother features that increase mainte-nance requirements. Good opportuni-ties because of this factor and highreplacement needs.

Employment is expected to increasefaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to the growth in the num-ber of boats, mini-bikes, and snow-mobiles. Particularly favorable oppor-tunities for those with a knowledge bfelectricity and electronics.

Employment is expected to growmore slowly than the average for alloccupations, due to improvements inpin-setting machines. A limited num-ber of openings will become avail-able because of replacement needs,

It

Occupations Qualifications Employ:nent Opportunities(Employment 1974) and Training and Trends to 1985

Diesel Mechanics(95,000)

Electric SignRepairers(9,000)

Farm EquipmentMechanics(60,000)

Industrial MachineryRepairers(500,000)

JeWelers(18,000)

Locksmiths(9,000)

Maintenance Electricians(280,000)

Motorcycle Mechanics(11,000)

Most train on the job. Some learnthe trade through apprenticeship(usually 4 years.)

Employers prefer high school gradu-ates with electrical and mechanicalaptitudes. Most learn skills on the job,but some " gh electricians' ap-prentice ms.

Many on the job; a fewlearn tutu, porenticeship.

Most acquire skills informally on thejob; some through apprenticeship.

Usually learned through either 3-4-year apprenticeship or trainingthe job.

Employment is expected to growfaster than the average fa- all occu-pations, due to the expansion of in-dustries which are major users ofdiesel engines and continued re-placements of gasoline engines bydiesel engines.

Employment is expected to growfaster than the average for all occu-pations, in response to a rapid in-crease in the number of signs.

Employment is expected to growabout as fast as the average for alloccupations, as the increase in thesize and complexity of farm equip-ment will lead-to more r taintenancerequirements.

Employment is expected to increasemuch faster than the average for alloccupations, because of the growingamount of complex factory machineryrequiring maintenance and repair.

or Little or no employment change.on While the demand for jewelry is grow-

ing, improved production methodswill limit the need for new. workers.For openings created by replacementneeds, priority will be given to appli-cants who have completed technicalschool course in jewelry design, con-struction, and repair.

Most learn trade on the job. Somelocksmiths must be licensed.

Skills learned either through appren-ticeship (usually 4 years) or on thejob. Courses in mathematics andbasic science helpful.

Trainee learns trade on the job. Em-ployers look especially for cyclingenthusiast who has practical experi-ence repairing motorcycles.

Employment is expected to growfaster than the average for all occu-pations, as a result of a more secur-ity-conscious public. Particularly fa-vorable opportunities for those whocan install and service electronicsecurity systems.

Employment is expected to growfaster than the average for all occu-pations, due to the increased use ofelectrical and electronic equipmentby industry.

Employment is expected to increasemuch faster than the average for alloccupations, in response to the grow-ing numbers of motorcycles, mini-bikes, and snowmobiles. Most full-time opportunities in large dealer-ships located in the suburbs of metro-politan areas.

Occupatlzns(EMployment 1974)


Employment Opportunitiesand Trends to '1985

Piano and OrganTuners and Repairers(8,000)

Shoe Repairers(30,000)

Truck Mechanicsand Bus Mechanics(135,000)

Vending MachineMechanics(24,000)

Watch Repairers(17,000)

Health Occupations

Nursing Occupations

Licensed PracticalNurses(495,000)

Nursing Aides,Orderlies, andAttendants(970,000)

Usually learned on the job. Formaltraining in electronics important forelectronic organ technicians.

Most workers learn on the job. Afew complete apprenticeships. Somevocational schools offer training.

Most learn on the job, but 4-yearapprenticeship recommended.

Skills usually learned on the job.Courses in electricity and machinerepair helpful.

Usually no specific educational re-quirements. Training availabie inwatch repair and vocational schools.Some learn skills on the job or throughapprenticeship.

Usually must have completed at least2 years of high school and a State-approved practical nursing course,and must have passed a licensingexamination

Generally trained on the job, some-times combined with classroom in-struction.

Little or no change in employment isexpected, as the number of pianosand organs will be limited by com-petition from other forms of enter-tainment. However, some openingsannually due to replacement needs.

Employment is expected to decline,largely because the number of peopleentering the trade has been insuffi-cient to meet replacement needs.Good opportunities for experiencedrepairers who wish to open theirown shops.

Employment of truck mechanics isexpected to grow faster than the aver-age for all occupations, due to signi-ficant increases in the transportationof freight by trucks. Employment ofbus mechanics, however, is expectedto grow more slowly than the aver-age.

Slower than average employment in-crease. Some growth as additionalmachines are installed to meet theilemands of an increasing popula-tun_ However, most openings willresult from replacement needs.

oloyment is expected to grow atower rate than the averagelor aiP

o. pations, because many watchesnc r made cost little more to replace

'o repair. Neverthelessgood,ortunities for graduates of watch

r pair schools.

Very good opportunities as public andprivate health insurance plans ex-pand and as Hcensed practicalfturses:assume duties previously per-forrnedtby registered nurses.

Employment is expected to increasemuch faster than the average for alloccupations. Although most openingswill arise from replacement needs,many new openings will be innursing homes, convalescent homes,and other long-term care facilities,




Social Service Occupations

Social Service Aides(70,000)

Usually trained on sob. Highschool diploma is not required. Appli-cant should be able to get alongwith people, especially the disadvan-taged.

Art, Design, and Communications-Related Occupations

Design Occupations

Floral Designers(33,000)

Usual!, 2 years of on-the job train-ing. High school business subjectshelpful. Increasing numbers arebeing trained in vocational schools.

Employment is expected to growmuch faster than the average for alloccupations, as social welfare pro-grams expand and aides performtasks formerly done by professionalpersonnel. Good opportunities forpart-time work.

Good outlook for prospective floraldesigners as employment is.expec-ted to increase_faster than the aver-age for all occupations, in responseto the growing demand for floralarrangements.

EmploymentOutlook for

FoundriesCoremakersMoldersPatternmakers

Machining OccupationsJ-Round Machinistsinstrument Makers (Mechanizal)Machine Tool OperatorsSetup Workers (Machine TxIs)Tiool- and Die Makers

Factory Production OccupatiznsAssemblersElectroplatersInspectorsPower Truck OperatorsProduction Painters

Blacksmiths

Boilermaking Occupations

Furniture Upholsterers

Motion Picture Projectionists

Stationary Engineers, BoilerTenders

Waste Water Treatment PlantOperators

Baba n!No.

1875-2

1875-3

18755

1875-6

1875-8

1875-10

18rb-11

1875-12

187543

HowMany

TotalCost

Employment Bulletin How TotalOutlook for No. Many Cost

Welders 1875-14

Cashiers 1875-16

Shipping and Receiving Clerks, 1875-20Stock Clerks

Building Custodians 1875-35

BartendersCooks and ChefsWaiters and Waitresses

Dining Room Attendantsand Dishwashers

Food Counter Workers

1875-37

1875-38_

Meatcutters 1875-39.

Private Household Workers 1875-42

Guards 1875-45

Retail Trade Salesworkers 1875-53

Asbestos and Insulation Workers 1875-57

Bricklayers, Stonemasons, Marble 1875-58Setters, Tile Setters, and TerrazzoWorkers

Carpenters, Painters andPaperhangers,Glaziers

Cement Masons, Lathers, Plasterers

Construction Laborers

Elevator Constructors, Structural,Ornamental, and Reinforcing IronWorkers, Riggers and MachineMovers

Floor Covering Installers

Plum: ars and Pipefitters

Roofers, Sheet-Metal Workers

Merchant MarineMerchant Marine OfficersMerchant Marine Sailors

1875-59

1875-60

1875-61

1875-64

1875-65

1875-67

1875-68

1875-70

.41


'Railroads 1875-71Brake OperatorsConductorsLocomotive EngineersShop TradesSignal Department WorkersStation AgentsTelegraphers, Telephoners, and

Tower OperatorsTrack Workers

Driving OccupationsIntercity BusdriversLocal Transit BusdriversLocal TruckdriversLong Distance TruckdriversRoute DriversTaxicab Drivers

1875-72

Parking Attendants 1875-73

TelephoneTelephone Craft OccupationsCentral Office CraftDccupationsCentral _Office Equipment InstallersLine Installers and Cable SplicersTelephone and PBX Installers and

RepairersTelephone Operators

Automobile Service OccupationsAutomobile Body RepairersAutomobile MechanicsTruck and Bus MechanicsAutomobile Service AdvisersAutomobile Parts Counter WorkersGasoline Service Station AttendantsAutomobile Painters

1875-81

18T&82

Air-Conditioning, Refrigeration, 1875:83and Heating Mechanics

Appliance Repairers 1875-84

Boat-Motor Mechanics 1875-85Motorcycle Mechanics

Bowling-Pin-Machine Mechanics 1875-86

Diesel Mechanics 1875.8a.

Electric Sign Repairers 1875-89

Farm Equipmeitf: Mechanics 1875-90

Maintenancericians, 1875-91Industrial Machwery Repairers,Millwrights

Jewelers, Wattlr Repairers 1875-93


Locksmiths 1875-94

Piano and Organ Tuners and 1875-95,Repairers

Shoe Repairers 1875-96

Vending Machine Mechanics 1875-93

Nursing Occupations 1875-106Registered NursesLicensed Practical NursesNursing Aides, Orderlies,

and Attendants

Social Workers, Social Service 1875-119Aides

Floral-Designers 1875-124

Pfibtographers, Photographic 1875-128Laboratory Workers

Hotels 1875-152Bellhops and'Bell CaptainsFront Office ClerksHousekeepers and AssistantsManagers and Assistants

Post Office 1875-155Postal ClerksMail Clerks

Orders for copies of this leaflet or for priced pubdcationsshould be sentto any regional office of the Bureau of LaborStatistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

1603 JFK Federal BuildingGovernment CenterBoston, Mass, 02203

9th Floor, 230 S:Dearborn StreetChicago. III. 60604

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