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ED 095 226
AUTHORTITLE
INSTITUTION
PUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
OD 014 482
Winard, Arno I.; Miller, ReneeSupplementary Report on the Low-Income Population:1966 to 1972. Current Population Reports, ConsumerIncome; Series P-60, No. 95.Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, Md. PopulationDiv.Jul 7475p.Superintendent of Documents, Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($1.30)
MF-$0.75 HC-$4.20 PLUS POSTAGEAge Differences; *Census Figures; *Demography;*Family Characteristics; Family Income; FamilyStructure; Industry; *Low Income; *National Surveys;Occupational Surveys; Racial Differences; ResidentialPatterns; Rural Urban Differences; Sex Differences;Work Experience
This report presents detailed social and economicstatistics for the population of the United States below thelow-income level in 1966 to 1972, based on the March 1967 to 1973Current Population Surveys. The data in this report were extractedfrom a series of tabulations prepared for and previously distributedby the Office of Economic Opportunity. Data are presented here on thelow-income status of persons cross-classified by age, family status,race, sex, work experience, occupation, industry, major activityduring survey week, income of a specified type, andmetropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence. Data are also shown onresidence in the ten Federal regions and on the characteristics ofpersons between 100 and 125 percent and 125 and 150 percent of thelow-income level. It should be noted that the low-income concept hasbeen developed in order to identify, in dollar terms, a minimum levelof income adequacy for families of different types in keeping withAmerican consumption patterns. Consequently, it is an overallstatistical yardstick which reflects the different consumptionrequirements of families of different size, taking into accountfamily composition and farm-nonfarm residence. (Author/JM)
CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS
Consumer Income
Series P-60, No. 95
Issued July 1974
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ONTHE LOW-INCOME
POPULATION:1966 TO 1972
US DE PAeTMFNrpc Ht AI. T4EDUCATION; hE,T APENATIONAL INS ti TtiTE OF
EIDUCPTiONSCOPE OF INTEREST NOTICE
The ERIC Facility has assignedthis document forto: soI n our judgement, this documentis also of interest to the clearing-houses noted to the right. Index-ing should reflect their specialpoints of view.
OFDoti01" v0 e
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE4v
ieleW 13
te 44. rt.Social and Economic Statistics Administration 1 1
e,::z24r.--4.
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS SA l'14) ..., ,..#.
4rArts of
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Frederick B. Dent, SecretarySidney L. Jones, Assistant Secretary
for Economic Affairs
Social and Economic Statistics AdministrationEdward D. Failor, Administrator
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Vincent P. Barabba, DirectorRobert L. Hagan, Deputy Director
Daniel B. Levine, Associate Directorfor Demographic Fields
POPULATION DIVISIONMeyer Zitter, Chief
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared by P.rno I. Winard, Chief, and Renge Miller,Poverty Statistics Program, Population Division. Statistical assistancewas provided by Vivian M. Simmons and Antoinette F. Weir. Overalldirection was provided by Murray S. Weitzman, Assistant Division Chief(Socioeconomic Statistical Programs). Population Division.
SUGGESTED CITATION
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 95, "Sup-plementary Report on the Low-Income Population: 1966 to 1972," U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1974.
For sale by the Superintendent of Dot.uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, and U.S.Department of Commerce, district offices, $1.30. Current Population Reports issued in Series P-20, P-23, P-25,P-26, P-27, P-28 (summaries only), P-60, and P-65 are sc!d as a single consolidated subscription at $30.50 p.1.-; year,$7.75 additional for foreign mailing.
CONTENTSPage
IntroductionRelated materials
Current Population SurveyDecennial census 2Comparability of data in detailed tables of this report with corresponding data in series P-60,
Nos. 86 and 91 3
DETAILED TABLES
Table1. Age --Persons by low-income status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1971 42. Work experience of persons Persons 14 years old and over and 22 to 64 years old by low-income
status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 63. Work experience of family members -All wives, family members other than head or wife, and
unrelated individuals and those 22 to 64 years old by low-income status and race: 1966 to 1972 . 104. Occupation and class of worker of longest jobPersons 14 years old and over and 22 to 64 years old
who worked last year by low-income status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 145. Major activity in survey week and employment status--Persons 14 to 21 years old by low-income
status, age, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 166. Industry of longest job -Wage and salary workers 14 years old and over by low-income status,
sex, and race: 1971 and 19727. Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residencePersons by low-income status, sex of head, and race:
1971 and 1972 238. Income of a specified type as percent of total incomeFamilies and unrelated individuals by
low-income status and sex and race of head: 1971 and 1972 259. Alternate low-income levels--Persons by family status and race: 1969 to 1972 29
10. selected characteristics of persons, families, and unrelated individuals by alternate low-incomelevels, sex, and race: 1969 to 1972 30
I I. Ten Federal regionsPersons by low-income status, family status, and race: 1969 to 197" 37
APPENDICES
Appendix ADefinitions and explanations 44Comparability of data for 1972 and 1971 with those for previous yearsNonresponses and allocations 53Other limitations of the data 54Source and reliability of the estimates 57
Appendix B0E0 Tabulation Specifications 62
APPENDIX TABLES
TableA-I. Unrel-ted individuals under 14 years of age by race and sex: 1966 to 1972 44A-2. Changes between 1966 and 1972 in the Consumer Price Index and the average low-income
threshold for a nonfarm family of four 48A-31 Weighted average thresholds at the low-income level in 1972 by size of family and sex of
head, by farm-nonfarm residence 50A-4. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons for 1966-1972 --Total or white 56A-5. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income families for 1966 1972 -Total or white 56A-6. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons for 1966-1972 -Negro 56A-7. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income families for 1966-1972--Negro 57A-8. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income persons for 1966-1972 57A-9. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income families for 1966-1972 57
A-I O. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons in the 10 Federal regions 58A -1 1. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income persons in Federal Regions I to VII and IX . 59A -I 2. Standard errors of estimated percentage" of low-income persons in Federal Regichls VIII and X 59
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON THE LOW-INCOME POPULATION: 1966 TO 1972
This report presents detailed social and e.7.o-nomic statistics for the population of the LIn..tedStates below the low-income level' in 196e, rn1972, based on the March 1967 to 1973 CurrentPopulation Surveys. The data in this reportw,ie extracted from a series of tabulations pre-pared for and previously distributed by theOffice of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Theysupplement the data on the low-income populationalready published in other Series P-60 reports.Financial support for the preparation of thisreport was provided by the Office of AssistantSecretary for Planning and Evaluation, Depart-ment of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Data are presented here on the low-incomestatus of p-rsons cross-classified by age, familystatus, raLe, sex, work experience, occupatic,n,industry, major activity during survey week,income of a specified type, and metropolitan-nonmetropol itan residence. Some of these datahave been included in recent Series P-60 reportson the low-income population; however, this isthe first time that they are being shown as ahistorical series. Data are also shown on resi-dence in the 10. Federal regions' and on thecharacteristics of persons between 100 and 125percent and 125 and 150 percent of the low-incomelevel; these data have not been published inthe P-60 reports. The forthcoming detailed reporton the low-income population based on the March1974 Current Population Survey will includecomparable data for the year 1973.
The data in this report are based on samplesurveys and so caution must be used whenmakingcomparisons. Apparent differences between fig-ures could be the result of sampling variabilityrather than true differences in the population. Seepage 55 for estimates and further explanation ofsampling variability. The sampling errors for
'The low-income threshold for a nonfarm familyof four was $4,275 in 1972, t4,137 in 1971, andt3,317 in 1966. See page 48 for a detailed ex-planation of the low-income definition.
2See page 45 for a listing of the States in-cluded in each region.
the estimated number of persons below the low-income level in each of the 10 Federal regionsare relatively larger than those at the U.S. level.(See tables A-10, A-11, and A-12.)
In analyzing data on the low-income population,the following limitations should be noted. Thelow-income concept has been developed in orderto identify, in dollar terms, a minimum level ofincome adequacy for families of different types inkeeping with American consumption patterns.Based on an analysis of the percent of incomedevoted to food expenditures, an estimate wasdeveloped of the minimum cost at which anAmerican family, making average choices, canbe provided with a diet meeting recommendednutritional goals. Consequently, it is an overallstatistical yardstick which reflects the differentconsumption requirements of families of differentsize, taking into account family composition andfarm-nonfarm residence. Insofar as individualcircumstances or consumption patterns differ, thedollar value of the low-income threshold for agiven family size may not represent the moneyincome required by an individual family to main-tain a level of economic well-being equivalent toother families with similar incomes. For a de-tailed discussion of the low-income concept, seeCurrent Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 91,"Characteristics of the Low-Income Population:1972."
RELATED MATERIALS-
Current Population Survey
Office of Economic Opportunity Tabulations.The tabulations originally prepared for 0E0 basedon the March 1967 to 1973 Current PopulationSurveys contain more detailed cross-classifi-cations by age and other characteristics thanare shown in the consolidated tables presentedin this report. The complete contents of the OEOtables are outlined in appendix B. Following is alist of the tables and the years for which theyare available, as not all of the tables were tabu-lated for each year. Requests for further infor-mation about these tabulations as well as limitedrequests for copies should be made in writingto Chief, Population Division, Bureau of theCensus, Washington, D.C. 20233.
2
LIST OF 0E0 TABLES BY YEARS AVAILABLE
TablesYears
availableTable
1. All Persons by Age, Sex, andFamily StatusRepeated by residence: 1966-72a) Farm-Nonfarm 1969-72b) Metropolitan-Nonmetropolitan 1969-72c) Ten Federal Regions 1969-72
2. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andYears of School Completed
3. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andWork Experience
1966-72
1966-72
4. Persons 14 Years aid Over by Age, 1966-72Sex, and Occupation of Longest Job
5. Persons Under 22 Years by Age, 1966-72Sex, Type of Family, and Educa-tional Attainment of Head
6. Persons 14 to 21 Years by Educa- 1966-72tional Attainment, Age, Sex, andMajor Activity in Survey Week
7. Persons in Families by Age, Sex, 1971-72Educational Attainment, WorkExperience, and Occupation ofLongest Job of Head
8. Families and Unrelated Individ- 1971-72uals by Type and Amount ofIncome and Sex of Head
9. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andIndustry of Longest Job
1971-72
Note: Tables 1 through 9 (without residence;are repeated for:
Between 100 and 125 Percent ofthe Poverty Level 1969-72
Between 125 and 150 Percent ofthe Poverty Level 1969-72
Current Population Survey Reports. A detailedexplanation of the low-income concept appears inCurrent Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 28,"Revision in Poverty Statistics, 1959 to 1968."
A detailed description of the original povertyindex developed by the Social Security Adminis-tration appears in the following articles by MollieOrshansky published in the Social SecurityBulletin: "Counting the Poor: Another Look atthe Poverty Profile,' January 1965, and in "Who'sWho Among the Poor: A Demographic View ofPoverty," July 1965.
Data on poverty based on the original povertydefinition appear in Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No, 54, "The Extent of Poverty inthe United States: 1959 to 1966." Comprehensivedata and analysis of poor persons and familiesbased on the revised definition of poverty appearin Series P-60, No. 68, "Poverty in the UnitedStates, 1959 to 1968;" P-60, No. 76; "24 MILLIONAMERICANS, Poverty in the United States: 1969;"P-60, No. 81, "Characteristics of the Low-IncomePopulation: 1970;" P-60, No. 86, "Characteristicsof the Low-Income Population: 1971;" and P-60,No. 91, "Characteristics of the Low-IncomePopulation: 1972." Data based on the CurrentPopulation Survey showing the distribution offamilies and persons, by income levels, appearin the other P-60 reports, the latest of whichis P-60, No. 90, "Money Income in 1972 ofFamilies and Persons in the United States.'
Decennial Census
Low-income data collected in the 1970 Censusof Population appear in a number of publishedreports. Selected characteristics of low-incomepersons, families, and unrelated individuals,for the United States, each of the States, counties,standard metropolitan statistical areas, urbanizedareas, and urban places are presented in 1970Census of Population, Vol. I, Characteristics ofthe Population, chapter C, "General Social andEconomic Characteristics." Statistics on low-income status in 1969 of persons and familiesby detailed characteristics, including cross-classifications by race, age, weeks worked,education, type of family, etc., are presentedin 1970 Census of Population, Vol. I, Character-istics of the Population, chapter D, "DetailedCharacteristics," for some or all of the followingareas: United States, each of the States, andstandard metropolitan statistical areas of 250,000inhabitants or more. Further information iscontained in Data Access Description No. 29,Collection, Evaluation, and Processing SeriesCEP-7, "Low- Income Data from the 1970 Census."
Cross-classifications of low-income status in1969 for persons and families by detailed social,economic, and housing characteristics are pre-sented in 1970 Census of Population, Volunie IIReport PC(2)- 9A, "Low- Income Population."Tables are generally for the United States,although some are repeated for regions andmetropolitan- nonmetropolitan residence. Data onthe social, economic, and housing characteristicsof the low-income population residing in poverty
areas in the 50 largest cities can be found in 1970Census of Population, Volume 11 Report PC(2)-9B,"Low- Income Areas in Large Cities," and Supple-mentary Report PC(S1)-56, "Selected Character-istics of the Population in Low-Income Areas ofLarge Cities."
Statistics on income in 1969 collected in theCurrent Population Survey of March 1970 differfrom data for that year from the 1970 censusdespite the fact that the same basic concept wasused in both instances. In the first place, thesurvey data exclude the institutional population andmost members of the Armed Forces living on post.These two groups were included in the census.Secondly, college students are generally enumer-ated at their own homes in the Current PopulationSurvey and classified as family members, butwere enumerated at their college residence in thecensus, usually as secondary individuals. Thirdly,the small group of Current Population Surveyenumerators was more experienced and had moreintensive training and supervision than the largenumber of temporary census enumerators andmay have more often obtained more accurateanswers from respondents. Furthermore, ap-proximately 60 percent of the households wereself-enumerated in the 1970 census. Moreover,income data in the Current Population Survey arebased on responses to separate questions on eighttypes of income, as well as responses to additionalyes-no circles within 3 of these questions, whereasin the census only six questions were used,
In general, the number of persons and familiesbelow the low- income level reported in the censusis higher than that reported in the Current Popu-
3
lation Survey. The number of poor persons in the1970 census was 27.1 million compared to 24.1million derived from the March 1970 CurrentPopulation Survey. The comparable figures forlow-income families were 5.5 million and 5.0million, respectively.
For a more detailed discussion of the overallincome differences between the 197C -.ensus andthe Current Population Survey, see "PreliminaryEvaluation of 1969 Money Income Data Collectedin the 1970 Census of Population and Housing"by Mitsuo Ono, American Statistical AssociationProceedings of the Social Statistics Section, 1972.
Comparability of Data in Detailed Tablesof This Report With Corresponding Data
in Series P-60, Nos. 86 and 91
Data in this report differ from those in otherSeries P-60 reports in the following ways:
1, In this report, persons are classified bytheir own race, rather than by the race of thefamily head.
2. Data for income years 1969 and 1970are based on 1960 census population controlsand therefore differ from those shown in P-60,Nos. 86 and 91, which are b?sed on 1970 censuspopulation controls.
Also note that the source of the underlying0E0 tabulation for each detailed table in thisreport is listed on page 61 of appendix B.
4
Table 1. AGE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 197245,3,era 6 .9.60618 '4,4 ot %latch 40 t16 1.3 loa %ear 111 t attles exclude tinrel at ed 10,1t,1419nis tinder 14 4,enr0 9141.
11111,..., 11,11,111 11It1 a41,41449444 d 11.6,1 1,09 vs 1,1947 I 11 b.11.1,
t nder
14 .001
:I 1,4 5
Age, Vv.,. and 6,,97'2' I 1971' i 1974,
ALI 11,711,9j
1
Roth Sexes 4
7 9 1 8 1 . 0 0 1.
. 0 1 ,4 1,1 41 202, 149
3 yearsyear,
./4,. J4.,II.; 1,...,,
10; ,,,,,,, 1,7 j
,,4.9,4aI,,;,,,,
. 31,1 11 31,8:10 1 :12.8331.'1, N,...11,. . 4,305 j 8 .231, I 4.043
. 21.744 . 22,113 1 j 31,27469.731 .49,130 1 17,9341,!,I I I, ; 23,33 1 j
level.r 1-
1999 1,468 1,.,7 14644 1972' 1471. 19 711 19.49 19611 19 67
1
144 811 1417 .610 19 34 77
10, 127 10 1st, I'll,i
' 19.1,340 11, 190 15.559 21,281,
11.187 1,677 1,7711 1,757, 1,617
. .6.680 55, 111 : 5 1.3 78 .13,7,1. 3,001 3,061 : 4,0111 1,34'.
'12 .4196 32,961 : 12,7144 j 32.316 .1,791 .1,063 4.97,1 j .1.6947.9 10 7,7,04 7.60 1 7.314, 1,111 1.1447 1,120 1 1.1.61
20,572 211,1 11 : 19,4 32 19.061 2.8 12 2 ,5111 : 2,413
11.131 11,675: 12.0 74. 12 110 ji jj.r.j. 1'72" 7 1,642
22,4'34 I .629 1,674 1,651 ' I ,1;.1144:13 1 J 1,...c,1 j 1.4,444t3 , 4, ,s7m 9,709 41.3 24 9 ,31.4 : 917 924
sto to 61 viIr4. h 912 : 4,779 4, III 8.282 4,123 7,414 0 7.881 1.115 1,104 1,117 I 1.044
. 20.117 19,427 ; 19,211 : 15...,1 14 ,414 10 .2.i 4 17,937 3,734 lll 4,7119 1,747
,
.
truter .1 yea r 4 ,3 to 5 vvars ...
.19,0.41 , 99.132 j '14,220
3,361 5, 142 1,715 . 423
4 1.79 6 93,714 111,1 94 ,44,7414, 10,479 10.292
937 017, 824.6,15 7 6, 311,, 423 897
22 to Il vo4ra.
II And 15 ve4r8..16 to 21 ;46,8.. . ... 11 , 168 10.432 111,2 ,. 1 ; '1..1" ,1 ....II ' q 3149 9071 : 1.1.12 1,3112" 1,177 : 1 ..5321::
.. 1.216 .1.189 j 1 '195 I 1,1125 3,9-11 3,1839 3,723. 15,534, 19,206 ; 18,71', 16,769 111,760 ; 16,64 7 j 16,190 2,430 .. 1417 4 2.521 2 ,3897171 ':
,.,.,44 ! 27, 197 2,, .42,, 26.256 . 21,409 1,611 1.906 J 1,844 ' I .17',711 j
563 317 j 571 j
... 11,1,14 11,213 11,171 11,941 10,4/17 : 10,832 j 10,73 1 : 62., s2/4,
1,004, 1,742 ' 7,7)5 1, 7411 .1,631 j '1,552 : 1,178 330 353 :
.312324 j
329',III . 1,4164 4 3,916 3,091, 1,75) ; 3, 734t 3,719 391 1.14 j 39565 veara and VOr . 4, 1 III 8,172 ; 6,165 : 0.06'2 7,955 , 7,472 7,774 1,1196 1,211111 1,532 1,626
.
Velma le ,
106,168 ; 10.5,294 , 111 1,2 18 103,037 147,4419 J 100.861 49,637 11.256 1 1.811 ' 14,6374 .
1966
25,377 27,775 28,510
1,683 1,915
1,876 2,0815,145 5,3761,1131 1,1592,504 2.7424,567 4,9481,722 1.7571,011 1,1111,076 1,298
4,632 5,388
2,6462,2155,7541,2272,5665,2591,9061,0671,3355,114
10,793 11.813 12,225
858 993
9.12 1,0352,530 2,703
394 551
1,116 1,11111,61.1 1,911
1,49 669375 ! 392392 475
1,613 1,1167
1,0401,0822,839
5831,1222,061
. 755402492
1,849
13,978 . 1-4,578 15,951 16,295
793Inter 3 yea,- 5,4014 : 3,146 5,235 3 103 5,124 ; 1,23 7 5,172. 8517102.1.11 1,
825 .3 to 5 year8.. . . .. 1,941 , 4,77 5,2 10 5..168 5,715 ; 5,012 ' 6,013
...778 859' 611
425
6 I. 13 years..1 1 And 15 vears ....
.. 13,31,4 : 15,627 16,131 16,147 16,401' 114,115 15,916 2 ,3311 2,175777 2,160 2,298 2,96'163
.... 1,1.59 1,0.15 3.973 :1,902 3,8:18 : 3,7 1.1 3,609 516 526 55916 to 21 yoarst .. . . . .. I 11,1:26 I 11,402 1 I ,4102 11-1,772 141,632 j 16,111 10,010 1.62.0'1' 1,625 1 1,405 j 1,373 1,35422 to 14 yearm .... 31,1181 30,423 29,7211 29,183 i 28,392 : 28,122 ' 27,098 3,157 3,155 . 2,941 i 2,710 2,87315 to 5 1 year, ...... . .. .. 12,203 ; (2,142 12,1162 I 11,1172 I 11.414 : 11,149,1 11,148 1,003 1,1152. 1 0.13 . 1,017 1,073
5,272 5,255 j 7. ,178 3,4177 .1,9 77 .1,466 5o7 612 63/8 : 594 63760 to 61 vears., . ......... 1,799 1.711 1,318 j 1,423 4,328 4.2 14 : 4.172 J 735 7.73, 719 692 64565 7ear5 and over . I 11,777 11.555 11.1190 10,637 . 10.591 10,3771 10,153 2,6.12 2,983' 3,154 3 ,162 . 3,019
1
! i
w11171:1
.
1
,
84th Sexesi
i1
.
Total._ . . . ....... , 160.074 179,267 1 177.341 j 175,232 173,575 172,016 i 170,202 16.21-, 17,766 , 17,145j 16,662 17,361
1,091 I °74 9349160,742 1, 4,845 j 4,006 4,6822 8,915 : 9,315955 , 1,1118,5611 4,0411 1 4 , 284 9,766 j 10 136 10,39 7 1,1183 1,419 1
'1 t44 13 year, , 27,4121 : 27,833 j ""II 28,090 27,916 : 27,677 2,751 3,010 ' 2,992 2,827 3,0911.1 and 15 v.4:48. 7,044 7,4163 j 6,035 i 123 6,711 6,158 6,366 697 667 647 69516 to 21 years .. 14,588 19,251 , 18,3111 I 17,764 17, 162 17,236 16,616 1,700 1.965 1,590 1,651.. .....22 to .14 year8.. 51 1:6, '19,1172 . .141, I 17 .17,367 . 3.360 3,512 3.338 2,976 3.117..... .. .13,206.15 10 51 Vl,r, ,i .01, 20.971 1 29.1,21 . 20.739 211,516 211298 24.0.16 . 1 .71771,717 1,00 1,130 . 1,157 1,21955 t0 31 v4,31-a.. . . 9,186 9,117 j 9,060 4 49)11 4,74', 5,616 j 4,19.1 714 6113 7.1960 to 44 v.....,,..4 7,974 j 7,64,6 j 7,162 7,717 7,2112 ' 7,180 917 . 458 85465 year. and over.. ... 18.310 18,1417 , 17,651 17,370 17,1162 111,751 16,5141 3.072 3.605 3,44.1 .1,052 3,1139
, .
Male :.
.'
4 ,
j4
7,135 7,357 6,997 7,221....... 87,143 47,27,4 80,27) : 03,044 . 14,1, no 83.52 1 : 82,65" 6,1156
Under 3 Year, 7,311, 1,3112 1 1,544 j 1,1115 1,146 ' 1.563 jjj 1,781 481 145 j 4613 t,4 I yea,- .. ... 1,302 .1,379 1, 130 ! 1,716 1,997 j 5,186 1 5,326 .141
75,74741
531 ;:!'1"11 5646 to 13 year, 13,163 ; 13,741 11,197 1 1,24 1 11,316 , 11,263 ; 11,1147, 1,41,1 1,540 1,523 1,16754 1,4901 1 And I'. 4,804 ..... .. . ... 3,613 3,595 3,526 3,170 1,1113 j 3.323 I 3.228
41,647 .338 351329
9.163 4,901 j 4,1711 8,262 j 4,163 j 7,4117 872 756 604 75922 to 11 Yea, 26,296 21,473 25,111 j 21,49 1 23,454 23, 13 7 j 23,1131 7,33'' 1,460 1,169 1,224
.139
7.27717723
10,134 j 111.117 10.10:1 j 10,1121 9,9044 1 9,418 I '1,711 417 I 47255 to 36 year. ....... .
I .11;" 1,11,1 1,111 ; 1,270 1,2116 ; .1.137 ; 1,067 264 2772323.11,3,571 1 3,325 3.462 j 3, 113 j 3,380 245 352 296
65 yea ra 111,1 over. 7,370 ' 7,111 7,17o j 7,301 7,2,11 : 7.21" i 7,111 452 1,1137 1,273 1,333 1,324
Tot417. . ......l'nder 3 1,14r,....
1 1 .091 11 year0. .
42 to 11 year8. ..15 to 1 1 1444, ..
tr, Voarg1I, 131 year
95 year.; and over.. . .
ji I
1
j I J
i(42, 162 91.971 4,1.073 ; "0,136 89,302 84,4 73 1 .47,578 9,5 14 10,3 13 111,120 9,657
1,136 1,2411 .1,316 1 .1,202 .1,232 1,351 ; 1,56.1 1741 500 174 .1251,141 1.141 ' 1,339 I 4,115 .1,769 : 1,949 5.072 477 5114 465 145
11,933 11,229 13,636 j 13,719 11,169' 13,733 j, 13,391 1,3311 1,512 1..171 1,3583,150 3,130 3,391 I 3372 3,291 j 3,2211 1 21,113 :121 310 329 3269 ,4441 9,747 0,1441 9 .,6 6 41,1411 4 0 76 4,711 1,015 1,14') 916 903
27.000 26,561 26,1123 21,601 23, 179 24,704 21,536 2,1121 2,1152 2,023 1,806111,878 111,458 14,019 10,731 1,1,607 10,1110 111,335 682 751 1401 696
1,420 1,774 .1,7.17 1,679 1,194 1,5114 .1,117 131 150 132 4,11
-1,211,1 1.27.1 1,121 1,037 3,932 3,1176 I 3,804 373 365 565 34410,7611 111,576 10,214 4,'l10 9,7.1 9 ,5 70 9,372 2.219 2,564 2,710 2,719
See 1344,94.44: 11 .nd of 0.0514..
10,132
470
549
1,601
337891
1,892
747
472559
2,615
922
1,0462,672597
1,5583,004
1,089719
024
3,520
18,989
1,133
1,209
3,165706
1.8163,3171,165833
1,001
4,646
1,007
1,1322,913
6281,4443,1971,151685843
3,265
19,247
1,191
1,2603,418
7651,651
3,4701,294803
1,0374,357
7,902 8,166
600587
1,597331
765
1,373467
287
354
1,541
17,076
531
622
1,568365
1,051
1,9446975466.17
3,105
599621
1,728367727
1,409530309355
1,521
11,071
591640
1,691,
386924
2,062764494682
2,836
Table 1. AGE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued10u1sts,-, III .11 sts 1,1 ..114 ..1 r1 I 0. 15 tr. .511 1 .,,- 1 t tql Hst vIdto...11, 11 v1,11, ti .
.: I 431 ..1 s 11st,
01,1,11,
1,10 is
4131,
5
I1.1.,u . ... 11111,111 le..5.1
1- 1- i nI,
*
1721171 1,1711 140,1 l'..18 1.1117. 1shi. 1.72' 1.711 1.71, 1...,.. 1,,,,, 1 1.1,7 istoi
7 ..II, ,,s, 2'1 .2".'II' 7.7- 1.1 7.'3:5.1,
7.1,11
.::712144-i01 '. :
0,1107
1 17. 1,471 I ,r,,,h1.6.1 1,71. 1,771 1 7h..1 ."' hIt.1. 10.1 :
1, .1,
'I
I. :16' ,.,°' i 1,4110:1 1.701 1 ,h7:.":1' 1 ,'7::2, 1.'62 1 '2.113 2 , s'2,134:44;1.31: I 1,3 15
1,1 11.1.1, 1.113 1,1172 1..112 I ,...1 61 112., I..' I. 7 11,, 1 II. 1H
1 6711.1,1:::
2. s2. 2,11,2 2 4,7440 l ,',: 1 'II I 071. 7.3 S.3'6.1.11 h.110 ,0.1 1,1.2 1, I,5 I .3.1", , 1,2.7 1,350' 1,057
'2:0171
2.171 2,1 11 2,1,1 2,0 PI 1,7 1
..';:i"I'
lh 11
h:1702.-1.2'i71I. 60.1
00.1 41,1 00, I MIS .. V/ i 2.1774 h Is h Is 21'. 217, 251
1,5.1 I , 12'3 1.171 1,371 1.311 1,311:1.311 , ',WI ,,5, ' 71',750
1
i 1
!
I
1,1,717 P., 1.3 111,22. 1.1.1,,i
1 II 321 .470 : 383!
1,0.1
7.5712 ms;1127 n',I.
.37
.7503 , m ,3 1 32' 1 'I 1.
11 its! I , v.,:-. .
.
.. I
2,1.1'
1,335 1.250 1,211 1,14., I .1.17 : I.... iH.
2,231 7,17. ' 3,4151 ,s7 '4.1 1.1 1514! 211 ' 2.1
II 1
..112 17 :
I/..
1
N0,:. ,II,
21,
5.1 1 :1 ! , .171,
,77 s7 6., I.. 1 . 271 I
11.1
2:11:::127.t
:2:1:II'
77
.21,1::
..... 72 !
22 11. II .,, 3r-,. ... ,s7
.2.7,7". I,
' ', 1.1 i.15 .1'32 . s3, i II..
II k
123
17,117 )171
1,7 14, 3.1
1.1.1 ,
'fl 70 1.11 ''1
I
3 to '. ,,,,-, ... . 1
7011
12.1"''
711s
12 ,...2 11,..,4 ! 11.761 11,337 11.35. , 11.1:711:2P Ii1: 1,151 4,2.3 1,321, 1,11 1,:..2',71,.I. 1.722
77, . 4j,. :
712 .22 !
1.1
.21,..31,
1116 : .3) 0144 III,671 .. 1 572 '
31:1
253
.:111,71, .',.., : I ,,i',177'31
1,S.
1,1 ::'17- 2,2 ,....3,1
6 4,, 13 ....,..1 I and 15 year.. ...
2.157 1.1S5 : 7,271 2.241, 2.214 , 2,1.5 , 2,1151
3,5.12 3. 1.111 1,290 3.:211{, 3.120 , 3,1.5 1 3,1143 1 1,11.11 1 ,'1"1"1.131 1. 10% 1 . 10 1 1,341 1,1'1'2'1'1 i 1,262 1 1,2..11
-451 535 534 . ',21 77- 155 1 212'2.: :Ill'll
n 1..'1.1,',
I..1311
1.2/ 2'111 I , :11,1271121/
1,11:1:6,,
1,1177
1,151 1,165 1,153 1,137. 1,1,1 ' 1.1.111 1,11.11 311.1)3 Ihl 177
2..1,:i. '2:47:::1' 11, .50
11
35,1 34.1 ' 3 15sIA,. I 121 I, I IS 15. L
171 1
:111
1-,,o,11 I :31
3IS11.1 171 UCH
..11.1
7, 71. I 7 "1 1.7 As.] 121. H. 3..1 1111
12,11 17.2
1211
153
t ,1 1 °stn.], 15,4 rnp .r.011. 4,, rt 1t, ,..1 tor. S... lags "I tor 'Sri 4014 ('fl,I30115 ,15,1 sp...., I 1 Ind 15 y-ars .
SOTE 1/3I,, t is. -Ind 1.1.15 Is 1.1,% 41,. 11, I., HI,. .:s, 15.1 r ..1 I an Is- 1.1tnrl In l'urrt.r11.P.ptil .1, lip )04 , 1 r1, 0., S8 31,1 .1. II, 74... .1. S., ,111,1 "1 , I ,,.1 .
6
Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972
1
kirk experience of person
ALL RACES
14 years and over
Total
19721
1154,466
XorkNd 98,917Full "me 77,703
50 to 52 weeks . 55,21140 to 49 weeks 6,490 1
27 to 39 weeks 5,10126 weeks or less 10,901
Part time 21,214 '
50 to 52 weeks 6,96140 to 49 weeks .. 2,08127 to 39 weeks . . 2,41126 seeks or leas 9,762
Did not cork ...... .... ... ....... 54,571Main reason for not working:
Ill or disabled. 6,873Keeping house 26.062Going to school . 12,320Unable to find cork .
1,042
Other ... . . .. .... 958
Retired. . .. . 7,306
In Armed Forces. 978
22 to 64 years
Total 103,246
Worked 76,881Full time. 66,989
30 to 52 week., ...... 50,934 1
40 to 49 weeks 5,60327 to 39 weeks I, 3,97626 weeks or less 6,475
Part time 9,89250 to 52 weeks 3,77640 to 49 weeks 1,121
27 to 39 weeks. 1,23426 weeks or less 3,760 :
Old not work 25,514Main reason for not working:
i
Ill or disabled , 3,609 ,
Keeping house . 19,304 1
Going to school 711 1
Unable to find cork .586 I
Retired. 772 1
Other1In Armed Forces :3541 1
1111111.T.
14 years and over
Total. 73,571
Worket 58,194Full time 50,082
50 to 52 weeks .. 38,23441 to 49 weeks 4,022
27 to 39 weeks 2,749
26 weeks or less 5,076
Part time 8,11250 to 52 weeks 2,70740 to 49 weeks 744
27 to 39 weeks R79
26 weeks or less 3,782
Did not cork 14,298Main reason for not working:
111 or disabled. 2,896Going to school 5,744Unable to fled work 1 458
Retired 4,814Other 487
In Armed Forces. I 978
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers in thousands Persons ad of March of the following year)
152,034 )48,241 145,304 142,497 140,102 137,540 16,393
97,212 95,447 94,760 93,374 91,383 89,2121 6,32975,555 74,574 74,403 73,9831 72,352 70,6991 3,89853,220 51,997 52,733 52,435 51,836 50,175 1 1,5246,284 6,867 6,840 6,565 6,181 6,285 3215,243 5,264 4,544 4,507 4,473 4,294 45310,708 10,445: 10,287 1 10,476 9,862 9,946 1,59021,657 21,373 : 20,357 19,391 19,032 10,513 2,4317,244 6,814 6,737 6,383 6,340', 0,113 6132.148 2,160 1,911 1,939 1,639, 1,664 1922,515 2,471 2,431 2,116 2,171' 1,929 2719,750 9,929 9,279 8,952 8,882 8,807 1,355
53,631 51,120 49,383 48,095 47,651 47,357 10,034
6,256 : 6,257 ' 5,792 4,899, 5,212 4,848 2,37626,320 25,366 25,267 25,655. 25,685 26,095 3,91311,954 . 11,042 1 10,483 10,0591 9,745, 9,607 2,0181,093 795 : 490 493', 563 542 326
1,059 ', :
7 ' 669 1 7,351351 6,988 , 6,446 6,2641,177
225
6 948 1
1,191 1,164 1 1,161 1,02H 1,0681 971 30
101,617 1 99,629: 97,893 96,0081 94,425
75,505 1 74,560 : 73,347 72,028' 70,552
65,288 1 64,569 1 63,950 63,021 1 61,617
49,368 1 48,302 1 48,902 48,241 1 47,554
5,541 1 6,0471 5,938 5,7241 5,349
4,142 1 4,197 , 3,502 3,593' 3,542
6,237 1 6,024 : 5,609 5,463, 5,17010,217 1 9,990 , 9,397 9,008, 8,935
3,921 1 3,6511 3,499 3,360: 3,4461,178 1 1,133 1 994 1,070'; 884
1,311 1 1,295 , 1,231 1,0941 1,102
3,807 1 3,911 3,673 3,482, 3,504
25,085 1 24,061 23,584 23,095'
1
3,255 , 2,9701 2,69919,364 18,936 1 111,995
620 ' 519 474
559 391 1 227
664 :619 j 1,245 1,190
1,026 1 1,010'
ITotal
---
1971' 1971 1969 1968 1967 , 1966 197211
f
2,255118,981!
489.241 1
93,164 )
69,09560,20346,1565,4413,3975,2088,8923,323
982981
3,60623,249
8,672 I
4,272
3,0011,3351271
3461,04',
1,271360110
16(1
6364,377
2,3961 2,322 1,29719,143 19,259 2,452
4611 536 154
249, 284 204
.(1,0281 763 847123
148
962 884, 860, 821 21
72,4691 70,592 69,027 67,608 : 66,518 65,310 6,094
57,303 1 56,265' 55,700 55,095 54,412 53,391 3,29348,8901 48,176 47,875 47,676 46,997 46,156 2,307
36,868', 36,193, 37,055 37,099 36,695 36,164 1,0774,036, 4,311 4,150 3,935 3,756 3,900 2202,851 , 2,8511 2,235 2,104 2,168 1,958 274
5,135'' 4,822 4,435 4,538' 4,358 4,234 7368,412 ' 8,089' 7,825 7,419 7,415 7,235: 9862,829. 2,790, 2,684 2,646 2,562 2,581 260
802:. 735 1 684 655 570 587 85893 i 876 ; 882 755 809 702 113
3,888 3,688 1 3,576 3,363 3,454 3,365 52813,975 13,162 : 12,166 11,484 11,039. 10,948 2,771
.
, 2,779 1 2,706 I 2,481 I 2,155 2,215 2,239 9295,455 4,993 1 4,658 1 4,323 4,094 4,092 958
444 , 373 I172 195 239' 191 145
: 4,65011 1
9 4,857 4,811 4,491 4,427 ft.622
: 647 0 ' 109
1 1,191 : 1,164 1 1,161 1,028 1,0671 971 30
17,197 16,981 16,288
6,836 6,716 6,469
4,035 3,957 3,860
1,682 1,624 1,671
304 393 380
421 ! 407 3751,628 1,533 1,434
2,801, 2,759 1 2,608
830 781 759
212 188 179
302 319 242
1,456 1 1,471 1,427
10,585 10,194 9,748
2,316 2,5174,277 4,0471,801 1,699
347 2521,295
248)1
1
680 1,737
76 . 71 71
1971' 1970
8,892
,5543,0851,463
268
3211,0341,469
495127
177
670
4,294
1,209 1,1652,481 2,358
123 119
210 143
137 )134
304
43 40
6,476 6,481
3,581 1.4922,388 2,3431,166 1,130216 242239 237767 734
1,193 1,150342' 328106 83128 139616 600
2,819 2,917
956
830
138
770
125
76
Below liw-income level
1--1969 1 1968
2,345
3,893
1,596
177
8,564 8,027 8,376 i 9,114
,4333,0161,421
333329933
1,417434112207665
4,090
1,059783125
949
71
4,297
2,916
1,455
326
208
82,
1,381
434
111
157
675
3,688
1,056
2,169
104
93
263
42
6,204
3,359
2,242
1,181
230
214
618
1,116
297
80
108
631
2,774
993
710
53
1,018
71
16,673 18,403
7,146 7,929
4,480 4,941
2,126 2,271
424 513
451 5021,478 1,5572,666 2,988
827 955
182 214
204 297
1,454 1,5229,463 10,396
1,956 2,242
4,124 4,5721,490 1,514
162 188
1,730 1,881 1,763
64
4,6283,3661,843
361368795
1,2:1
106115609
3,698
9052,348
10284
261
49
6,465
3,7292,6061,459264214670
1,1223716988
5932,672
84663772
1,116
64
1987
7H
5,2183,729
2,034
425
3114
883
1,489
543
121175
649
3,847
9692,479
98
94
208
50
7,090
4,161
2,934
1,664
291
276
7041,226
397
70
116
644
2,852
1968
18,494
8,0855,1192,489
545
540
1,5362,966
894
226
259
1,58710,341
2,0274,6921,645
215
69
9,587
5,5273,9832,160
468
461
895
1,544526
161
147
710
4,006
959
2,528124126
269
55
7,270
4,2812,9831,742
337
277
826
1,298406
99
107
686
2,921
924 947608 64093 77
1,237 1,256
78 69
Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
Work experience 01 person1972.
ALL RACES--1ontinued
Ma)e--Continued
22 to 64 years
Total .
worked 45,897Full time .......... 43,1465
50 to 52 seeks 36,59440 to 49 weeks 3,49427 to 39 weeks. 2,12026 weeks or less. 2,659
Part time 2,03250 to 52 weeks ......... . . 76540 to 49 weeks 26027 to 39 weeks
. . .. 27026 weeks or less . 736
Did not workeaMain rson f. n0 t working:
3,092
Iii or disabled 1,668
Going to scho.,1 367
Unable to (Ina ,,k 248
Retired . 503
Other 305
In Armed Forces ........ 951
Female
14 yearn and over
Total. 89,846
worked 40,723Full time 27,621
50 to 52 weeks. 16.97640 to 49 weeks 2,46827 to 39 weeks 2;35226 weeks or less. ....... 5,825
Part time. .............. ........ 13,10250 to 52 weeks .......... 4,25340 to 49 seeks 1,33727 to 39 weeks 1,53226 weeks or less 5,980
Did not work 4)1 ,173
Malt reason for not working:Ill or disabled 3,977
,ee9,0i house. .......... 26,062Going to school 6,586Unable to find work 584
Retired . 2,492Other ...... 971
22 to 64 years
Total 53,407
Worked 30,983Full time 23,123
50 to 52 weeks 15,34040 to 49 weeks %,10927 to 39 seeks 1,857
26 weeks or less 3 816Port time 7,860
50 to 52 weeks 3,01240 to 49 weeks ........ . 860
27 to 39 weeks 965
26 seeks or less 3,024
Did not 22,425
Main reason for working:111 or disabled 1,942
Keeping house... .......... . 19,3)14
Going to school 343
Unable t,. fled work 3'19
Retired.. 268
Other .... . 230
See footnotes at end of table.
1971. 1970
49,068 48,955
Total
1969
47,139
45,081 44,388 I 43,827
42,983 42,496 42(15234,543 33,965 34,8403,563 3,857 3,6652,251 2,302 1,739
2,625 2,373 1,918
2,098 1,892 1,675001 702. 653
275 203 177
273 , 270 245749 I 634. 597
2,961 2,656 2,351
1,690 1,394 1,289
323 276 256
180 145 51
448 1845 765
409
1,026 1,010 962
79,565
39,!-09
26,6,516,353
2,3412,391
5,57313,244
4,4151,3451,62215,862
39,655
3,47726,3206,300
649
77,649
39,682126,397115,9052,556 1
2,4135,623 :
13,264 l
4,023
1,425 1
1,59516,241 i
37,9671
3 55025,3666
422!
2 4912,28 11 2,579
j
76,277
39,06026,52815,678
2,6902,3095,851
12,532
4,0531,2271,5495,703
37,217
3,312
25,2675,825
319
2,495
52,549 $2,574 50,754
30.42622,30714,8251,9781,8913,6128,11913,120
9061,0363,057
22,123
1,65719,364
298311
213211
30,171 1 29,52222,1)72! 21,798
14,336) 14,0612,190 I 2,2741,894 1,7723,6521 3,6918,098' 7,7242,8691 2,845
931 8161,0241 9663,277! 3,976
21,403: 21,232
1,576! 1,42016,9361 18,995
243 218247 176
401 424
7
1968 1967
1
1966 1 19721 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
46,193 45,409 44,729, 3,189 3,329 3,179 3,009 3,110 3,479 3,711
43,225 42,708 42,027 2,254 2,367 2,278 2,200 2,353 2,724 2,871
41,575 41,025 40,310 1,836 1,869 1,823 1,749 1,994 2,302 2,37134,629 34,174 33,7531 960 1,028 993 1,028 1,282 1,455 1,531
3,479 3,315 3,341: 187 190 203 199 222 261 291
1,664 1,750 1,546' 214 184 199 184 175 218 231
1,805 1,788 1,670 476 465 426 339 313 368 31E
1,650 1,662 1,7171 418 498 455 451 358 422 49E
676 700 702 120 152 133 119 113 148 171
190 156 210 43 59 40 47 29 34 61
191 209 180 61 73 88 68 42 61 51
595 616 625 192 215 196 215 172 180 20E
2,084 1,850 1,861, 916 921 861 768 707 706 771
1,174 1,130 1,144 563 583 537 527 461 476 50:
182 181 187 92 64 66 63 53 48 4f
75 86 62 90 84 62 23 33 40 3E
652 45495
466 (75
103
81
)196 153 159 141 181
884 851 820 21 43 40 42 49 50 5:
71,889 73,584 72,220 10,299 10,721 10,500 10,084 10,208 11,313 11,22)
38.279 36,971 35,821 3,036 3,255 3,223 3,110 3,417 3,768 3,80(
26,307 25,355 24,543 1,590 1,647 1,614 1,618 1,873 2,007 2,13(
15,336 15,141 14,010 457 515 494 490 667 705 741
2,630 2,425 2,485 101 88 152 150 161 222 20E
2,404 2,286 2,336 179 182 170 161 238 227 27:
5,938 5,504 5,712 854 861 799 816 808 853 91(
11,972 11,617 11,278 1,446 1,608 1,609 1,492 1,544 1,761 1,661
3,737 3,757 3,532 353 488 453 462' 456 558 48E
1,285 1,069 1,077 106 106 105 99 112 144 12(
1,361 1,362 1,228 159 173 180 134 116 181 15:
5,589 5,428 5,441 827 840 871 797 860 879 901
36,610 36,613 36,409 7,263 7,466 7,277 6,974 6,791 7,544 7,42(
2,744 2,998 2,609 1,447 1,360 1,457 1,352 1,110 1,318 1,07E
25,656 25,685 26,095 3,923 4,277 4,047 3,893 4,124 4,571 4,691
5,736 5,651 5,516 1,062 972 916 886 853 905 1,00:
298 324 352 181 209 127 124 90 106 131
2,177 1,955 1,837 ( 544116 123
731} 719 614 644 501
49,815 49,015 48,435 5,481 5,562 5,384 5,017 5,268 5,633 5,871
219,803 .7,844 27,067 2,020 2,187 2,156 2,097 2,277 2,493 2,65:
21,446 20,591 19,891 1,166 1,216 1,194 1,167 1,371 1,426 1,60)
13,612 13,380 12,403 378 436 428 429 560 579 63(
2,247 2,035 2,100 84 79 129 129 138 165 171
1,928 1,793 1,850 135 135 129 124 193 166 221
3,659 3,383 3,539 571 558 507 487 480 515 571
7,358 7,254 7,176 854 971 962 929 904 1,066 1,041
2,685 2,747 2,621 240 343 302 315 317 395 35'
882 729 772 66 68 71 64 79 90 9:
994 893 799 163 104 121 88 74 114 9E
2,889 2,986 2,993 444 455 468 461 437 468 50:
21,012 21,171 21,367 3,462 3,376 3,229 2,921 2,992 3,141 3,22
1,183 1,266 1,179 735 625 628 530 444 492 45:
18,982 19,144 19,260 2,452 2,481 2,358 2,169 2,348 2,480 2,521
306 280 350 62 59 52 41 49 50 7:
166 165 202 114 124 81 70 49 54 EC
376 3119 380 f 5'34
110 109 101 66 8:47 52
8
Table r. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
work experience of person
Tatc.1 Below low-income level
1972' 19711 1971) 1969 1969
.
1967 1966 1972' 19711 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
NEGRO
Both Sexes
14 years and over
Total 15,816 15,469 14,637, 14,479 14,091 13,779 13,484 4,530 4,347 4,350 4,056 4,211 4,737 4,911
Worked 9,492 9,483 9,407 9,576 9,587 9,358 9,055 1,714 1,844 1,899 1,945 2,262 2,552 2,751Full time 7,593 7,321 7,321 7.463 7,465 7,236 6,931 967 1,024 1,041 1,103 1,344 1,518 1,681
50 to 52 weeks 5,100 4,711 4,676 4.715 4 765 4,648 4,310 384 400 380 431 613 697 81,40 to 49 weeks 619 680 761 796 790 785 810 70 81 133 112 140 180 19127 to 39 weeks 527 660 619 556 605 538 56U 96 116 115 103 157 160 18126 weeks or 1e8 s 1,346 1,270 1,245 1,396 1,305 1,266 1,251 417 428 413 457 434 486 491
Part time 1,899 2,162 2,086 2,112 2,123 2,122 2,12 747 820 859 841 918 1,034 1,07050 to 52 weeks 590 680 620 672 581 680 687 161 233 216 230 215 320 30140 to 49 weeks 163 171 196 193 215 176 176 64 38 69 61 73 68 8127 to 39 weeks 183 229 228 206 167 198 181 73 90 99 55 59 94 8126 weeks or lees. .... 964 1,074 1,041 1,041 1,160 1,068 1,080 449 458 476 496 571 553 601
Did cot work 6,256 5,919 5,3381 4,824 4,453 4,366 4,363 2,811 2,496 2,444 2,109 1,939 2,175 2,152Main reason for not working!
III or disabled 1,399 1,331 1,257 1,139 922 934 905 759 717 767 656 514 595 581Keeping house 1,864 1,843 1,624 1,554 1,555 1,573 1,564 862 787 669 641 632 757 72iGoing to school . . . ...... .. 2,116 1,935 1,748 I,f66 1,389 1,281 1,350 839 706 705 574 529 532 571Unable to find work ...... . 322 268 219 136 112 167 145 160 115 111 74 59 67 76Retired .
Other.447
108
392151
490 . 430 476 410144{46
112191 165 206 203 190
In Armed Forces 69 67 91 78 51 54 66 5 7 7 2 9 9 6
22 to 64 years
Total 10,204 9,952 9,6891 9,490 9,254 9,107 8,985 2,447 2,401 2,349 2,200 2,306 2,689 2,843
Worked 7,517 7,407 7,373 7,438 7,299 7,206 7,062 1,166 1,263 1,267 1,328 1,476 1,728 1,909
Full time 6.515 6,289 6,270 6,275 6,176 6,051 5,846 753 808 794 842 986 1,152 1,31250 to 52 weeks 4,709 4,370 4,334 4,332 4,366 4,239 3,9551 344 361 359 389 543 608 713
40 to 49 week. 546 604 713 719 668 719 728 63 76 121 106 114 158 169
27 to 39 weeks 437 519 492 442 498 424 474 81 86 83 94 126 117 151
26 weeks or less 827 795 729 782 644 669 688 263 285 230 252 201 268 272
Part time 1,000 1,118 1,103 1,161 1,125 1,155 1,217 411 455 473 485 491 575 594
50 to 52 weeks 399 460 413 463 367 475 472 112 169 151 165 151 223 202
40 to 49 weeks. 104 116 1341 118 146 125 136 39 28 54 43 52 46 64
27 to 39 weeks 113 149 144 127 97 131 116 48 65 69 38 36 70 59
26 weeks or lees 383 393 417 456 515 424 494 209 195 196 243 252 236 268
Did not work 2,625 2,489 2,2321 1,985 1,908 1,855 1,867 1,277 1,132 1,075 871 820 951 934
Main reason for not working:111 or disabled 822 763 7221 580 517 468 470 459 427 439 326 274 309 297
Keeping house 1,381 1,380 1,218 1,201 1,165 1,188 1,190 621 577 500 481 453 545 533
Going to school 121 99 67 55 73 56 74 44 34 35 22 23 20 30
Unable to find work 176 118 :00 58 64 67 67 92 56 54 37 34 40 40
Retired 61 33 30 a
Other 66 95123
)91 86 77 66 (
30 3145 25 33 37 34
In Armed Forces 62 57 84 65 47 46 54 5 5 6 2 9 9 4
1"1.2
14 years and over
Total 7,200 7,041 6,796 6,637 6,456 6,318 6,198 1,661 1,582 1,656 1,544 1,648 1,870 1,950
Worked 5,066 5,092 5,015 5,110 5,101 5,017 4,870 781 831 898 895 1,050 1,224 1,323
Full time 4,299 4,250 4,240 4,317 4,324 4,187 4,064 477 538 562 573 707 832 897
50 to 52 weeks 3,033 2,882 2,881 2,994 3,004 2,930 2,822 209 238 234 267 373 440 519
40 to 49 weeks 370 402 457 459 467 455 487 43 52 82 56 85 103 110
27 to 39 weeks 257 364 319 251 277 264 260 58 69 62 47 62 70 87
26 weeks or lege 639 601 583 613 576 539 494 168 178 164 203 187 216 161
Part time 767 842 774 793 777 830 806 304 293 335 322 344 392 426
50 to 52 week, 194 237 201 203 l',1 241 244 60 71 76 60 57 113 110
40 to 49 weeks 74 66 69 74 61 49 52 28 15 30 31 21 17 30
27 to 39 weeks 63 66 71 91 69 71 54 24 26 33 23 25 29 28
28 weeks or lees 436 473 434 425 476 469 456 192 18^ 196 208 240 233 258
Did not work 2,065 1,882 1,690 1,449 1,304 1,247 1,262 874 751 647 588 636 621
Main reason for not working:111 or disabled 558 530 473 438 348 361 J 290 268 269 252 212 238
22118Going to school 993 870 782 679 588 530 '71 405 323 331 262 215
Unable to find work 133 96 98 46 46 67 39 49 37 43 23 26 'T7 20
Retired 15367 283 102834
Other 103338
)287 323 290 285{
28 } 108 110 135 150 138
In Armed Force. 69 67 91 78 51 54 66 5 7 7 2 9 9 8
See footnotes at end of table.
9
Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
Work experience of person
Total
1971'
II
Below low-income
1970 1969
level
1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1968 1967 1966
NEGRO-Continued
Male-Continued
22 to 64 yeas
Total 4,598 4,481 4,393 4,320 4,206 4,137 4,095 776 743 760 742 177 947 1,044
Worked 3,966 3,922 3,871 3,921 3,857 3,815 3,758 493 513 544 569 608 768 857Full time. 3,700 3,644 3,627 3,641 3,612 3,533 3,471 379 406 422 432 502 631 70150 to 52 weeks 2,791 2,874 2,662 2,752 2,779 2,670 2,598 187 214 216 239 326 380 45840 to 49 weeks 327 359 419 407 393 429 438 40 47 74 52 67 98 9927 to 39 week, 213 280 252 194 229 200 224 51 49 48 46 44 49 7526 weeks or less 369 331 294 288
j. 4
233 210 102 97 82 96 62 105 70Part time 266 278 244 280 245 282 286 114 107 122 137 106 137 15350 to 52 weeks 90 104 86 90 62 111 31 35 42 33 26 59 5240 to 49 weeks 35 34 33 74 28 T 31 13 8 20 21 13 7 2227 to 39 weeks 22 34 , 30 41 28 35 28 9 17 17 13 11 19 IR26 weeks or leas 119 109 : 94 117 128 98 117 63 47 41 71 59 53 67
Old not workeaMain rson for not working:
j 571 501 439 333 302 27u 283 276 226 210 171 160 170 182
III or disabled , 346 327 279 234 192 186 212 182 170 154 135 115 122 142Going to school 61 52 37 26 27 18 21 28 13 21 15 8 4 9
Unable to find work............ 69 27 32 11 26 ' 20 14 25 14 i 9 9 15 15 10
Retired 45 26l2221
8Other 49 68
92 62 57 49 37 f 2518
113 22 27 22
In Armed Forces)
62 57 84 65 47 46 54 5 5 6 2 9 9 4
Female
14 years and over
)
Total 8,616 8,428 , 8,041 7,841 , 7,636 7,461 7,286 2,868 2,766 2,894 2,512 2,563 2,867 2,982
WorkedI 4,425 4,391 r 4,392 4,466 4,487 4,341 4,185 931 1,014 1,002 1,050 1,212 1,328 1,433
Fell time 3.293 3,071 ) 3,081 3,146 3,141 3,049 2,867 489 487 478 530 637 687 78950 to 52 weeks 2,067 1,829 1,795 1,721 1,760 1,718 1,488 175 :62 146 164 240 253 29540 to 49 weeks 249 278 : 324 337 323 330 323 27 29 50 56 55 77 8227 to 39 weeks 270 297 300 305 328 274 300 38 47 52 56 95 89 9426 weeks or less 707 668 662 733 729 727 757 2, 249 229 254 247 267 318
Part time 1,132 1,320 1,311 1,320 1,346 1,293 1,318 , 527 523 520 575 642 64450 to 52 weeks.. ... 397' 452 420 469 410 440 043 162 139 171 158 207 19040 to 49 weeks 89
11r7
120 154 128 l".4 t. 23 38 30 52 51 5027 to 39 weeks Ira120 116 98 127 A 64 66 31 34 15 6126 weeks or lees 527 601 607 616 684 599 624 .57 277 280 288 331 320 342
Did not work 4,191 4,037 3,648 3,375 3,1491 3,119 3,101 ' a,937 1,752 1,693 1,462 :,351 1,539 1,529Main reason for not working:
Ill or disabled 841 800 784 701 574 574 539 470 451 498 403 302 357 339Keeping house 1,864 1,843 1,624 1,554 1,555 1,573 1,564 862
73:73
641 632 758 728Going to school 1,123 1,064 966 887 801 752 779 434 = 312 314 320 353Unable to find work 189 172 123 90 66 101 105 111 78 68 51 33 51 56RetiredOther.
: 132
41
110
47153 143
)153 120 114 {
4218
28
251J
55 71 53 54
22 to 64 years
Total 5,605 5,472 5,294 5,169 5,049 4,970 4,891 1,670 1,659 1,588 1,457 1,528 1,741 1,800
Worked 3,550 3,484 3,501 3,517 3,443 3,391 3,307 671 751 724 758 889 980 1,047
Full time 2,816 2,645 2,642 2,634 2,564 2,518 2,374 375 402 372 410 483 521 81050 to 52 week, 1,916 1,696 1.673 ' 1,581 1,588 1,569 1,356 157 145 142 151 215 228 28040 to 49 weeks ............... 2202201 247 296 312 275 290 292 23 29 47 54 47 61 70
27 to 39 weeks 1 224 239 241. 248 271 224 2.49 30 38 37 48 82 69 77
26 weeks or less 456! 463 435 493 430 435 477 163 189 149 155 139 163 202
Part time 7341 839) 859 884 879 873 931 296 349 351 348 386 439 436
50 to 52 weeks 1 309 358 327 374 303 351 360 82 133 109 132 125 165 150
40 to 49 weeks 69 82 101 84 119 99 104 26 19 34 21 40 39 42
27 to 39 weeks 1 92) 114 111 86 68 97 88 40 48 52 22 25 50 44
26 weeks or less 265I 286 319 339 387 325 379 149 148 157 172 194 184 202
Did not work 2,055, 1,989 1,793 1,652 1,605 1,579 1,584 999 908 865 701 660 782 753
Main reason for not working:Ill or disabled 476 437 443 345 325 282 258 278 257 285 192 158 188 155
Keeping house 1,381 1,390 1,218 1,201 1,164 1,187 1,190 621 577 500 461 454 544 533
Going to school. 59 47 30 29 46 38 53 16 20 13 8 14 15 23
Unable to find work 106 91 69 46 38 46 53 67 40 46 28 19 24 31
RetiredOther 1.7 25
321 29 32 27 29 { 9
9 12/ 21 12 15 11 13
- Represents zero.
'Based on 1970 census population controls) therefore, not strictly comparable to data for earlier yearn which are based on 1960 canoe populationcontrols. See page 52 for explanation.
10
Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972
(Numbers in thousands. Person., as of %birch of the following year)
Work experience of person
Total Below low-income level
1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1969 1967 1466 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1966 1967 1966
WIVES
11 Years and Over
All races
Total 46,314 45,752 41,739 14,436 43,012 43,292 42,723 2,774 3,036 3,133 2,997 3,110 3,694 3,880
Worked 23,355 22,921 22,661 22.369 22.010 21,077 20,362 608 936 890 865 1,001 1,182 1,251
Full time 16,331 15,727 15,185 15.554 15,472 14,711 14,060 124 467 459 437 532 588 671
50 to 52 weeks 9,993 9,644 9,175 9,065 8,95: 8,710 7,937 129 138 143 133 172 176 20940 to 49 weeks 1,566 1,465 1.577 1,653 1,,.14 1,140 1,170 27
!IA
49 40 45 54 59
27 to 39 weeks 1.471 1.524 1.539 1,517 1,499 1,492 1,492 37 40 44 62 90 91
26 weeks or less 3,301 3,094 3,195 3,319 3,354 3,068 3,160 232 257 227 221 253 268 313
Part time 7,024 7,194 7.176 6,816 6.539 6,366 6,302 384 469 431 427 469 594 58050 to 52 weeks 2,614 2,630 2.489 2,127 2,304 2,307 2,202 119 165 150 153 162 209 18440 to 49 weeks 768 766 818 706 747 616 650 25 27 36 25 31 51 32
27 to 39 weeks 628 936 891 910 773 790 708 38 57 48 41 30 62 54
26 weeks or lase 2,813 2,862 2,978 2.774 2,714 2,654 2,742 202 219 195 208 245 273 311Did not work 22,960 22,831 22,078 22,067 21.632 I 22,215 22,362 1,965 2,100 2,243 2,132 2,109 2,512 2,628
Main (.eason for not working:III or disabled 1.232 1,065 1,056 975 814 R55 639 230 195 254 256 173 192 190Keeping house 20.454 20,679 20,062 20,266 20,146 20,462 20,529 1,605 1,800 1,637 1,750 1,624 2,139 2,257Going to school 277 251 198 163 299 321 365 39 26 41 36 35 69 68
Doable to find work 252 258 170 119 128 144 154 36 41 36 25 21 38 48
Retired 566 452572
)501 445 413 175
{ 4832 ) 74 f 62 56 74 65
Other 179 126 7 6
Negro
Total 3,183 3,247 3,178 3.217 3,114 3.083 3.215 512 558 570 563 600 767 886
Corked. 1,945 1.967 2,011 2,075 2,000 1,962 1,9-.7 205 245 301 364 438
Full time 1.521 1,463 1,465 1,530 1,434 1,433 1,308 68 107 94 127 137 180 222
50 to 52 weeks 999 879 907 932 857 799 720 32 30 31 32 41 51 70
40 to 49 weeks 119 142 162 176 149 169 167 5 11 11 15 13 16 20
27 to 39 weeks 135 148 151 160 153 146 164 5 8 6 17 26 30 34
26 weeks or less 268 294 259 362 275 319 137 46 57 45 63 57 82 98
Part time 424 504 527 545 566 529 599 97 123 111 118 163 184 216
50 to 52 weeks 178 193 Z..t 203 180 188 216 23 39 32 27 44 54 64
40 to 49 weeks 41 56 54 58 70 66 56 8 9 12 6 13 15 12
27 to 39 weeks 51 71 68 64 31 57 66 14 18 16 10 F. 19 21
26 weeks or less 154 182 203 220 264 219 261 51 58 51 74 99 96 118
Did not work 1,238 1,280 1,167 1,142 1,115 1,121 1,228 328 328 365 318 299 403 448
Main reason for not working:Ill or disabled. 181 176 IRO 168 137 111 145 65 70 64 69 42 47 67
Keeping house 958 1,007 909 923 R99 931 988 243 239 243 234 237 327 348
Going to school 28 2540
11 11 34 3332
35 2 3
9
4 2 5 12 9
Unable to find work
Retired
4023 28
43
24)
23
18
25
21 13
40
21
15( 3
1
25
)( 11
11
{ 2
6
8
13
5
18
Othe aa
23 to 64 Years Old
All races
Total 39,757 39,373 38.730 311.518 37,980 37,463 37,093 2,144 2,266 2,295 2,129 2,324 2,609 2,820
Worked 21,243 20,930 20.796 20,462 20,048 19,282 18,670 681 790 761 741 R45 988 1,082
Full tine 14,914 14,417 14,239 14,190 14,081 13,440 12,867 361 309 398 371 449 485 572
50 to S2 weeks 9,459 9,160 8,761 8,616 6,431 6,232 7,530 124 130 137 128 159 168 197
40 to 49 weeks 1.399 1,309 1,440 1,498 1,529 1,315 1,336 22 22 45 38 45 44 49
27 to 39 weeks 1,274 1,335 1.339 1,299 1,338 1,323 1,311 28 38 34 38 52 70 74
26 weeks' or less 2,782 2,613 2,700 2,775 2,783 2,570 2,690 184 196 181 165 194 205 253
Part time 6,329 6,513 6.556 6,272 5,967 5,640 5,802 320 401 364 371 395 562 510
50 to 52 weeks 2,434 2,467 2,307 2,268 2,159 2,178 2,088 109 161 132 136 149 185 170
40 to 49 weeks 690 700 754 654 696 571 609 19 23 34 22 28 38 31
27 to 39 weeks 763 837 R33 821 731 724 648 33 41 41 36 26 51 46
26 weeks or less 2.444 2,510 2,663 2,530 2.381 2.368 2,157 160 74 157 177 192 229 264Did not work
halo reason for not working:18,514 18,442 17,934 18,054 17.932 18,181 16,424 1,463 1,477 1,536 1,387 1,479 1,621 1,738
III or disabled RAO 728 680 661 548 566 558 173 129 144 135 104 98 100Keeping house 17,028 17,152 16,807 17,022 16,906 17,160 17,286 1,238 1,301 1,536 1,219 1,319 1,459 1,551Coins to school 149 142 116 97 179 170 210 14 5 9 4 13 24 24
Unable to find work 194 219 145 94 113 117 127 25 32 22 20 19 27 42RetiredOther
127139
Q3
108188
}163 166 166
10
3
7I 22 { 11 21 14 22
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of Karol of the Poi owing year)
Work experience of person
Total Below ow-income level
1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1940 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
WIVES-Continued
22 to 64 Years Old-Continued
Negro
Total 2.776 2,827 2.617 2,626 2.782 2,731 2,816 416 458 466 453 503 636 728
Worked 1.765 1,797 1,968 1,890 1.843 1,796 1.818 165 205 191 221 269 315 390Full time 1.393 1253 1291 1,401 1,341 1,323 1276 82 94 86 120 126 153 196
50 to 52 weeks 942 839 882 789 812 772 693 33 28 32 30 37 49 6510 to 49 weeks 103 131 151 168 142 161 160 5 10 9 14 13 14 18
27 to 39 weeks 120 131 137 138 136 132 148 5 6 7 17 22 25 2826 weeks or less 220 251 ' 220 9.'4 251 257 273 40 47 40 57 54 64 85
Part time 4 376 414 477 4811 503 473 543 83 111 104 102 143 162 19650 to 52 weeks 163 180 187 I 190 168 IRO 204 23 37 30 21 39 51 6040 to 49 weeks 38 52 53 53 69
65'3'
55 4 6 10 7 12 13 11
27 to 39 weeks 52 59 62 55 29 58 13 12 15 8 7 18 1926 weeks or less 124 154 175 190 238 182 22R 43 53 48 66 85 81 103
Did not work 1.006 1.030 950 936 938 935 998 252 254 277 233 234 321 338Main reason far not working'
Ill or disabled 135 122 116 108 75 98 49 52 51 42 28 34 38Keeping house 818 952 718: 791 772 800 831 193 192 204 182 190 264 275Going to school 12 11 5 7 26 23 24 1 - 4 9 8
Enable to find work 28 34 34 14 22 27 35 8 7 19 s 6 11 17Retired 5 5 1
heOtr 7 511) 9 12 9 11 3 3 2 1
FAMILY VENDERS OTHER THAN READAYD WIFE
14 Years and Over
All races
Total 36.968 36,674 36.192 35,178 34,339 3,863 33,480 3,661 3,704 3,611 3,492 3,824 4,C45 4,129
Worked 20,651 20.479 20.640 20,503 20,105 20,103 19,792 1,239 1,470 1,417 1,348 1,771 1,909 1,881Full time 11,227 11,014 11,125 11,326 11,402 11,523 11,602 560 615 565 579 833 876 895
50 to 52 'weeks 5,172 4,996 4,919 5,136 5,052 5,412 5,295 125 169 131 127 216 259 267
40 to 49 weeks A70 787 928 883 841 841 914 26 26 36 34 56 51 72
27 to 39 weeks 989 957 1.030 921 866 887 881 59 54 44 39 80 78 67
26 weeks or less 4,196 4,274 4,248 4,386 4,643 4,383 4,511 351 366 354 379 481 489 489
Part time 9,424 9,465 9,515 9,177 8,703 8,379 8,191 679 855 852 768 938 1,033 987
50 to 52 weeks 2,492 2,602 2,460 2,557 2,364 2,398 2,268 123 248 213 173 245 307 237
40 to 49 weeks 716 750 799 678 639 584 512 29 34 37 30 43 34 39
27 to 39 weeks 994 988 1,012 1,000 901 884 806 60 GO 73 40 57 73 67
26 weeks or less 5,222 5,125 5,243 4,941 4,799 4,713 4,605 467 513 530 526 593 619 643
Did not work 16,281 16,132 15,487 14,590 14.153 13,591 13,562 2,421 2,233 2,190 2,141 2,052 2,131 2,245Main reason for not working:
111 or disabled 1,481 1,318 1.353 1,399 1,201 1.283 1,220 254 237 246 302 267 352 325
Keeping house 1,477 1.603 1,648 1,435 1,795 1,715 1,877 240 259 272 250 289 311 320
Going to school 11,633 11.322 10.55 : 10,019 9,492 9,170 8,976 1,713 1,528 1,431 1,360 1,256 1,255 1,380Enable to find work 475 532 30 251 262 280 245 100 105 96 79 79 78 72
'Retired 803 79349
39Other 411
563 } 1.505 1,4116 1,403 1,142 1,244 {64 65
144)
1.51 161 136 148
fn Armed Forces 36 63 65 R4 81 169 128 I 2 4 4 1 5 2
Negro
Total 5,340 5,190 4,984 4,735 4,654 4,467 4,281 1,619 1,439 1,496 1,360 1,468 1,606 1,629
Worked 2,309 2,474 2,428 2,467 2,664 2,556 2,383 501 550 563 571 733 828 842
Full time 1,542 1,543 1,509 1,609 1,754 1,640 1,539 227 242 252 268 371 417 434
50 to 52 weeks 760 713 6143 676 733 747 634 37 48 42 49 101 118 120
40 to 49 weeks 105 106 143 I2R 164 127 162 14 7 19 10 25 28 38
27 to 39 weeks 10.1 164 150 137 165 144 125 IR 32 25 16 40 41 3726 weeks or le, 613 500 591 068 691 622 619 157 155 167 193 205 230 239
Part time 607 931 860 878 911 915 844 274 308 311 303 362 412 408
5n to 52 weeks40 to 49 week
167
47
1:',1, 178
5870053
18354
22044
20338
2616
65
3
567
5010
5513
11212
77
14
27 to 39 weeks 63 72 06 77 72 69 57 19 17 23 11 20 25 26
26 weeks nr less 531 620 558 548 602 575 546 213 223 225 232 275 263 291
Did not workstain reason for not working:
2,949 2.702 2,552 2,243 1,987 1,952 1,956 1,119 890 931 789 735 776 786
Ill or disabled 342 306 295 292 23.1 275 224 119 86 115 105 63 132 115
Keeping house 252 236 264 184 217 204 201 102 80 80 67 70 78 83
Going to school 2 ,029 1,846 1,676 1,520 1,326 1,225 1,277 790 651 644 544 500 499 525
Enable to find work 188 158 136 84 60 98 70 67 51 51 37 32 42 29
Retire d
Other679
6n96
181)
163 150 100 114 { 14
262
20) 42 36 51. 26 33
In Armed Forces 3 4 5 5 2 9 13 1 - - 1 -
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOt,E 92 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
.511.,ther. t 1., 14.,..;
T111.41
of March 91 the lou 1318 Veal.'
Below .014- incomt level
Worn ex;9r leuct -r1972' I 1071' I .70 I ,,.4 1907 l 1'8e41. 1072' 19 71 n 1074 1069 1 1904 1907 1940
F1(1115' (1111111 84 "71110 TAN, 1011,151. N ii rt n.t. 1
,
4 .G.,iii .941 7 ,9711 107 064 71R 720 7211 7.17 062 005rot i IWorked 0.423 6 . 5 1 2 1 . 5 4 1 i 0 .4 71 5 .272 4,12:1 4 ,177 101 341 3411 324 408 .188 490
`0,11 1 (me 44 ,.I' 5,547 5.395 5 493 5 511'GI 1 .61, 1,567 3,11110 1 , 758 :I .702
1 '.91 : 553 142 501
211
IS
237107
10
1070.1
19
189 20171 142
30
718,141
211
3201.13
4 72 7 t 30 110,, 1111 132 . 104 III 104 390 400 25 211 22 19 39 32 3624 1 ..I42 / .057 / ,01/ ! 9'1 042 923 953 tnn 40 7F 73 70 116 92
Part t1-n 0 0 405 095 , 472: 074 029 . .961 9n 14450 3'0 131 330 344 107 :1011 332 24 47
141 13446
12474
179 17174 57
(II '17 02 , 91 46 90 72 06 10 11 5 0 10131 3
109 1115 107 07 14 17 27 9 19 152 weeks or le4s 397 41R I 315 . 344 375 744 340 44 75 54 73 71 74 90
:3,1 r. . work 1 ,949 1 2 ,00li 7 ,954 1,432 I .1310 1,014 1.+112 157 3/46 395 3.111 :174 414(I,, in rea.911 r .r not w r.,,,,,
1 1 1 .d. 11.3,1,1 717 019 . 540 004 124 . 531 541 150 144 133 178 1:13 179 174Keeping 5.410. 574 015 551 . 507 442 018 071 97 127 151 121 13.1 141 1606,104 to 617,91 124 2,11 207 ' 230 1RA 147 ! 170 37 34 33 36 20 15 101 nable I.. 111,1 work 150 ,
111 107 . 57 53 52 50 :14 21 27 22 19 17 23001 I red 70 07 1
:132 2:I:i 172..t. her 117 271 ,)
131 nsf
..} 2840 33 10 10
10 Armed Ft/111, 13 111
601 1.554 1 1.174
21 . 20
1 .137 1 ,742
40 j
1 .299 1 4117
32
1 .247
-
314
2
272 2'15 278 247 3.14 357aarked 1.000 1.1190 1, ;53 , 1 351 7 I ,025 1 31:14 091 137 1 73 153 163 1 77 237 239
Pull tlae 040511 t,, 52 week, )0040 to 19 .101/1k, 7427 to 39 week
110,
575(10
131
844 R29512 305104
869
40 15:179891.1
R27
5194977
R00.159117
72
95211212
10739
4
19
923414
0733
A
12
12171
1319
150031217
162722421
24 weeks or less 304 177 164 1513 131 143 160 48 45 34 35 19 57 46Fart t toe 140 190 1011 1RR 101 2117 194 12 06 41 78 54 87 79
50 to 52 meek. 69 71 54 1 Al 30 90 67 A 25 26 30 10 2140 to 49 week< 11 2n 11 3 17 17 12 7 2 5 2 627 t.. 19 week, 11 24 IR 2.1 17 22 1 3 9 4 3 7 924 week< Ir less 55 70 71 49 78 RR 24 32 25 40 30 31 43
9111 noi work I 470 384 the 321 273 204 251 177 99 140 114 90 1117 1161111 In reziaon not working
111 or sabled 100 150 151 132 11.1 122 98 80 4 02 52 36 113 51Keep( r.g 15,04. 47 111 NA 79 90 33 30 31 27 35 40Going to 75 03 .15 35 32 23 35 2n 16 20 16 3 9l'nable to 110,1 work 0.9 21 ) 31 21 19 12 11 22 5 10 fi 6Retired .1
Alt her 33 5752 30 16 12
141.1 7 10 .1
I n .1rmed Fores
,gr.t.4rE1' ,,nt v IN 11.4
1 1 Se.ir: And 0v er
I 3 , 5 4
111 r3re
Tet191 10.411 10.311 15,357 14.142 13,799 13 .114 12 ,2 71 4 ,447 5,154 5,423 1,351 4,604 .1,997 4 ,701
Worked 9.021 .6.1:1 9 .141 1 0.772 8,440 .11:17 7,12 1,505 1,022 I ,544 1 ,I152 1,494 1,023 1,525Loll time 9,424 7,750 7,570 7,170 5,912 ,559 6,010 859 871 834 847 R57 949 R94
in t, 52 week.: .7113 ,19.1 5,225 ,,071 ,97n 4,6211 .1,22R 274 292 281 341 384 457 34840 to 10 0e064 773 711 740 R21 47:1 444 657 74 45 51 64 66 Ion 9127 to 10 weeks 631 03R 504 .161 521 505 433 104 115 95 71 R4 9R 11626 week< or 10.ti 1 3102 9116 973 /116 74 751 093 404 419 411 367 324 344 294
Fart time 1.001 I , 044 I .651 1 ,41/2 1 ,53 7 1,477 ,452 746 754 710 700 637 473 63150 to 52 week< G.15 7110 541 511 598 594 552 189 192 143 21(1 198 220 203
1, 10 weeks 24.1 203 213 211 199 /04 166 93 45 69 74 59 6227 to 30 weeks 254 229 201 2112 I R3 177 152 102 155 95 78 6,1 RR 5425 week< or 1,s4 655 049 437 572 558 5.13 533 3:12 366 303 343 320 304 307
111311 n,1 work ,799(lain rea<on 1or not working
0 .1011 5,579 j 5.01`1 5.291 5,119 4 ,4.11 3,310 3,5311 7 ,40/1 3 ,201 3,195 3,373 3 .1 75
III rte.. 1,a21,1,1 I , 447 .090 1 .6911 1 , 0117 1.199 1,305 1 .500 1,144 1,125 1,159 1,043 842 991 807Keeping !um,. 2.284 2 .282 2,001 1 ,955 2,703 1 ,407 2,21(0 1,10.1 1 .2771 1 ,193 1,153 1 ,245 1,325 1 ,44 7Going to school 240 237 190 1711 1 92 1.15 143 202 190 175 151 166 130 151l'nahle to find cork I In 110 73 3.1 57 59 79 83 37 25 '12 474,11redit her
in Armed Fnres
2 111
I0707
2,01-1207104
2,182 I ,93507
1,705 1,4411 :142
1.1
672112
710131
3
) 844
11
907
7
R77 883 725
1
See footnote.: 4f rd of fable.
13
Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
Work experience prsan
rklty1A152, [sill 6':01
I 1 a rs -
aege
somber: 1n thousand,. Pr.ons as .11 March of the fo11m..ing year )
1.7721 1- 971- , I9,9 I 199" 1.767 1.199,
10(.11 1,0.4.1 1 .719 I .702 I , 670 1.7140 , 1.120
Worked I,_!'1 1 , I I.. I .111 1 ,191 I .104 1,12o 971
Hu 1 1 time 1 ..10 I Wei 401 929 020 694 71.1
727 0",; 934 904 101 127lo t,' 10 .,,,..., 09 119 100 8327 1., 39 weeks, 47 7r. 73 13. 1929 eek, or Ie.,: 111 In 129 , 44 101 0?
Part t law 22. , 259 232 -911 239 2;1 22110 to 02 reek. ....... ... 99 43 111 HA 111 , 102I41 to 10 .....ks 79 2? 39 37 22 2127 to :10 week, ifi 20 1 21
45 104 92 73748 735 931 106 53192 9 120 15.11.1,1 a.
Ma in 1...t.ton for not work 1 cI I I or 31:101,.1keep t !looseGoing t.. .cho..1cnahl 0 to f rat wart,Net 1 red.0 her
In 1rmd
1 tr., lid
fot 1'
111 rice,
Full t tale10 to 12 week.:Io t" vook
!
r oksPart time
1.c. to 12 eek,In to PI weeks27 to 3.10 weekti or I es-.
'14 ^.01 workItal. reason for nt working
or disabledKeeping hot...I.o log to .oh I
vnaIlle 167'1 arkNet 1,10thr
In Irme,/
Total
.rked1011 time
So to 12 weeka40 to 10 ,..eks27 to 30 wek.:26 weeks or less
Port time19 to 12 a 1I kto t El I" wee27 to 39 week29 weeks '.r le s.
Did no. workMale rilgon for not wnrkIng
Ill or disabledKeeping houseGoing to schoolUnahle to find workRetire Iother
In ammo,/ /..9roiev
110 pin 'Ill , :317 1 2.19 2151 : 3 1 , 1 2 6 1 1 1 91 , 100
.c_ 11 I' 20 IF, 1710 9 1 10
1:11 133
1,4;7 9 ,iiiill 8 ,01`i 7,0417 7.049 7,277
7,707 7 , 107 7.211 0,788 0,5311 9,1,189 ,919 6,114 A ,37a 0.013 . 5,700 1 5.1.101.077 1,405 1,095 .1.501 1.311 1,1123
65o 012 937 008 599 558;12 183 113 3.12 112 309070 6117 1422 101 477 476477 439 039 77; 733 722310 :113 280 291 335113 191 101 115 97 RO
1:11 118 194 109 104 91791 391 317 299 2111 218
I .593 1 ,699 1 .339 1 ,132 1 ,100 1 .041
704 044130 .
'13 RI
71 77154
190 I 1 1
70
589 184 390 .1283,13 390 141 380
fin 10 72 394I 21 18 31
244 2111 141 191
71 47 19 17
1.105 1.271 1.105 I ,2n2 1.162
.0415022970
896392
1135019
297
332
9221.00 7881.18 599
R;72 11
10915292151739
2,114
1519 to
22 1331 11
12 194
1(9
13151
231218
291
14412
12
14
2
1 ,09281
'13
19372221011
199
11437
4
9798213
09
15919221750
183
7
1,135
95.1783552
975383
199RR
172045
I RI
115
7
223110
6
12 ,
93
,729
5,0825,0023,695
53734227
681272
9.1
249I .7432
380421
9539
121
13
.An
R32903191
754.1
791.10
7121
39I m
10,1
41,
7
- Fteprea..n is ker..'Rased on 11170 con4.1. population ont rot s ; therefor., not strictly comparable to data for earl ler
contr91s. See pa, for explanation.Oats for first lv head. below the 1w-income level in 1050 to 1064 147 work experience, age,
Ser P-90 and for the years 1969 to 1072 1,, fns, 79, R1, 130, and 91,
Bel.. low-Income level
1070'. 10711 197(1 1994 1119R 1967 1966
-r
970 01IF I 8411 600 777 809 777
279 102 :327 34.1 360 375 381138 191 I 155 191 202 191 222
118 57 99 08 115 00 1296 14 14 26 22
25 15 16 22 22 225.1 73 66 51 93 49
141 111 172 183 158 185 15841. , 7 52 72 .19 6519 9 22 IR 19 14 15
19 21 15 14 24 1690 55 791 78 76 70 63
091 591 513 462 417 434 396
337 320 299 285 221 222 200In.! 194 95 717 89 101
21 10 2 IR 127 10 2670 I 12 to 19 1103 96 90 58
24
1.0134 1,967 I , 701 1 ,741 1,997 I .746 1,739
952 960 911 952 920 994 974106 564 534 074 6(18 657 663206 208 207 272 291 311 323
59 32 32 54 51 72 6876 05 51 _65 67 99
201 2413 231 19R 200 207 174360 396 375 377 312 336 311100 90 105 98 132 10241 48 40 43 29 29 4459 5.1 14 44 34 48 28
191 183 193 106 150 127 1361,035 1.008 R49 769 765 751 764
98 475 405 351 307 335 307291 285 235 238 293 271 298
61 56 43 32 53 27 5550 57 36 23 14 27 309991
6470
128 124 100 92 74
4
175 439 412 421 456 448
201 221 222 24R 268 297 295112 132 118 131 162 1671 201
IR 45 59 54 102 77 1184 5 12 11 23 22
211 11 14 19 19 1914 62 39 45 28 52 4492 R9 107 118 1716 129 053n .15 33 50 37 60 4411 18 12 9 10 1115 11 12 13 10 17 fl
37 27 42 44 48 39 32293 25.1 216 164 155 159 152
172 195 149 118 99 107 91
33 IR 37 32 31 19 439 12 3 5
17 6 7 4 14 5
199 9 14 17
12 16
yearn which are hosed on 1990 census population
sex, and race can he found in Current PopulationReports. los respectively.
14
Table 4. OCCUPATION AND CLASS OF WORKER OF LONGEST JOB-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVERAND 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD WHO WORKED LAST YEAR BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE:1966 TO 1972
Occupation and class ofworker of longest lob
ALL RACES
Male
14 years and over
Worked, totul
wage and salary workers. foalProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, v su ,ervlsors.Service workers, exc. private scsehold.Private household workers
Self-employed, tarnSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers
overnment.
22 to 94 years
Worked, total
wage and salary workers. incl governmentProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, i supervisorsServtce workers,exc. private householdPrivate household workers
Self-employed, fareSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers
Female
14 years and over
Worked, total
wage and salary workers, Incl. governmentPrnfessinnal and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives. incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers. supervisorsService workers. exc. private householdPrivate household workers
Self-employed, farmSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers
22 to 6 years
Worked, total
wage and salary xorkers, incl. governmentProfessional sod managerialClerical and salesCrnft and kindred workersOperatives. incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, v supervisorsService workers,exc. private householdPrivate household workers
Self-employed, farmSelf-employed, etherUnpnld family workers
NEGRO
Male
14 yearn and over
worked, total
wage and salary workers, incl. governmentProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, S supervisorsService norkers. exc. private householdPrivate household workers
Self-employed, farts
Self-employed, otherUnpaid family workers
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the following year)
,Total Bel.. low-income level
1972' 1971' 19711 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
r --r- t
1
58,194 57,303 56,265 55,700 55,095 54,412 53,391 3,293 1 3,581 3,493 3,359 j 3,729 4,161 4,281
1 91,654 50,758 49,665 49,137 48,266 47,554 46,628 2,503 ! 2,648 2,482 2,441 2,689 3,092 3,25512,253 11,855 12,060 11,698 11,238 10,991 10,194 233 1 194 166 196 188 229 2206,894 6,837 6,613 6,890 6,598 6,617 6,524 207 210 175 167 I 205 238 241
10.679 10,295 9,702 9,970 9,623 9,530 9,285 349 357 275 290 1 290 373 37610,521 10,122 9,979 10,542 10,607 10,333 10,290 566 519 534 540 604 693 7264,961 5,194 9,073 4,694 4,640 4,433 4,459 450 572 562 545 629 625 6201,360 1,479 1,381 1,33 1,508 1,600 1,600 326 411 388 379 482 598 5804,930 4,887 4,788 3,806 3,936 3,945 4,085 305 , 377 280 302 281 325 464
57 88 69 ! 103 114 104 191 6 7 2 22 11 12 291,858 1,843 1,864 1,918 2,050 2,134 2,096 294 366 417 397 , 471 504 4624,198 4,174 4,185 4,056 4,166 4,049 4,127 408 433 453 394 411 374 416
484 527 551 589 614 674 541 88 134 141 128 158 190 148
45,897 45,081 44,388 43,827 43,225 42,708 42,027 2,254 2,367 2,278 2,200 2,353 2,724 2,876
40,961 4(1,208 39.462 38,941 38,179 37,684 36,873 1,637 1,692 1,552 1,559 1,635 2,010 2,13211,352 11,030 11,239 10,882 10,348 10,062 9,413 173 144 134 146 146 185 1825,348 5,312 5,023 5,123 4,924 4,925 4,875 127 126 100 95 102 124 1299,518 9,271 8,752 9,026 8,683 8,616 8,376 273 312 216 228 236 295 2998,364 8,174 8,126 8,562 8,607 8,400 8,291 405 359 384 394 409 524 5402,762 2,854 2,805 2,493 2,586 2,500 2,539 263 337 318 328 369 367 380
642 621 588 578 647 752 719 184 215 204 202 225 334 3112,961 2,933 2,911 2,244 2,348 2,399 2,596 209 201 194 150 145 174 274
12 14 16 34 35 30 63 3 2 1 16 1 5 161,319 1,331 1,387 1,428 1,529 1,600 1,616 236 299 323 310 378 384 3673,543 3,482 3,473 3,381 3,473 3,339 3,436 354 361 374 308 326 300 344
71 58 67 76 42 84 102 24 17 32 22 13 30 33
10,723 39,909 39,682 39,060 38,279 36,971 35,821 3,036 3,255 3,223 3,110 3,417 3,768 3,804
37,568 36,693 36,494 135,997 34,993 33,675 32,819 2,617 2,750 2,698 2,631 2,887 3,186 3,2476,657 6,295 6,238 5,938 5,684 5,351 5,063 161 153 206 199 236 202 184
15,171 14,964 14,783 14,636 14,076 13,451 12,706 572 631 588 485 561 668 557506 418 451 375 453 418 386 28 12 27 12 40 25 25
5,264 5,113 5,170 5,688 5,399 5,381 5,411 404 398 337 398 383 443 512354 320 355 191 228 231 211 33 26 37 24 32 26 32
433 483 482 467 562 558 657 120 179 183 204 245 273 2986,964 6,573 6,387 5,947 5,762 5,345 5,146 839 795 746 654 670 725 7642,219 2,526 2,628 2,756 2,828 2,941 3,239 461 556 573 656 720 825 875
279 193 179 158 196 207 206 29 36 33 24 36 41 511,586 1,483 1,504 1,472 1,537 1,472 1,536 171 189 189 182 185 209 1951,290 1,540 1,505 1,434 1.553 1,618 1,259 220 280 304 273 310 332 310
30,983 30,426 30,171 29,522 28,803 27,844 27,087 2,020 2,187 2,156 2,097 2,277 2,493 2,652
28,440 27,795 27,570 27,009 26,156 25,186 24,637 1,709 1,81)4 1,771 1,753 1,885 2,068 2,2465,922 5,690 5,616 5,333 5,043 4,725 4,465 118 113 154 162 161 153 128
11,374 11,167 11,025 10,670 10,234 9,827 9,421 318 335 336 287 301 345 350449 352 380 328 373 352 326 23 9 17 8 24 16 19
4,377 4,316 4,390 4,760 4,513387 4 514,ii 4,470 291 291 262 288 307 327 383234 223 246 131 132 25 18 24 20 22 14 10241 246 229 243 305 294 347 80 107 106 114 128 162 174
4.839 4,658 4,466 4,242 4,136 3,823 3,811 522 536 485 436 453 480 5641,004 1,147 1,218 1,298 1,391 1,470 1,664 331 394 386 441 490 571 619
167 120 108 108 118 135 153 17 20 23 16 22 32 42
1,305 1,256 1,259 1,227 1,260 1,198 1,253 124 155 143 127 132 163 132
1,070 1,255 1,235 1,180 1,270 1,326 1,025 171 207 218 201 236 229 231
5,066 5,092 5,015 5,110 5,101 5,017 1 4,870 I 781 831 898 895 1,050 1,224 1,323
4,799 4,789 4,740 4,807 4,790 4,712 4,546 697 751 770 799 906 1,075 1,165441 381 338 356 309 356 251 38 34 13 12 17 34 13478 470 435 477 435 421 388 48 34 23 31 38 39 42538 574 530 617 579 552 510 50 58 43 62 70 82 80
1,397 1,284 1,362 1,379 1,361 1,29,g 1,287 155 150 166 156 177 207 254887 943 1,003 1,027 1,066 958 182 194 228 247 290 293 31119.1 263 292 269 307 366 332 93 102 179 160 203 263 238855 862 769 667 711 759 788 125 117 119 125 106 150 211
9 14 11 15 21 17 32 6 3 7 5 6 1773 62 69 72 80 81 99 38 18 40 44 55 59 70170 214 169 192 190 176 179 36 50 60 36 59 51 6023 26 36 38 40 48 46 11 11 28 16 31 40 27
15
Table 4. OCCUPATION AND CLASS OF WORKER OF LONGEST JOB-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVERAND 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD WHO WORKED LAST YEAR BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE:1966 TO 1972-Continued
,Numbers in thousands. Persons as of March of the following year/
Occupattdn and class otTotal Below low-income level
,rker .,1 I .'ng,, I., 172' 1971. I 1070 1969 I 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1966 1967 19661
513110.-4onttnued I
I
Mal e- 4-ont tnued
22 to .4 Years
Worked, total 3,96x: 3.02 3,671 3,921 3,957 3,815 3,758 493 513 544 569 608 768 857
wage and salary workers. tncl. government 3.751 3,69, : ,672 3,692 3,641 3,601 3,515 421 464 467 510 518 680 748Profe4914nal and managyrIal 395 :
.,',7 305 312 274 300 228 29 25 9 7 8 30 11
Clerical and sales 379 36, I 333 358 310 316 292 29 18 11 17 21 13 21Craft and kindred workers 479 ' 518 464 557 528 497 456 35 47 28 48 61 65 69Operatives. tn41. transport.... 1.173 1,097 1,170 1.167 , 1,132 1,059 1,072 111 115 133 129 120 161 200Laborers. sweep/ tarfarm laborers, manager,. ..- supervtsors
Or 11,
07 137755
147
708 ; 794
134 135
693
205
720
160
11330
118 152
86159
66182
77
173
154
200113
Sere., workers, env. private household. 182 d.2 177 443 1 457 522 571 ;31'; 46 75 48 61 124Private household workers 1 9 11 , 9 15 3 2 1 2 8
Self-employed, farm 52 31 41: 54 1 5n 52 71 32 9 24 32 35 40 52Self-employed, other 159 106 147 168 , 156 151 158 34 40 46 28 48 40 55Unpaid family workers . 19 6 9 hi 6 - 7 6 8 5
Female
14 .eary and .qer
!
Worked, 10,91 4,425 4,391 4,392 4,466 4,487 4,341 4,185 931 1,014 1,002 1,050 1,212 1,328 1,433
wage and salary werkrs, tncl. gov,,rnmnt. 4.299 1,267 4,245 4,304 4,305 4,133 3,944 888 968 919 983 1,129 1,213 1,289Profsstonal and managerlal 422 399 405 370 285 23 2 26 12 32 23 17
Clerical and sales 1,043 , 1.001 949 923 858 741 615 112 101 105 80 85 110 80C raft and kindred workers 34 36 31 34 47 35 35 5 4 3 5 12 7 5
OperatIves. incl. transport 6997Z1
120 790 707 725 672 126 139 91 145 135 158 165Laborers. except farm 41 60 39 41 8 46 14 7 13 13 13 16 12form laborers, managers, . supervlsors 102 129 155 164 206 217 262 59 102 119 127 144 '68 198Service workers, exc. prlvate household 1,117 1,161 1,116 1,123 1,049 930 909 264 247 243 229 257 235 271Private household workers '.33 ' 742 793 833 992 1,067 1,119 285 326 322 371 452 497 540
Self-employed, farm 1 8 8 9 21) 17 14 2 3 6 8 10 14 10Self-employed, other 94 7/ HO 103 98 107 11)) 21 23 32 34 26 35 43Unpaid family workers 38 42 60 50 64 84 117 20 20 44 26 47 66 91
22 to 61 years
Worked, total 3,550 3,484 3,501 3,517 3,443 3,391 3,307 671 751 724 758 869 960 1,047
wage and salary workers. Incl. government 3,438 3,391 3,398 3,389 3,311 3,240 3,144 637 719 675 707 814 885 963Professtnal and ma nagertal 483 415 381 36H 376 334 264 11) 33 19 8 28 20 9Clerical and sales 738 72n 671 595 525 506 420 55 51 68 43 36 56 50Craft and kindred workers 27 35 2,1 31 36 33 30 2 3 2 6 6 7 2
Operative,,, incl. transport 605 580 619 657 593 599 564 101 107 73 104 110 118 131laborers, except farm 39 29 49 35 26 33 25 9 4 10 12 8 11 2
Form laborer, managers, . supervisors. 65 70 90 AO 106 113 154 37 57 64 70 75 95 116Sery 1 re workers, exc. pr1Vale hookehold 933 940
86%926 849 752 757 177 192 175 166 190 177 214
Private household workers 543 SO4 696 798 867 931 241 272 262 301 361 399 436Self-employed, farm 5 7 7 7 12 13 11 2 1 6 7 8 13 7
Self- employed, other.... 79 64 63 92 R2 96 88 18 19 21 27 20 29 30Unpaid family orkers... 3,1 23 32 31 38 45 62 15 10 21 17 27 32 49
- Represents rero.
'Based on 1970 cenius population contr. Is; therefore, ma strictly comparable to data for earlier years which ore based on 1960 census populationcontrols. See page 12 tor explanation.
MOTE: Data tor family needs below the low-Income level in 1959 to 1968 by occupation of longest job, age, sex, and race can be fotmd in CurrentPopulatpin Reports, 9-611, Mn. 68, and for the years 1969 to 1972 In Nos. 76, 81, 116, end 91, respectively.
16
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of ((arch of the following year. Excludes family heads and spouse,/
Major activity In survey seekand employment status
1970 ft
13.496
9,8(15
1972' T
3L1. RACES
Male
14 to 21 years
Total'
Going to school
14.242
9,941
14.139
9.919Employed 2.277 2.047 1.903Unemployed 466 541 469
Not in labor force 7.199 7,331 7.133
Other 4.262 4,154 3,623Employed 3,348 3.074 2.703Unemployed 438 545 462
Not In labor force 476 535 458
Not a high school graduate' 9,939 9.966 9,691
Going to school 8.078 7.994 7.071
Employed 1,726 1.533 1.440Unemployed 403 4314 365
Not In labor force 5.949 6.023 6,069Other 1.859 1.963 1.803
Employed 1.324 1.289 1.235
Unemployed 217 287 262
Not in labor force 318 387 306
14 And 15 years
Total 4,216 4.189 4.095
Going to school 4.022 3.956 3,862Employed 563 195 457Unemployed 94 6A 81
Not In labor force 3.365 3.393 3,324Other 194 233 233
Employed 123 129 158Unemployed 6 7
Not In labor force 65 96 66
Not a high school graduate. 4,213 4.185 4,093
Going to school 4,019 3,953 3.860Employed 561 494 457
Unemployed 94 68 81
Not in labor force 3,364 3,391 3,322Other 194 233 233
Employed 123 129 158
Unemployed 6 7
Not in labor force 65 96 68
16 and 17 years
Total' 4,079 ,024 3.901
Going to school 3.317 3,297 3,246Employed 891 787 767
Unemployed 264 295 219Not In labor force 2,162 2.215 2,260
Other 762 726 65.1
Employed 570 498 470
Unemployed 71 89 HONot In labor force 121 140 104
Not a high school graduate' 4 .005 3.975 3,862
Going to school 3,275 3,265 3,213Employed 874 778 761
Unemployed 259 295 215
Not In labor force 2.142 2,192 2,237
Other 729 709 646
Employed 543 90 464
Unemployed 70 83 RO
Not In labor force 116 136 102
18 and 19 yearn
Total' 3,409 3,407 3.294
Going to school 1.721 1.716 1,905Employed 56 520 479Unemployed 77 104 123
Not in labor force 1.094 1.092 1.204
Other 1.682 1.669 1.462Employed 1.353 1.273 1.111Unemployed 176 238 19R
Not In labor force 153 158 153
See footnotes at end of table.
Total
1969 , 1968 1967 1966 I 197'0 1971'
1
12.931 12.563 12.357 12.026
9.912 9.865 9.749 1 9,5232,349 2.494 2,458 2.478
369 321 311 3127.194 7.060 6.980 6.7332.936 2.629 2,479 2.4092.23:1,8 1.959 1.936 1.852
: 249 284 205344 121 359 351
9.372 9,291 9.0.10 8,800
7.905 7.873 I 7.795 7,5801.731 1.885 1.851 1.855
2E, 271 267 2685,876 5,717 I 5.677 5,4571.450 1.407 1,253 1.2151.01H 926 779 912
184 161 I 178 139248 320 296 264
4.025 3.941 3.839 3,723
3.091 3.762 3,750 3.621491 522 538 55063 55 56 50
3.337 3,185 3,156 3,021133 178 89 10284 63 25 45
5 11 I I
4 104 63 56
4.019 3.935 3,838 3.723
3.086 3.757 3.748 3,621490 I 522 538 55063 55 56 50
3.333 3.180 3,154 3.021133 I 179 89 10084 I 62 25 1 4.1
5 11 1 1
44 j 105 , 63 55
3.791 3,695 3.595 I 3,401
3.239 3.243993
3.2102;ti930959
109 172 164 I 1592,121 2.070 2,008 1.999
551 452 370 366372 279 221 22764 47 50 51
115 126 91 88
1
3.735 3.651 3.548 3,446
3,200 3.212 3,180 3,087917 982 949 952189 171 164 158
2.095 2.059 2,(66 1.977535 438 364 359361 i 268 216 22464 ) 45 57 48
110 1 125 91 87
3,097 3.020 2,013 2,964
1,023 1.960 1,774 1,935634 701 650 704
08 67 67 76
1,101 1,192 1.057 1,1551,243 1.042 900 9901.013 825 770 773
130100
12097
95
11(1);. 122
I
1
1.657 1.676 1
76 1,173 1
113 169.7 62456 942
81 501 :
305 308 ,
78
IZ 115 ,
1,336
1.03112351
8573061705006
562
535
4716
4722719
7
1.318
1.002 ;
124 :
47 :
031 1
3171605899 ;
547
506
385
163
112
2
27
562 545
5354716
4722719
7
502
391
57
32
30211056
IR
36
494
3875532
30010854
18
36
503
395
46041
27
477
3775732
288
99
5014
35
473
373
5732
294 '
9950 1
14
345 401
155
31
5
119190123
3532
197 I
49
13
136
203135
39
29
Below low-Income level
1970 1969 I 1968
.
1967 19(16
1,611 1 1,4301 1,600, 1,572 1,574
1,140 1.067, 1,195 1,150 1,189155 ; 211 227 253
54 39! 41 36 37945 874 1 943 895 899
459 3531 401 414 393277 236 : 249 257 24883 42 46 59 5599 ' 75 104 14 80
1
1,333 : 1,192 1 1.363 1.362 1.398I
1,020 934 ' 1.073 1,067 1,096
105 1 126 180 198 22641 , 31 40 35 34
,
'311
777 953
311 : 257 290834
295
036
301168 i 162 158 166 18559 1 31 42 51 46
84 I 64 90 78 70
1
571 527 593 550 583
541 502 552 528 55840 46 59 52 76
19 9 15 8 20482 417 47H 468 47230 25 42 22 2511 14 13 5 181 3 5
19 I 8 24 16 7
571 527 593 550 583
541 502 552 528 55810 1 46 59 52 76
19 9 15 8 10482 447 478 68 47230 1 25 42 22 2511 14 5 18
ll19' 8 24
1
16 7
491 415 492 515 494
354 316 382 399 10942 52 83 100 11018 16 19 19 13
29.1 2.19 2/11 280 266
126 99 111 117 105
68 56 54 66 5825 11 15 19 24
33 32 42 33 23
4011 413 89 511 490
354 314 302 397 3116
42 50 83 99 11018 16 19 1 19 13
294 . 249 280 279 263
126 99 107 115 10468 56 52 65 5725 15 17 2433 35;2 40 33 23
354 312 335 344 329
178 171 ' 197 173 18539 41 51 59 5011 7 7 8 13
128 123 139 107 122172 136 130 169 143104 98 100 110 82
39 19 20 30 2429 19 19 29 37
17
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
(Numbers In thou4ands. Persons as of March of tne following Year. Excludes family heads and spouses)
Ma tor ac t t v t ty In survey 'week i
00,1 employment status
11.1 it It 05 - t 1 nued
N.a:e- ontinued
9721 I 19711 I 1970
Total
1 1949 1909 1 7907 T 19641
1 41 and 10 yea rs- -Con inued
Not a high school graduate. 1.354 1 117 1.38H 1.299 1.342 1.26 0 1.209!
Below low-Income level
1972 !Ti--1971' 1970 1949 1960 1967
211 ! 2. 9
fel log to ,chon 1 752 717' 745 701 950 0141, 9301 97 ! 120
Employed. 279 254 211 314 :150 344 335 21 , 27 ,
Unemployed 14 64 41 15 39 46 54; 3 !
0-,;
Not In lite, I il rev .. 125 123 195, 126 103 4211 411 ,73' 04
,thee ... . . . 493 1,73. 614 549 517 133 161 ! 114 I 119
Empl oyed . . . . 134 452 117 384 779' 340 319, 661 71 :
l .444 p 1 coe d ......... .92 125 113 1 9 71 44 631 23, 25
Not in labor i o rce. 41 144 : 44 14 54 4 7 791 25 23
74 and 21 sears
,
.
1'. t 4 1 , 2 130 2. 020 1 2 244 2.019 1 947 ; 2.11') 1.M581 248 251
',oil./ to school 4441 050 892 159 400 1 1 016 412! 94 92 1
124,4 toyed.. . 24 1 213 : 202 294 24 7 ; 312 264 ! 28 29,
unemployed. 14 71 ' 44 10 27 24 2 7 . 4 12 !
Not In labor 585 631 . 644 635 1044 640 557 . 42 ; 54'
,,her ... .... 1.27 1 /214 1.271 1, 41'41 957; 1.034 451, 153 154 !
Employed 1 141 1.171 944 419 702 4421 407 107 111 !
t nemployed. 195 219 177 141; 72' II" 59' 16' 23:
,ot i n IaM4r fore, 137 I 1 2 , 133 A ; 03' 90 A51 30 24
Not a high .296ol 4,4044.49' 140 340 :147 31') 343 401 341 69 63
Go log to scha..1. ... 33 79 : 36 3" 53 43 11
Employed 12 4 '1 11 23 20 19 - 2
Unemployed 2 11 5 1 5 1 5 - 1.
Not I n labor force. 19 17 22 21 25 36 19 11 2
Other. 331 347 3(9 271 293 333 295 : 58 59-
Employed 224 21') 195 109 217 234 226 32 26:
1 nempl 05,41 72 42 16 30 55 27 9 17
Not in labor Tore, . ii 56 n2 34 36 42 42 17 15
Female
11 to 21 year,
13.071 12 901 , 12.725 12.3.19 12.123 11 , "110 11,160: 1,700 1,719
log to school. 0.517 9.481 'I 434 0.248 9.090, 4 077 9.741 1 246 1 , 166 ,
Kmp toyed ..... 1.457 1 707' 1,423 1.4149 1.746 1.7111, 1,626 ; 123 126;
1 nemploYed 319 31') 326 245 173 177 155' 37 30 ,
Not In 1 abor force 7.341 7, 45 H , 7 4147 7.171 7.1 79 . 7.194 6 , 940 ; 4,006 1 , 002 :
other 1.514 3.507 : 3.249 3.060 3.025 2.832 2.724 535 5441
Employed. .. 2 494 2,366 2 210 2.492 1.472 I .937 ; 1,820 1 262, 299;1' nemploY ed.. ... .. 264 311 . 274 204 2nc 194 173 1 65' 79 1
Not I n labor- rorce... ... 5)01 410' 795 744 447 725! 200 2(0)
.
No' a h tg4, school 2raduate. 0.903 4,991 A . 0114 4.537 8.454 8.223 A. f02 , 1,343. 1,294
Going to 4ehoo 1 77,734 7.445 7.490 7,102 7,327 7,0449 I . 442 ! 1.007
Empl4 o - e1 1 342 1,271 1.172 1.371 1.242 1,215 1.214 i 79 : 46!
hemp) oyed . .. . 254 213 236 146 140 1344' 1281 22 ; 32
Not In labor firer 4.114 G 171 6.136 5,923 5,980 5.973 5.747. 961, 489'',
other . .... ............. 1,249 1.29,; 1.205 1.047 1. 052 496 913 1 292 2924mployed. . ........ . 711 644 , 032 404 118 360 3371 102 92 ,
;
Unemployed.. -- 90 131 ; 112 87 AR 84 74 , 351 441
Not In 1111,01. Far,- 644 121 521 476 546 102' 502 , 145 1521
11 and 11 yen rs
469Total 1 1.044 3.973 3,902 3,437 3.7411 314091 0611 547
1;9 ing to school... 3.406 3.475 ! .3 , 793 3.700 3,485 3,637; 3.480. 538 0121
Employed 153 441 , 413 464 431 393 379, 22 33;Unemployed 17 36 t 39 4 1 11 20. 14 i 8 7 1
Not I n labor fore 3.394 3 . 398 : 3.311 3.2.12 3,244 3.224 5 0 9 ' 172!
400er 163. 171 1 190 132 112 107. 1221 28'1:7,5
Employed. .14 77 40 61 31 23 131 , 11 1
Unemployed 1 . I 3 1 3 1: 2' 2 1
Not In labor force ...... 41 90. 79, 97 118 831 107! 20. 23
1
3. m2 1 3,789 3.710481 310774 3.634!:31,.,34)9:75.091
.
i
Not a high iehoo I graduate. 1,956 ,1, .3.I 1 3.966 3.900 3,427 3,712. 3 , 6 09 i 566 5171
/12 140i ing to 900091 . .. . . . .
I'm p 1 oyed 153 113 433 , 393: 532'12 :1
5000 ,
33
Unemployed 17 1314
: 39. 111 201 71
Not In labor force.. 3 340: 3.396 ; :1,337 3,240 3,221 1 472 :
other .. . 102 171 : 175' 152
3.233 1
150, 107] 1201 2411 35 1
Employed .. 77 77, 95 , 201 231 131 0 1 11
) nomploVd 1 1' 2 2 I 1 1
Not i n 14,r R I I '10 79' 071 1 1 9 i 9 3 1 103 1 2 0 1 23
49e footnotes at end of table.
224
119
21
4
92
106
59
26
21
194
11027
77
07
61
12
14
67 74 6120 15 114
5 5 -
42 58 16
131 94 111
93 s 0 i RI
IR 10 9
20 16 21
55 54 70
2
-
3 4
50 : 4630 32
9 5
11 9
4o 1.156 1.141
101 14037 . 37
1,010 964
443 424
21A 187
47 46
174, 195
1.231 1.222
906 9641
67 91
25 324494 445
216 253149 73
20 24137 152
246 526
520 4990 31
10 9
502 45926 274
- 1
22 20
545 520
510 4994 31
10 9
459276
- 1
22 20
211
127
335
8985
59
15
11
2141 1761 179 142
71 12
3 4
58
34
41
16
1 .598 , 1.569 1,620 1,777
1.164132
22
1,010464191
62
211
1,263
1.004
84
16
09025971
35
153
559
5 26
33
49234
2
32
559
52633
492
32
2214
126
43
75
101
41
25
15
58
18
39
102
77
10
15
72
17
4
13
56
36
13
1.275139
24
1,112
502
26239
201
1,351
1,07909
19
971
274
99
23
152
597
575
36
5
534
22
2
19
597
57536
534
22
19
1966
255
142
39
10
93
1126219
31
168
58
18
39
112
89
7
14
71
11
2
40
49
3
1,730
1,202151
291,102
440
205
48195
1,425
1,1431:3
26
990
203
9033
160
620
59032
4
554
30
5
32
627
59032
4
554
36
5
30
18
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued
(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the following year.
1967 T 1906
Excludes family
1972' [ 1971'
hoods and
Below low-Income
1970
spouses)
levelMajor a c t i v i t y In surveywook
and employment status
Total
1972' 1969 1968 1967 1966
ALL RACES -- Continued
female -- Continued
16 and 17 y .rs
Total 3,831 3.802 3.750 3.537 3.525 3.412 3,310 516 ; 512 450 467 166 .191 522
Going to school 3,217 3.203 3.171 2,223 3.143 3.139 2.998 402 414 359 372 409 31Employed 744 541 650 702 708 679 665 40 42 47 53 39 43 56Unemployed 1 103 175 167 131 47 104 94 10 22 11 16 11 12 14
Net in labor force 9.340 2 397 2.357 2.330 2,338 2..156 2.239 352 3.511 301 303 330 354 361Other 594 539 592 414 382 2'71 312 114 98 91 95 86 72 90
Employed 342 311 320 200 147 102 1(15 41 35 31 32 IS 19 21
Unemployed 39 17 11 39 32 !A2 17 10 15 14 13 2
Not in labor force 203 I 191 218 169 203 190 61 in 54 49 51 62
Not ahighschool graduate. 3,730 3.732 3.675 3.572 3.454 3.35) 3,255 509 502 446 459 459 172 515
Going to school 3.15 : 3.218 3,123 3,182 3.087 3,097 2,960 400 409 356 369 375 06 429Employed 739 : 674 636 753 592 67) 659 10 40 14 51 36 3 55Unemployed 161 171 161 128 96 101 93 10 21 11 16 11 12 11
Not in labor force 2.295 ' 2,373 2,325 2,301 2,299 2,326 2,209 350 347 301 302 326 351 360Other 536 I 515 551 390 367 261 295 109 94 91 91 83 67 86
Employed 315 , 293 315 190 135 95 93 39 31 31 32 10 18 18
Unemployed 34 ' 44 38 36 32 22 16 10 13 12 13
Not in labor force 187 178 207 164 200 144 186 17 54 47 52 17 61
18 and 19 years
Total 3.07.1 3.057 2.979 2.849 2.855 2.90E 2.943 431 440 372 34R 392 423 401
Going to school 1.579 1.567 1.659 1.50n 1.620 1.558 I 1,635 209 166 199 199 191 198 205Employed 419 392 363 409 414 431 412 39 36 26 27 39 41 48Unemployed 91 79 95 55 37 1 43 15 7 13 9 10 4 11
Not in labor force 1.009 1,106 1,201 1.15'12 1.151 1.100 1,180 155 123 160 153 142 153 146Other 1.497 1,500
E-splayed 1.05R 1.1)17
Unemployed 141 167
1,319891
145
1,269975
107
1,234
8 /11'96
1.237H60
, 117
1,20986395
222113
53
rI"'7
17
172
91
25
16079
17
191
9327
225122
21
197
10926
Not in labor force I 29A 316 293 297 299 260 251 76 79 56 64 71 63
Sot a high school gradual 1,020 998 962 j 060 929 981 i 932 214 184 189 174 179 200 215
Going to school 616 575 608 5.16 590 566 623 116 76 108 96 94 92 113Employed 167 153 120 147 141 144 i 172 17 11 13 13 10 31Unemployed I 45 46 35 23 72 17 22 4 3 5 2
Not in labor force 40.1 376 153 376 422 05 429 95 62 91 Al 76 HO 74Other 403 424 354 335 331 317 308 97 108 Al 78 95 1024 101
Employed 242 194 155 151 159 142 13H 10 28 3.1 24 30 43 36Unemployed 33 59 50 34 39 45 36 15 26 16 13 15Not in labor force 1274 171
20 and 21 years
146 150 133 130 , 134 42 54 35 45 39 52 50
Total 2.106 2.076 2.017 2,951 1,905 1,940 1.702 267 251 231 227 220 276 179
Going to school 796 779 810 735 650 733 621 97 74 78 81 67 93 56Pmployed 241 :92 197 234 191 201 169 22 14 20 2; 20 19 15Unemployed 18 I 30 25 20 10 16 I 2 3 4
Not in labor fc-ce 537 557 589 482 449 516 418 70 59 55 50 47 70 41Other 1.310 I 1.267 1,206 1,225 1,256 1.210 1.081 171 178 153 146 153 183 123
Employed 1,008 961 917 947 955 953 945 102 106 92 69 78 118 72Unemployed HO , 94 87 56 75 56 59 19 15 16 14 21 15 14Sot In labor force 222 : 242 202 222 226 201 177 50 57 45 63 54 50 37
Note high school graduate, 196 217 206 165 244 241 206 55 66 50 62 65 83 69
Going to school 29 31 23 14 40 31 17 9 11 3 4 fl 6 10Employed 5 4 1 7 13 7 5 - 2 1 4 1
UnemployedNot in labor force 24 27 22 7 27 23 12 9 9 2 3 4 9
Other 167 186 184 172 205 210 199 6 55 47 5, 57 77 59Employed 76 75 72 77 96 200 94 18 19 21 12 20 35 30Unemployed 19 26 23 15 15 16 20 6 3 6 6 5 10Not in labor force 72 85 h9 HO 9 94 75 22 29 23 39 31 37 19
NEGRO
2811
24 to 21 years
Total' 1,927 1,809 1,726 1,639 1,571 1,517 1,39 633 584 631 513 577 601 582
Going to school 1.303 1.240 1,17R 1,145 1,131 1.067 1.010 79 442 493 417 455 4.19 I 434Employed 133 125 107 146 162 157 134 45 37 39 34 49 67 54Unemployed 64 67 58 10 49 41 55 19 14 21 17 20 20 24Not In labor force 1,106 1,048 1.013 959 920 869 951 416 391 424 366 396 362 356
Other 521 569 546 489 439 445 390 154 142 147 96 123 152 148Employed 365 347 351 336 301 303 272 85 68 79 57 67 95 94Unemployed 91 112
I113 91 57 711 55 32 32 33 15 16 23 31
Not in labor force 65 109 92 72 81 54 63 37 2 36 24 40 33 33
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUSPERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972Continued
(Numbers in thousands. Pet-erns as of March of the following year. Excludes family heath; and spousesl
Majoractlyttyin survey weekand employment statue
Total Below low-income level
1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
NEGRO--Continued
Male -- Continued
14 to 21 years--Continued
Notahigh school graduate' 1.432 1,432 1.361 1.295 1.307 1.271 1,239 552 518 548 457 538 549 548
Going to school 1,164 1.084 1,027 981 1,008 975 961 449 404 443 374 431 438 427Employed 117 95 81 110 132 140 119 45 30 30 47 63 54Unemployed 57 56 41 36 47 41 53 17 13 18 17 19 20 24Not in labor force 990 933 905 835 829 794 789 387 361 395 327 365 355 349
Other 267 347 334 314 299 294 277 102 114 104 83 108 111 121Employed 159 184 192 ' 189 193 173 179 50 51 47 50 58 60 69Unemployed 59 76 68 59 41 61 40 23 25 23 10 16 21 2'.
Not in labor force
14 and 15 years
49 88 74 66 65 60 58 , 29 38 34 33 34 30 28
Total 54R1 8551 536 518 502 481 456 215 201 237 206 236 216 214
Going to school 530 526 509 500 483 468 436 205 185 228 199 228 211 204Employed 26 33 31 28 38 32 32 11 12 15 9 16 16 18Unemployed 15 8 10 10 15 12 14 4 1 7 5 11 5 7
Not in labor force 489 485 468 462 430 424 390 190 172 206 185 201 190 179Other 17 25 27 18 20 13 19 10 15 7 9 5 10
Employed 9 5 13 3 4 2 613 3 1 2 2 2 1 9Unemployed 33 - 4 4 - - - 3 2 - -
Not In labor force 5 20 10 12 12 11 6 12 7 2 5 4 1
NOtahlgt1 school graduate. 547 548 536 518 501 481 456 215 200 237 206 236 216 2) 4
Going to school 528 523 509 500 482 468 436 206 184 22R 199 226 211 [O4Employed 26 32 31 28 38 32 32 11 12 15 9 16 16 18Unemployed 15 8 10 10 15 12 14 4 1 7 5 11 5 7Not in labor force 487. 483 468 462 429 424 390 190 171 206 185 201 190 179
Other 17, 25 e7 18 20 13 19 10 15 9 7 9 5 10Employed 9 5 13 3 4 2 13 1 6 3 2 2 2 1 9Unemployed 3 4 3 4 - - 1 - - 3 2 - -Not In labor force 5 20 10 12 12 11 6 1 3 12 7 2 5 4 1
16 and 17 years
Total' 533 515 473 459 440 431 429 211 207 196 167 163 188 177
Going to school 466 441 377 i 365 370 357 1 369 183 169 154 132 136 152 142Employed 47 44 30 1 53 53 66 65 21 15 7 14 15 29 25Unemployed 37 39 20 16 18 19 25 12 12 6 10 5 11 9Not In labor force 382 358 327 296 299 272 279 150 142 141 108 116 112 108
Other 67 73 96 94 70 74 60 28 38 42 35 28 36 35Employei 41 34 57 i 46 40 35 32 14 15 18 16 13 19 14Unemployed 14 16 20 I 13 7 17 13 5 8 13 2 2 5 12Not In labor force 12 23 19 35 23 22 1B 1 9 15 11 17 13 12 9
Not a high schoolgTminiabs' 5291 512 470 449 436 427 428 211 207 196 166 161 186 177
Going to envoy) 466 441 376 I 359 370 353 369 183 169 154 131 136 152 142Employed 47 44 30 52 53 66 65 21 15 7 13 15 29 25Unemployed 37, 39 20 I 16 18 19 25 12 12 6 10 5 11 9Not in labor force 382 358 326 291 299 268 279 150 142 141 108 116 112 108
Other 63 72 95 90 66 73 58 28 38 42 35 26 35 35Employed 371
31:
56 41 39 34 30 14 15 18 16 13 17 14Unemployed. 14 20 13 7 17 13 5 8 13 2 2 5 12nt In labor force,,.. 12 24 19 36 20 22 15 9 15 11 17 11 13 9
18 ,nd 19 years
Total' 4401 433 412 407 384 360 351 147 123 140 93 125 141 139
Going to school 223 192 214 I 196 211 187 183 73 63 83 58 76 74 81Employed 44 32 31 48 47 42 30 12 4 11 7 14 19 12Unemployed 4 9 15 12 15 10 11 7 2 4 4 8Net In labor force 175 151 168 136 149 135 142 61 59 65 49 58 51 61
Other 217 240 198 211 173 171 165 64 61 57 35 50 67 58Employed 153 147 126 163 121 122 112 37 32 29 27 32 41 29Unemployed 37 59 46
31;
31 36 28 18 17 16 8 7 17 14Not In labor force. 271 34 26 21 13 25 9 12 12 - 10 9 15
Note high adux4 graduate' 266 260 252 241 247 241 257 94 90 94 70 105 109 123
Going to school ........ 151 110 132 116 139 133 141 54 47 58 39 59 64 77Employed 38 17 16 28 34 33 18 12 1 7 7 14 16 12Unemployed 3 5 7 9 11 10 - 5 2 3 4 8Not in labor force 110 88 109 79 94 90 112 42 46 48 30 42 44 57
Other 115 151 120 125 107 106 116 39 43 36 30 46 46 46Employed 72 80 67 72 72 75 19 24 16 25 30 25 24Unemployed 24 42 25 21 19 24 18 11 9 9 5 7 14 9Not In labor force 19 29 28 9 16 10 23 9 10 11 - 9 7 13
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUSPERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972Continued
(Numbers In thousands. Persons ag of March of the following year Excludes tamlly heads and spouses)
Ma /or ac I 111 ty In survey week
and employment status
411.1110--Continued
Male -- Continued
20 and 21 years
1972' 1971' t 1970
1-
Total
1969 [ 1900 1967I
1960 1972' 19711
Below low-Income level
1970 1 1969 1968 1967 1960
4-
Total 306 310 304 254 . 245 215 202 70 i 52 54 46 5 51
Going to school 43 : 41 I 74 N4 47 55 51 14 ' 25 17 24 l0 13
Employed 10 10 15 : 17 , 24 17 N - , 7 : 5
Unemployed lo 12 2 : 1 - 5 1 2 1 -
Not In labor force 54 I 55 51 45 42 30 34 1/ : II 25 12 , 13/-1 7
OtherlUnployed................Unemployed
219 ,
102 1
37 :
22916210
225
155 :
41 :
105 :
124
24 1
177 148 1
130 11.1 .
15 2
145
110
13
52297
17
40 14 17
29 12 It/
1 2 , 5 :
II
15
2
. 45
1 31
, 5
Not In labor force 20 31 26 13 : 20 14 16 16 1 7 i 13 : 7 . 9
.' a 010th school wrinNate. 91 1 112 103 49 123
721
98 33 21 . 21 11 : 35 ! 37 34
Going to school 19 III 11 14. 14 A 4 4 5 9 . 12 3
Employed 5 : 2 7 9 1 3 2 Z 3 1 3Unemployed. 2 : 3 2 - ' 1 -
Not In labor force...., 12 . 0 12 : 4 : 7 2 2 0 9 3
Other 72 . 1112 92 42 105 : 103 .85
. 25 1;
14 10 20 31
Employed 11 05 55 49 77 I66 :
02 11 10 H 12 1 17 22Unemployed 19 I 18 14 . 23 10 211 : 7 ! 3 3
Not In labor force 12 1 19 18 , 10 14 : 17 : 16 4 2 1 2 0
Female
14 to 21 years
Total 1,742 1.778 1,645 1.400 . 1.603 1.524 1.115 079 621 , 590 502 601 610 : 052
Going to school 1.301 1,203 ' 1,220 1.120 .
.
1.084 1.054 :
.
1.031 513 449
i
449 39; , 430 53 1 490Employed 88 74 l 0171 71 49 77 44 22 : 21 I 19 II 1 32 29 . 33Unemployed 59 67 54 39 31 29 20 17 1 21 I 19 12 12 : 15Not In labor force 1,157 1.112 1.000 1,010 440 944 914 471 . 411 408 364 392 12 442
Other 1 178 493 470 499 517 469 :105 160 . 172 151 169 105 190 162Employed 201 214 204 210 . 244 235 177 39 55 15 42 44 74 59Unemployed 75 75 I 59 59 70 57 44 37 . IR j 27 29 39 17 22Not in labor force 202 202 203 212 197 1
177 100 90 99 79 94 80 105 I 41
Note 014, mchoOlgradtOte. 1,335 1.334 1.279 1.222 . 1.209 1.171 1,10n ' 573 : 510 515 406 517 557 580
Going to school 1 1.114 1,091 1,046 974 971 920 0R4 : 475 404 409 367 405 423 59Employed 50 49 .52 57 70 16 64 20 : 15 13 10 24 23 32Unemployed 39 18 37 25 24 30 21 : 13 1 11 14 15 In 10 I 12
Not In labor force. 1,071 004 957 MtW I 077 410 744 1 142 174 342 342 :171 390 415Other 214 245 232 215 234 211 210 I 99 I 105 105 120 112 135 121
Employed 71 75 : 09 71 : 48 05 09 ! 19 I 23 30 20 20 41 37Unemployed 25 37 .
31 27 37 35 24 17 1 9 15 19 24 11 15Sot in labor force 120 133 : 132 ' 117 133 124 123 63 73 00 NI I .2 83 09
11 and 15 years
Total 553 i 550 . 535 ! 521 ' 494 1 477'
156 232 2113 204 197 209 723 235
Going to school 534 545 . 510 : 443 474 443 424 220 145 141 104 197 213 219Employed 0 14 12 12 14 : 10 3
Unemp10ycs1 9 1 6 10 : 5 2 9 : 3 4 1 3 2Sot In labor force 522 525 ! 491 470 161 440 409 219 146 140 179 192 202 210
Other 13 14 125 29 20 14 . 24 ,
ti 14 13 11 9 13
Employed 5 : 4 7 1 I 1
Unemployed 1 - - -
Not in labor force,........ 11 21.
20 II . 24 R 14 I I 11 7 14
Not a high school graduate. 553 554 535 521 ' 190 477 . 450 232 203 ' 71114 I 1117 204 223 235
Going to school ....... . 539 345 510 193 174 63 i 424 226 195 194 104 197 213 219Employed N 14 I 9 l 12 12 11 10 0 2 I
Unemployed A 10 2 1 3 4 3 ! I 3 3 2
Not In labor force 522 525 141 176 . 404 110 : 109 219 140 1 190 174 1 192 242 210Other 13 14 25 29 . 20 14 , 24 0 0
. 11 13 I 11 17Employed 1 3 1 - 2 ; 4 - - 1
Unemployed 1 - 1 1 1 - 1
Not in labor force
16 end 17 years
11 20 , 21 20 II ! 21 5 0 1 1 11 7 14
Total 529 512 494 470 462 441 427 21(1 211.1 201 170 197 202 217
Going to school ...... 433 442 117 387 307 370 371 176 170 154 134 102 169 102F5uployed 40 20 14 36 41 28 31 : 10 12 12 12 12Unemployed 22 31 22 15 11 19 11 9 A
Not in labor force 193 345 301 336 333 331 329 ! 159 157 139 120 144 151 165Other 71 70 I 79 44 75 03 SA 33 14 12 44 1 33 35
EmployedUnemployed
21 24 I
A
2710
22
15
14
13
19 18 i
I 4 11
13
10 2
12
Not in labor force 14 34 42 17 13 35 33 I 20 21 21 26 24 19
See footnotes at end of table
21
Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUSPERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972Continued
(Numbers In thousand.. Persona as of March of the following year. Excludes family heads and spouses/
Major activity in survey weekand employment status
1972'
NEGROContinued
EmailContinued
16 and 17 yearsContinued
Total
1971' '970 , 1969 1_ 196.I- T- . 67 r1966 , 1972'
4 4'
Not a high school smaluate. 516 503 487 459 I 445 , 433 . 418 210
Going to school 147 437 412 381 375 372 363 176Employed 19 24 32 36 : 40 28 31 10Unemployed 20 31 21 15 . 12 , 19 11 7Not In labor force. 389 382 359 330 ' 323 . 325 321 159
Other 69 66 73 47 69 61 77 32Employed 21 21 26 j 21 IS , 19 17 3Unemployed
I
5 6 9 12 i21 9 5 4
Not In labor force 43 39 40 : 44 41 33 33 25
18 and 19 yearn
Total 137 425 382 361 383 357 , 320 162
Going to school 231 214 : 207 182 171 , 159 161 93Employed 30 25 i 23 17 27
! 29 24 9Uminiployed 21 25 i 22 14 14 , 9 14 6
Not in labor force. I 180 164 : 162 151 : 130 ! 121 123 70Other 206 211 175 179 212 I 199 159 70
Employed.... 65 81 72 76 103 ! 91 78 INUnemployed 40 36 : 29 22 30 33 25 19Not In labor force H1 94 74 I 81 79 75 56 33
Sot a high school anickate 200 197 195 188 196 176 161 I 106
GuLng to school 125 99 121 : 99 : 110 83 83 71Employed I 11 10 10 9 17 13 16 7
Unemployed I In 11 6 6 , 10 2 7 2Sot in labor force 101 78 ! 105 R4 R3 ' 68 60 62
Other 75 : 96 74 : 89 05 93 78 36Employed I 26 . 30 19 28 26 , 33 24 10 I
Unemployed 11 15 : 1.1 i 5 15 : 17 11 8Sot In labor force 38 53 41 : 56 44 3 43 18
20 and 21 years
Total 263 281 ! 283 255 260 252 213 75
Going to school 79 82 . 93 59 50 58 71 18Employed 11 10 , 14 6 9 n 13Unemployed 7 5 ; 3 6 1 !
1
1 3Not In labor fore 61 I 67 76 7 40 ' 52 57 I 15
Other 185 199 : 191 196 209 194 142 57Employed 94 I 108 , 103 116 122
.77 18
Unemployed 28 31 21 19 33
TI18I 13 1
Not In labor force 63 , 60 67 61 57 47 26
Not a high schoolgnaduate.i 66 76 61 53 70 83 66 27
Going to school.
'1!
9 5 6 10 2Employed 2 1 1 -
Unemployed - - -
Not in labor ,'orce 1 5 7 5 7 5 I 9 2Other 6u 67 57 , 48 62 77 56 25
Employed 23 221
19 1 IR 27 30 24 6Unemployed
I 7 16 7 I 9 9 1 9 7 I 1
Not In labor forceI
30 29 31 1 21 L_ 26 38 25 i 25,_
- Represents zero
Below low-income level
1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
201 199 175 195 199 215
168 158 133 161 169 1804 10 6 12 12 129 8 fl 6 6 5
155 140 119 143 151 16332 2 43 34 31 347 13 8 fl 114
1 5 9 2
24 24 26 17 22 19
140 131 116 126 138 131
79
3
621
6311
53
7
6812
1 9 7 6 3 952 67 54 46 43 4776 ' 52 54 63 85 6328 15 14 15 3.1 227 ! 15 a 17 9 11
41 22 32 31 42 30
75 83 84 82 91 94
34 56 47 42 38 504 3 7 3 12
2 4 2 630 51 42 31 33 3242 27 38 40 52 4412 i 10 A 16 113 8 3 11 4 6
27 5 27 22 32 27
74 59 71 70 86 69
20 15 13 14 18 223 4 4 2 21 1
16 11 11 10 16 2053 44 58 56 68 4720 17 19 23 32 220 1 7 10 13 5
25 20 29 20 31 18
31 23 30 32 5 35
R 3 4 2 a2
6 1 3 4 s24 22 27 27 42 276 8 3 10 16 135 2 6 4 3 4
13 12 IA 13 23 10
'Based on 1970 census population controls; therefore. not strictly comparable to data from earlier years which are based on 1960 census control,. See
page 52 for explanation.'Includes members of the Armed Forces living off post not shown separately.
22
Table 6. INDUSTPY OF LONGEST JOB-WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER BYLOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX. AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972
Industry of longest lob
MAlk.
11 Years and ver
(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of March of the following year/
Total
Ill races I ant,
1
1972 1971
I Hein.. ),,a- Income level
r4-
Total Below low-income level
,egra II) reace hhite Negro
$
Wage and salary Ott,. , Owl, govt..... 51,654 : 46,186 i 4,799 2,5I
03 1,727 697
Mining and construction 5,619 5,177 389 313 244 68Manufacturing 15,592 1 13,968 1,110 458 303 133
!hirable.. . .. . ........ . .. 9,835 : 9,820 995 286 188 84Nondurable .. . . . . . . ........ 5,756 5,148 575 I70 114 49
Transportatlon, communication, and otherpublic utilities 4,372 : 3.852 190 180 121 58
Wholesale and retail trade.. 10,109 9,209 736 501 364 125,lervice Industries 10,977 : 9,563 1,121 I 620 104 198Professtanal... ..... .. . 6,044 , 5.252 666 361 220 114All ,thers. . 4,1433 : 4,311 455 259 184 74
Agriculture.. . . 1,657 ' 1,393 224 368 250 109.151 other cla,seal 3,437 3,923 367 63 41 17
,
22 to 64 Yearn
wage and :diary wkrs . inc 1. govt 40,961 36,646 3,751 : 1,637 1,149 421
Mining and 1,114:1,1ct1,1 . 1.619 4,227 1 343 : 230 173 55
Menu far to r 1 ,of . . 13,550 . 12,171 1,236 . 331 218 95Durable. . .
9,739 7,833 773 , 210 133 65Nondurable... 1.812
: 4,319 161 . 121 83 30
Transportati,m, conuminicatlon, and otherpublic utilities.. . . . ... . . .......
: 3,920 : 3.193 104 137 97 39
wholesale end retatt trade.. 6,710 : 6,064 j 526 29)) 212 72Service latiustrles 9,291 . 7,311 815
,387 1 261 102
Professional 1,601 4,190 503 215 138 55511 others 3,492 I 3,121 311 173 123 46
Agriculture 823 660 1 120 219 164 50AU other clasaes' ....... .. 3,049 2,705 307 38 26 7
FEMALE
14 Years and Over
wage and salary wkrs., incl. govt
Mining and constructionManufacturing
Durable..Nondurable
Transportation, communication, and otherpublic utilities
Wholesale and retail tradeService industrles.. ....
ProfessionalAll others.. . ...........
Agriculture . .
All other C194,1,1'..
22 to 64 Years
Wage and salary wkrs incl. govt..
Wining and con. t rue t Ion
ManufacturingDurableNondurable
Transportation, COMERM text inn, and otherpubllc utilities
Wholesale and retell tradeService industries
ProfessionalAll others
AgricultureAll other classes'
37,568 32,795 4,28b 1,617 1,690 888
395 376 15 10 10 -
6,877 6,101 697 396 268 1163,004 2,685 293 154 107 43
3,873 3,415 404 242 162 72
1,196 I 1,061 110 26 14 .10
8,360 7,734 517 659 544 103
19,623 15,784 2,601 , 1,355 763
11,466 9,892 1,437 600 399 1977,155 5,902 1,163 755 365 385
523 404 108 130 64 61
1.603 1,334 242 42 26 16
28,440 24,612 3,436 1,709 1,047 637
1
330 313
5,824 5,155
16
277597 197
8
193
2,576 2,302 1 251 100 65
3,247 2,853 347 I 177 118
-
6330 1
54
1,007 913 93 22 10 11
5,594 5,143 359 420 347 65
14,063 11,752 2,121 879 139 4369,263 7,971 1,171 335 221 111
4,797 3,791 950 545 217 324
/306 233 69 86 49 37
1,326 1,106 L07 16 10 5
Ill races While Negro All races White Negro
50,750 45,439 4,789 2,648 1,848 751
5,703 1 5,183 454 347 269 69
15,310 1 13,845 1,384 473 339 1309,696 1 6,790 863 288 198 875,614 , 5,055 521 186 142 43
4,521 4,045 438 162 106 54
9,448 8,615 731 506 387 10910,751 1 9,430 1,158 655 440 2095,825 I 5,025 678 327 ?17 1034,920 1 4,406 480 328 222 1061,745 1,436 288 439 264 167
3,280 2,887 337 66 43 14
40,206 36,089 3,695 1,692 1,193 I 464
4,705, 4,275 378 277 217 5613,461 12,181 1,209 347 240 1058,741 , 7,911 785 232 155 7.)
4,720 : 4,268 426 115 83 32
,084 3,670 383 122 79 41
6,222 , 5,651 497' 276 206 588,032
: 7,093 797 386 273 111
4,539 3,957 479 164 126 54
3,494 : 3,137 321 204 148 55780 1 613 156 235 144 85
2,922 1 2,610 275 48 32 9
36,693i
32,030 4,267 2,750 1,742 968
395 375 11 15 14 -
6,727 5,999 650 351 238 1052,776 2,517 241 94 64 27
3,951 3,483 409 256 175 77
1,266 1,143 117 40 35 5
8,149 7,582 499 594 475 11318,767 15,283 2,584 1,504 869 614
10,929 9,446 1,355 664 461 1847,138 5,837 1,229 841 407 429
568 425 134 188 81 1051,522 1,223 271 58 31 26
27,795 24,094 3,391 1,804 1,053 719
3.17 328 11 8 8
5,739 5,135 545 257 169 782,414 2,195 208 70 45 203,326 2,940 337 165 122 57
1,064 971 87 32 27 5
5,499 5,077 361 367 275 84
13,582 11,348 2,078 1,000 507 4808,911 7,728 1,080 412 277 1254,670 3,618 997 589 229 354
309 232 74 112 52 581,264 1,005 232 28 14 14
- Represent, zero.'Includes frestry and fisheries (usually included with agriculture/ and public administration.
23
Table 7. METROPOLITAN-NUNMETROPOLITAN RESIDENCE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX OFHEAD, AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972
rSumbers in tho9sands. Persons as of March of the following year/
1972 1971
NesidenceTdal I Nelow low-income level Total Below les-income level
(II 14AS cdti Neg, All taros .htte Negro All races White Negro All races Nhlte Negro
8E711014/41T4N (((0.00
All errom,
T dal 111,139 121.0rai 17.772 11,508 0,914 5,252 140,670 121,630 17,061 14,5)11 9,798 4,58863 ;e4, and over 12,843 11,644 1,0.)" 1,923 1,574 328 12,767 11,594 1,050 2,244 1,883 339
In families 129,946 110,744 16,114 11,399 6,468 1,629 126,448 111,336 15,515 11,143 7,079 3,941Head, 19 Years and over 3n,931 32,299 4,113 2.932 1,815 1,055 36,499 32,164 3,949 2,967 1,960 972
65 years and over. . 1,689 4,259 358 371 294 67 4,604 4,177 384 456 361 91
.11e of head. 31,011 20,070 2,429 1,121 1,01e 267 30,872 29,091 2,417 1,406 1,10H 276Related c5.ldren under 18 years 46,088 3/1,091 7,246 6,135 3,153 2,1140 46,518 39,989 6,994 5,910 3,480 0 382
Related children ,nder 6 ',ars 11,'1 :1,142 2,1!' 2,090 1,071 956 14,231 11,799 2,192 2,111 1,275 809Other !amity members 14,911 12,277 2,156 919 479 465 14,565 12,189 2,168 859 530 311M eMean sir of ramily .1.19 3 4, 3 03 3.98 3-56 4.40 3.52 3.46 3.93 3.76 3.61 4.05
Inrelarod indivlduals 12.182 10,309 1.620 3,138 2,447 625 12,222 10,493 1,546 3,419 2,719 64765 years and over 3.999 1,578 3791 1,304 1,079 219 4,032 3,651 350 1,520 1,306 201
Male . 4.976 1,023 801 916 641 I 236 4,970 4,119 734 1,023 739 248Female 7,206 6,295 027 2,222 1,809 389 7,252 6,375 812 2,395 1,980 399
Per4.4.s In hamilt, 94th r..male Neal
15,717 9,766 3,724 5,797 2,4119 3,207 14,920 9,734 5,057 5,381 2,707 2,622Head, lr sears and ,.,,65 oars and overand
4,482771
1,127 1,479 1,332949 115 87
746
57
761
24
4,661
. 6963,296
586
1,332
/00
1,481
109
791
81
670
28
Related ue.b- 19 years' 7,209 3.935 1 3,164 3,7:3 1,519 2,137 6,758 3,912 2,791 3,408 1,642 1,739Related thildren under year, 2,019
other family mem6ers . 1,641
960 1,262,104 1,081
1,245
441
508
227
731
309
1,919
3,500977
2,532920934
1,212
492591
272
603
212Mean sta.. of family. 1 22 2 94 3 87 3.78 1.34 4.21 3.20 2.96 3.90 3.63 3.42 3.91
1111 141- C0::70AL C111ES
All Persons
Total 62,311 47,090 11,939 9,179 4,596 4,366 62,699 48,714 12,946 8,911 5,186 3,60365 ars and over 6,6115ye 5,699 818 .1,291 829 255 6,859 5,916 845 1,302 1,025 258
In f9I1le8 . 55,018 41,310 12,609 7,202 3,167 3,869 55,177 42,639 11,637 6,693 3,539 3,064Head, 16 years and over 16,157 12,591 3,262 1,825 90(1 1191 16,113 12,829 3,041 1,781 978 774
65 years and over 2,31)2 1,967 299 191 132 57 2,366 2,037 303 235 168 63
wife .t head. 12,666 10,547 1,840 693 472 202 12,807 10,810 1,785 725 513 196Related children under 19 years' 19,4.17 13,359 3,684 4,049 1,561 2,391 19,526 14,024 5,182 3,664 1,772 1,857
Related children under 9 Years. 9,223 1,20 1,883 1,419 572 H15 6,183 4,396 1,668 1,299 643 642other family member, ,,,,s, 4,97" 1,824 634 239 399 6,734 4,977 1,626 522 279 234Mean size of family 3 41 3.24 :1.87 3.95 3.52 4.34 3.42 3.32 3.82 3.76 3.62 3.96
Ihrelated Indtvlduals 7,291 5,791 1,330 1,977 1,429 498 7,522 6,074 1,308 2,218 1,647 53965 years and over 2,300 1,996 286 769 601 161 2,453 2,132 290 932 757 163
Male.. 1,,15 2,279 650 619 394 192 3,079 2,379 632 700 478 198
Female 1,240 3,501 679 1,359 1,035 305 4,443 3,695 706 1,518 1,169 341
Persons In Families Ith Female Head
rdal. 9,6111 4,707 4,946 4,160 1,313 2,798 9,965 4,741 4,134 3,643 1,470 2,127Head, 16 veers and aver 2949 1,647 1,264 1,084 405 666 2,779 1,626 1,122 999 423 558
95 years And over 439 344 93 54 31 21 402 320 90 24 40 19
Related chIldri5 ender 18 year,. 4,917 1,969 2,693 2,701 902 1,869 4,179 1,893 2,257 2,377 909 1,399
Related rhildren under 6 are . 1,40, 94 886 944 265 649 1,245 467 763 836 322 501. rher family members 2,116 1,19 999 375 103 264 2,005 1,226 757 313 138 169
Mean 'Lae of family . . 1 4.' , 91 3.24 4.20 3.23 2.91 1.68 3.65 3.48 1.91
01-r8I1E 1108TH11. CITIES
All Persons
-Taal. 79,918 71,965 3.833 5,329 4,317 886 77.970 73,116 4,114 5,649 4,612 98365 years and over 6,238 5,955 222 1132 746 73 5,907 5,676 206 942 858 81
In families . 73,929 99,138 3,534 4,199 3,301 759 73 271 68,697 3,9714 4,450 3,540 P77Head, 19 year% and 'over. 2(1,778 19,7091 952 1,108 918 164 20,379 19.337 902 1,187 984 198
Al year9 and over 2,389 2,291 62 180 163 9 2,238 2,141 61 221 193 27
mire f head 19,349 17,531 587 630 549 67 18,066 17,281 632 679 594 80
Related children under 18 years' 29,692 24,734 1,563 2,106 1,592 45(( 26,992 24,865 1,802 2,247 1,709 523Nelared children under 6 years 7,77H 7,189 452 667 301 140 9,049 7,403 524 812 633 167
'dher family me06er,. 1,22 7,165 533 324 242 76 7,933 7,214 539 339 253 74
Mean siae of family. 1..56 3 52 4.15 3.76 3.60 4.63 3,60 3.55 4.30 3.75 3.60 4.43threlatd Individual.; 4,899 4,526 299 1,161 1,017 127 4,699 4,419 236 1,199 ',072 106
65 years and over 1,689 1,392 93 535 4714 57 1,579 1,519 60 588 550 38Male . 1,930 1,742 151 296 247 44 1,890 1,739 130 323 261 47Female... 2,959 2,794 146 R65 770 84 2,809 2,680 106 877 811 59
Persons In Families lin Female Head
floral . . . . 6,057 5,059 877 1,627 1,177 409 5,953 4,993 922 1,739 1,237 495(lead, 16 years and over 1,935 1,680 216 449 340 95 1,882 1,661 210 482 368 111
95 years and over . . . 335 305 22 34 27 3 294 266 20 50 41 9
Related children under IA years'... 2,593 2,066 479 1,011 716 269 2,579 2,030 534 1,077 733 338Rotated children under 9 year, . . 612 466 111 312 222 85 674 510 ,56 377 269 103
',thee family members. 1,530 1,311 183 1914 120 46 1,496 1,3191 178 180 136 44
Moan size of family. . 3.13 1.01 4 06 3.62 3.46 4.31 3.16 3.01 4.39 3.61 3.36 4.46
24
Table 7. METROPOLITAN-NONMETROPOLITAN RESIDENCE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX OFHEAD, AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972-Continued
I Number', in thousands Pr4Onq vs of March of the 2o11.lne sear)
Resdence
19721
1971
'Total Below low-Incom level Total Below 1.-income level
All races whiterNegro All races Chili Negro All races White Negro All races White Negro
1
24ONMFTROV)LITAN AREAS
411 Pro,,na
Total. . . 64,875 59,022 5,339 9,952 7,300 2,471 63,684 57,438 5,753 10,999 7,989 2,606
69 years and over . 7,274 6,696 564 1,816 1,498 312 7,060 6,493 553 2,029 1,721 284
In families . . . . 60,'146 54,936 4,940 8,208 5,813 2,227 59,794 53,717 5,413 9,262 6,494 2,587
(lead, 16 years and over . 17,425 16,167 1,147 2,129 1,617 69 16,792 15,465 1,205 2,325 1,784 510
65 years and over. 2,90(1 2,644 246 508 384 119 2,374 2,616 249 606 481 1211
wife of head 15,287 14,444 755 1,493 1,191 243 14,871 13,931 83(1 1,627 1,327 2110
Related children under IN Years' 21,533 I 19,122 2,498 3,940 2,841 1,209 21,978 19,149 2,479 4,448 2,874 1,463
Related children under 6 veers 6,394 5,659 690 1,190 842 321 6,458 5,543 806 1,388 898 456
Other family members.. . 6,001 9,101 8.111 987 365 1 305 6,152 5,173 899 861 511 335
Moan size of family .. 3 46 3.39 4.31 3,86 3.59 4.75 3.96 3.47 4.49 3.98 3.64 5.07
Unrelated individuals 4,628 4,186 399 1,744 1,487 244 4,089 3,722 340 1,737 1,496 226
65 years and over 2,192 2,025 167 991 863 128 2,028 1,2170 145 1,043 916 115
Male 1,1396 1,461 2(13 49.1 380 102 1,483 1,308 156 521 430 77
Female
heraans in Fact! 1 inn 81113 Fermi., (lead
2,932 2,725 199 1,250 1,1117 142 2,606 2,414 184 1,216 1,066 142
Total . . 5,527 3,992 1,426 2,327 1,284 950 5,233 3,740 1,377 2,416 1,402 961
Head, in years and over 1,716 1,338 342 619 382 210 1,524 1,196 309 616 397 207
65 years and .,...., 397 301 93 106 53 51 321 253 68 125 80 45
Related children unner 18 Yearn'. 2.398 1,609 721 1,390 764 568 2,275 1,575 727 1,445 821 585
Related chlldren under 6 years 1319 385 217 402 231 157 595 342 224 422 239 175
Other family members. . 1,413 1,035 362 316 136 171 1,331 971 340 354 182 165
Mean etre of Ovally. . 3.22 2.98 4.17 3.76 3.36 4.52 3.43 3 13 4.46 3.92 3.53 4.64
'Includes at small number of family heads an'( spouses 14 and 15 years old.
25Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PFRCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND UNRELATED
INDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972,Numbers In thousands /amiltes and unrelated individuals as of March of the folloalng year For this table, families and unrelated individuals reporting
loss In self-employment or rental Income are assigned 4'1.00 in that type of income)
Income ot specified type as ayper. ant f t.oal troom
All races Negro
19'2 1971 1972 1971
Male FemaleTotal
head' head'Total
Male I Femalehead' I head' Total
Male
head'
Femalehea6'
TotalMale
head'
Femaleheed'
FAMILIFSI
;
1
All Income Levels
Income from earnings
Mtal 40,998 44,1116 4,471 48,195 47,306 4,6119 4,473 3,202 1,271 4,415 3,296 1,1251 to 24 percent 2,020 1,399 625 1,836 1,295 5141 143 109 187 292 119 172
25 to 49 percent 1,975 1,421 554 1,925 1,427 458 266 112 194 242 100 13f
50 to 74 percent. 1,514 2,91n 996 .1,805 2,912 893 193 209 431 245 181
75 to 99 percent 22,62 21,017 1,609 21,753 20,224 1,529 1,241 928 713 1,169 913 251
100 percent 114,464 17,265 1,159 18,875 17,696 1,197 2,269 1,961 40% 2,261 1,903 371
Percent I114/ 0 100 0 I(0).)) ioo o foo.o too.o ioo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent . 4.1 3.2 12.6 3 9 2.9 12.4 6.6 3.4 14.7 6.6 3.6 15.:
25 to 44 percent 4.0 3 2 11 1 4.0 3.3 10.6 5.9 3.5 12.1 5.5 3.2 12.]
50 to 74 percent 8.0 6 6 19,8 7.9 6.7 19.0 9.0 6.0 16.4 9.8 7.5 16.:
75 to 9 percent 46 2 47 7 32. 45.1 46.5 32.6 1.7 29.0 24.6 26.5 27.8 22.f100 percent. 37 7 39.2 24.1 39 2 40.7 25.3 5)1.7 58.1 32.1 51.7 57.9 33.:
.,octal ecuritc income
Total 11,199 9,893 2,295 10,1101 8,516 2,085 997 583 414 930 591 331
1 to 2 percent. 4,456 3,440 1,035 4,245 3,264 981 384 207 177 376 231 141
45 to 44 percent. 2,739 2,156 58 2,629 2,11)11 527 261 160 102 212 126 81
5. to 74 percent.. 1,464 1,662 323 1,951 1,643 308 158 103 55 168 117 54
75 to 99 percent. 1,259 1,047 212 1,056 901 155 Ill 67 44 98 69 21
100 percent 745 607 142 720 607 114 83 47 35 77 53 24
Percent 100 0 100.0. 107 0 1110 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1010.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent 39 6 39 3 45.1 40.0 38.3 47.1 38.5 35.4 42.9 40.4 39.0 43.125 to 49 percent 24 5 24.2 24.6 24.7 25.3 26.2 27.4 24.7 22.8 21.3 25.4
50 to 74 percent 17.7 IA 7 14.1 19.4 19.3 14 8 15.8 17.6 13.3 16.1) 19.1 15 1
75 to 99 percent 11.3 11 8 5.2 10.0 10.6 7.4 11.1 11.5 1)1.7 10.5 11.7 8.1
100 percent. 6.7 n.8 6.2 6,9 7.1 5.5 6.4 8.0 8.5 8.3 9.0 7.1
Public assi tance Income
Total,.. 3,627 1,627 2,000 3,506 1,665 1,641 1,357 375 981 1,301 421 881
1 to 24 pe,cent. 1,410 946 46 1,394 978 416 400 200 200 374 217 151
25 to 45 percent . 626 304 322 665 346 319 244 85 158 268 120 141
50 o 74 percent... 414 148 268 356 134 221 170 43 126 140 30 111
75 to 99 percent. 362 93 269 329 74 255 139 17 122 148 24 124
100 percent.... 915 138 677 762 132 630 404 29 375 371 31 341
Percent. .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1
1 to 24 percent. 38.9 58.1 23.2 39.8 58.6 22.6 29 5 53.5 20.4 28.7 51.4 17.1
25 to 49 percent .. 17.3 18.7 16,1 19.0 20.8 17.3 18.0 22.7 16.1 20.6 28.4 16.1
50 to 74 percent. 11.4 1 9.0 13.4 10.2 8.1 12.0 12.5 11.5 12.8 10.8 7.1 12.:
75 to 49 percent... 10.01 5.7 11.5 9.4 4.4 13.9 10.2 4.5 12.4 11.4 5.7 14.1
100 percent . . . 22 . ;8.5 33.9 21.7 7.9 34.2 29.8 7.8 38.2 28.5 7.3 38.1
.ther transfer income'
Total 8,829 7,875 454 9,086 14,203 9143 649 510 699 556 14:
1 to 24 percent. 6,724 6,568 656 6,955 6,366 589 469 374 93 522 431 91
25 to 45 percent . 1,390 1,192 197 1,414 1,206 207 115 86 29 112 78 34
50 to 74 percent. . . 467 388 79 432 377 56 35 24 II 30 24
79 to 54 percent 195 176 19 224 200 24 23 20 3 21 15100 percent. 52 3 61 54 7 7 7 13 8
Percent... 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1
1 to 24 percent . . 76.1 77 0 66 8 76.5 77.6 66.7 72.3 73.2 68.8 74.8 77.5 64.1
25 to 49 percent... 15 7 15.1 20.6 15.6 14.7 23.4 17.7 16.8 21.0 16.0 14.0 23.1
i. to 74 percent. 5.3 4.9 8,3 4.8 4.6 6.3 5.4 4.7 8.0 4.3 4.3 4.1
75 to 99 pe.cent 2 2 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.5 3.9 2.2 3.0 2.7 4.1
100 percent.,
other unearned Income'
0.6 0.7 0.3 9 7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.1
Total.... 26,725 23,651 2.634 24,4145 22,012 2,472 948 707 241 874 601 27:
I to 24 percent. 22,266 20,535 1,73' 20,666 19,032 1,634 807 634 173 702 520 181
25 to 49 percent. . 2,401 1,929 472 2,217 1,794 424 89 53 37 109 57 51
50 to 74 iiTreent. . . 1,046 950 196 996 811 186 26 16 10 24 9 if
75 to 99 percent... 401 282 119 413 3014 105 12 3 8 17 9 1
100 percent . .. 211 96 115 192 68 124 14 1 13 23 6 11
Percent ..... . 100.11 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent.. 84.6 96.7 65.7 R4.4 86.5 66.1 85.1 99.7 71.8 80.3 86.5 66.:25 to 49 percent . 9.1 8.1 17.9 9.1 8.1 17.1 9.4 7.5 15.4 12.4 9.5 18.1
50 to 74 percent . . 4.0 3.6 7.4 4.1 3.7 7.5 2.7 2.3 4.1 2.7 1.5 5.1
75 to 59 percent. 1.2 4.5 1.7 1.4 4.2 1.3 0.4 3.3 1.9 1.5 2.1
100 percent . 11 9 0.4 4.4 0 8 0.3 5.0 1.5 0.1 5.4 2.6 1.0 6.:
See footnotes at end of table.
26
Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND UNRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972-Continued
(Numbers In thousands FamIlles and urelated Indivlluals as of March of the tollostng year. for thls table, families and unrelated Individuals reportinga oto sell - employment or rental me are assIgnen ft tn to tout type td Income.
ill rac.s Near.
1.72 1471 1,172 1071Income .d s p e c t 1 1 , 4 file, .4 a
percent or t oal Income-
Malt. Male 1emale Male 1emale Or Femalefotal
em1' !,,,o14,11
,...0 hyd'fetal
bead' head01,11
head' hitad
VIM11.1131--1o11 ttnued
Helps Low -Income 1.R.,e1
Income from earning,
Total _ 2,112 3,14:- 1 ,337 1,058 93, 110 496 411 495 441
I to 24 percent 611 420 Ate 12. 294 3.10 20), i 147 204 69 137
25 to 49 percent 313 163 147 107 120 37 44 108 38 71
50 to 74 percent 142 Is/ /::1' 222 bill 128 40 88 115 41 66
75 to 99 percent 136 1,1 107 444 148 107 97 35 12 131 76 55
100 percent. 1,118 1.114 2.9 1.176 1.281 295 175 251 125 381 263 118
Percent 100 0 100 0 1011 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1044.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1 to 24 percent 20 R 11 1 31 7 IM 5 12 8 31.2 22 0 13.4 29.6 21.9 13.9 30.7
25 to 49 peccent 10.7 7 7 1, 5 10 7 9.4 15.9 I 15.4 8.4 19.1) 11.5 7.7 15,7
50 to 74 percent 10 7 9.6 11 7 II 3 4 1 15 1 12.7 4.0 17.7 12.2 5.9 14.8
71 to 99 percent 13 6 15.6 9 9 13.1 14 S 10.1 10.1 12.1 8.5 13.9 15.4 12.3
010 percent 44 2 53 0 27 4 46.4 54.8 27.9 10, 1 16 8 25.2 4145 53.) 26.5
Social NecurIty Income
1o1a1. 1,276 871 14.2 1,406 973 43 317 151 161 298 157 141
1 to 24 percent 112 ig 54 113 50 53 52 21 31 41 19 22
25 to 49 percent 48 122
78H'
27. 146 122 71 34 41 73 28
511 to 74 percent '12.1 203 294 195 48 68 311 29 67 34 32
75 to 09 percent 431 226 101 314 271 74 till 25 32 62 40 22
100 percent 344 261 70 387 300 86 62 34 28 55 36 15
Percent. 1121 6 1110.11 100 0 100.0 100 1, 100,0 100.0 10440 i00.0 100.0 100.0 100.1
1 to 24 percent 8 8 6 6 8.0 6 1 12.3 16. 13.4 19.2 13 8 12.1 13 7
25 to 49 percent 11 S 14.0 18 'I 19 2 1.5,2 28 2 23.7 21.7 25.5 24.5 17.8 a1.4
50 to 7.1 percent 22.0 23.2 21.8 20.8 20.0 22.7 21." 24.8 18.0 22 5 21.7 23.f
75 to 99 percent. 25 . 25.0 26 3 24.4 27.91 16.9 19.9 18,5 19.9 20.8 15.1
100 percent.
27.0 AP 3 19 6 27 5 30.0 19.9 15.6 21.7 17.4 18.5 13.1
Public aaststance tncome
Total .1,016 539 1,278 1,799 629 1,171 834 142 692 793 176 611
1 to 24 percent 255 137 118 334 2061 128 8. 45 61 126 55
25 to 49 percent 281 111 148 317 16; 151 141 51 91 125 58 Ri
50 to 74 percent 265 75 189 235 89. 147 117 24 93 96 19 7(
75 to 99 percent 291 72 21!) 232 53 149 121 16 105 121 19 102
100 percent... 717 113 618 6611
116 1.16 :165 23 342 324 26 29f
Percent. 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 190.0 100.f
1 tO 24 percent 14.5 25 4 9.2 18.1 . 32.8 10.5 111.7 20.3 8.8 16.1 31.1 11.5
21 to 49 percent . 15 5 26.2 II 6 17.6 26.2 12.9 16.9 35.7 13.2 15.7 32.8 10.f.
50 to 74 percent 14.6 13.9 14 8 13.1 14.1 12.6 14.0 16.8 13.4 12.1 1)1.7 12.3
75 to 99 percent 16.0 13.4 17.1 14.0 0,4 17.0 14.5 11.2 15.2 15.2 10.7 16.f
1110 percent. 39.5 21.0 47.3 20.7 18.4 46.6 43.8 16.1 49.4 40.8 14.7 48.4
0theR transter Income'
Total. 417 348 1 10n 545) 397 118 48 116 69 41
1 to 24 percent,''I'i:
160 A. 213 118 45 55 61 44 11
23 to 49 wrcent. . 76 .12 147 97 4!) II 27 8 If.
50 to 71 pervent 63 4J 19 84 75 8 7 4 9 5
75 to 99 percent . 42 6 34 4 27 12 7 1 14 8
too percent . :12 29 3 22 19 3 5 4
Percent._ OM 0 11441,11 100 0 1011.0 100.01 100.0 100.0 1111 100.0 (0. 151
1 to 24 percent.. 44 7 46.2 39 4 42.3 I 43.5 36.1 56.1 161 fhl 52.6 '11 151
25 to 49 percent. 24.6 22.5 32 3 29.2 25.1 41 9 24.5 (III 111) 23.3 '1) 101
50 to 74 percent . 14 1 12.7 19 2 16.1 19.4 6.8 7.1 111) OW 7.8 '6 (III
75 to 99 percent.. 9.4 10.1 6.1 7.7 7.0 10.3 7.1 HA 111) 12.1 '5 101
100 percent.. . 7.2 8.4 3.0 4.4.
4.9 2.6 5.1 150 1111 4.3 II 10/
Other unearned Income.
Total. I 028 194 d7.1 41941 536 458 154 59 95 135 25 Ilf
1 to 24 percent 571 386 185 525 260 161 93 44 49 61 15 4f
25 to 49 percent 196 91 101 161 59 101 31 R 23 1 a:
50 to 74 percent 65 34 A2 1117 36 71 12 4 8 11 1 If
75 to 99 percent. 92 . 41 41 90 51 34 7 2 5 12 5 1
100 percent.. 114 43 71 111 30 82 13 1 11 17 3 11
Percen1. 111(/ 0 100.0 100.0 100.11 1491 0 100.0 100.0 151 100.0 100.0 (0) 0(10.1
1 tn 21 percent. 64 5 42.6 52.8 67.2 36.0 55.6 161 51.0 44.9 111) 41.f
25 to 49 percent 19.1 16.2 11.0 22.1 19.9 Wit 24.0 25.7 III) 30.1
50 to 74 percent. 6 3 5.7 7.4 10.8 6.7 15 1 7,7 WA 8.3 8.1 110 9.1
75 to 99 percent A . 0 6 9 9.1 9.1 9.5 8.5 4 5 5.2 8.8 (61 6.4
100 percent 11 I 7.2 I6.4 11.2 5.6 17.9 8.3 (n) 11,5 12.3 OW 12.1
See footnotes at end Of table
27
Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND I.INRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972-Continued
,Numbers In thoesands. Families and ahrelated 11141vIduals as of March of the tolloving yeat ha thls table, families and unrelated indivIduals report tug4 tin in sell -emnlovment or rental Income are assi,,ned 1 00 In that type of income,-
All races segr,
1972 1971 1 1972 1471
!1--
I
Male en, I e Male . iemale I Male lecn! Male templeTotal 14..il rotal
1head' neat!' head' , head. head' i head' heml' head'
Income at specified type as Afierce, 1. ia1 19, mt
s8211..8TEI, INDIA lot A1...9
All Income Levels
10,0/12 5,009
Incame ram earcinas
Total1 to 24 percent 631 21.21 to 49 percent 867 11
50 ro 74 percent 71.1 Vhf75 to 94 percent 1,2f, 1,620100 percent 1,779 2,481
Percent. . . 10o 10,, 0
io 24 percent 8 1 I 4 4
25 to 49 bervent 6 610 to 74 percent 7 I I 0
74 to 99 percen' 12 '1 1 32
on pat:ten: 17 4
.Social acturfIn
total. 6,119 1,1.31 10 24 perve8. 623 16225 co 9 per.ent . 1,466 381
50 to 74 percent. 1,048 112
75 to 99 percent 1.269 229100 percent 1,354 336
Percent 100 II 100 o
1 t. 24 percent , . 8 10 825 to 19 percent. . 23 1 24 230 ti 74 percent 25 9 27 475 o 19 percent 19 4
100 percent .
public assistance Income
21.2 , 22 4
Tete! 1,351 3991 to 24 percent 254 7225 to to percent inn 81
50 to 74 percen'.. 186 5675 to 99 percent. 74 22100 percent.. . 137 IAN
Percent.1 to 24 percent25 to 49 percent50 to 74 percent73 to 99 percentIon percent
other trans.` -r Income'
total
1 to 24 percent .
23 to 49 percent50 to 74 percent...75 to Si percent1.00 pert er.
Percent.1 to 24 percent25 to 49 percent,lo to 7' percent..75 to 99 percent100 percent
tither unearned income
rotal.
1 to 24 percent.25 to 49 percent.10 to 74 percen'75 to 99 percent1W) percent .
Percent1 to 24 percent25 to 41 percent10 to 74 percent75 to 18 percent100 percent
See footnotes at end of table
4,071 9,820 4,041
412 who 224.
416 63. 236 , 143
419 717 . 263 151
1,6.. 1, 132 I, 524 1,,72,199 4,72, 2, 472 2,144
100 n 1.0 1 100.0, 100.06.1 1 6.2 4.6 7.7. 2 0 4 4.9 7 9
8.3 7.5 5 81 9.132.1 31 9 31 51 32 243.3 18.0 53.1
461
1,102
1,236
1,018
1,01.
100 o
22.721 5
21.4
21.0
956
181
22.
130
365
0,011 1 1,159, 1,653576 1.12 446
1,493 3,54 1,1191,002 400 1,202
997 1821 609
1,342 285 1,057
1,1, 11
2.1 4
26.616 422 3
1,338209
315
1:4
00560
1011, 11
9 726.029 4
13.8
21 0
1.0.09 fi
24
25 N17 1
22 7
3981 941
18 15377 236521 141
25 35187 371
1,246 6263 771
27 I
71 -14
264 116
NAN 47m j
1011.0
3.9
6.1
111,8
6..1
100.0
1.1
5.5
5.716.5
67 3
363
21
86
192
92
172
Inn n
34.1
30.6
41161
101
44
24
179
100 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 1011.n 0,0.0 Inn.°
14 7 In. 0 18.9 15. 0 I 14.1 16 3 15.3
22.7 20 3 23.6 23 5 I 19.4 25.1 24.613 7 14 0 13 A 1.5 I3 1 15.0 10.7
5 5 5 5.1 4.5 i 6.3 3.7 9.8
31 3 12 1 38 2 11.91 47 I 19 7 13.0
2,1711 1,051 1,120866 493 17165i 260 116347 147 205161 /44 76
146 75 7n
100 rl1,1 4
3,1 I10
7 46.7
7,3174,1151,241801
351
356
IOn62 317 1
10 4
4 21
4.9
100.016
24 7
13 5H
7 1
2,1021,69;
1052226516
100.070 112 7
a 23 1
4.0
100.o
33 3
15.1
18 1
6
6 2
4,114
2,860145
579
269
262
100.0
58.2
19 2
11.8
1 5
5.3
2,074804578
362
177
155
100.03k 727 .17 4
as7 5
7,10n1,261
1,112ROO
314
351
100an 318.1
11.35.0
5 0
1,0711 1,001
4011 296229 1.111
l5R 30404 8381 70
100.0 100.047.1 29 521 1 34.04
14.7 211 4
8.7 8 37.4 7.0
2,2601,5.4
318
IRS
11
R5
100.070 1
14 1
8.1
3 8
4,1410
2,697995617
263
268
100.055.720.612 75 4
5 1
216
71
26
A
100 0
37.032.913.0
3.7
13.4
293190
21
25
100 067.7
14.1
7,4
2.58.8
35
03
33
74
100.04.7
16.3
29 315.3
34.1
151
20
28
1H
77
100.013.2
18.5
12.9
5.3
51.0
129
17
37
16
13
100 044.228 7
12 4
4.7
lo 1
11R
78
14
It
14
100.066.1
11 9
6.8
3.4
II 1
555 1,153 621
36 65 21
42 01
27 71
49 166 146
300 7.7
100.06.5
4 9
16.165 0
.1.17
12
91
128
5a98
100 o
14.7
16.617 0
26043732610
102
100
16 528 1
lit.))
6.239.2
67
2334
12
16
loom26.439.113.11
2.3
18.4
n Ill. n
5.3
14.4
14.406.3
Inn. a
3.4
3.6
13.9
73 7
5117 167
30 10
119 37
131 3657, 21
161 63
100.0
23 5
25.9
12.8
31.e
3984082
54
15
206
100 010 1
20 7
:3.851.8
197
75
5302
7
33
110.0
38.1
16.2
3.616.8
165 260
112 160
20 38
23
13
11 26
100.0 100.0
67.9 01.515.0 14.0
7.9 8.8
1.81 5.0
0.7 10,0
100.0
6.022,1
21 6
12.6
37.7
110
12
15
fi69
lilt,
10.9
13.6
5.5
62.7
416
a2
24
IR
21
100.0
44.820.7
15.5
0.9
18.1
105
60
13
15
12
100.0
12.1
14.3
4.14
11.4
533
44
11
40MO
330
100 o
8,37.3
7.5
15.061.1
34020
H2
9644
98
100.05.9
24.1
28.212. I
28.8
288
29
67
46
9
137
100.010.1
23.3
16.03.1
47.6
MI
23
27
14
12
loom28.932.917.1
7.3
14.6
154
100
25
14
100.0
64,516,1
5.2
5.7
0.0
28
Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOMEFAMILIES AND UNRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972Continued
177
;1 7
II 1
7 7
%?.
:11
77
. 4;11,, 7
II :!
17 2 24i ..1.1 2 12
1
tat
Tab
le 9
. ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
-PE
RS
ON
S B
Y F
AM
ILY
ST
AT
US
AN
D R
AC
E: 1
969
TO
197
2.
rt,
$
I ..s
77
laleA
0...t
Is
,
J.I.
s7
ar. 1
.1 m
ot
t3
1.10
11I.
s
.10
is c
: .11
I,',,, I,
It IIS
I'
202
711
277
741
.1
.1,
1..;
112
.3
11
'9
.7
09S
211
001
401
1s'
Sl,
191
,1:1
171
112
93
1I,
'l'
'2
121
11
1.0
571,
12./.
114w
!13
571
'.
67'
I1.
1
.1
7l,
417
.1
2.
5n13 :
305
110
117
i51
.0.
12'
,1A 1
11,
31,
63
29
,:
270
21
10
11
I.7
.6
17
:,
13I6
,8
16
72
,1
11I'
1.1
,5
17
hm 1
31 ,
hl
31 i
it
11
,47
7
3111
1
52 i
22
S
7 5;
.4
,
0/ 073i
.,0io
s 1i
,el
511
fA9.5
.9 ;
2,
a
1
h,
1
lao,o74
1..21,
...
,,
17
0.110
177.4.,
17.1h,
7.,
17).,t,
3 . 1 . 7 2
1 0 , 4 , 1
1. 7 1 5
11
7. . 1
1. , 111,
17. 170
1 It
1 31A alt. -
.
7,001
1
7.21,
h174
I
4,131
173,1
A.71A1
1.010
:5, .
5 , ....tr..
.0,1 ...ter
117M
1.,Ir
ma I..
1.
1,12,
311
1
1.10,,
95 years .1.6! 0,0r.
..
its
:61
71,
....
139
Atte 31
Itt..1
4,,I
l1.
7,1
,,
1I,
.3, .
1,11
11511
l''.7,0
Related .htlaren under IS tears
.1_117
:51.
Other !al.'s members
..
17.3,3 ,
01,
.1?
1
17.4..
:7.3.1
5 ,
16,.14
m,,,,
, , , , ,
, 0 lamIlv...
31,
A Ah
397
, 70
:
A17
A .1.
13
773 79
tnrelat tndtvtd0als
11,19,,
3,3,1
1 . ,11,
1,1",'
I ,'21
11,211
1.211
I .t . 113
12,17A
..1s5
1.021
1.1.7
.51.
.1-1
art ant ""1.
1.2,1
'3.1
Is..
1.173
33S;
167
4:11
1,231
11,,
n."10,
2013
s . -7."
hs I
2.633
.51,
I,353
1,675
0,6
131
1511
3,891
I .0..2
51171111
1,31...
'''''
23,111
7,771
I,737
1.603 :
.10
1.1
Illta
rnt:,
,...
21 ,1
1s3
1,05
5:
, 001
1 ,:"
I,11
,J, ,
16ye
a, .0
,0 ,,
,,.r.
,.",,,161
137.
37.a
:
6a years and over
001
1141
;2
1, e
mu'
,.I,
nil.
971
1..,,
;69
nears att.! .Ver
'21.
.75
27W1fe Af head
3,10a
513
Related ..htlarr under IS years
n.114
1.019
n41
77..
!
Other :artily members ....
..
3,105
176S
267
Mean sile 01 famlly..
...
4.01
.1.511
1.30
.
Irelated tudiv1d0a1A
2.025
787
1117
9i
117
\!. le
I
1,11
1'S
1
338
70
6: ,.cure and over,-
201
;110
31I
11
Female
531
106 !
7.
6:: years And ..,er
341
236
52 I
- _----------
----__
-_
.._
----t
NA Nor avallab1e.
'Based on 1970 cenau9 9.41111411On controls; thereI0re, not s rtt114 comparable to data I,- ...triter year,
httb
14. ba
n 1961. 11.11SUN p0pulatbm ....tr.qs
s, pa
2 i..r .apiara
'Includes a small number o
fatally heads and spouses 14 and
15years old
1.127
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,S
EX
, AN
D R
AC
E: 1
969
TO
197
2'Sumbers In thousands.
Persons, families. and unrelated Individuals as .1 March
Ike tollowIng year'
Selected characteri,l'es
1972'
4012
tmale
1971'
Male
All
Female
1970
Stile
Femal2
146')
Male
Female
1972'
Male
Female
1471'
Male
Negro
Female
197o
Mal,
1969
Male
".4,
14I
PERS4NS
Educational Attainment
Between 100 and 125 percent
of the low-income level
Total, 22 years old and over
2.174
3,370
2,389
3,47R
2,291
3,183
2,275
3,155
346
579
445
640
415
512!
123
673
No school years completed
70
66
72
67
55
72
77
24
12
21
12
20
22
13
Elementary
954
1,305
1,1)13
1.3Ar1
1.49
1,244
1,1510
1,342
104
211
203
269
201
182
221
225
1to 5 years
342
329
369
336
330
291
353
339
62
71
108
117
149
54
148
93
6 to 8 years
613
977
734
1,047
719
954
776
1,042
143
144
96
193
45
113
132
High school
848
1.604
945
1,697
(199
1.576
826
1,466
145
299
192
323
169
297
168
3o6
1to 3 years
367
717
404
758
402
716
394
679
73
163
14,1
173
85
170
90
165
4 year
482
884
540
940
497
859
434
786
72
137
89
149
84t
123
771
142
College (1 year or more/
301
395
277
324
277
306
246
274
14
53
24
34
21
21
111
28
Percent not a high school graduate
64.
62.1
65.8
63.6
66.2
63.4
70.1
66.5
75.3
67.2
7.14
71.5
71.7
71.2
79.1)
70.3
Between 125 and 154 percent
of the lcm-Income level
Total, 22 years old and over
2,561
3,326
2,821
3,360
2,787
3,354
2,636
3,201
368
462
56
538
403
609
455
489
No school years completed
62
62
53
40
52
3R
46
4R
15
916
316
317
R
Elementary
992
1,132
1,050
1,130
1,120
1,141
1,135
1,113
153
164
184
189
103
106
193
17i
1to 5 years
283
254
285
235
318
257
346
232
73
62
69
64
78
74
81
43
6 to 8 year'
710
876
766
894
803
841
788
883
80
99
111
127
106
114
113
13(1
High school
1,130
1,761
1,230
1,820
1,262
7,792
1,154
1,732
166
264
208
311
188
241
170
259
1to 3 years
481
680
472
781
545
R34
495
750
91
120
112
167
14/
156
99
134
4 years
648
1,082
757
1,0.10
716
958
660
981
75
143
97
145
84
134
72
125
College II year or more)
378
371
487
370
351
3110
300
307
33
30
55
34
16
24
25
49
Percent not a high school graduate
60,0
36.3
55.9
911.4
61.1
60.1
63.6
59,8
74.6
62.6
67.0
66.9
75.2
41,5
64.5
Work Experience
Between 100 and 125 percent
of the low-income level
Total. 22 to 64 years old
1.465
2,068
1,623
2,243
1,574
2,060
1,535
2,035
263
461
331
497
333
423
361
401
Worked
1.169
991
1,310
1,038
1,296
1,016
1,289
955
203
267
263
274
259
253
:29
285
Full time
1,029
661
1,157
652
1,165
657
1,160
618
173
185
232
171
230
167
279
193
50 weeks or more
621
310
714
279
694
274
007
264
112
108
146
84
131
84
198
94
40 to 49 weeks
109
61
137
76
195
16
131
77
20
18
30
18
55
16
30
23
27 to 39 weeks
118
79
130
105
12/
81
R3
57
10
22
20
2R
21
20
IR
26 weeks or less
IRO
213
177
194
156
225
144
219
2A
37
36
41
24
31
!61
Part time
140
330
153
386
131
359
130
336
30
112
3:
99
28
116
24
93
50 weeks or more
46
117
65
132
64
122
54
131
812
37
10
27
10
46
40 to 49 weeks
22
30
17
26
11
39
13
25
64
49
5IA
24
27 to 39 weeks
20
43
19
50
12
31
18
39
46
16
14
13
26 weeks or less
54
143
56
181
50
167
45
143
13
25
12
39
13
33
30
Did not work
267
1,094
255
1,204
222
1,064
198
1,079
193
61
225
5173
52
197
Main reason for not working:
111 or disabled
183
173
174
172
141
135
129
119
44
57
39
61
44
10
38
15
keeping house
848
946
872
906
119
148
122
141
Going to school
23
26
16
26
20
10
15
12
5In
46
14
3Unable to find work
24
18
17
27
10
25
11
A7
24
Retired
23
16
30
20
51
22
50
30
1
14
Other
14
13
17
12
4In Armed Forces
28
58
55
61
912
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
DIN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,S
EX
, AN
D R
AC
E: 1
969
TO
197
2Con
tinue
d,comb,.,_ th thooAkhd,
19722
1971'
1.nalv
111
rte..,
1915.45.41
tontitossi
.rk 1.tw. rt
cot. t tem,
and unrelated ludIvItinals as -.1
..IIn,
11
yeat
total. 72
t a 64 ye tr., old
14,1101
'
2.231
2.0)6
2.353
.2.022
w.rk
11.1.
1.75)
1.167
1,732
Pull
t one
1.3A4
1 ...t7
1.623
.979
1,1o,
10 to .19 week.
119
JAI
2.1
27 to 311 weeks
137
1141
11.1
113
26 weeks or IA,-
161
237
904,
247
156
Part lime
132 I
120,
118
102
107
50 weeks or more
121
nt.
157
3H
40 to 44 ,....140
10
59
12
27 to 39 A .... k.
110
Iii
3m
111
Did not work
Main rea.em for not warking.
2541
Ill or disabled
145
Keening house
Going to sett
1124
Unable to f1mi work
18
Heflred
48
Other
18
In Armed forces
70
ccupatton .1,1.11 lass of Worker or 1,0gesT
010
Between 100 and 125 percent
of the low-Income level
work..., 22 to 64 )1,41, old
1,169
Wage aod salary workers, including government
970
Professional and managerial
100
Clerical and sales
67
Craft
and kindred workers
100
Operatives including transport
261
Laborers, except tarn:
161
Farm laborers, managers and supervisors
70
Service workers, except private household
116
Private household workers
2
Self-employed, farm
54
Self-emyloyed, other
142
Unpaid family worker
5
Between 125 and 150 percent
of the low-Income level
Worked, 22 to 64 years old
1.486
Wage and salary workers, including government
1.252
Professional and managerial
168
Clerical and sales
128
Craft
and kindred workers
283
Operatives including transport
343
Laborers, except farm
138
Farm laborers, managers and supervisors
63
Service workers, ecept private household
130
Private hoUgebolo workers
2
Self-employed, farm
82
Self-employed. other
147
Unpaid family workers
3
See footnotes at end of table.
141
104
1.113.
217
1.111
201
13H
1114
102
.4o,
1.026
32
17
12
2.
I I
31
I
11
23
83
110
22
'II
2112
,11S2
2,32s
1,201
1.79.
1 ....Di
70
aa17
719
317
!1.163
321
797
103
251
111
217
412
120
Asti
143
142
57
12
3.
176
71"
1:2111
11,
1.231
1117
17
17
77
107
2n
31
02
917
III
1 .71.
176
394
117
1.1
lot
It,.,
11
1:1
71
n 7
fo
110
1.70
1069
val,
1vt1e
11,,..tt
111
to
21 11
1
047
1,311
1.1138
1.294
1,014
1,289
955
203
267
212
271
259
09.1
1,004
401
1,079
902
1,049
0.13
187
257
255
248
116
93
77
113
96
100
49
323
11
G5
177
01
220
92
199
76
170
16
40
10
39
19
10
216
7108
13
201
618
131
-20
173
326
181
314
187
331
211
64
46
94
11
,A,
71
8198
0104
IR
164
551
16,2
27
29
55
21
01
24
61
26
13
315
3I
205
110
469
124
255
113
229
21
00
31
07
35
93
2110
2110
2136
64
70
2
in
106
0914
195
33
2-
1
40
110
49
120
40
135
51
15
64
10
10
42
01
271
11
59
53
1,088
1,756
1,169
1,732
1,2C1
1,729
1.098
247
235
341
258
297
956
1,461
1,047
1,447
1,051
1.459
950
233
231
305
252
277
01
171
104
176
97
134
77
16
710
12
R
253
130
283
117
266
148
210
11
39
17
44
16
14
300
15
3114
10
321
10
32
1
49
540
220
451
214
419
222
454
227
63
57
InEt
39
64
19
192
8199
14
197
754
552
679
18
53
21
64
17
59
11
21
515
216
288
180
307
149
292
143
263
36
04
50
91
30
61
497
4132
2119
31
452
3
787
91(6
4104
63
25
67
179
44
176
70
162
69
14
424
215
57
867
276
273
71
2
'2,10
,211
201
41.3
111
217 12
12:
63
209
200
'410 2
53 7 81
02 2 1
5,1
151a
299
2k.
277
276\
7to \
14
32
\
29
1
111 65
1
12
2
36
87 7.
2
21
0
320
277
304
259
12
14
25
30
51
1
93
49
71
2
10
1
39
80
179
3
21
11 7
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
1.0
W-
INC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,
Selected characteristics
FAMILIES
Educational Attainment of Head
Between 100 and 125 percent
of the 1.w-income level
Total, 22 years old and over
No school years completed
Elementary
1to 5 yearn
6 to 8 years
H1gh school
1 to 3 years
4 yea r
College it yeur or
Pr
lent not a high school graduate
Between 125 and 150 percent
of the low-income level
Total, 22 years old and over
Sc school years completed
Elementary
1to 5 years
6 to 8 years
High school
1to 3 years
4 years
College ll veer or morel
Percent not a high school graduate
Work Experience of Head
Between 100 and 125 percent
or the low-income level
Total, 22
t,. 64 yuart old
Worked
Full t
'weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or less
Part time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 week
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or less
Old not work
Main reason for not working:
tll or disabled
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to find work
Retired
Other
In Armed Forces.
See footnotes at end of table.
SE
X, A
ND
RA
CE
: 196
9 T
O 1
972-
Con
tinue
dINumbers in thousands.
Pers.ns, famtlies, and unrelated individuals as of March of the 111,..ing year/
or2
%lie
Female
All races
1971'
Male
Female
hale
1.611
559
1.914
48
13
45
713
:165
826
250 ,
45
259
464
122
566
656
333
759
284 ,
153
327
371
180
432
194
15
194
64.9
59.7
66.0
7.979
4.:`
2,217
12
39
42
767
114
R21
211
28
217
556
87
603
913
2110
1,013
375
96
3R9
539
183
623
259
43
340
59.7
1,132
9.19
865
573 99
93
Ill 94
30
11
16 27
151
117
10
11 26
49.7
56.5
438
280
210
122 2329
39 70
34 7
27
15 7
37
113 4
1,259
1,061
987
631
114
114
128
94
39 12
12
30
126
94 2 6 19 5 53
542 15
IRO .
39
142
313
140
17233
1970
Female
1,731
39
45
5
797
151
249
14
149
107
no
250
106
392
143
177
34
67.1
67.1
399
103 29 72
245
107
13R52
2.220
35
971
231
6.10
1,054
44R
605
262
52.1
61.0
412
267
198 97
22
324R
69
28 8 14
20
175 32
125 7 4 4
1,214
1,051
975
615
167
93
99
76
41
22
114 82 3
24
49
59.7
" 1 '
2
134
31
103
200
Ion
100
46
61.8
359
219
15675
19
24
36
63
22
11
22
140
14
120 2 2
1969
Male
renal,
1,739
49
9511
265
506
66 7"
325
342 73!
70.4:
2,143 30
R96
259
638
997
428
561
228
63.2
1,199
1,047
97:17
11970
97
59
197/'
Male
I
493
'
236
3IS
194
114
49
15
136
69
45
I2o
49
137
47
41
12
63.4
75.1
353
123
37
/16
205
71
134
21
56.0
400
254
192 9630
15 39
72
27 5 3
2n
36
110
146
72 6
30
45
16
121 2 3
2531097
19
4R
125
5966
23
65.0
191
163
143 97
IR
10
IR
20 5 4
26
25
175
55 16
38
11059
52 8
65.9
110
2n 6
14
R5
42 13 7
55.4
148 95
72
Sn 7 6
23
15 7
5.1
21
31
vegro
1971'
Male
iFemale
1970
I1969
Vale
Female
Male
female
312
,
170
275
,
126
29R
157
v:
315
12
137
!
62
113
341
15
62
66
.76
'
99
21
IF::
71
,69
'
29
AA
40
133
:
103
-
74
120
AR
49
53
11
66
45
57
,19
'
32
51
1 7
'
a9
I I
6
75.5
,65.7
77.
18.3
78.2
69.9
322
199
16
133
13
56
13
77
28
141
62
91
39
62
23
32
71.0
73.4
219
111
176
115
23
15
23
15 1. 4
1 11
16
1.19
86
61 32 4
16
25
13 2 5 5
17
40 1 3
283
1 1
1''1
1.4
II
'
1
127
II
141
39
56
11,
55
10
70
29
87
28
135
1135
54
74
:31
N9
22
Mn
'
3.
55
33
IR
10
67.1,
70.1
58.7
220
112
,250
I83
75
i222
165
-
53
214
155
I26
15
,
617
IR
19 5 2
23 3
I
140 95
72
52
24
15
no
24
I44
10
IR
77
4
121
10
33
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,S
EX
, AN
D R
AC
E: 1
969
TO
197
2Con
tinue
d
Selected eharaeterlsties
FAMILIES--ContinutA
Wor1,14.31n2rteree
Or3,1 ,Nolnned
Retween 125 and 15o poreen,
of 'he °'~~ level
Mts.'. 22 to 64 years old
Worked
Full time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or ipso
Port time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or
Did not
not work
Rain reason for not working:
111 or disabled
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to find work
Retired
Other
In Armed Forces
Income of Specified Type [LS POreent
pf Total Income
Between 100 and .125 percent
of the low-Income level
Income from~~~"
1 to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Social Security income
1 to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Public assistance income
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Other transfer payments'
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Other unearned income'
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
See footnotes at end of table.
-
to72- 1
1-71Ale
I
Female
1
24
143
811
13 4
31 13
67
370
?.
221
124 33
41
111
16
17
14
101
211
75 5 2
male
111 raers
1,71'
FyntAly
MAI0
1.653
3111
1.158
2119
.'70
370
195
9811
132
1511
17
132
28
129
20
86
74
37
37
11
12
12
6
30
17
117
77
39
15 2 7
79
14
57 1 3 1
.661
.466
.195
,1113
183
1.9
.2
69
2. 9 4
26
110
72 3
30
R7
ten.1) 320,
231
142
108 29
351
43
21 5
11 02
57
1.910
272
1.477
192
1,411
157
1.077
88
173
21
87
13
77
25
67,
33
22
11
1..
14
3
21
12
113
171
17 1
32
MO
.310
11.11,11y
26
190
171
114 20 19
13
19 5 1 3 3
46
83
75
48 6
15 2 4 2
13 1
12
2,0
40
217
94
239
57
199
11
'.2`)
23
5
21
12
11'
7
17
12
22 10
11
----
-ic
or,
..--
IL, I
v
1
/..,..
. I.. -
I
IN
r,
It
23
1
1,292
395
1.106
399
(NA/
(NA)
(NA)
(NA,
220
142
262
129
(NA)
'NA)
(NA 1
INA )
211
133
182
148
INA)
INA1
(NA)
(NA1
36
31
40
49
(NA/
151/
1111 1
(SA/
411
158
435
/46
(NA/
(NA)
1NA/
1NA)
53
67
92
44
IS.41
IS1)
IN11
INA/
670
104
560
104
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NAI
129
43
141
36
(NA/
(SA1
INA)
1NA,
599
192
566
201
(NA)
(SA1
,NA)
(NA,
70
44
89
3R
1SA1
fNA
;(NA.
1441
150
101
14R
110
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
31
34
32
24
INA.
'NA
)(NA,
NA
1317
61
200
76
(NA,
(NM
(NA,
(NA,
37
752
10C
NA
,54
I(NA1
INA,
131
27
130
15
(NA)
(NA)
INA/
(NA)
14
54
1NA)
(NA,
(NA.
1NA1
214
259
160
247
INA)
(NA/
(NA)
(NA)
55
109
80
113
CNA,
!SA/
(SAI
!SA1
160
129
125
107
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA/
42
62
68
42
INA/
ISA/
11141
(NA,
10
74
27
72
1101
(NA/
(NA/
1NA/
10
21
936
(NA,
,A,
INA1
13
56
766
(74/
(NA,
(NA)
(NA1
325
335
(NA,
CNA,
CN
Ac
4NA
C
262
75
257
75
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
30
17
40
14
(NA)
ISA/
(NA/
(SA/
217
64
214
61
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
22
14
35
13
(NA,
(NA,
(NA,
39
11
39
15
(NAI
(NA/
(NA)
(NA)
93
6I
INA/
111.11
IZAA:
(NA)
54
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
--
(NA/
(NA/
INA/
1 SA 1
399
165
443
161
(NA)
(NA)
(NA1
(NA/
21
24
40
29
INA/
(SA1
(NA/
INA/
370
117
416
134
INA1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
21
22
37
26
(NA,
,NA,
(NA/
(NA1
21
36
26
21
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
-2
13
(NA,
,NA)
(NA/
(NA)
812
26
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
INA,
--
I(NA,
iNA1
(NA)
(NA,
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,S
EX
, AN
D R
AC
E: 1
969
TO
197
2Con
tinue
d(Numbers in thousands.
Persons. families, and unrelated individuals as of March of the following year)
Selected characteristics
FAMILIESContInued
Income df Specified Type as
1972'
Female
1971'
Male
All rac.
Female
1970
Male
Female
1469
Male
Femal
Vale
Nygrio
1474
t Female
Male
Female
1909
i
Female
1471'
Male
Male
t!
Male
Female
Percent of Total IncomeContinued
Between 125 and 150 percent
of the lee-Income level
Income from earnings
1,623
301
1,910
337
INA,
ISA,
(s4/
(NA/
231
104,
314,
46
'NA,
cs4/
'NA)
Na'
tto 49 percent
107
102
234
67
PICA)
(Na)
(NA)
'NA).
In'
29,
26
21
"NA/
,s4,
'NA)
NA ,
Sin to 99 percent
516
175
676
154
(NA)
INA)
INA)
(NA)
71
135
91
42
(NA,.
(NA)
'NA)
'54)
lint percent
909
84
1,000
97
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
143
401
198.
33
'54)
(NA)i
(NA)
ISA)
Social Security Income
683
172.
644
126
INA)
INA)
INA)
INA)
65
23
54!
32
INA('
'NA':
(44)
INA)
1to 49 percent
44
206
50
INA/
(NA'
INA)
INA)
33
12
33.
25
(NA,
'NA'
INA)
No to 99 percent
353
lo. percent
129
71
307
62
INA)
(NA)
(NA,
16
41
INA)
INA,
(SA)
NA I
2.39
1(2,
7"s4):
'NA..
INA'
(NA)
(NA,
'NA,
INA)
(NA,
Public assistance Income
173
152
173
143
(NA)
(NA)
INA,
(NA)
43
52
38
45
INA'.
(NA,
(NA'
ISA,
1to 49 percent
142
105
158
67
(NA)
INAI
(NA)
(NA)
36
29!
34
30
INA):
INA'
INA/
(NA)
50 to 99 percent
16
35
11
25
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
719'
INA)
(NA'
(NA)
INA'
100 percent
13
.4
11
(NA)
(NA)
/NA)
'NA)
41
6(SA)
(NA',
INA)
INA,
Other transfer payments.
303
69
441
63
INA)
(NA)
(NA)
INA,
31
In'
ISA)
INA'.
(NA'
INA,
1to 49 percent
261
62
392
55
(NA)
(NA)
(NA'
INA'
28
11
45
16
(NA)
(NA'
(NA)
(NA)
5(1 to 99 percent
40
642 ,
5(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
3INA)
(NA,
INA'
INA)
100 percent
31
INA'
(NA)
INA)
INA/
2INA)
"NA'.
(NA)
(NA)
Other unearned income.
6)11
173
653
168
INA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)'
26
20
37
20
(NA)
(SA,
INA)
INA)
1to 49 percent
557
147
624
144
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
INA)
27
17
36
27
'NA,
(NA,
'NA)
INA)
50 to 99 percent
38
24
24
20
(NA)
I(NA)
INA)
INA)
41
INA,
INA'
(NA)
INA)
100 percent
63
f.
4INA)
(NA'
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
'NA'
(NA)
ISA)
CNRELATED INDITIDCALS
Educational Attainment
Between 100 and 125 percent
of the low-income level
Total, 22 years old and over
405
1,066
344
967
336
087
317
771
67
105
55
115
39
64
554
642
So school years completed
14
19
18
711
11
17
45
32
Elementary
1to 5 years
18171
474 99
177
65
434
98
151
36
404
72
168
368
52
70
41
13
49
10
66
25
37
21 5'
34
11
32
11
31
15
6 to 8 years
108
375
112
336
116
333
116
298
27
28
13
34
16
21
22
16
High school
125
398
92
309
103
330
AR
309
21
37
11
36
23
25
21
23
1 to 3 years
52
189
37
162
41
142
44
159
11
24
723)
1(1i
12
13
15
4 years
72
210
55
225
62
191
45
150
911
412
13
13
fl
A
College Il year or more)
07
174
68
125
76
142
S2
78
15
4A
Percent not a high school graduate
60.6
64.0
64.5
63.7
59.2
62.6
69.7.
7..5
75.0
81.4
(B)
(II,
(Ill
Between 125 and 150 percent
of the low-Income level
Total, 22 years old and over
No school years completed
391 7
781
12
393 5
671
332 4
626 5
267 fl
576
09
70
56
65
38
55
35
50
Elementary
151
307
158
263
15n
242
149
244
32
39
22
36
19
22
23
27
1 to 5 years
44
64
41
52
53
44
54
39
14
17
14
10
12
6 to 4 years
105
243
116
231
98
199
92
206
19
23
19
21
12
13
11
19
High school
141
328
124
285
115
263
71
242
24
36
23
27
13
29
424
I to 3 years
68
150
47
130
63
122
27
115
17
21
12
11
14
117
4 years
71
178
70
155
54
139
46
125
714
11
16
315
37
College (1 year or more)
93
133
106
03
62
114
39
86
In
36
22
7
Percent not a high school graduate
57.7
60.1
53.2
62.9
65.3
59.4
68.0
63.5
(11
00.0
(B)
(B)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,
level rl
level
(Numbers
1970
--
F. emale
29n
194
135
7(1
16
17
31 5926 13
14
96
4335
13 2
258
198
160 59
23
25
43
38 18 6 6
10
59
23 29 5
350
115
91
143
SE
X, 1971'
Male 162'
10777
31
13
25
I30
I15 1 .7
52
31 3 4
217
180
144 58
17
24
42
36 13 5
19
34
21 3 3 4 4
200
48
50
193
AN
D R
AC
E:
All races
Female 268
liE
13
12
21
74 35
11 5
24
108
5632 6 2
1(1
213
173
106 46
12
22
25
67
34 10 9
12
41
19
18
290
101 84 106
197(1
Male 171
122 82
3(1
14
16
22
41'
12 3
2(1
.12
27 )
165
129
114
51
16 14
32
15 7 2 5
30
If
10 4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1969
TO
1972
--C
ontin
ued
1969
Male 171
(3:1')
62 5
10
22
39
14 5 5
15
:13
22 - - 1 R I
125
115
87 50
10 6
23
29
11 2 4
11 7 2
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
female
19448,
11:1';:
26
371
17, 6;
fi H
58
21 261
_ -I
11 -1
221
166,
130
59
19
18
35
38 19 7 7 6 54
19
22 2
10
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1972.
it
1.6
171
12 6 - 2
) i3
I
IS
I
15
:
4
It
48
33
30 11 2 9 9 3 3 15 7 3 4
26 9
14
Female 53
38
20
13 6 0 3
46
42
36 15 7 3 5 3
50
10
14
26
1971)
Male
3327
211
N 21
- - 6 ti
50
37
37
20 6 14
12 2
487
24
!leg),
Female 61
42
31
15 3 6
I
11 2
1
19
1;
41
39
26 19 2 5
13 fl 4 1 2
56 14 33
Female
Selected chttrectertst1es
---
---
UNKEL)TED INDIVIIX
- -Con' I nued
Work ksperien7t,
1970
Male
1
1969
Male 191
133
92 3
20
50
41 12 3 17
57
36 3 3
13 1
214
162
123 46
12
26
38
39
13
10 8
49
27 4
12.
198
5957 82
F--female
:1:1(1(11
1;2(:1
13
54
51)
22 ft 7
17
95
43
38 2 - 8
237
177
14472
26 15
27
33 16 6 3 8
59
2325 2 9
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Male
Female
32:
21:
16, 3 SI
1,
2
10
2
27
21
21 1 5 5 4
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
36
23 7
11 11 37
33
16
10 1 1 5 4 3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
.I
T1 1
3130 1 3 1 .1
26
26
22 12 0 3 2 2 -
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
32
21
14 1 2 9 2
42
41
30
16 2 5 7
11 3 1 1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
iiViWee3 IOU and 125 percent of tLe I,.-ln..vne
Total. 22 to 64 years of
Worked
Full time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or less
Purl time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks ur less
Did not work
Main reason for not working:
III or disabled
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to find work
Retired
Other
In Armed Forces
Between 125 and 150 percent af the low-Income
Total, 22 to 64 years old
Worked
Full time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
26 weeks or less
Part time
50 weeks or more
40 to 49 weeks
27 to 39 weeks
16 weeks or less
Did not work
Main ree.son for not working:
ill or disabled
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to find work
Retired
Other
In Armed Forces
Income
ofSpecified Type as Percent
of Total Income
Between 100 and 125 percent of the low-income
Income from earnings
'
1 to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
See footnotes at end of table.
Tab
le 1
0. S
ELE
CT
ED
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S O
F P
ER
SO
NS
, FA
MIL
IES
, AN
D U
NR
ELA
TE
D IN
DIV
IDU
ALS
BY
ALT
ER
NA
TE
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E L
EV
ELS
,
Selected characterl.ties
ISI,
N.14 111141.s.
0111
1111
M,
otwo of .4pecs t ted Ty_pe ar Percent
ot Tot al_Incom2.--ConlIntsed
between 100 wnd 125 percent
ot the low-Income level--Gatilmled
Social Security income
1to 49 percent
in to 90 percent
100 percent
Public assistance income
1to 19 percent
5. to 99 percent
100 percent
Other tran,tor payments'
Ito 49 percent
SO to 99 percer4
100 percent
Other unearmed income'
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Between 125 and 150 percent
of th,
low-income le.el
Income from earning'
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 Percent
Social Security income
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Public aSsistance income
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Other transfer paymentw'
1to 49 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
Other unearned income'
1to 19 percent
50 to 99 percent
100 percent
ANtAmbers In thousand,.
1472'
SE
X, Per,on,,
1471'
Male
CI 40
57
21 17
?Ai
1.2
52 12
100
H3 5
12
29H
47
10S
144
183
47
126
10
20 9 5 7
113
76
31
187
173
13 1
AN
D R
AC
E:
tamil
111 race,
Female 725
166
44664
172
91 36
45
164
134
15
10
550
456 76
17
306
94 98
114
494
184
294
15
Cl
34
37
120
R5
32 9
420
352
59 9
1969
TO
and unrelated
1 07i
1972
Con
tinue
dindivlorials an of March
1964,,smaie
ot the
t
1472'
year'
10-1'
male
23 7 7 1
121
51
4 9 1
43 3 5
35
12 5 3 7 7
11 6 5
107.
1960
57
46
814
66
20
22
24 sa -19 5
138
115
17 6
251
6556
130
195 36
126
32
37 16
11
10
118
70
33
15
151
127
19
4emale 707
129
522
136
181
R1 48
52
151
120
IR 7
518
440
53
24
314 70
91
116
558
147
37337
R5
4629
11
170
128
32
11
443
367
64
12
Male 'NA'
'Na'
(NA,
'NA1
(NA)
INA1
(NA1
(NA/
(NA)
1511
(NA)
(NA)
INA/
'NA)
(NA)
INA.
(NA)
(NA)
(NA,
(NA)
,NA1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
.NA)
(NA)
INA)
'NA)
(NA1
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
(NA/
(NA)
(NA)
female
INA.
15,A1
(NA)
(NA1
'NA)
(NA)
1NA)
(NI'
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA,
'Na)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA1
Na)
( 'Na)
Na)
( (Na)
1NA1
(NA'
INA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA'
1NAI
1NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
41010 0.4'
'NA)
CNA)
(NA
(NA,
(5A1
(N41
ISA,
(NA)
(N41
.NA.
(NA)
(NA'
(NA'
(NA)
1NA)
(NA1
(NA)
INA1
01A1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA/
INA)
INA/
15(4.4,:
INA)
(NA'
(NA.
INA)
(NA'
(NA1
'NA)
(NA'
INA)
(NA,
(NA',
tsA1.
tNA)I
INA)
'NA'
(NA)
INAS
(NA)
INA)
Na)
( (NA)
INA'
(NA)
'NA)
(NA1
(NA)
ISA)
'NA'
t1441
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA,
(NA1
(NA)
iNA )
(NA)
(NA)
(N41
INA)
(NA)
17:7)
(NA/
(Na'
36
12
14
10
22 5 6
11
13 6 5 2 9
41 7
26
23 6
IR
12 7 3 3
24
15 3 3
Fernal.
31 27 7
2:11
13 4
24 17 6
`01 8
10
32
24 18
11( 7
1r1,,
11) 9 1
lemale 5
,2
2.1
24
53
25 11
17
15
12 2 1 14
13 2
51
12
12 27
30
10
10 2 5 2 4 2
18
15
,NA,
(NA'
(cox'
('.Al
,N41
INA'
tNA)
,NA,
,NA,
INA.
(NAol
,NA,
.°.
tN411
(NA1
'NA)
(NA)
NA 1
(NA)
INA)
INA)
(NA)
INA)
(NA)
INA/
1SA1
(NA)
(NA)
ANA,
(NA1
'NA/
(NA)
(NA,
1NA)
temalr
'NA,
.=.
INA1
(NA/
1511.
(NI'
'NA'
.50'
'NA'
'NA'
(NA'
(NA.
'`^
',At
t,lt
1N4'
,N.
(NA'
(NA)
.54'
'NA,
INtl
(NA
(541
(NA)
'NA'
(Nit
Oil)
(NA,
INA1
I
'°.
INA'
'NA)
1
t%A,
tNA1
t Male
-- '
NA)
(NA)
,NA)
'NA'
1NA)
NA
INA'
`NA,
(NA)
NA/
NA)
,NA)
INA'
(NAP
1NA1
ISA)
(NA)
tAt
,,A)
.NA)
'NA,
NA1
(NA)
1NA/
1N4)
INA'
(541
:INA)
4NA1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1541
(NA)
tNA)
'NA)
lemalv `NA,
t5A/
'NA'
1NA1
1514,
1NA)
'NA/
(NA)
(NA,
(N41
(NA)
11-141
(NA)
174A1
INA)
tNA1
(NA'
(NA(
(NA)
1NA/
1NA1
(NA'
(NA)
INA)
tNA
'Na'
tN.11
(NA'
1NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA1
'NA'
- Represents zero.
6 Base less than 75,090
NA Not aviAllable.
'Based on 19-0 census population controls. therefore, not strictly comparable to data for earlier years which are based on 1960 census population controls.
3er page
for exp station.
'Unemployment and workmen's compensation. government employee pens ons, and veterans' payments.
'Dividends, interest. rent, private pensiona, annuities, alimony. etc.
37
Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972
!Numbers to thousands. Persons as "I March ''I the ti.11oaing year. For a list cd States contatned In open region see appendix Al
Yawl iv stixtus Ind vette Stot,
dfcg ton
011
Reg I In
II(Nw
6'1'17EPhiladel-
ohla)
Region
IV
lAtlanta.
Reg um
(Chicago/
RegionVI
(Dallas-Fort
Worth)
Reston
VII
(KansasVityl
RegionVIII
(Denver)
RegionIX
(Sanrancisco
Region
(Seattle)
1'1 f2'
Races
All Income lesels
Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h o u s a n d s 206,004 12,731 24,363 23,967 31,815 44,352 21,651 11,101 5,214 23,876 6,890Percent 335 years and over 9.8 9.9 10.9 9.2 10.. 9.2 9.7 11.6 8.0 9.0 9.1
Percent I'm., 100.o 100.o 11111.9!
100.o lo... 100.0 100.0 100.0In tomtit, 91.4 91.7 00.8 92.4 92.8 91.7 91.3 89.6 90.1Head, 16 years and over..... ... 26.4 25.6 20.0 26.3
. 27.2 25.1 26.4 26.9 25.6 26.5 26.9Female 3.2
wife of head 22.5
4.1
21.0,
' 21.3 22.0
3.5 3.1
22.6 22.72.5
23.7
2.1
22.93.3
22.42.8
23 5Related children under 18 years 32.8 32.8 30.9 32.2 32.. 33.7 34.4 32.6 35.3 1 32.3 32.3
Related chtldrer under . years .. 0.4 10.0 9,3 9.9 9.8 10.3 9.6 11,9 10.2 10.3Other family members 10.2 11.5 12.7 12.0 ! 10.2 9.9 9.3 8.4 7.7 1 8.3 7.3
Unrelated indtvIduals 5,2 8.3 9.2 7.5 7.1 7.6 7.2 8.3 8.5 10.3 10.0
Below e .,m. level
Number thousands. , 24.160 1,113 : 2,159 2,492 ' 5,490 3,803 4,133 1,276 570 2,630 778Percent .5 years and r. .. 15 3 11.3 15.0 14.1 ' 16. 17.2 15.2 19.4 9.6 9.4 15.6
..
Percent 1110.0 1' o... : 100.11 100.0 100.0 100... 100.0 100.0 101.0 11)11,0 100.0In famille. 80.0 75.0 . 74.4 80.4 84.7 75.1 85.3 76.3 79.6 79.0 73.1Head, 16 years and over 20.7 20.1 ! 19.3 20.5 21.1 20.5 21.1 20.3 19,5 211.9 21.7
Female 8.8 11.6 . 11.1 9.7 i 7.6 9.9 7.0 6.3 5.6 9.4 12.0Wife of head 11.3 . 8.1 . 7.5 10.2 13.0 10.0 13.6 13.4 12.8 10,9 9,5Related children under 18 years' 41.3 43.3 40.6 41.5 41.5 39.4 42.3 39.0 42,5 42.1 40.5
Related children under . years 13.4 13.1 ; 14.7 11.7 13.0 13.4 13.4 11.4 16.7' 14.3 13.1Other family members 6.7 3.4 7.0 8.1 9.0 5.4 8.3 3.5 .1.9 5.1 1.4
Unrelated individuals 241.0 25.0 5.6 19.S 15.3 24.5 14,7 23.7 20,2 21.0 26.1
Percent below Inn-mr.m level
Total 1! . 9 1..4 17.2 ; 8.6 19.1 11.5 10.9 11.0 11.365 yearn and over 15.6 13.0 13.5 15.9 27.0 16.1 29.9 19.3 13,5 11.5 19.3
In famllies 10.3 7.3 7.3 9.0 15.7 7.0 17.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 9.2Head, 16 years and over 9.3 7.1 6.6 8.1 13.4 6.7 15.3 8.7 8.3 8.7 9.1
Female 32.6 33.9 26.0 28.9 37.2 .29.5 43.5 "6.7 29.1 30.9 47.4
aUfe of head 5.0 3.3 3.1 9.8 3.8 11.4 6.5 6.1 5.4 4.6Related childrer under 18 years' 14.9 11.9 11.7 13.4 22.0 10.0 23.5 13,7 13.1 14.3 14.2
Related chi, en under 6 years 15.1 14.5 13.1 13.0 22.6 . 11.8 24.7 14.7 15,3 15.4 14.4Other family members 7.9 2.5 v.9 7.0 15.2 4.5 17.0 4.7 6.5 6.9 2.2
Unrelated individuals 29.1 . 27.1 24.8 25.9 36.8 , 27.8 38.9 32.8 25.9 22.4 30.3
Negro
All Income levels
Number thousands. 23.111 477 2,851 3,452 6,279 1 3,962 3,324 850 75 1,687 156Percent 65 years and over 1.3 2.9 6.7 8.8 . 5.1 8.9 7.1 6.7 4.8 3.2
Percent 100.0 100.0 loo.. 100.0 lon.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 . 100.0 100.0In families 91.2 89,5 89.8 91.3 92.1 92.0 92.2 88.1 88.0 88.4 92.3
Head, 16 years and over 22.8 23.1 23.6 22.5 21.7 22.9 22.9 20.0 26,7 26.2 25.6Female 7.9 9.2
19.4 8.9 7.1 7.4 7.1 8.5 1.3 8.4 7.7
Wife of head 13.8 12.4 12.6 12.5 13.8 14.5 14.9 10.4 18.7 16.5 12.8Related children under 18 years' 40.9 49.7 40.4 30 3 40.9 0.7 43.6 44.6 37.3 37,2 46.2Related children under 6 years 12.9 16.1 16.2 10.3 14.4 12.5 13.9 13.9 20.0 12.6 16.7
Other family members 13.6 1.8 13.2 18.0 15.7 14.0 10.9 13.2 5.3 8.5 7.7Unrelated individuals 19.1 10.2 8.7 7.9 8.0 7.8 11.9 '2.0 11.6 7.7
Below low-Income level
Number thousands.. 7,724 175 658 ' 1,076 2,533 987 1,539 297 5 414 41Percent 65 years and over ...... 8.3 6.2 8.3 11.1 5.6 9.2 6.1 (10 3.4 (13)
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (RI 100.0 (B)
In familtes 88.7 91.4 88.6 87.9 89.6 88.0 90.4 86.2 (111 82.4 (B)
Head, 16 years and over 19.7 20.0 21.0 18.9 19.0 20,7 20.2 17.5 (11) 21.1 (B)
Female 12.. 17.7 17.2 12.7 10. 15.4 10.7 13.1 (10 14.3 00Wife of head 6.. 1.7 3.6 : 5.7 8.2 4.2 9.0 3,4 (10 6.5 (El)
Related children ruder 18 years' 02.4 68.0 57.6 52.7 50.0 54.6 50.9 60.3 (8) 46.7 (B)
Related childrel under 6 years 16.5 21.1 23.7 13.8 14.4 17.9 16.0 21.2 (10 17.4 (10
Other family mers'(ers
Unrelated indivIduals10.011.3
1.7
8.6 6.411.410.8
1 12.1
12.4
10.4
8.6
12.0
10.39.6
5.1
13.8
(11)
(13)
8.017.6
(10
(B)
See footnotes at end of table.
38
Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,ANC RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued
(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the folluaing year. For a lint of Staten contained in each region see appendix Al
Family statos and year
Negro--Continued
Percent beloa loa-tncome level
Total65 year! and over
In familiesHead, 16 year, and over
Femalew ife of head.
Related ,held ran under 18 years'Related children under 6 yea!,
Other family membersUnrelated indtvlduala
1971'
All haven
All tnmome le eeel
Number thousandsPercent 65 years and ov r
PercentIn tamilles
Head, 16 years and overFemale
O tte of head
Relaten chtltren under 18 years'Related cntldren un2e.; 6 years
Other fatally membersUnrelated Individuals
Below lox-income level
Number thousands..Percent 65 peers and ever
PercentIn families
Head, 16 years and overFemale
W ife of heed
Related children under 18 yearn'Related children under 6 year,
Other family membersUnrelated individuals
Percent beles low-income level
Total65 years and er
In familiesHead, 16 years and over
Female* Are of head .
Related children under 18 years'Related children under A years
Other family ::tubersUnrelated indtviduals
vegrn
All income levels
NumberPercent 67 years and over
thousands..
PercentIn familiesHead, 15 years and over
FemaleWife of headRelated children under 18 years'
Related children under 6 yearOther family members
Unrelated individuals
See footnotes at end of table.
nitedStutes
Keg Inn
(Bostonl
RegtonII
(Koh:York)
RegionIll
Philadel-phla1
RegionIV
(Atlanta)
Region
(Chicago)
RegionVI
(Dallas-Fort
Worth)
RegionVII
(Kansas
City)
Region('Ill
(Denver)
Region
IX
(Nan
Francisco)
Region
(Scott Id)
33.4 36.7 23.1 31.2 40.3 24.9 46.3 34.967
24.6 26.339.9 ,11, 49,4 311.2 50.9 27.1 48.1 (B) (1R/ 17.3 (111)
32.5 27.3 22.8 30.0 39.2 23.8 45.4 34.2 (B1 22.9 24.329.0 31.8 2(1.5 26.1 35.2 22.5 40.9 (91 1 19.7 (B)
53.4 (81 42.0 59.0 52.1 70.2 kb) (8) ; 41.8 (9)
16.1 (B, n.7 14.2 24.0 7.1 11.4 (111 I 9.7 (9)
12.9 50.2 32.9 42.9 49.3 33.4 54.1 47.2 (II/ 30.7 (9/
42.6 48.1 33.H 41.6 48.0 35.8 53.3 53.4 (9) 34.0 (B)
24.0 .13) 11.2 18.5 ' 31.8 15.4 43.8 13.4 (B) 23.6 (91
42.9 (9) 25.7 43.3 53.3 37.2 56.9 40.6 (9/ 37.8 (9)
204,554 11,724 24,392 23.476 33,440 45,639 20,006 9,814 5,640 23,659 6,7579.7 10.5 10.1 9.2 10.5 9.6 ; 3.1 12.6 8.1 8.6 8.5
'
100.0 200.0 100.0 100.0 100.. 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.092.0 91.6 91.3 92.5 93.2 92.4 ; 93.1 90.9 92.4 90,0 91.22n, 25.7 i 25.8 26.0 26.4 25.9 l 26.2 27.3 24,7 25.7 26.83.0 3.1 : 3.6 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.1 2.6 1.9 3.1 2.6
22.4 21.9 1 21.3 22.1 32.5 22.7 22.6 24.1 22.2 21.9 23.633.5 : 32.1; 31.8 32.7 33.7 34.0 35.2 31.8 37.6 33.6 33.810.1 ; 9.6 , 9.8 9.7 10.1 10.2 11.2 9.. 11.3 10.0 11.010.1 11.9 : 12.3 11.7 10.6 9.7 9.2 7.7 7,9 8.8 6.98.t 8,4 : 9.7 7.5 6.8 7.6 6.9 9.1 7.6 10.0 8.8
25,559 954 t 2,395 2,504I
61;2.81
4,412 3,811 1,346 498 2,631 380
16.7 20.2 : 19.7 15.6 19.2 14.3 22.3 19.7 9.4 14.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.079.8 74.7 77.1 76.9 85.1 76,3 85.1 75.7 69.0 79.0 74.520.7 21.1 20.5 20.1 21.3 20.7 20.5 20.7 18.3 20.1 22.38.2 9.9 10.5 8.3 7.9 8.7 7.2 5.3 5.6 9.6 8.2
11.9 10.7 I 9.0 10.9 12.9 11.5 12.7 14.7 12.1 10.8 13.5
40.5 38.9 41.1 39.0 41.5 38.7 44.3 35.5 34.8 42.7 35.6
13.7 14.3 , 12.5 13.0 13.3 13.8 15.1 10.9 14.5 14.9 15.06.7 4.1 6.5 6.9 9.4 5.4 ' 1.7 4.8 3.6 5.4 3.1
20.2 25.3 , 22.9 23.1 14.9 23.7 14.9 24.3 31.0 21.0 25.5
12.5 R.1 9.9 10.7 18.3 9.7 1.C.0 13.7 8.8 11.1 13.0
21.6 15.7 19.2 18.1 29.9 19.4 30.1 24.3 21.4 12.3 22.2
10.8 6.6 : 8.3 8.9 16.7 8.0 17.4 11.4 6.6 9.8 10,6
9.9 6.7 7.8 8.2 14.8 7.7 14.9 10.4 6.5 8,7 10.8
33.9 . 25.5 29.0 28.3 44.2 31.0 45.0 28.1 25.9 711 5 41.66.6 4.0 4.2 5.3 10,5 4.9 10.7 8.4 4.8 7.5
15.1 9.9 1 12.7 12.7 22.6 11.0 24.. 15.3 8.1 14.1 13.7
16.9 12.1 12.6 14.3 24.0 13.1 25.6 16.5 11.3 16.6 17.88.3 5.2 6.?
14g:23
5.4 16.0 8.5 4.3 6.8 5.831.6 24.4 25.7 32.9 29.9 41.2 36.7 35,7 23.2 38.6
22,812 449 : 3,52 3,459 6,588 3,711 2,981 7.18 126 1,594 1086.9 I 1.3 5.7 6.2 9.1 5.1 7.3 8.7 9.8 6.5 4.6
!
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10(1.0 100.0 100.0 100.091.7 91.8 ! 90.1 91.1 93.2 91.8 92.7 92.1 96.0 88.3 86.122.6 22.9 23.9 21.8 21.6 23.6 21.7 24.3 27.8 24.5 23.1
7.2 9.6; 9.7 7.3 7.5 6.4 6.6 2.4 8.2 4.6
14.2 12.7 : 13.8 13.0 14.1 14.6 14.6 17.0 23.0 14.7 17.6
41.5 49.4 ; 40.0 40.5 41.3 42.3 43.8 41.2 37.3 39.6 34.313.1 14.7 14.7 12.3 12.4 13.7 14.0 14.3 10.? 11.7 7.4
13.4 6.7 12.5 5.8 16.2 11.2 12.6 9.6 7.9 9.5 11.1
8.3 8.2 9.9 8.9 6.8 8.2 7.3 7.9 4.0 11.7 13.9
39Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS- PERSONS-BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,
AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued,,--,.
I Malh (no oll.ming year. For a list of States contained in each region see appendix A1
n ed ,,,11(1
111.,41.11 n 1
Segr 41, 1,111
Number . thousands
In familiesHead. 16 Nears and ,VI
Related :htldrn ander ISRelated children under
other famtiv membersInrulated individual,
nt bel I in am I I
total
6, v. .1r4 and ,,r
In !amities .
Head, 16 years and e1erFemale .
Aire of n.bthelated chtldren 46e. 14 t.Related children under 6 ye,,
. .
other family membersInrelated individuals
1470
111 Hanes
All inome levels
Sumbal.
Percent 65 years and
Ins0.m
II
Reglon
(Philadel-t,e, yorkl pntal
, 1 115 o e h 1153
,I i 9 5 6 7 1
,IIII il 1110 II WO 0 100 0h.{ 3 87 s m4 et 92 .2o 0 22.6 22 6 17 8
11 9 I'. 1 15 9 11 45 5 5.5
61, 4 53 4 52 3I: 1 19 7 17 7
m 7 : I 9 5 3 6 911 7 1(2 2 13.2 ! 17 4
32 4 25 634 'I IH,
.( 7
3.1 5
17 2
10 .
4.1
21 1 ,
24 522 4
18/
Ili)
31 518,
IR/
III,
22.837 7
22 021 542 09,0
311 5
30.49.7
311
... thousands 202,499 11,411 24,0569 5 10 5 10 5
Percent.In tamilies .
Head, 16 years and overFemale.
mife .4 headRelated children under III years'
Related children under 6 years...Other !amity members . . . .
1nrelated individuals
4e10, 1 in me level
Number 1/1"usand4
Percent 65 Nears and v ,r
Percent ..
In tam:Iles . .
Head, 16 years and overFemale .
Related children under 18 years'Related children under 6 years
Fiber tamily members ...
tnrelated tndivIdual,
Percent bet..
Total.
65 years and over
In families
Reurl, 16 years and overFemale
Aire of head . . . .
Related aildren under 19 years'Related hildren under r yeats
Other `,,tly members . .
Fnrelated indIvIduaIs
See footnotes at end of table
1(111.0
92 4
2n 72 .
22 1
34 S10 6
10 2
7 6
25.522IM 5
100 092.6
25 43 2
21.633.710.2
11 8
7 4
445
23 7
12.24 1
2,1147
24.1
11)11 0 100 0 100.040.3 76.1 72 620.4 21.4 20.776 9 5 10.512.3 II 2 10 011 2 36.7 36 633.5 13.8 12.6
6.6 5.3
19 7 I 23.9 27.4
24 5
11 410 0
:12 4
7 0
15 0
16 6
H I
32.7
8.7
20.0
6.6 7 0
6 7 7,0
12 6 ,
4 2 4.1
S 7 10.0
10 8 11 4
4.6 3.7
25.81 26 3
Region I RegionIV
(Atlanta, (ChIcgo,
Region
(Dallas-Fort
Worth,
2,846 925 1,3511
10 5 5 M 7 6
100,0
90 4
I4 2
9 5
9
50.715 6
11.4
9.4
24 7 43.226 6 49 7
22.420.240.5
10 531.9
35.410.848.2
23,9539 9
100 0
42.225.43 0
21.734.71 t.3
11.4
6.8
42 138 6
64.1
28 3
53 254.3
311 4
59 2
32,32310 L
IVO 0
93,626.03 2
22.134.710.6
10.8
6.4
100.087 7
21.716.0!5 0
54 921) 6
6 2
12.3
24,9 I
28.2
23 823 0
5
32.337.7 I
13.7
37.3
46,1759.0
100.0
92.725.32.6
22.235.611.09.6
7.3
2,650 6,406 4,43517 2
100.078.3
19.57.6
11.241.015 36 5
21,7
21.4
9.38.5
28.5
5.713.1
16.4
6.3
30.2
17.3 21 1
100.096.2
21.16.8
13 7
42.613.2
8,8
13.8
19.8
33.9
18.3
16.1
42.4
12.3
24.3
24.7
16.1
'12.5
100.075.819.8
8.210.8
40.014.5
5.2
24.2
100.090.1
19.6
10 4
8.5
52.016.8
10 09.9
45.3
46.9
44.1
41.073.726.453
36.36)1 7
19,1008.9
100.093.025.H3.2
22.135.811.1
9.37.0
3,92714 7
100.086.520.17.2
12 546.1
14.1
7.8
13.5
9.6 20.022.5 33.1
7.9 18.77.5 15.6
30.6 44.24,7 11.4
10.H 25.812.7 25.5
5.2 16.8
32.0 38.5
RegionVII
(Kansas
(HO
108
12 2
100 0
96.7
19 1
11.7IL 5
55.3
19.7
3 7
13.3
21.1
23.7
19.8
(8)
12.6
33.8
34.6Iii)
19,
9,968
12.3
100.0
92.1
26.62.1
23.933.29.7H.4
7.9
1,24526.6
1(70,0
75.1
20.04.7
14.5
34.610.9
6.0
24.9
12.5
27.0
1(1.2
9.4
27.17.6
13.0
13.8
8.939.5
RegionVIII
(Denver,
RegionIX
ISan
Francisco)
Region
(Seattle)
13
181:
Ill
11.11
tht
370
5.7
100.0M2.9
22.5:18) 15.7
181 5.7
101; 48.0
(111 6.8. (111 17.1
10.3' 23.2
(WI 2(1 2
10.7 21.7(8) 21.3
16/ 44 619
10, 28.1(9) 24.2(((I 16.4
1111.
33.9
5,569 23,3268.0 8.3
100.0 100.01r 92.7 90.8
25.2 25.62.1 2.9
1 22.7 22.237.9 34.012.1 10.56.9 9.0
7.3 9.2
735. 2,35317.3 13.1
100.01 100.0178.8 78.019.3 20.46.1 7.613,2 12.2
43.4 40.915.8 15.3
2.8 4,5
21.2 22.0
13.2 10.1
28.5 15.9
11,2 8.7
10.1 8.0
38.5 26.77.7 5.6
15.1 12.1
17.2 14.6
5.5 5.0
38.4' 24.2
38
111)
141/
(B)
(B)
(81
(B)
(8,
(01
(0)
(13)
35.2(0)
28.0(ED
(III
18)
(II)
(B)
6,2099.9
100.090 926.92.2
24.233.211.36.79 1
829
18.1
100.076.6
21.77.4
14 0
38.615.1
2.3
23.4
13.424.5
11.210.845.27.7
15,517.8
4.6
34.5
40
Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued
mumhers 14 thousands Perm .ns as .1 Mat,h o: the (ollo,(42 yeAr ! , d 1(st States (onlat:,41 tn ea, h regt,m see appendix A,
Smber . thousands
Per, t
In tarnIlles
Head, 14 years .0(.1 overFemale
(site d hen.)
:41((r 18 years'
.-htl Ir., under 4 Years,it her An( ly mernhery
Int4( 1.41.
1-- 1-- -r-I 1
a
1.11.01,1`. 14,1! 1
. .At41 t Ne 1 . .ttl 111,1 elk .FI ) .1 rkneei /
11 .nt
22,717 35o3 3 7
2,613 !
2.1
13 !,
II
12
Revion
(Seat t 1e I
,
:,omb '2,982 677 1,7 1,142 121
7 ., 5 2: 4.7 4 2 , 0.9 : /` 3 3;
le0 .. 100 0 1.... 0 101111 1011 0 11111 0 100.11 100.011 . 31 4 00 ,..4 411 1 84.3
.
21 .1 ..e. 1 22 .1 t :14 1 22 0 23.2 24.5 24.0e 1 7 0 : ti :1 , , il I', II 9 9
1,1 0 15,, 13.11 17 0 17 8 15 3 12.4
12 2 13 0 14 0 , 47 1 40 2 31 4 39 8 43.813 3 1,1 4 I.) 8 1,1 4 , 13 7 18 7 15.1 18 21 3 b lo 7 ; 12.5 ; 11 7 3 7 11.7 4.1
9 1 8 4 4 2 . 6.t1 15 7
Number .. . . 111.6.31.30 7.414 87 17s
4
184
i
27r.!)
63Per( ent 45 .,(.4r8 and .,-..r `^ .^
1 3894 1 : 12 0 III)
In famt:lesPer. ens
. . . ...
1,,, , II. ,42 4 83,6 .
1110 I) 1: :I 100,0
s) .1: 4/3)'''' '0811114;i (B)
(B)
10 7 I') 5 10 9(1))0) i 21.7
too 0.
Head, 14 4y(ars An3 .,.4e411 0IS 9 2., 7 18 2 In 4 17 2 18.5 ! (9)
42 5 H271,1:,
20 816 11 8 2 15.5 8.2 : 181
'Atte et dead . . 7 5 1.1 1 4 6.4 5 b , I:: 151 ! 11.4 :
19) 13 4
(51 4.7 1111
Related :1111.1ren enJer 10 years . 53 7 '0 7 A1.7 57 4 1 46 7 45.8 (B)
Unrela(ed Indlvt.),:s 11 (1 1: 2 16 4 15 7 7 5 12.8 11, 11: 11'17:11:
111/
19.48.3 (0)
(111
Related ch:11,n under d ventra . . 18 3 lti 4 19 A 1.9 1
53 7
17 1 22 3 17.4 : 15.8 19.8 1111
Other ram( ly members 4 4 4 2 m , 11.0 8 4 i
.
191
.
In famIllos .. ... .... ......
tt:
.
.
21 4191
24 5 :
1111 19/ (9) (B)
. .
3, 0 I 56 7
25.8 48.6 !: 27,2r"tal lm. 2 .::m o 4f ,. 1
65 years and .644- . . 45.6 63.2 ,
25 2 17.6 52 I
Head, 14 yY)ars and over. 29 3 , ''':.1 N
29 1,
15.9 . 24.5 !
45.2 ! . 24.H39 M 22.H (9)
15.5
15.5
56.9
(B)
32 4 ; 26 0
3'1'45
3.8 '1.3'1I:l 4.9: 23 a , 1.. 3 (91
20.3
5.4 (11)
Female ',!)5) : 57 2 72 . 2;
54 1 ; 1:11 (II) 37 0 (B)
Related children ander 1/1 ,,ars' . ..
19 ,
23 7 31 2 19) (9)
Alfe of head 31 3
Related (11111ren under 4 years .. .
41 5
42 2 24 S 40 2 34.3 5546:27 33'1.6219, i'.311
(BD)
22.9 (11)
Other famtlY Merther8 ..... 19. lb 4 31 9 12 9 . 33 3 13.9 I 12.4 19)
"1enre I ated 1.11,111.1.1141. 19, 30 4 18 4 61.3 7 39 5 63.H 19) 181 38.6 (9)
;
!
Percent bvloA
1360
XI 1 Races:
Number . . ... . ... . theu9,01114 12,0491:'19(4.84S 11,85323 i :5:71Pereent KU years and over .. . . 9 5 II, 3 6 9 1t1 1 :
42 7100 0 100 0 1(111:: Oa) o . 1181.0!Pert y(dt Da, 0 ;
In f am il les. . .... - 93 5 91 5 94.0 43:0 :
Head, Ifi yearn tin(1 over . . . 25 4 . 25.9 . 25 2!
Wife of headRelated children under IH ,orsr
Other family membersRelated eht1dren under 6 years
22 ::
1()).'M.
22:20, .:2;
3, 8
11 9
2.7
32 I
2( 1
10.2
11 14
3 6
'.'11 ':2
11, 7
11 9
3 I
213).111
:fill
1:).:
6.0
:112( 1
11 2
2 4Female . . . ......... 2 8
1nrelated trullvIduals
1111)7 2 4.5 "^ 6.9
23,491,
45,256 18 , :533 10,248 5,171 23,305 6,0598 )4' 14 4 11.9 . 8.6 8.6 9 6
:
100 11 i 101).0 100.0 100.0 100.093^: 92 2 92.8 91.2 91 525.8 i 241.1 25.4 25.4 26.62.9 1 2.1 2.2 2.7 2,0
22.3 23 5 22.8 22.2 24.1
36.0 1 31.6 , 37 4 35.2 33.711 1)1 1(1 4 11) 7 10.7 10.69 3 ; 6,0 . 7.2 H.3 7.1
7 0 6.6 ( 7.6 7.2 9.8 8.5
4,1167; 3,427 .1 1,173 724 2,246 55523 51 16.5 ; 28.7 20" 14.5 23.8
i
11110 0 I 100 0 , 100 () 101) (I 100,0 100.074.2 i 85.2 ! 71.9 77.3 78.7 72.619.5! 20.1 ' 19.4 20.3 20.2 22,77 4; 6,M 3.8 5,2 8.5 8 5
11 5, 12.8 15.2 14,8 11.3 13.737" 1 44.512 4 13 7
33.911.7
37,719,2
41.515.2
31.5
12.17 ft 3.3 5.2 4.7
25.81 14 H 28.1 22.7 21.3 27.4
1.64-111r.rtne 11'041
Number thousands65 years and over
PercentIn families ...Head, 16 years and over .. ...
FemaleHire ,f head . .....
Related (11110ren under 1H vearsJ
Related ( h111ren u ... . 6 yearsOther family members .
Unrelated tndIvtddal
See footnotes at ond of table
24,281 900 2,09619 7 22 7 23 1
100.0 /00" 100.080.0 79.2 72 320 I 20 7 19 97 1 `^ n (1
12 3 12 4 ; '1 1
40 5 34.7 : 37 H13 6 10. 2 ! 13 9li 8 0 4 ) "^
20 0 20 4 ( 27.7
2,70917 I
100.0
HO 1
19 9
3
10 9
41.81
7 5
19.9 i
6,37916 3
1181 0
<16 5
21.4
6,913 7
.12.2
13 H
2113 5
Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued
/Numbers I n `^ .~~^ Per0,10 as k ! Mar~ , ^ ` .I I ar r a II, St a Ins ina.d In e.1,11 reu1/91 set, appendix .0)
143,1- ,Ft t nue 1
Pert ent 1 ,
, h'"'" I k,,Ion I1
IS21.01 Region11
III . ; 1 VIIIt \ 116111as-.0.01 s.. , 331 !!''!:!..,!!:!,' : ,../ ,C10,fr..11 ort ,l/envr)
00,b, '"
116.11on
IX(San
Front/1st/0
Reu10nX
I Seat I
7..3,1 2 .. II 14 0 4 0 18., 11.4 1.1.11
171 7/,: 22 0 3,/ ., 3.1 4: 27 7, 33.0
In 130(1 les 1. . 6 ; 0 4 In 3 7 '2. It, 4! 9 9 11.7Head, I,/ ,,ear8 At. ...et gl 7 6 I 4 0 le 3 7 /1 14 4, 11 2
female . .12 2 21 3 31 3! 41 3 28 1 43 1: 20 7 '33 90tIe 01 head I .i t 7 ) 4 .2" 1 6 10 61 7-1 9.1Related 4' htl 1ren WI I., 14 ..e2ra" II 1 0 i 10 3 11 1 23 9 4 1! 22.9! 11.2 14.1
Related .411/Iren ,,,,Ier 6 1,.13... I:, .1 lo 0 II 0 1, 1 25.3 lilt, 12.4 15 90ther : am 1 is ,n,06,0 s 0 3 1 1 1 1 ,^ 17 .1 13 51 4.8 8 14
3311,111, I I:, 1,1.13.1: .12 0 24 1 28 o, :13 II 44 4 33 3 , 41 7 41 2 44.3
6
16 2!
8.37.7
24 11
11.513 7ti.0
23.4
9.222 8
7.37.8
38 85.28 6
10 46,1
29.4
!
XI I I, M.. 1..11,.,
1,4191ttn.1,..1:1In 3,210 6,941 3,91.1!Number . =3,573 3
2,0112 634 124 1113
Percent 0, ear, .11, ...42,,,1.142
40 1
6 7 7 7 5 2 6.5: 4.9 3.9
11'1.1'.'1':
111141.111;1,11 1110.0 100 0 , 100.0Per, en, lom1 /1 109171.(2)/ 100 0' 100.093.5:1i. tantlies 41 1, 92 3 . 92.9
211.1 I
91.3 91.3Medd, Is ....ars and over . 21 4 23 1 22 /1 21 1 /
15 11
20.3 '3.4: 23.5 25 20 1 7 2 5 2 5 3: 5.1 : 3.2 6 3 3.9
2:71
4ITI, 24,
At fe 31 head 11 1 II 1 13 1 13 5 11 3 / 14.2 / 19 4 15.8 22.3Related ebtldren under 18 ee,,,,' i., u 39 6 11 4 46 4
15 347 1 39.8
Related / hIldren under 6 VOA, 1, 0 13 1 13 3 15 310 8 !
17 7
47.117.3 '11,4', 829 18.4
12tner tan11 I y members . . , 12 315.312 /,
4 013.1 9 8 i 3 2 3.9
1.nre later: I rid 1 :: t /I 1 10 7 n 4 0 4 4 ' 0 5 7 7!
:1245477)
7 11 8 8 6 5 H.7 t 9 7
/Set.. 1/0.-in/ /me level
1
Somber . . .. . . ... t h,,o sands 7,213 71 511/ 570 3,0521 0731 1,187Pereen t 05 years and ,,,,er . , ... 9 oi 111/ 3.2 10 7 1 9.0 / 9.3
1
}
1
Percent .. lor, ,, 111/ 100 ,, 10031 100.0 ,In families MM s IBI 94.1 91.1 I
Head, 16 vear8 and ,,,,., 1,r 1 /11/ 20 1 14 8 17.9 I4.4 ,81 11 5 : 13 2 ,^
0 1,, of head .. . .. . , 7 0 oil, 1 -.I 6 1
Related children /Alder 14 years. . 57 0 32,7Related chIldren um], r .; yoars 1,1 0 1Is, 22 1 20.0 17.4
1,ther 1 an" ly rnern1,1,8 .. . ri .1 III) 41 n 11 0l'nrel,,,,n1 l(1,11...1.1,1.k I, I I 3 I 1 I 13 7 11 6 0,4 :
i
I I
Percent oeL Olt I,. - II11,11, I 0,..'1
iI.
'',/.21 '21
T,/tali
17 3 21 1 I
32 6129.4:
65 yearm :Inn 0ver 'II) 43 81
31 1 20 2 29 I 1
96.8, In yea:, and over. 27 0 10..11
2t1',1: '4: 1,1
53 1 .
11:1,1,,/.:',
Mt te o: bond. .. .. . .17,5
/
Related chIldren or/1er 14 yearq..
3,4 1
34.5134 6 : 2A L :
Related Illicit/et, Inder 6 v. air< .1.17 311 11 .1.4 3
25,3.31,1
Other !wally mernhera 111.. 4 11 .17
uhrelated ttuilvId0a1.: I /11,1l
29.4 [ .01 6163, [
18,712.43.8
55.619.44.5
15.5
100.089.817.54.3
353"16.610,410.2
44 4 22" 11 061.6 , /11.2 57.7
43.3 1314.4,
S
28^51,M51.636 760 14
20`19.850,2
6
27 324 09.3
39.735.464.52:.048 1
33 754.3
155
100.085.215.57.19 0
60.029 00.6
14.8
24.4
22.918.9
18115.631.24(1 2
187(81
27 267(8) 4.91
(B) 100.0(111 82.8al) 19.9(8) 12.0181 7.5(8): 50.6'181 21.718/ 4.918) 17.2
21.818)
19.14(8)(8)(B)(B)1111
18)(B)
17.115.935.68.9
22.827.59.7
37.1
18(8)
(B)(B)(B)(13)
(B)(0 )(B)(B)(0 )
17 5(B)
17.0(B)(B)(B)(8)(B)(B)(B)
Base iesl than 77,..,,,0 1970 /enoo8 p/pulall/.6 ,0ntr.,10, therefore n0t. strt, tiv ,0uparable 10 data I ,r earl ler years mhIch are based on 1960 conaus population
untr',1,1 'en one,/ f explannet40.'In, lodes a small norther n( t y 111,1,14 and Ip,11,10,1 1/1 ard 15 yearn " 1 d
APPENDIX A
Definitions and explanationsComparability of data for 1972 and 1971 with those for previous yearsNonresponses and allocationsOther limitations of the dataSource and reliability of the estimates
43
APPENDIX t
DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
Population coverage. This report excludes in-mates of institutions and unrelated individualsunder 14 years old. It .includes only those ap-proximately 1.0 million members of the ArmedForces living off post or with their families onpost. Since the original 0E0 tabulations includeunrelated individuals under 14 years, counts ofthese persons are presented in Table A-1.
Farm-nonfarm residence. The farm popula-tion refers to rural residents living on farms.The method of determining farm-nonfarm res-idence in the present survey is the same as thatused in the 1960 and 1970 censuses and in theCurrent Population Surveys since 1960, but differsfrom that used in earlier surveys and censuses.According to the current definitions, the farmpopulation consists of all persons living in ruralterritory on places of less than 10 acres yieldingagricultural products which sold for $250 or morein the previous year, or on places of 10 acresor more yielding agricultural products whichsold for $50 or more in the previous year. Ruralpersons in institutions, motels, and tourist camps,
and those living on rented places where no landis used for farming are not classified as farmpopulation.
The nonfarm population, as the term is usedhere, comprises persons living in urban areas andrural persons not on farms.
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence. Thepopulation residing in standard metropolitan sta-tistical areas (SMSA's) constitutes the met-ropolitan population. Except in New England, anSMSA is a county or group of contiguous countieswhich contains at least one city of 50,000 inhab-itants or more, or "twin ( ities" with a combinedpopulation of at least 50,000. In addition to thecounty or counties containing such a city or cities,contiguous counties are included in an SMSA if,according to certain criteria, they are essentiallymetropolitan in character and are socially andeconomically integrated with the central city. InNew England, SMSA's consist of towns and cities,rather than counties,
The 1972 and the revised 1971 figures shown inthis report for SMSA's are based on the SMSA'sas defined on the basis of the 1970 census. Data
Table A-1. UNRELATED INDIVIC'' LS UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE BY RACE AND SEX: 1966 TO 1972
(Numbers in thousands. Unrelated individuals as of March of the following year)
Race and sex 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966
ALL RACES
Total 299 287 364 375 260 223 270
Male 179 138 189 197 117 118 147
Female 120 149 175 178 143 105 123
WHITE
Total 185 173 264 280 165 133 165
Male 104 85 143 147 79 70 95
Female 81 88 121 133 86 63 70
NEGRO
Total 77 108 93 85 93 84 97
Male 47 48 43 41 36 42 48
Female 30 60 50 44 57 42 49
Note: Unrelated individuals under 14 years old are not classified by poverty status; they are allconsidered below the low-income level by definition. Questions on income are only asked of persons14 years old and over; consequently, unrelated individuals under 14 years have neither family income nor
incomes of their own.
44
shown for years prior to 1969 in other SeriesP-60 reports r.,fer to S:VISA's defined on the basis-)f the 1960 census.
Central cities. The population inside SMSA'sis further classified as "inside central cities"and "outside central cities." With a few ex-ceptions, central cities are determined accordingto the following criteria:
1. The largest city in an SMSA is always acentral city.
2. One or two additional cities may be second-ary central cities on the basis and in the orderDf the following criteria:
a. The additional city or cities have atleast 250,000 inhabitants.
b. The additional city or cities have apopulation of one-third or more of that of thelargest city and a minimum population of25,000.
Federal regions. The ten standard Federaladministrative regions for which data arepresented in this report represent groups ofStates, as follows:
Region I, Boston: Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,Vermont.
York.Region II, New York: New Jersey, New
Region III, Philadelphia: Delaware,District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,Virginia, West Virginia.
Region IV, Atlanta: Alabama, Florida,Georgia,Tentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,South Carolina, Tennessee.
Region V, Chica o; Illinois, Indiana,Michigan, Minnesota, hio, isconsin.
Region VI, Dallas-Fort Worth: Ar-kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Region VII, Kansas City: Iowa, Kansas,Missouri, Nebraska.
Region VIII, Denver: Colorado, Mon-tana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.
Region IX, San Francisco: Arizona,California, Hawaii, Nevada.
Region X, Seattle: Alaska, Idaho, Ore-gon, Washington.
45
Income. For each person 14 years old andover in the sample, questions were asked on theamount of money income received in the precedingcalendar year from each of the following sources:(1) Money wages or salary; (2) net income fromnonfarm self-employment; (3) net income fromfarm self-employment; (4) Social Security; (5)dividends, interest (on savings or bonds), incomefrom estates or trusts or net rental income;(6) public assistance or welfare payments; (7)unemployment and workmen's compensation, gov-ernment employee pensions, or veterans' pay-ments; (8) private pensions, annuities, alimony,regular contributions from persons not living inthis household, net royalties, and other periodicincome.
When an indefinite amount was reported by therespondent, a specific value was assigned duringprocessing wherever possible. If the indefiniteamount was reported in terms of a range, themidpoint of the range was assigned, e.g., $10,000to $15,000 was coded as $12,500. Open-endedamounts were converted to designated specificamounts, e.g., over $10,000 was coded as $15.000.
It should be noted that although the incomestatistics refer to receipts during the precedingyear the characteristics of the person, such as age,labor force status, etc., and the composition offamilies refer to the time of the survey. Theincome of the family does not include amountsreceived by persons who were members of thefamily during all or part of the income year ifthese persons no longer resided with the family atthe time of enumeration. On the other hand, familyincome includes amounts reported by relatedpersons who did not reside with the family duringthe income year but who were members of thefamily at the time of enumeration.
Data on income collected in the CPS are limitedto money income received before payments forpersonal income taxes, Social Security, uniondues, Medicare deductions, etc. Money income isthe sum of the amounts received from earnings;Social Security and public assistance payments;dividends, interest, and rent; unemployment andworkmen's compensation; government and privateemployee pensions; and other periodic income.(Certain money receipts such as capital gainsare not included.) Therefore, money income doesnot reflect the fact that many families receivepart of their income in the form of nonmoneytransfers such as food stamps, health benefits,2nd subsidized housing; that many farm familiesreceive nonmoney income in the form of rent-free housing and goods produced and consumedon the farm; or that nonmoney incomes are also
46
received by some nonfarm residents which oftentake the form of the use of business transportationand facilities, full or partial payments by businessfor retirement programs, medical and educationalexpenses, etc.' These elements should beconsidered when comparing income levels. More-over, readers should be aware that for manydifferent reasons there is a tendency in house-hold surveys for respondents to underreport theirincome. Overall aggregate income compiled inthe CPS was about 90 percent of benchmarkestimates in 1972. From an analysis of independ-ently derived income estimates, it has beendetermined that wages and salaries tend to bemuch better reported than such income types aspublic assistance, Social Security, and net incomefrom interest, dividends, rentals, etc.
Money wages or salary is total money earn-ings received for work performed as an employeeduring the income year. It includes wages, salary,Armed Forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-ratepayments, and cash bonuses earned, before de-ductions were made for taxes, bonds, pensions,union dues, etc.
Net income from nonfarm self-employmentis net money income (gross receipts minusexpenses) from one's own business, professionalenterprise, or partnership. Gross receipts in-clude the value of all goods sold and servicesrendered. Expenses include costs of goods pur-chased, rent, heat, light, power, depreciationcharges, wages and salaries paid, business taxes(not personal income taxes), etc. The value ofsalable merchandise consumed by the proprietorsof retail stores is not included as part of netincome.
Net income from farm self-employment isnet money income (gross receipts minus operatingexpenses) from the operation of a farm by a personon his own account, as an owner, renter, or share-cropper. Gross receipts include the value of allproducts sold, government crop loans, moneyreceived from the rental of farm equipment toothers, and incidental receipts from the sale ofwood, sand, gravel, etc. Operating expenses in-
'Estimates of non-money transfer income bene-fiting persons below the low-income-level fundedprograms are published in the Statistical Abstract,1973, table 558, "Federal Outlays Benefiting Low-Income Persons: 1967 to 1972." It should be notedthat federal outlays for in-kind benefits, whichin table 558 include "Medicaid" and "Medicare"-inaddition to "Income security in kind", cannot beequated to increases in consumer income becausethey do not necessarily release equivalent amountsof funds for either consumption or savings.
elude cost of feed, fertilizer, seed, and otherfarming supplies, cash wages paid to farmhands,depreciation charges, cash rent, interest on farmmortgages, farm building repairs, farm taxes (notState and Federal income taxes), etc. The valueof fuel, food, or other farm products used forfamily living is not included as part of net income.In genera 1, inventory changes were not consideredin determining net income; however, replies basedon income tax returns or other official records doreflect inventory changes.
Social Security includes Social Security pen-sions and survivors' benefits, and permanent dis-ability insurance payments made by the SocialSecurity Administration prior to deductions formedical insurance and railroad retirement in-surance checks from the U.S. Government."Medicare" reimbursements are not included.
Dividends, interest (on savings or bonds),i:,come from estates or trusts, net rental incomeor net royalties include dividends from stock-holdings or membership in associations, intereston savings or bonds, periodic receipts fromestates or trust funds, net income from rentalof a house, store, or other property to others,receipts from boarders or lodgers, and netroyalties.
Public assistance or welfare paymentsinclude public assistance payments such as old-ageassistance, aid to families with dependent children,and aid to the blind or totally disabled. Separatepayments received for hospital or other medicalcare (vendor payments) are excluded from thisitem.
Unemployment compensation, governmentemployee pensions, or veterans' payments in-clude: (I) Unemployment compensation receivedfrom government unemployment insuranceagencies or private companies during periods ofunemployment and any strike benefits receivedfrom union funds; (2) government employee pen-sions received from retirement pensions paid byFederal, State, county, or other governmentalagencies to former employees (including membersof the Armed Forces) or their survivors; (3)money paid periodically by the Veterans' Ad-ministration to disabled members of the ArmedForces or to survivors of deceased veterans,subsistence allowances paid to veterans foreducation and on-the-job training, as well asso-called "refunds" paid to ex-servicemen asGI insurance premiums; also includes (4) work-men's compensation received periodically frompublic or private insurance companies for injuriesincurred at work. The cost of this insurance musthave been paid by the employer and not by theperson.
Private pensions, annuities, alimony, reg-ular contributions from persons not living in thehousehold, and other periodic income include thefollowing types of income: (1) Private pensionsor retirement benefits paid to a retired personor his survivors by a former employer or by aunion, either directly or through an insurancecompany; (2) periodic receipts from annuities orinsurance; (3) alimony and child support; (4)contributions 1eceived periodically from personsnot living in the household; and (5) other periodicincome such as military family allotments, netgambling winnings, and other kinds of periodicincome other than earnings.
Receipts not counted as income. Receipts fromthe following sources were not included as income:(1) Money received from the sale of property, suchas stocks, bonds, a house, or a car (unless theperson was engaged in the business of selling suchproperty, in which case the net proceeds would becounted as income from self-employment); (2)withdrawals of bank deposits; (3) money borrowed;(4) tax refunds; (5) gifts; and (6) lump sum in-heritances or insurance payments.
All sources of income may be combined intotwo major types:
Total money earnings--the algebraic sumof money wages or salary and net income fromfarm and nonfarm self-employment; and
Income other than earnings--the algebraicsum of all sources of money income except wagesand salaries and income from self-employment.
Total money income. The algebraic sum ofmoney wages and salaries, net income from self-employment, and income other than earningsrepresents total money income. The total incomeof a family is the algebraic sum of the amountsreceived by all income recipients in the family.
The low-income data for families and unrelatedindividuals include those that were classified ashaving no income in the income year and thosereporting a loss in net income from farm andnonfarm self-employment or in rental income.Many of these were living on income "in kind,"savings, or gifts; or were newly constitutedfamilies, unrelated individuals who had recentlyleft families, or families in which the solebreadwinner had recently died or had left thehousehold. However, many of the families andunrelated individuals who reported no incomeprobably had some money income which was notrecorded in the survey.
4/Median income. The median income is the
amount which divides the distribution into twoequal groups, one having incomes above themedian, and the other having incomes below themedian.
Mean income. The mean income is the amountobtained by dividing the total income of a group bythe number of families or unrelated individuals(as appropriate) in that group.
Comparability of Current Population Surveyincome data with other data from Bureau ofEconomic Analysis (BEA) personal income series.
e income ata presentee in this report are notdirectly comparable with estimates of aggregatepersonal income prepared by the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis (formerly the Office ofBusiness Economics) of the Department of Com-merce. The lack of correspondence stems fromthe following differences in definition and cov-erage:
Income definition. The personal income seriesincludes, among other items, the following typesof nonmoney income which are not included in thecensus definition: Wages received in kind, thevalue of food and fuel produced and consumed onfarms, the net rental value of owner-occupiedhomes, the property income received by mutuallife insurance companies, and the value of theservices of banks and other financial inter-mediaries rendered to persons without the as-sessment of specific charges. These items ofincome in kind account for about 4 percent oftotal personal income. The Census Bureau defi-nition of income, on the other hand, includes suchitems as regular contributions for support re-ceived from persons who do not reside in the sameliving quarters, income received from roomersand boarders residing in households, and em-ployee contributions for social insurance whichare not included in the personal income series.These items, however, represent a much smallerincome total than the nonmoney items includedin personal income.
Source of data. The personal income seriesis estimated largely on the basis of data derivedfrom business and governmental sources. Thesesources include the industrial and populationcensuses, employers' wage reports under theSocial Security programs, and records of dis-bursements to individuals by governmentalagencies. The income data presented in the censusreports, on the other hand, are based directly onfield surveys of households. As discussed inthe section "Source and reliability of the esti-mates," income data obtained in household inter-views are subject to various types of reporting
48
errors which tend to produce an understatementof income. It is estimated that the income surveysconducted by the Bureau of the Census during thepast few years have obtained about 89 percent ofthe comparable aggregate total money income, 97percent of the comparable aggregate money wageor salary income, 84 percent of the comparableaggregate money Social Security income, and 73percent of the comparable aggregate money publicassistance income included in the personal in-come series prepared by the BEA. Comparableestimates are not available for the low-incomepopulation.
Low-Income (poverty) definition. Low-incomestatistics presented in this report are based ona definition developed by the Social SecurityAdministration in 1964 and revised by a FederalInteragency Committee in 1969.
Statistics presented in Census Bureau reportsprior to publication of Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No. 68, "Poverty in the United States,1959 to 1968," were based on the poverty indexdeveloped by the Social Security Administration(SSA) in 1964. This index provided a range ofincome cutoffs adjusted by such factors as familysize, sex of the family head, number of childrenunder 18 years old, and farm-nonfarm residence.At the core of this definition of poverty was anutritionally adequate food plan ("economy" plan)designed by the Department of Agriculture for"emergency or temporary use when funds arelow." The SSA poverty cutoffs also took intoaccount differences in the cost of living betweenfarm and nonfarm families. Annual revisions ofthese cutoffs were based on price changes ofthe items in the economy food budget.
As a result of deliberations of a Federal In-teragency Committee in 1969, the following twomodifications to the original SSA definition ofpoverty were recommended: (1) that the SSAthresholds for nonfarm families be retained forthe base year 1963, but that an:.ual adjustmentsin the levels be based on changes in the ConsumerPrice Index (CPI) rather than on changes in thecost of food included in the economy food plan;and (2) that the farm thresholds be raised from70 to 85 percent of the corresponding nonfarmlevels. The combined impact of these twomodifications resulted in an increase of 360,000poor families and 1.6 million poor persons in 1967.The reasons for making these changes are outlinedbelow.
Change in cost of living adjustment. Annualrevisions of the SSA poverty thresholds were basedonly on the average per capita cost of the foods
in the economy food budget. This method of up-dating these cutoffs did not fully reflect increasesin the overall cost of living during the 1960's.The pace at which the general cost of livingadvanced in recent years was not uniformlymatched by increases in the price of goods inthe economy food plan. Thus, general pricechanges since 1959 were not paralleled by com-parable changes in the poverty thresholds.
The differences between changes in the costof the economy food budget and the overall costof living led to the adoption of the CPI as thebasis for annual revisions in the income cutoffs.Although the CPI is not designed to measure thechanging market conditions faced solely by low-income families, it does reflect the fact thatprices of food and nonfood commodities do notalways advance at the same rate. Employing theCPI to adjust the low-income thresholds annuallyhas another advantage over the earlier adjustmenttechnique. Although the economy food plan isrepriced annually, the data are not publishedregularly but are available only on request. TheCPI, on the other hand, is regularly publishedand is a generally accepted measure of changes inthe "cost of living." Table A-2 shows the changesin the CPI between 1966 and 1972 and thecorresponding average thresholds for a nonfarmfamily of four.
Table A2. CHANGES BETWEEN 1966 AND 1972 IN THECONSUMER PRICE INDEX AND THE AVERAGELOW-INCOME THRESHOLD FOR A NONFARMFAMILY OF FOUR
Average thresholdConsumer Price for a nonfarm
Year Index family of four(1963=100) persons
1972 136.6 $4,275
1971 132.3 4,137
1970 126.8 3,968
1969 119.7 3,743
1968 113.6 3,553
1967 109.1 3,4101966 106.0 3,317
Change in the farm-nonfarm relationship.Under the old definition, the poverty thresholds forfarm families were adjusted for the average valueof food consumed by these families which theyhad grown themselves. Based on a 1961 study ofhousehold consumption which indicated that thevalue of food produced by farm families for homeuse amounted to about 30 percent of their totalfood budget, the poverty cutoffs for farm familieswere established at 70 percent of the nonfarmlevels.
Up to the present time, no entirely satis-factory means of determining the income re-quired for equivalent levels of living for farmand nonfarm families has been provided by studieson this subject. Further research is needed toanalyze the differences in the costs between farmand nonfarm families. Although it is not yetpossible to quantify exactly all the factors con-tributing to cost of living differences betwegnfarm and nonfarm families, research alreadycompleted suggests that the differences are notas great as provided for by the 70 percentdifferential. After weighing the available evi-dence, the Review Committee agreed that nar-rowing the farm-nonfarm differentia I to 85 percentmore nearly reflects the overall cost of livingdifferences between farm and nonfarm familiesthan the previously used differential.
Alternate levels. Because the low-incomelevel currently in use by the Federal Governmentdoes not meet all the needs of the analysts of thedata, two variations of the poverty definition arepresented in this report, one set at 125 percent ofthe official government standard and the other at150 percent of this standard. The alternate cut-offs are obtained by multiplying the income cut-offs at the low-income level by 1.25 and 1.50.Thus, the income cutoffs in 1972 for a nonfarmfamily of four at 125 percent and 150 percent ofthe low-income level were $5,344 and $6,413,respectively.
Weighted average thresholds at the low- incomelevel. The low-income cutoffs used by the Bureauof the Census to determine the low-income statusof families and unrelated individuals consist of aset of 124 thresholds arranged in a four-dimensional matrix consisting of family size(from one person, i.e., unrelated individuals, toseven or more person families) cross-classifiedby presence and number of family members under18 years old (from no children present to six ormore children present), sex of head, and farm-nonfarm residence. Unrelated individuals andtwo-person families are further differentiated byage of head (under 65 years and 65 years andover). The total family income of each family inthe sample is tested against the appropriatedollar threshold to determine the low-incomestatus of that family. If the family's total incomeis less than its corresponding cutoff, the familyis classified as below the low-income level. Theaverage thresholds shown in table A-3 wereweighted by the presence and number of children.For example, for a given size of family, sex ofhead, and residence category, the weightedaverage threshold for that group is obtained bymultiplying the threshold for eacii presence andnumber of children category within the given
49
family size by the number of families in thatcategory. These products are then aggregatedacross the entire range of presence and numberof children categories, and the total aggregateis divided by the total number of families in thegroup to yield the weighted average threshold atthe low-income level for that size family.
Because family composition varies by .farm-nonfarm residence, the weighted average thresh-olds at the low-income level for farm families,as shown in table A-3 will not be exactly 85 per-cent of the nonfarm levels. Moreover, since fam ilycomposition does not remain constant from year toyear, the weighted average thresholds for 1972will not reflect, identically, the change in the CPIbetween 1972 and earlier years.
Family. The term "family,* as used in thisreport, refers to a group of two or more personsrelated by blood, marriage, or adoption andresiding together; all such persons are consideredas members of the same family. Thus, if the sonof the head of the household and the son's wifeare in the household, they are treated as part ofthe head's family. On the other hand, a lodgerand his wife not related to the head of the house-hold or an unrelated servant and his wife areconsidered as additional families, and not a partof the household head's family.
Since the basic thresholds used to determinethe low-income status of families and unrelatedindividuals are applied to all families and un-related individuals, the weighted low-incomethresholds are derived using all families andunrelated individuals rather than just those fam-ilies and unrelated individuals classified as belowthe low-income level. To obtain the weightedlow-income thresholds for families and unrelatedindividuals below 125 percent and below 150 per-cent of the low-income level, the weighted thresh-olds shown in table A-3 may be multiplied directlyby 1.25 and 1.50, respectively.
Head of family. One person in each family wasdesignated as the head. The head of a family isusually the person regarded as the head by mem-bers of the family. Women are not classified asheads if their husbands are resident members ofthe family at the time of the survey. Marriedcouples related to the head of a family are in-cluded in the head's family and are not classifiedas separate families.
Size cf. family. The term "size of family'refers to the number of persons who are livingtogether and are related to each other by blood,marriage, or adoption.
50
Table A-3. WEIGHTED AVERAGE THRESHOLDS AT THE LOW-INCOME LEVEL IN 1972 BY SIZE OF FAMILY ANDSEX OF HEAD, BY FARM-NONFARM RESIDENCE
8i/ of family Total
Nonfarm Farm
TotalMale
head'
Femalehead'
TotalMale
head
Female
head t
.111 unrelated individuals 2,101 ::'2,109 .:'2,207 .:'2,040 .:'1,774 )1,824 .:.1,723
under Go Nears 2,103 2,168 2,254 9,085 1,861 1,916 1,77265 years And over 1,994 9,005 2,025 9,000.., 1,708 1,722 1,698
.111 families 3,788 3,813 3,854 3,524 3,277 3,287 3,0722 person: 2,71)3 2,724 2,734 9,670.., 2,296 2,302 2,197Head under 65 years 2,790 2,808 2,823 2,729 2,393 2,399 2,258Head G5 years and over 1,505 . 5 0,530 2,532 3,5161 2,153 9 154_, 2,141
3 persons 3,319 3,339 3,356 3,234 2,830 2,831; 2,7024 persons 1,247 4,275 4,277 4,254 3,643 3,644 3,598
persons 5,011 5,044 5,048 4,994 4,302 4,301 4,3556 persons 3,033 5,673 5,679 5,617 4,851 4,849 4,9007 or mole pe;...n.ns 6,917 6,983 7,000 6,841 5,947 5,963 5,771
'For unrelated individuals, sex of the individual.
Unrelated individual. The term "unrelated in-dividuals as used in this report, refers topersons 14 years old and over (other than in-mates of institutions) who are not living with anyrelatives. An unrelated individual may constitutea one-person household by himself, or he may bepart of a household including one or more otherfamilies or unrelated individuals, or he mayreside in group quarters such as a rooming house.Fhus, a widow living by herself or with one ormore other persons not related to her, a lodgernot related to the head of the household or to any-one else in the household, and a servant living inan employer's household with no relatives areexamples of unrelated individuals.
Related children. "Related" children in afan include own children and all other childrenin the household who are related to the familyhead by blood, r-!-!~riagc, or adoption. In thisreport, the small number of family heads andwives 14 and 15 'ears old are included with thecount of related children under 1R.
Age. The age classification is based on theagt7r) The person at his last birthday.
Race. population is divided into threegroups on the basis of race: white, Negro, and"other races." The last category includes In-dians, Japanese, Chinese, and any other raceexcept white and Negro,
In this report, persons are classified bytheir own race rather than the race of the familyhead as in other Series 1' -60 reports. Thedifferences are negligible for both the poor andthe total population.
Years of school completed. Data on years ofschool completed in this report were derivedfrom the combination of answers to questions con-cerning the highest grade of school attended bythe person and whether or not that grade wasfinished. The questions on educational attain-ment apply only to progress in "regular" schools.Such schools include graded public, private, andparochial elementary and high schools (bothjunior and senior high), colleges, universities,and professional schools, whether day schoolsor night schools. Thus, regular schooling isthat which may advance a person toward anelementary school certificate or a high schooldiploma, or a college, university, or professionalschool degree. Schooling in other than regularschools was counted only if the credits obtainedwere regarded as transferable to a school in theregular school system.
The median years of school completed isdefined as the value which divides the distributioninto two equal groups, one havingcompleted moreschooling and one having completed less schoolingthan the median. These medians are expressedin terms of a continuous series of numbersrepresenting years of school completed. Forexample, a median of 9.0 represents the com-pletion of the first year of high school and amedian of 13.0 means completion of the firstyear of college.
Labor force and employment status. Thedefinitions of labor force and employment statusin this report relate to family heads and un-related individuals 14 years old and over.
Employed. Employed persons comprise (1)all civilians who, during the specified week, didany work at all as paid employees or in theirown business or profession, or on their ownfarm,or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaidworkers on a farm or in a business operated bya member of the family, and (21 all those whowere not working but who had jobs or businessesfrom which they were temporarily absent becauseof illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor-management dispute, or because they were takingtime off for personal reasons, whether or notthey were paid by their employers for time off,and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.Excluded from the employed group are personswhose only activity consisted of work around thehouse (such as own home housework, painting orrepairing own home, etc.) or volunteer work forreligious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed. Unemployed persons arethose civilians who, during the survey week, hadno employment but were available for work and(11 had engaged in any specific jobseeking ac-tivity within the past 4 weeks, such as registeringat a public or private employment office, meetingwith prospective employers, checking with friendsor relatives, placing or answering advertise-ments, writing letters of application, or being ona union or professional register; (2) were waitingto be called back to a job from which they hadbeen laid off; or!(3) were waiting to report to anew wage or salary job within 30 days.
Labor force. Persons are classified as inthe labor force if they were employed as civilians,unemployed, or in the Armed Forces during thesurvey week. The "civilian labor force" is corn-prised of all civilians classified as employed orunemployed.
Not in the labor force. All civilians 14years old and over who are not classified asemployed or unemployed are 'efined as "not inthe labor force.* This group who are neitheremployed nor seeking work includes personsengaged only in own home housework, attendingschool, or unable to work because of long-termphysical or mental illness; persons who areretired or too old to work; seasonal workers forwhom the survey week fell in an off season; andthe voluntarily idle. Persons doing only unpaidfamily work Mess than 15 hours) are also classi-fied as not in the labor force.
Major activity in survey week. Persons areclassified by major activity in survey week basedon the response to the question, "What were youdoing most of last week?* In this report, theugly categories of major activity shown are"Going to school* and "Other."
51
Occupation, industry, and class of worker.Persons are classified according to tie civilianjob held longest during the year. Persons whoheld two jobs or more were reported in the jobat which they worked the greatest number ofweeks.
The occupation and industry groupings in-cluded in this report were based on the classi-fication systems used in 1960 census. Dataincluded in Series P-60, Nos. 81, 86, and 91 forthe years 1970 to 1972 were based on the classi-fication systems used in the 1970 census. Adetailed comparison of the 1970 classificationsystems to those used during the 1960's may befound in the Bureau of the Census TechnicalPaper 26, 1570 Occupation and Industry Classi-fication Systems in Terms of Their 1960 Occu-pation and industry Elements.
In addition to the change in occupationaltitles between the March 1972 and the March1971 surveys which did not affect the com-parability of the data, a supplemental question,"What were your most important activities orduties?" was added which provided additionalinformation for classifying persons by occupation.In general, the major impact of this supplementalquestion was to reclassify some persons from the"managers" classification into other types ofoccupations (primarily into the major occupationgroup of "craftsmen").
Class of worker refers to the subdivision ofworkers into three groups: Wage and salaryworkers, self-employed workers, and unpaidfamily workers. The first group refers topersons working for wages, salaries, commis-sions, tips, pay "in kind", or at piece rate forprivate employer or for any government unit.The second group refers to persons working intheir own business, profession, or trade, forprofit or fees. The third group refers to personsworking without pay in a business operated by amember of the household to whom they are re-lated by blood or marriage.
Work experience. A person with work ex-perience is one who, during the preceding calen-dar year, did any civilian work for pay or profitor worked without pay on a family-operated farmor business at any time during the year, on apart-time or full-time basis.
Weeks worked in the income year. PersonsareElissified according to the number of differentweeks during the preceding calendar year in whichthey did any civilian work for pay or profit (in-cluding paid vacations and sick leave; or workedwithout pay on a family-operated farm or business.
52
Part-time or full-time jobs. A person isclassified as having worked at part-time jobsduring the preceding calendar year if :le workedat civilian jobs which provided less than 35 hoursof work per week in a majority of the weeks inwhich he worked during the year. He is classifiedas having worked at full-time jobs if he worked35 hours or more per week during a majority ofthe weeks in which he worked.
Year-round full-time worker. A year -roundfull-time worker is one who worked primarily atfull-time civilian jobs (35 hours or more perweek) for 50 weeks or more during the precedingcalendar year.
Nonworker. A nonworker is one who did notdo any civilian work in the calendar year pre-ceding tne survey.
Main reason for working part year. Forpersons who worked 1 to 49 weeks wring theyear, the main reason for working part year isbased on the response to the question "What wereyou doing most of the remaining weeks?"
Niain reason for not working. For persons whoreported that they did not work at a civilian jobfor pay or profit or on a family-. perated farmor business during the year, the main reasonfor not working is derived from the responseto the question "What were you doing most oflast year ?'
Rounding. Percentages are rounded to thenearest tenth of a percent; therefore, the per-centages in a distribution do not always add toexactly 100.0 percent. The totals, however, arealways shown as 100.0. Moreover, individualfigures are rounded to the nearest thousandwithout being adjusted to group totals, which areindependently rounded; Percentages are based onthe unrounded numbers.
Base figures. An estimate of the size of thebase (number of persons and families, etc.) ofeach percent is shown, in most of the tables ofthis report. The 1P72 and 1971 base figuresshown in this report were prepared by inflatingweighted sample results to agree with independentestimates of the population based on statisticsupdated from the 1970 census. The base tiguresfor the years 1966 to 1970 were inflated to esti-mates derived from the 1960 census.
The major effects resulting from the intro-duction of population controls and estimationprocedures based on the 1970 census were to
raise the number of families from 51.2 millionto 51.6 million in the March 1970 CPS and tolower the number of related children under 18from 69.8 to 63.7 million. However, the numberof poor families and the number of related chil-dren below the low-income level remained aboutthe same--5 million and about 9.5 million,respectively. Figures for 1969 and 1970 basedon 1970 census population controls are shownin Current Population Reports, Series P-60,No. 91.
COMPARABILITY OF DATA FOR 1972AND 1971 WITH THOSE FOR PREVIOUS YEARS
The data for 1.972 and 1971 are in someinstances not entirely comparable to figures forearlier years because of revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey. Starting in January 1972, 1970census-based population controls, metropolitanresidence definitions, and other materials wereintroduced into the sample and estimation pro-cedures. The major item affecting compar-ability at the overall national level is the intro-duction of population controls based on the 1970census. Figures for previous years are tied inwith 1960 census-based population controls.Basically, these changes should have no sub-stantial impact on summary measures, such asmedians and means, and on proportional measures,such as percent distributions and low-income orpoverty rates. However, the changes may havemore impact on the population levels in differentsubgroupings such as the total number of personsor families either overall, within some particularincome interval, or below the low-income level.A detailed description of these changes appearsin the Bureau of L abor Statistics report, "Employ-ment anci Earnings," Vol. 18, No. 8, February1972. In this report, data for 1969 and 1970 wereinflated to independent estimates of We populationbased on 1960 census data and, therefore, differsomewhat from those shown in the Series P-60reports, Nos. 86 and 91, which are based on 1970census controls.
The figures shown in this report for metro-politan areas (SMSA's) are based on the SMSA'sas defined on the basis of the 1970 census; thosepublished in earlier years referred to SMSA's asdefined on the basis of the 1960census. There aresignificant differences in the population classifiedas metropolitan from each of these definitions.For the 1970 definition of SMSA's, see U.S. Censusof Population: 1970, NUMBER OF INHABITANTS,PC(1)-Al, United States Summary.
NONRESPONSES AND ALLOCATIONS
In the March 1973 no information wasrecorded for approximately 5 percent of the47,000 households because 00 inter% iew couldbe obtained during di,. week in which the enu-meration was conducted. In ord..: to accountfor these households, the weights assigned toother sample households of similar character-istics residing in the same sam.ple areas wereincreased accordingly. In addition, completeincome information was not reported for about17 percent of all families and 12 percent ofunrelated individual, 14 years old or over.Overall, about 12 percent of all persons 14years old and ove: in households that wereinterviewed did not report complete incomeinformation.
or more detailed information on the char-acteristics of nonrespondents, see "Character-istics of Income Nonrespondents in the ( 'urrentPopulation surve\ ," I miner ,piers, JohnCoder, and Nlitsuo Ono, American statisticalAssociation Proceedings of the social statistics
In order that the maximum amount of informa-tion can he utilized, missing income items areimputed or allocated by values which are obtainedfrom active respondents with similar economicand demographic characteristics. Beginning withthe March 1962 survey, when a respondent did notanswer one or more of the income items, all ofhis income data were imputed.
Beginning with the March 1966 survey, how-ever, in the event a respondent did not answerone or more of the income questions, the mi :singincome data for this person were imputed foronly those income items which were not answered.bach of the earnings items was handled indivi-dually, whereas income items other than earningswere handled as a group. Characteristics usedin this imputation are age. family status, race,residence, weeks worked, and major occupationgroup. The income amount assigned to a non-respondent is that observed for another personwith similar demographic and economic charac-teristics who did respond and who has beenselected systematically in the order in whichindividual records are processed.
Beginning with the 1967 Cl's, the Bureau ofthe Census introduced improved income edit andallocation procedures. rile main feature of thenew procedures is a more refined method forimputing income data which expands theuse of information 'already known about that per-son. Among the major improvements made af-fecting the income data are the following (1) an
53
expanded set of social and economic characteris-tics within which the imputations are made; inaddition to age, race, occupation, and weeksworked, the new procedures include sex and typeof family member as major variables withinwhich the missing income items are imputed; (2)the elimination of inconsistent reporting whichresulted in having workers with no earnings andearners with no weeks worked; and (3) the newimputation procedure assigns missing earningsentries first and then utilizes the earnings in-formation to assi0 missing sources of incomeother than earning,.
I loever, because of coding errors in the proc-essing of the 1965 CPS data, in that year alone itwas not possible to apply all the aforementionedimprovements to the editing and allocation pro -cedures. Since these errors produced an under-estimate of income, they had the effect of over-estimating the number of poor.
In addition, it was discovered that the computerprocedures for editing certain incorrect incomecodes caused an upward bias in the income datafor some r,spondents and therefore would tendto produce an underestimate of the number ofpoor. It is estimated that the net impact of theseerrors had the effect of overestimating the num-ber of poor families by about 120 thousand. Dueto these errors affecting the income data for 1967,data for that year are not strictly comparablewith those shown for 1966, and 1965 to 1972.
Comparison of 1966 poverty data according toorialTEL 1-1 and- revised-editing and allocation pro-ced-ures. Tn or--der to evarirrte the impact of the newprocedures, the poverty data from the March 1967
w:re rerun, thus providing a bridge for the1966 income yl ar showing the results of both theearlier and the new procedures. Both ser'es ofdata are shown in table 1 of P-60, No, 91. Thegeneral impact of he new allocation procedurewas to shift the income distribution slightly up-ward, thus decreasing by 416,000 the number ofpoor families. A more detailed description ofthe new computer editing and allocation proceduresmay he found in Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No. 59, "Income in 1967 of Familiesin the United States," pages 17 to 19,
Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch-April 1969 CI'S. Several modificationswere introduced in the collection of income datain the March and April CPS supplements. Theseinclude (1) '_'Y.tcns ion of the interview period of thesix rotation groups for which income questionswere asked in March and the use of followup formsin these six groups to accommodate householdrespondents who needed more time to obtain therequired income information (it is estimated that
54
some members of approximately 4,400 house-holds, or 9 percent of the total relevant house-holds, made use of these followup forms); (2)modification of the design and content of thequestionnaire to allow for more detailed question-ing of certain income items; thus, boxes for grossreceipts, business expense, and net income havebeen added to the self-employment incomequestions to help the interviewer and respondentdetermine net income, and "yes-no" circleswere added to the questions on income other thanearnings in order to ascertain whether the re-spondent received or did not receive income;(3) field office editing procedures were extendedto a 100 percent income edit of the CPS schedules;(4) training instructions were strengthened byincluding more detailed explanations and moreexamples; and (5) the interview group trainingsession was shifted from February to March.
Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch 1970 Current Population Survey. TheBureau introduced modifications in the collectionof income data for the March 1970 CPS supplement.These were: (1) An advance letter informinghouseholds about the collection of income data wasmailed to all households except those in the firstand fifth months. The latter households receivedspecial letters which explained the need for col-lecting both CPS and census data; (2) informationon work experience and income was collectedsimultaneously for the full sample (in previousyears, work experience information was collectedseparately from income data); (3) the interviewperiod was extended one week for three-fourthsof the sample (using followup calls and separatequestionnaires). In addition, modified pro( ..dureswhich were incorporated in the March 1969 CPSsupplement were also implemented in the March1970 CPS. Overall, data indicate that the use ofthese procedures has resulted in some improve-ment in the collection of income data. Thefamily income nonresponse rate has not onlydropped by 5 percentage points (from 19 to 14percent) bur also it appears that the proportionof aggregate income amounts collected in theMarch 1970 CPS relative to benchmark totalshas increased slightly in the March 1970 CI'Ssupplement as compared with the proportioncollected in the March 1969 CPS supplement.
Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch 1971 Current Population Survey. theBureau continued to use the improved procedureswhich were incorporated in the March 1970 CPS.Procedural changes that were instituted in theMarch 1971 CPS, among others, were:
1. The interview period was extended oneweek for all households in the sample (usingfollowup calls and separate questionnaires). In
the previous year's survey, the interview periodwas extended for only three-fourths of thesample.
2. Income from net royalties was included inthe question covering estates, trusts, or dividends,interest on savings accounts or bonds, and netrental income. In previous surveys, income fromnet royalties was included in the question coveringprivate pensions, annuities, alimony, regularcontributions from persons not living in thishousehold, and anything else.
3. An additional regional office followupwas made by telephone to obtain income amountsfor all followup cases containing one or morepersons who were not interviewed during theoriginal followup period, except for refusal.
Overall, the family income nonresponse ratein March 1973 was 16.5 percent as compared to13.7 percent in March 1972. The proportion ofaggregate income amounts collected in the March1973 CI'S relative to benchmark totals was aboutthe same as for the March 1972 CPS.
Although nonresponse rates for families bylow-income status are not available, it is knownthat families in the low._ r income intervals tendto have lower nonresponse rates than those inthe middle and upper income intervals. This isdue in part to the fact that lower income familieshave less complicated financial arrangementsthan those in other income groups. For a moredetailed discussion of this topic see paper byMitsuo Ono and Herman P. Miller, "IncomeNonresponses in the Current Population Survey,"published in Proceedings of the Social StatisticsSection, American Statistical Association, 1969.
OTHER LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA
It is known that income data are usually under-reported in household surveys, such as the CurrentPopulation Survey (CPS), when compared withaggregate benchmark estimates derived fromadministrative records.
As noted previously, overall aggregate moneyincome compiled in the CI'S was about 90percentof benchmark estimates in 1972. The proportionof aggregate income compiled in the CI'S rangedfrom a low of 45 percent for property income toa high of 98 percent for wage and salary income.The proportion picked up for Social Security andrailroad retirement payments was 92 percentwhile the comparable rate for public assistancewas 74 percent. These rates were 99 and 69percent for nonfarm and farm self-employment
income, respectively. Benchmark estimates arccompiled from data provided by the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis, Social Security Administra-tion, Veterans' Administration, etc. For moredetails regarding the procedures to developbenchmark data, see thefollowing: (1) "Appraisalof Basic Data :Walkable for Constructing IncomeSize Distribution? by Selma F. Goldsmith, pub-lished in Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 13,National Bureau of Economic Research, 1951 and(2) "Size Distribution of Family Personal Income:Methodology and Estimates for 1964," byEdward C. Budd, Daniel B. Radner, and ,lohn C.Hinrichs, Bureau of Economic Analysis, BEA-SP73-21, June 1973.
Although every effort is made to reduce theerrors of underreporting, nonreporting or mis-reporting of income data in the Current PopulationSurvey, they still occur because of various rea-sons. Some of these are (I) overlooking incomereceived, especially small amounts of incometypes not regularly received, e.g., contributionsfrom nonhousehold members, (2) reluctance toreveal certain types of income, e.g., publicassistance, (3) rounding estimates, (4)misunder-standing the question, (5) lack of information,especially covering family members not presentat the time of interview, (6) interviewers' errors,(7) processing errors, etc. For more details onthis topic of income underreporting in censusesand surveys, see (I) Income Distribution in theUnited States (a 1960 Census Monograph), byHerman P. Miller, Bureau of the Census, 1966,(2) The Structure of Income, by Irving 13. Kravis,University of Pennsylvania, 1962, and (3) "SizeDistribution of Family Personal Income: Metho-dology and Estimates for 1964" cited earlier inthis section.
SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OFTHE ESTIMATES
Source of data, The estimates for 1966through 1972 are based on data obtainec eachMarch of the years 1967 through 1973 in theCurrent Population Survey (CPS) of the Bureauof the Census. In March 1973 the sample wasspread over 461 areas comprising 923 countiesand independent cities with coverage in eachof the 50 States and the District of Columbia.As of July 1971 approximately 47,000 occupiedhouseholds have been eligible for interview eachmonth. Of this number 2,000 occupied units,on the average, were visited but interviewswere not obtained because the occupants were notfound at home after repeated calls or wereunavailable for some other reason. In additionto the 47,000, there were also about 8,000 sampleunits in an average month which were visited butwere found to be vacant or otherwise not to be
55
interviewed. From January 1967 through July1972 the sample was spread over 449 areas,and from January 1967 through June 1971 ap-proximately 50,000 occupied housing units wereeligible for interview each month. See CurrentPopulation Reports, Series P-23, No. 22,"Concepts . and Methods Used in ManpowerStatistics from the Current Population Survey,"June 1967, pp. 7-10, for more information aboutthe sample design.
The estimating procedure used for the CPSdata involved the inflation of the weighted sampleresults to independent estimates of the civiliannoninstitutional population of the United Statesby age, race, and sex for March 1972 andMarch 1973. These independent estimates werebased on statistics from the 1970 Census ofPopulation; statistics of births, deaths, immi-gration and emigration; and statistics on thestrength of the Armed Forces. To these totalswere added the population in the Armed Forcesliving off post or with their families on post.
For data collected in the March CurrentPopulation Surveys in the years 1967-71 theindependent estimates used were based onstatistics from the 1960 Census of Population.Current Population Reports, Series P-60,Numbers 86 and 91 showed somewhat differentfigures for 1969 and 1970 since the data inthose reports were inflated to independentestimates of the population based on 1970census data. The 1972 and 1971 data by residenceare based on the 1970 census residence de-finition; therefore, they are not strictly com-parable to data for earlier years which arc basedon 1%0 census metropolitan area definition.
Reliability of the estimates. Since theestimates in this report are based on a sample,they differ somewhat from the figures thatwould have been obtained from a complete census,using the same schedules, instructions, andenumerators. Particular care should be exercisedin the interpretation of figures based on arelatively small number of cases as well as smalldifferences between figures. As in any surveywork, the results are subject to errors ofresponse and non-reporting as well as beingsubject to sampling variability.
In most cases, the schedule entries for incomeare based on memory rather than on records,and, in the majority of cases, on the memoryor knowledge of one person, usually the wifeof the family head. The memory factor in dataderived from field surveys of income producesunderestimates because the tendency is to forget
56
minor or irregular sources of income. Theseerrors of reporting are due to misrepresentationor to misunderstanding as to the scope of theincome concept.
The standard error is primarily a measureof sampling variability, that is, of the variationsthat occur by chance because a sample ratherthan the whole of the population is surveyed.As calculated for this report, the standarderror also partially measures the effect ofresponse and enumeration errors, but it doesnot measure, as such, any systematic biasesin the data. The chances are about 68 out of100 that an estimate from the sample woulddiffer from a complete census figure by lessthan the standard error. The chances areabout 90 out of 100 that this difference wouldbe less than 1.6 times the standard error,and the chances are about 05 out of 100 thatthe different %. would he less than twice thestandard error.
Fhe figures presented in tables A-4 throughA-12 are approximations to the standard errorsof various estimates shown in this report. In
order to derive standard errors that would beapplicable to a wide variety of items and couldbe prepared at a moderate cost, a number ofapproximations were required. As a result,the tables of standard errors provided are anindication of the order of magnitude ratherthan the precise standard error for any specificitem.
Table A-4. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Total or White
(68 chances out of 100)
Site ofestimate
Standarderror
Site ofestimate
Standarderror
(0001 (000) (000) (000)
100 24 5,000 172250 10,000 238500 56 25,000 3561,000 78 50,000 4482,500 122 100,000.... 436
Note: To estimate standard errors for charac-teristics of total persons, multiply thesestandard errors by 0.5.
Tables A-4 and A-6 contain the standard errorsof estimates of the number of low-income personsfor the years 1966-1972. Tables A-5 and A-7contain the standard errors of estimates of the
number of families for the years 1966-1972.
-Fables A-5 and A-7 also should be used foritems which can typically appear only once ina given family, e.g., "Number of male heads offamilies." Standard errors for unrelated in-dividuals are also found in these two tables.Standard errors of estimates of the total numberof families are the same as those shown in
tables . \ -5 and A-7. -Fable A-10 contains thestandard errors of estimated numbers of lowincome persons for the 10 Federal regions.
Table A-5. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDI-VIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Total or White
(68 chances out of 100)
Site ofestimate
Standarderror
Size ofestimate
Standarderror
(000) (000) (000 ) (000)
100 1() 5,000 66250 16 10,000 88
500 9 25,000 1121,000 31 o,000 1589,500 Is
Table A-6. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW - INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Negro
(68 chances out of 100)
Size of
estimate(000)
Standarderrors(000)
Size ofestimate
(000)
Standarderrors(000)
100 24 2,500 108250 36 5,000 138500 52 10,000 1441,000 72
Note: To estimate standard errors for charac-teristics of total persons, multiply thesestandard errors by 0.5.
The reliability of. an estimated percentage,computed by using sample data for both numerator
and denominator, depends upon both the sizeof the percentage -nd the size of the total upon
which the percentage is based. Estimated per-centages are relatively more reliable than thecorresponding absolute estimates of the numer-ator of the percentage, particularly if the percentis 50 percent or more.
Table A-7. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDI-VIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Negro
(68 chances out of 100)
Size ofestimate
(000)
Standarderror(000)
Size ofestimate
(000)
Standarderror(000)
100250
500
1014
20
1,0002,500
26
34
Table A-8 shows the standard errors ofestimated percentages of low-income personsfor the years 1966-1972. Table A-9 showsthe standard errors of estimated percentagesof low-income families for the years 19661972.The same standard errors can be used forpercentages of total families. The guidelinesused to decide whether tables A-4, A-5, A-6,or A-7 are appropriate for a particular itemshould also be used for deciding between the useof tables A-8 and A-9. Tables A-11 and A-12contain the standard errors of estimated per-centages for the 10 Federal regions.
57
Note when using small estimates. Percentagedistributions are shown in this report only whenthe base of the percentage is greater than 75,000.
Because of the large standard errors involved,there is little chance that percentages wouldreveal useful information when computed on asmaller base. Estimated totals are shown,however, even though the relative standard errorsof these totals are larger than those for thecorresponding percentages. These smallerestimates are provided primarily to permitsuch combinations of the categories as serveeach user's needs.
Differences. For a difference between twosample estimates, the standard error is approxi-mately equal to the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the standard errors of eachestimate considered separately. This formulawill represent the actual standard error quiteaccurately for the difference between twoestimates of the same characteristic in twodifterent areas, or for the difference betweenseparate and uncorrelated characteristics ?nthe same area. If, however, there is a highpositive correlation between the two character-istics, the formula will overstate the true standarderror.
Table A-8. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Estimatedpercentage
Base of estimated percentage (thousands)
100 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000
2 or 98 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.25 or 95 5.4 3.4 2.4 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.210 or 90 7.4 4.6 3.4 2.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.225 or 75 10.8 6.8 4.8 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.450 12.4 7.8 5.6 4.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4
Note: To estimate standard errors of estimated percentages for characteristics of total persons,multiply these standard errors by 0.5.
Table A-9. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME FAMILIESAND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972
Estimatedpercentage
Base of estimated percentage (thousands)
100 I 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000
2 or 98 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 a.2 0.1 0.1 0.15 or 95 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.110 or 90 .0 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 u.125 or 75 4.3 2.7 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.250 5.0 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3
58
Table A.10. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBER OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS IN THE 10 FEDERAL REGIONS
), I hances .6:i 0) 1.ni. !-',1) a lis) ,,l States contained in each region see appendix A)
Federal relton number
I Il III IV VI VII VIII IX I
,. s,00, 8 ,900 11,000 10,300 9,500 12,000 12,004 18,000 10,400 15,00010 000 12,0,n 13,000 15,000 15,000 13,000 17,000 17,000 26,000 15,000 21,00020000 17 4. ,, Is,000 21,000 21,000 19,000 24,000 25,000 37,000 21,000 30,00030,000 21,,9)o 22,,,ou 26,000 25,000 23,000 29,000 30,000 46,000 26,000 37,000b,,o,,0 ,5,0,n1 25,0n 30,000 29,000 27,000 144;!,, 35,000 54,000 30,000 43,000-,I, ,1,111 ,4111,1 29,1.10 31,000 33,000 30,000 38,000 40,000 61,000 33,000 49,0007 000 3:000 35,000 12,000 10,000 38,000 46,000 50,000 77,000 11,000 62,000Ido,o6f 12,0o0 11,111) 19,000 17,000 11,000 54,000 58,000 92,000 48,000 74,00031,,119 1 7.;,000 69,000 02,199 7.1,000 72,000 88,000 100,000 170,000 81,000 140,000
0,,,000 110,000 120,000 110,000 110,000 130,000 160,000 280,000 120,000 230,000, w0 170000 200,000 170,000 170,000 200,000 270,000 510,000 200,000 420,000"P) 360,000 110,,100 310,000 :120,000 400,000 590,000 1,200,000 420,000 960,000, 67.,,., 746d00f, 520,000 570,000 700,000 1,100,000 2,1100,000 770,000 1,900,000, 1:400,000 1,100,000 940,000 1,100,000 1,300,00(1 2,200,000 4,500,000 1,500,000 3,700,000
,u00 .1, lin,,,,dd 3,400,00!1 2,200,000 2,500,000 3,11)0,000 5,3(1)1,000 IX) 3,600,000 (X)70),111 (X) (X) (x) 1,200,000 9,000,000 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Illustration of the use of tables of standarderrors for national estimates. 'Fable 8 of thisreport shows that in 1972 there were 1,092,000total female headed families with income fromearnings below the low-income level. -FableA-5 shows the standard error on an estimateof this size to be approximately 32,000. Thechances are 6S out of 100 that the estimatewould have been a figure differing from a com-plete census figure by less than 32,000. [hechances are 95 out of 100 that the estimatewould have differed from a complete censusfigure by less than 64,000 (twice the standarderror).
Of these 1,092,000 total female headedfamilieswith income from earnings below the low-incomelevel, 46,000 or 45.4 percent were black femaleheaded families, [able A-9 shows the standarderror of 45.4 percent on a base of 1,092,000to he approximately 1.5 percent. Consequently,chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated4"-').4 would he within 1.5 percentage points ofa ...omplete census figure, and chances are05 out of 100 that the estimate would be withinDI percentage points of a census figure; i.e.,this 05 percent confidence interval would befrom 42.4 to 48.4 percent.
Illustration of the use of tables of standarderrors for regional estimates. Table 11 ofthis report shows that in 1972 there were3,803,000 persons below the low-income levelin region \. rabic :\ -10 shows the standarderror on an estimate of this size to be approxi-mately 450,000. File chances are 68 out of 100that the estimate would have been a figurediffering from a complete census figure by
less than 450.000. The chances are 95 out of100 that the estimate would have differedfrom a complete census figure by less than900,000 (twice the standard error).
Of these 3,803,000 persons, 987,000 or 26.0percent, were black persons below the low-incomelevel in region V. Table A-11 shows thestandard error of 26.0 percent on a base of3,803,000 to be approximately 3.2. Consequently,chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated26.0 percent would be within 3.2 percentagepoints of a complete census figure, and chancesare 95 out of 100 that the estimate would bewithin 6.4 percentage points of a census figure;i.e., this 95 percent confidence interval wouldbe from 19.6 to 32.4 percent.
Illustration of the computation of the standaruerror of a difference for national estimates.Table 8 of this report shows that in 1971 therewere 1,058,000 total female headed familieswith income from earnings below low-incomelevel. Thus, the apparent change in the numberof female headed families with income fromearnings below low-income level in 1971 and1972 is 34,000. The standard error of the1972 estimate of 1,092,000 is 32,000, asshown above. Table A-5 shows the stand-ard error on an estimate of 1,058,000to he approximately 32,000. The standarderror of the estimated change of 34,000 isabout 45,000 =/(32,000) 2
+ (32,000)2 Thismeans the chances are 68 out of 100 that theestimated difference based on the sampleswould differ from the change derived usingcomplete census figures by less than 45,000.
The 68 percent confidence interval around the34,000 change is from -11,000 to 79,000, i.e.,34,000 + 45,000. A conclusion that the averageestimate of the change derived from all possible
samples lies within a range computed in thisway would be correct for roughly 68 percentof all possible samples. The 95 percent con-
59
fidence interval from -56,000 to 124,000(34,000+
2 x 45,000), does not exclude negative valuesand hence, we cannot conclude with 95 percentconfidence that the number of female headedfamilies with income from earnings below thelow-income level in 1972 is actually greaterthan in 1971,
Table A-11. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS IN FEDERALREGIONS I TO VII, AND IX
Estimatedpercentage
Base of estimated percentage (thousands)
1 or 992 or 985 or 9510 or 9025 or 7550
100 250 500 1,000
5.4 3.4 2.4 1.77.6 4.8 3.4 2.411.9 7.5 5.3 3.816.3 10.3 7.3 5.2
23.6 14.9 10.5 7.5
27.2 17.2 12.2 8.6
2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000
1.11.5
2.4
3.34.75.4
0.761.101.70
2.303.303.80
0.540.761.20
1.602.402.70
0.340.480.751.001.501.70
0.240.340.530.73
1.101.20
Note: For Region I multiply standard errors by 0.70;For Region II multiply standard errors by 0.70;For Region III multiply standard errors by 0.85;For Region IV multiply standard errors by 0.85;For Region V multiply standard errors by 0.80;For Region VI multiply standard errors by 0.95;For Region VII multiply standard errors by 1.00;For Region IX multiply standard errors by 0.85.
Table A-12. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONSIN FEDERAL REGIONS VIII AND X
Estimatedpercentage
Base of estimated percentage (thousands)
100 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000
1 or 992 or 985 or 9510 or 9025 or 7550
8.0
11.217.524.1
34.840.2
5.1
7,1
11.1
15.2
22.0
25.4
3.65.07.8
10.8
15.6
18.0
2.53.65,57.611.012.7
1.62.2
3.54.87.08.0
1.11.6
2.5
3.44.95.7
0.801.101.802.403.504.00
0.510,71
1.IU1.50
2.202,50
0.360.500.781.101.601.80
Not=r For Region VIII, multiply standard errors by 1.00; for Region X, multiply standard errorsby 0.80.
APPENDIX B
OEO TABULATION SPECIFICATIONS
The tabulations originally prepared for OEO contain more detailed cross-classifications than areshown in the tables presented in this report. The sources of the detailed tables in this report arelisted below. Outlines of the contents of the complete OEO tabulations are shown on the followingpages.
Table number in Table number inthis report OEO tabulation
1 and 52 33 34 45 66 97 1
8 89
1
10 2, 3, 4. and 811
1
61
OEO Table 1.--AGE OF PERSON AND FAMILY OELAT(ONSHIP BY AGE AND SEX OF HEAD
;0. . person andrelationship
t. head
All Peraons
T.tal
In families
foist
Age of head (years)
214 22
to to
21 [ 34
35
to
44
45
to
54
55
to
59
80to
64
65and
over
Unrelatedindividuals
Tote' Name as All Persons foe:
lnder 16 yearsas
an Families With Male Readtinder 3 years and Male Unrelated Individuals3 to 5 years Persons in Familiem With Female Head6 to 13 years and Female Unrelated Individuals14 and 15 years
16 to 21 yearsHead Poverty evelSpouse Between 100 and 125 Percent of theOther male Poverty Level
16 and 17 years Between 125 and 150 Percent of the16 and 19 years Poverty Level20 and 21 years
All of the above for:Other female
White16 and 17 years16 and 19 yearn
Negro
20 and 21 years Tabulation areas (except for alternate poverty levels):
22 to 44 yearsNonfarm
sadFarm
R
Spouse Metropolitan AreasOther male Inside Central CitiesOther female Outside Central Cities
Nonmetropolitan AreasSame as 22 to 44 years for:
45 to 54 years 10 Federal Regions
All .1 the above far:
55 to 59 years60 to 64 years65 years and over
OEO Table 2.--EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF PERSONS BY AGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Years of school completedand family relationship
Total
(yearn)
14
to
21
22
to
34
35to
44
45
to
54
55
to
59
60
to
64\.
65and
over
Roth Sexes
Total Same as -Trial- block for:No years of school completed Family headsElementary Spouses
1 to 3 years Other family members6 to H years Unrelated individual.
Sigh school Same as "Both Sexes- for:1 to 3 years
Male4 years
FemaleCollege It year or more)
Median years of school CompletedAll of the above for:
Same Poverty Level and Race repeats as 0E0 Table 2
OEO Table 3.--WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS BY AGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Work experience Andfamily relationship
Total
Age (5,8r.)
11
21
22
to
34
to
44
45to
54
55
to
59
60
to
64
65
andover
Both Sexes
Total Same as "Total" block for:
In Armed ForcesFamily headsSpouses
Worked full time Other family members50 to 52 week. Unrelated individuals40 to 49 week.27 to 39 weeks Same as 'Both Sexes" for:26 weeks or less Male
Female\Worked part time
50 to 52 weeks40 to 49 week.
All of the above for
27 to 39 week.Same Poverty %evel and Race repeats as 007 Table I
26 weeks or less
Did not work last yearMain reason for not working
Ill or disabledKeeping houseGoing to schoolUnable to find workRett red
Other
62
630E0 Table 4.--OCCUPATION OF LONGEST JOB OF PERSONS BY AGE
Age' ^ .`
21
Worsed Ia.? oa:,wag, an, I
Pro f esst.,na aro! ,2a.s,:orlal( ler, A I ~^ 5.1.15Cralt Ind SIr.dred sor kersopera, Lnk 1.1,11r, esp,r121,,rer,, oto ...........1.,rsers .to.1 !arm san , ...........
o hlasen1.1 .........St I. onp I.e. , 1,ora
I opal tanl work
io 1 no, sorkIn .1,11.1
Sant. ,lo.erts I ,o.ol and e /en, a, as .1411 lathe I
0E0 Table 5.--AGE OF PERSONS UNDER 22 YEARS OLD BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF HEAD
^~ '=~
11, t h ,exes rend I .
Oa I
In,~band
41fefaellles
InIam111,
.Ith otherma.' head
f.amtlies.1111
ht., 1
NI 1 hhhati.,nal Iovel Ihoot
Under vrars .... ...... .....,n,ler vear
3 yea, ........ ....4 yeh, ..... .
7 wear., ..... ........ ...........9 v.arn1l, years ..... ..... .
11 years. ..... .
12 years ..... .
13 years14 .......... .
13 year1. years ...... . ........ . . .
17 years ........ . ........ .
I. years._ ................ ........19 venrs2l, years21 v.nr. ...... . . . . .....
Under 3 years3 to 7 VS3,1H to 13 years. .24 and 1-, sear.;16 to 21 years
.bame 0,11.1.-et tonal Levels ,1 Head- forVi I th 1,ors ..1 0,11.s.! I ass
Head at th 9 to 1 t Sears ' h ,1Head lit th 12 'ten, of SchoolHead Ith 13 Years tf :14 !tool or More
III of the above fortSame Poverty Level and Race repeats as ltE0 Table 1
0E0 Table 6.--MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK OF PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARS. OLD BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
" ~ ^ " ~ ~ ' ^ " ^ ' ~ ~ ` and awe Total
In s, hool Not '^ ~~~^
Total
Sot In labor forceand unemploved
Tnt a I, nem-
Same RS-In s. honl-
InArmedForces
Persona 14 to 21 ...ears old, totalLean than H. years of a. hod.
vea,High school: 1 tn vear
I vearsCollege I year or mre,Same as -Persons 14 lo 21 Years hloek for,
Persons 14 and 111 years et I dPersor.s ln and 17 years oldPersona 16 and 1 9 years old
and 21 years old
Same O5 Tloth ittes. fa,MaleFemale
All of th, ahoy, far,Same Poverty level and Hare repeats as t11:0 Table I
64
0E0 Table 7.--PERSONS IN FAMILIES BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAD
t
_ _ -
.1. 11, . '1 1. 1.!
a.n t" 111 P.,- 1 Ar, : r,-.511 a:, t!
I ar'1
I iioo
a11L. 34[
pa
0E0Table 8.--INCOME OF SPECIFIED TYPE AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME FOR FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS
14.1, c ot t 1 al 111,..ant..
"a/ t, 71 r 75 1. 1.111
41 /CI .4
tan l.on: z
A {bib: .144 . .n. aaPc1...)r. .171 I
tr. : ,111Slibta ~.15
31..r.,,n: In 1,111:c11..151 :ara.1, a. .119.
;,.., 1 am. i s I.,ail iv- th
1," k th tartalc beadAl I i Ind, i.1,1.11-
Lniel.ittal nd Idualaam.,1. 11111,1.1ual,
All .1114IS. 1.51
astax. 1...,c1 and telasat, a' 0E0
0E0 Table 9.--INDUSTRY OF LONGEST JOB OF PERSONS BY FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Table
.1111 1.1M1 I y rt I a c-...111p
III 14, v lar.bor, t, 1
and -a ry lac 1 gay1V r 1 'arcV1:0 raz and rtv,Ma, fa, .111'1 ng
UT101 I 0vovb.31-1, I a
c.vv.mcn ; ,1Aber pub!, attlltic
abolcvalc and ~./ °~°.~^ ^."~
Pr.f t olvI I P t bar
611 her 1 laiaan rtas
Ag
F
o ,year41
21
IS
5.1
65andover
Same v Al I ly member, block for:Family beadsSpouse,Other family member-b .7 0 1 a 1.,1 Haiti.
:irony Istplh Sena,%talcPeva le
Al I of the above for:~~ P.verly Level and Race repeats as 0E0 Table 1