Document Activity Level 3 Unit 4

 

Nationalities Country Description The Flag

Australia The Australian flag

Austria The Austrian flag

Belgium The Belgium flag

Brazil The Brazilian flag

Canada The Canadian flag

China The Chinese flag

Denmark The Danish flag

Egypt The Egyptian flag

England The English Flag

Finland The Finnish flag

France The French flag

Germany The German flag

Greece The Greek flag

Hungary The Hungarian flag

Ireland The Irish flag

Italy The Italian flag

Japan The Japanese flag

Mexico The Mexican flag

Poland The Polish flag

Portugal The Portugese flag

Russia The Russian flag

Scotland The Scottish flag

South

Africa The South African flag

Spain The Spanish flag

Sweden The Swedish flag

Switzerland The Swiss flag

The

Netherland

s

The Dutch flag

Turkey The Turkish flag

The UK The Union Flag

The USA The American flag

Examples: Indian Mexican Japanese American Italian Russian German Egyptian French Chinese CONTENT

Simple Present Conjugacion Verbo TO BE en Presente

Affirmative Form

(Forma afirmativa)

Negative Form

(Forma negativa)

Interrogative Form

(Fra interrogativa)

I am Student/ at Home I am not Student/ at Home Am I Student/ at Home?

You are Student/ at Home You are not Student/ at Home Are you Student/ at Home?

He is Student/ at Home He is not Student/ at Home Is he Student/ at Home?

She is Student/ at Home She is not Student/ at Home Is she Student/ at Home?

We are Students/ at Home We are not Students/ at Home Are we Students/ at Home?

They are Students/ at Home They are not Students/ at Home Are They Students/ at Home?

You are Students/ at Home You are not Students/ at Home Are you Students/ at Home?

It is Student/ at Home It is not Student/ at Home Is it Student/ at Home?

Conjugacion de Verbos en Presente El Do (I, you, they, we) y Does (It, He, She) son auxiliaries que nos ayudan a negar y a preguntar

Affirmative Form

(Forma afirmativa)

Negative Form

(Forma negativa)

Interrogative Form

(Fra interrogativa)

I work in a school I don’t work in a school Do I work in a school

You work in a school You don’t work in a school Do You work in a school

He works in a school He doesn’t work in a school Does He work in a school

She works in a school She doesn’t work in a school Does She work in a school

We work in a school We don’t work in a school Do We work in a school

They work in a school They don’t work in a school Do They work in a school

You work in a school You don’t work in a school Do You work in a school

It works in a school It doesn’t work in a school Does It work in a school

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

• I play tennis. • She does not play tennis. • Does he play tennis? • The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. • The train does not leave at 9 AM. • When does the train usually leave? • She always forgets her purse. • He never forgets his wallet.

• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. • Does the Sun circle the Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

• Cats like milk. • Birds do not like milk. • Do pigs like milk? • California is in America. • California is not in the United Kingdom. • Windows are made of glass. • Windows are not made of wood. • New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Examples:

• The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. • The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. • When do we board the plane? • The party starts at 8 o'clock. • When does class begin tomorrow?

USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

• I am here now. • She is not here now. • He needs help right now. • He does not need help now. • He has his passport in his hand. • Do you have your passport with you? ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples: You only speak English. Do you only speak English?

Examples:

This is a country. It’s also a continent. I’m a mother. I’m also a daughter. This man is exercising. He’s also watching television. You speak English and Russian. Do you speak other languages? Yes, I also speak Spanish.

Simple Past

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Affirmative Form

(Forma afirmativa)

Negative Form

(Forma negativa)

Interrogative Form

(Fra interrogativa)

I was Student/ at Home I was not Student/ at Home Was I Student/ at Home?

You were Student/ at Home You were not Student/ at Home Were you Student/ at Home?

He was Student/ at Home He was not Student/ at Home Was he Student/ at Home?

She was Student/ at Home She was not Student/ at Home Was she Student/ at Home?

We were Students/ at Home We were not Students/ at Home Were we Students/ at Home?

They were Students/ at Home They were not Students/ at Home Were They Students/ at Home?

You were Students/ at Home You were not Students/ at Home Were you Students/ at Home?

It was Student/ at Home It was not Student/ at Home Was it Student/ at Home?

Examples:

• I saw a movie yesterday. • I didn't see a play yesterday. • Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. • Did you have dinner last night? • She washed her car. • He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. • He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met

the others at 10:00. • Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two y

ears, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

• I lived in Brazil for two years. • Shauna studied Japanese for five years. • They sat at the beach all day. • They did not stay at the party the entire time. • We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. • A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

• I studied French when I was a child. • He played the violin. • He didn't play the piano. • Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? • She worked at the movie theater after school. • They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. • He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? Examples: What did you bring to the party? I brought French food. The election was yesterday. He lost the election. He won the election. Last month he won the election. Did you win? Yes, we won again! Where is your book? I forgot it again

Pronouns Personal pronouns, Possessive determiners, Possessive pronouns

Personal pronouns Possessive determiners

Possessive pronouns as subject

(nominative)

as object (accusative and dative)

I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours you you your yours they them their theirs 1 2 3 4 We have some books.

The books are for us.

These are our books.

The books are ours.

Examples: His mother is a businesswoman. Her father is a businessman. His wife is a businesswoman.

Passive Voice Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence

(or is dropped)

Examples of Passive Tense Subject Verb Object

Simple Present

Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Present Perfect

Active: Rita has written a letter. Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Future I Active: Rita will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter. Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.

Examples of Passive

Tense Subject Verb Object Present Progressive

Active: Rita is writing a letter. Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Past Progressive

Active: Rita was writing a letter. Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.

Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter. Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.

Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter. Passive: A letter will have been

written by Rita.

Conditional I

Active: Rita would write a letter. Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.

Conditional II

Active: Rita would have written a letter. Passive: A letter would have been

written by Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Object Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2 Active: Rita wrote a letter to me. Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita. Passive: I was written a letter by Rita. Examples: When was this photo taken? This photo was taken last winter. Where is Spanish spoken? Spanish is spoken in Spain, Mexico, and most of South America. When was this mosque built? This mosque was built in 1287. Antarctica was discovered in 1820. This temple was discovered in Mexico. These statues were discovered on an island. This city was discovered in South America.

Use of Articles A and An

"A" goes before all words that begin with consonants.

• a cat • a dog • a purple onion • a buffalo • a big apple With one exception: Use "an" before unsounded h.

• an honorable peace • an honest error "An" goes before all words that begin with vowels:

• an apricot • an egg • an Indian • an orbit • an uprising With two exceptions: When u makes the same sound as the y in you, or o makes the same sound as w in won, then a is used.

• a union • a united front • a unicorn • a used napkin • a U.S. ship • a one-legged man

Prepositions Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction) English Usage Example

• in • room, building, street, town, country • book, paper etc. • car, taxi

• picture, world

• in the kitchen, in London • in the book • in the car, in a taxi

• in the picture, in the world

• at • meaning next to, by an object • for table

• for events • place where you are to do

something typical (watch a film, study, work)

• at the door, at the station • at the table

• at a concert, at the party • at the cinema, at school, at work

• on • attached • for a place with a river

• being on a surface • for a certain side (left, right) • for a floor in a house

• for public transport • for television, radio

• the picture on the wall • London lies on the Thames.

• on the table • on the left • on the first floor

• on the bus, on a plane • on TV, on the radio

• by, next to, beside

• left or right of somebody or something

• Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

• under • on the ground, lower than (or • the bag is under the table

covered by) something else

• below • lower than something else but above ground

• the fish are below the surface

• over • covered by something else • meaning more than • getting to the other side (also

across) • overcoming an obstacle

• put a jacket over your shirt • over 16 years of age • walk over the bridge

• climb over the wall

• above • higher than something else, but not directly over it

• a path above the lake

• across

• getting to the other side (also over) • getting to the other side

• walk across the bridge • swim across the lake

• through

• something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

• drive through the tunnel

• to • movement to person or building • movement to a place or country • for bed

• go to the cinema • go to London / Ireland • go to bed

• into • enter a room / a building • go into the kitchen / the house

• towards

• movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

• go 5 steps towards the house

• onto • movement to the top of something • jump onto the table

• from • in the sense of where from • a flower from the garden I am IN the desk

The cat is UNDER the chair.

The dog is BESIDE his friend.

The mother is BETWEEN the kids.

The dog is ON the table.

There is – There are • Use "this" when something is nearby.

• Use "that" when something is a distance away.

something is a distance away. This book belongs to you.

That dog is asleep.

This shirt is mine.

That car is his.

- "These"(this) and "those" (that) are the plural forms of "this" and "that". These children have been reading all afternoon. (Meaning the ones in the same room) These are mine. Those children have been playing outside all day. Those are yours. Examples: There are too many people on the subway.

There are not enough chairs for all of the children. I have too many books to carry. There are not enough computers for the children.

WH Questions

We use question words to ask certain types of questions. We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, How).

Question Word Function Example

what asking for information about something

What is your name?

asking for repetition or confirmation What? I can't hear you. You did what?

what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for? when asking about time When did he leave? where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live? which asking about choice Which colour do you want? who asking what or which person or

people (subject) Who opened the door?

whom asking what or which person or people (object)

Whom did you see?

whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?

why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that? why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

how asking about manner How does this work? asking about condition or quality How was your exam? how + adj/adv

asking about extent or degree see examples below

how far distance How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? how long length (time or space) How long will it take? how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there? how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have? how old age How old are you? how come (informal)

asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see her?

Examples: How many languages do you speak? Three: English, Italian, and a little Chinese. What’s on television? The king’s wedding is on television. Yes, I remember. This is when men first walked on the...on the...what is it called in English? In English, it’s called the “moon.” When did you see it? i saw it in 1973, when i was on vacation in the United States. How much do the flags cost? The flags cost two dollars. For further Information visit these web pages: http://www.ego4u.com/ http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html