Doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a Submission March 2005 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al. Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal

March 2005

Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)(WPANs)

Submission Title: [Merged UWB proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Alt-PHY]

Date Submitted: [13 Mar 2005]Source: [Francois Chin, et.al.]

Company: [Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore]

Address: [21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613]

Voice: [65-68745687] FAX: [65-67744990] E-Mail: [[email protected]]

Re: [Response to the call for proposal of IEEE 802.15.4a, Doc Number: 15-04-0380-02-004a ]

Abstract: [Merged Proposal to IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group]

Purpose: [For presentation and consideration by the IEEE802.15.4a committee]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

This contribution is a technical merger between*:

Institute for Infocomm Research [05/032]General Atomics [05/016]Thales & Cellonics [05/008]KERI & SSU & KWU [05/033] Create-Net & China UWB Forum [05/019]Staccato Communications [04/0704]Wisair [05/09]

* For a complete list of authors, please see page 3.

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

AuthorsInstitute for Infocomm Research:

Francois Chin, Xiaoming Peng, Sam Kwok, Zhongding Lei, Kannan, Yong-Huat Chew, Chin-Choy Chai, Rahim, Manjeet, T.T. Tjhung, Hongyi Fu, Tung-Chong Wong

General Atomics: Naiel Askar, Susan Lin

Thales & Cellonics: Serge Hethuin, Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Fabrice Legrand, Joe Jurianto

KERI & SSU & KWU: Kwan-Ho Kim, Sungsoo Choi, Youngjin Park, Hui-Myoung Oh, Yoan Shin, Won cheol Lee, and Ho-In Jeon

Create-Net & China UWB Forum: Zheng Zhou, Frank Zheng, Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Iacopo Carreras, Sandro Pera, Imrich Chlamtac

Staccato Communications: Roberto Aiello, Torbjorn Larsson

Wisair: Gadi Shor, Sorin Goldenberg

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying (M-TOK)

for IEEE 802.15.4a UWB based Alt-PHY

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Goals

• Good use of UWB unlicensed spectrum

• Good system design

• Path to low complexity CMOS design

• Path to low power consumption

• Scalable to future standards

• Graceful co-existence with other services

• Graceful co-existence with other UWB systems

• Support different classes of nodes, with different reliability requirements (and $), with single common transmit signaling

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Main Features

Proposal main features:• Impulse-radio based (pulse-shape independent)

• Common preamble signaling for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential / noncoherent)

• Band Plan based on multiple 500 MHz bands• Robustness against SOP interference• Robustness against other in-band interference• Scalability to trade-off complexity/performance

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Chip rate 24 Mcps

# Pulse / Chip Period 1

Pulse Rep. Freq. 24 MHz

# Chip / symbol (Code length) 32

Symbol Rate 24/32 MHz = 0.75 MSps

info. bit / sym (Mandatory Mode) 4 bit / symbol

Mandatory bit rate 4 bit/sym x 0.75 MSps = 3 Mbps

#Code Sequences/ piconet 16 (4 bit/symbol)

Code position modulation (CPM)

Lower bit rate scalability Symbol Repetition

Modulation {+1,-1} bipolar and {+1,-1, 0} ternary pulse train

Total # simultaneous piconets supported

6 per FDM band

Multple access for piconets Fixed sequence & FDM band for each piconet

Proposed System Parameters

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

System Description• Each piconet uses one set of code sequences

for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential / non-coherent receivers)

• 16 Orthogonal Sequences of code length 32 to represent a 4-bit symbol

• PRF (chip rate): 24 MHz– Low enough to avoid significant interchip interference

(ICI) with all 802.15.4a multipath models– High enough to ensure low pulse peak power

• FEC: optional (or low complexity type)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Band Plan

BAND_ID Lower frequency Center frequency Upper frequency

1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz

2 3696 MHz 3960 MHz 4224 MHz

3 4224 MHz 4488 MHz 4752 MHz

4 4752 MHz 5016 MHz 5280 MHz

5 5280 MHz 5544 MHz 5808 MHz

6 5808 MHz 6072 MHz 6336 MHz

7 6336 MHz 6600 MHz 6864 MHz

8 6864 MHz 7128 MHz 7392 MHz

9 7392 MHz 7656 MHz 7920 MHz

10 7920 MHz 8184 MHz 8448 MHz

11 8448 MHz 8712 MHz 8976 MHz

12 8976 MHz 9240 MHz 9504 MHz

13 9504 MHz 9768 MHz 10032 MHz

14 10032 MHz 10296 MHz 10560 MHz

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multiple access

Multiple access within piconet: TDMA+CSMA/CAsame as 15.4

Multiple access across piconets: CDM + FDMDifferent Piconet uses different Base Sequence & different 500 MHz band

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Types of Receivers Supported• Coherent Detection: The phase of the received

carrier waveform is known, and utilized for demodulation

• Differential Chip Detection: The carrier phase of the previous signaling interval is used as phase reference for demodulation

• Non-coherent Detection: The carrier phase information (e.g.pulse polarity) is unknown at the receiver

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

1. The sequence Set should have orthogonal (or near orthogonal)

cross correlation properties to minimise symbol decision error for

all the below receivers

a. For coherent receiver

b. For differential chip receiver

c. For non-coherent symbol detection receiver

d. Energy detection receiver

2. Each sequence should have good auto-correlation properties

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

2. To minimise impact of DC noise effect on energy collector based non-coherent receiver

• For OOK signaling, the transmitter transmits {+1,-1,0} ternary sequences

• Conventional receive unipolar code sequence – follows transmit sequence • After the energy capture in the receiver, the noise has positive

DC components in each chip; error occurs in thresholding, especially at lower SNR

• This will accumulate noise unevenly in symbol decision• An ideal receive despreading chip sequence should then have

bipolar chip values, preferrably with equal number of ‘+1 and ‘-1’ chips• This, to certain extent, will nullify DC noise energy in symbol

decision• This, will also nullify energy components from other interfering

piconets

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Base Sequence Set

Seq 1 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -

Seq 2 0 - 0 + - - 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 + - 0 + 0 0 0 0 + - 0 0 + 0 0 + - - -

Seq 3 0 - + 0 + + - - - 0 + 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 + 0 + + 0 0 0 0 - + - 0 0

Seq 4 0 0 + 0 + - - 0 - - 0 0 0 - + - + + 0 0 + + 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 -

Seq 5 0 + - + - 0 0 - 0 0 + + 0 0 0 0 + 0 - - 0 - 0 + 0 0 0 - - + 0 +

Seq 6 0 0 0 - + - 0 0 0 0 + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 0 + 0 - - - + + 0 + -

• 31-chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen• Only one sequence and one fixed band (no hopping) will be used

by all devices in a piconet• Logical channels for support of multiple piconets

•6 sequences = 6 logical channels (e.g. overlapping piconets) for each FDM Band

• The same base sequence will be used to construct the symbol-to-chip mapping table

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Symbol Cyclic shift to right by n chips, n=

32-Chip value

0000 0 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -

0001 2 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0

0011 4 0 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - +

0010 6 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0

0110 8 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0

0111 10 0 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 +

0101 12 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0

0100 14 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0

1100 15 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 –

1101 17 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 +

1111 19 0 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + +

1110 21 0 + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 +

1010 23 0 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + -

1011 25 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0

1001 27 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0

1000 29 0 - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + -

Symbol-to-Chip Mapping:Gray coded 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying

To obtain 32-chip per symbol, cyclic shift the Base Sequence first, then append a ‘0’-chip in front

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Good Properties of the Mapping Sequence

1. Cyclic nature, leads to simple implementation

2. Zero DC for each sequence

3. No need for carrier phase tracking (i.e. coherent receiver)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Synchronisation Preamble

• Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties• Preamble is constructed by repeating ‘0000’ symbols • Long preamble is constructed by further symbol repetition

Correlator output for synchronisation

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Frame Format

PPDU

Octets:

PHY Layer

Preamble

4? 1

FrameLength

SFD

1

SHR PHR PSDU

MPDU

Data: 32 (n=23)

FrameCont.

Seq. # AddressData Payload CRC

Octets: 2 1 0/4/8 2

MAC Sublayer

n

MHR MSDU MFR

For ACK: 5 (n=0)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Transmission Mode Mode

Data Rate

(Mbps)

Bit / symbo

l

Sym. Rep.

TX Sign-aling

Receiver type

1a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers - High Data Rate Mode (for Energy Collection receivers)

1b 0.75 4 4 Ternary - Long Preamble for all receivers - Low Data Rate Mode (for Energy Collection receivers)

2a 3 4 1 Binary - High Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential Chip Receiver)

2b 0.75 4 4 Binary - Low Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential Chip Receiver)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Modulation & Coding (Mode 1)

Bit to symbol mapping: group every 4 bits into a symbol

Symbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip sequence, according to 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying

Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalability

Pulse Genarator: • Transmit Ternary pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Bit-to-Symbol

Symbol Repetition

Binary data

From PPDU

Pulse Generator

{0,1,-1} Ternary Sequence

Symbol-to-Chip

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Modulation & Coding (Mode 2)

Bit to symbol mapping: group every 4 bits into a symbol

Symbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip sequence, according to 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying

Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalability

Ternary to Binary conversion: (-1/+1 → 1,0 → -1)

Pulse Genarator: • Transmit bipolar pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Bit-to-Symbol

Symbol Repetition

Binary data

From PPDU

Ternary-Binary

{0,1,-1} Ternary Sequence

Symbol-to-Chip

Pulse Generator

{1,-1} Binary Sequence

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Code Sequence Properties & Performance

1. AWGN Performance

2. Multipath Performance

I. For Coherent Symbol Detector

II. For Non-coherent Symbol Detector

III. For Differential Chip Detector

IV. For Energy Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance

AWGN performance @ 1% PER

@ 3 Mbps Coherent symbol detection

Non-coherent symbol detection

Differential chip detection

Energy detection

Mode 1 6.5 dB 8.5 dB 13 dB 13.5 dB

Mode 2 6.5 dB 7.5 dB 11.5 dB -

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Coherent/Non-Coherent Symbol Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 2) = TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 1) =

Cross Correlation Properties for Coherent/Non-Coherent Symbol Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance forCoherent Symbol Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance forNon-Coherent Symbol Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Differential Chip Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Cross Correlation Properties for Differential Chip Detector

DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) * DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 1) =

DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) * DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 2) =

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

nx ,1nx ,2

nx ,3

1,1 nx 1,2 nx

1,3 nx

*,31,3

*,21,2

*,11,1 ReReRe nnnnnn xxxxxx

Multipath Combining forDifferential Chip Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance forDifferential Chip Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

• Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver, for low cost, low complexity

• Soft chip values gives best results• Oversampling & sequence correlation is used to

recovery chip timing recovery• Synchronization fully re-acquired for each new packet

received (=> no very accurate timebase needed)

BPF ( )2 LPF / integrator

ADC

Sample Rate 1/Tc

SoftDespread

Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures (Mode 1)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Energy Detection Receiver

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Cross Correlation Properties for Energy Detection Receiver

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet ' =

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance forEnergy Detector

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Basic Data Rate Throughput (Low Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 0.75 Mbps)

• Symbol Period = 1.33us

– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 0.75= 405.3 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 0.75 = 117.3 µsec

– tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec

– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec

– Tframe = 1355 µsec

– Useful Basic Data Rate = 189.0 kbps

LIFStACK

Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK

Tframe

(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

LIFStACK


Tframe


Basic Data Rate Throughput (High Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)


– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 3 = 101.3 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec





March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

LIFStACK


Tframe


Basic Data Rate Throughput (High Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 127 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)


– Data frame time : 127 x 8 / 3 = 354.7 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec





March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Link Budget

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Ranging and Positioning

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Asynchronous Ranging Scheme• Synchronous ranging

– One way ranging

– Simple TOA/TDOA measurement

– Universal external clock

• Asynchronous ranging– Two way ranging

– TOA/TDOA measurement by RTTs

– Half-duplex type of signal exchange

Transmitted packets

Received packets

TOF : Time Of Flight

RTT : Round Trip Time

SHR : Synchronization Header

SHR Payload

SHR Payload

SHR Payload

Reference Time

A

B

C

TOFAB

TOFAC

TDOABC

RTT

TOF

TOF

SHR SHRPayload Payload

Pre- determined delay time(T)

SHR Payload SHR Payload

TOF = (RTT- 2k- T)/2

k

Synchronous Ranging Asynchronous Ranging

But, HighComplexity

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Features- Sequential two-way ranging is executed via relay transmissions- PAN coordinator manages the overall schedule for positioning- Inactive mode processing is required along the positioning- PAN coordinator may transfer all sorts of information such as observed - TDOAs to a processing unit (PU) for position calculation

Benefits- It does not need pre-synchronization among the devices- Positioning in mobile environment is partly accomplished

PAN coordinator

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

RFD

TOA14

TOA24

TOA34

P_FFD : Positioning Full Function DeviceRFD : Reduced Function Device

PU

Proposed Positioning Scheme

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Process of Proposed Positioning Scheme

PAN coordinator

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

RFD

T

T

T

T

RTT12

RTT23

RTT13

RTT14

RTT24

RTT34

T12

T23T13

T14

T34

T24: Transmited packets

: Received packets TOA TOA measurementmeasurement

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

More Details for obtaining TDOAs• Distances among the positioning FFDs are calculated from RTT

measurements and known time interval T

• Using observed RTT measurements and calculated distances, TOAs/TDOAs are updated

RTTRTT1212 = T + 2T = T + 2T1212

RTTRTT2323 = T + = T + 2T2T2323

RTTRTT1313 = T = T1212 + 2T + T + 2T + T2323 + T + T1313

TT1212 = (RTT = (RTT1212 – T)/2 – T)/2

TT2323 = (RTT = (RTT2323 – T)/2 – T)/2

TT13 13 = (RTT= (RTT1313 – T – T1212 – T – T2323 – 2T) – 2T)

RTTRTT3434 = T = T3434 + T + + T + TT3434

RTTRTT1414 = T = T1212 + T + T + T + T2323 + T + T + T + T3434 + T + + T + TT1414

RTTRTT2424 = T = T2323 + T + T + T + T3434 + T + + T + TT2424

TOATOA1414 = (RTT = (RTT1414 - T - T1212 - T - T2323 - TOA - TOA3434 - -

3T)3T)

TOATOA3434 = (RTT = (RTT3434 - T)/2 - T)/2

TOATOA2424 = (RTT = (RTT2424 - T - T23 23 - TOA- TOA3434 - - 2T)2T)

TDOATDOA1212 = TOA = TOA1414 – TOA – TOA2424

TDOATDOA2323 = TOA = TOA2424 – TOA – TOA3434

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Position Calculation using TDOAs• The range difference measurement defines a hyperboloid of

constant range difference

• When multiple range difference measurements are obtained, producing multiple hyperboloids, the position location of the device is at the intersection among the hyperboloids

2 2 2 2, , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )i j i j i j i i j jR c TDOA c TOA TOA X x Y y X x Y y

A

B

C

TOATag_A

TOATag_B

TOATag_CTag

TDOAB_C

TDOAA_B

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Positioning Scenario Overview

Cluster 1

Cluster 1

Case 1

Case 2

PAN Coordinator

FFD

RFD

Positioning FFD(P_FFD)

• Using static reference nodes in relatively large scaled cluster :– Power control is required– Power consumption increases– All devices in cluster must be in

inactive data transmission mode

• Using static and dynamic nodes in overlapped small scaled sub-clusters :– Sequential positioning is executed

in each sub-cluster– Low power consumption– Associated sub-cluster in

positioning mode should be in inactive data transmission mode

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Positioning Scenario for Star topology• Star topology

– PAN coordinator activated mode • Positioning all devices• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is not

required – Target device activated mode

• Positioning is requested from some device• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is required

S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning AddressT_addr. : Target Address

PAN coordinator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD

S_addr.

PAN_co.

D_addr.

P_FFD1

P_addr.

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD1

D_addr.

P_FFD2

P_addr.

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

T_RFD1

S_addr.

P_FFD2

D_addr.

P_FFD3

P_addr.

P_FFD3

T_RFD1

S_addr.

P_FFD3

D_addr.

T_RFD1

S_addr.

T_RFD1

P_addr.

T_RFD1

Broadcastingto all P_FFDs

T_addr.

T_RFD1

T_addr.

T_RFD1

T_addr.

T_RFD1

FDD 측위 용 FFD2

측위용FFD1

RFD1

PANcoordinator

측위 용 FFD3

RFD3

RFD2

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Positioning Scenario for Cluster-tree Topology

P_FFD1

RFD3

RFD0

RFD2RFD1

FFD0

PANcoordinator

P_FFD3

RFD5

P_FFD2

RFD4

RFD1 RFD3

FFD1

FFD0

RFD2FFD2

RFD4

RFD6

RFD7

FFD1

Cluster-tree topology

PAN coordinator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD

S_addr.

PAN_co.

D_addr.

P_FFD1

P_addr.

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD1

D_addr.

P_FFD2

P_addr.

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD2

D_addr.

P_FFD3

P_addr.

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD3

D_addr.

T_RFD5

S_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

Broadcastingto all P_FFDs

N_P_addr.

P_FFD2P_FFD1

re- arragement

N_addr.

FFD0FFD1RFD6

S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning AddressT_addr. : Target AddressN_addr. : Neighbor AddressN_P_addr. : Neighbor Positioning Address

FFD1

P_FFD3

addition

P_addr.

P_FFD3

T_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Ranging Accuracy Improvement• Technical requirement for positioning

– “It can be related to precise (tens of centimeters) localization in some

cases, but is generally limited to about one meter ”

• Parameters for technical requirement– Minimum required pulse duration :

– Minimum required clock speed for the correlator in the conventional coherent systems

8

1[ ]3.333[nsec]

3 10 [ / sec]

m

m

1300 [ ]

3.333[nsec]MHz

★ Fast ADC clock speed in the conventional coherent receiver is required for the digital signal processing

High Cost !

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Analog Energy Window Bank (1)• Digital signal processing with fast clock can be replaced by

using analog energy window bank with low clock speed• Why analog energy window bank?

– Conventional single energy window may support the energy detection for data demodulation in the operation mode

– However, this cannot guarantee the correct searching of the signal position in the timing mode (that also means the ambiguity of ranging accuracy)

• Analog energy window bank can sufficiently support timing and calibration as well as operation mode – Widow Bank Size : ~4 nsec (smallest pulse duration)

– The number of energy windows in a bank : 11

– Operation clock speed of each energy window : 24 MHz

– Number of the required energy windows depends on the power delay profile of the multipath channel (effective multipath components)

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Analog Energy Window Bank (2)

2

2 sec( )

ndt

2

2 sec( )

ndt

Integrator Bankfor Timing and

Calibration Mode

Integrator Bankfor Operation Mode

(Demodulation)

ThresholdComparison

Bit “1” Bit “0”

Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer

Estimating orAveraging

2

2 sec( )

ndt

2

2 sec( )

ndt

2

2 sec( )

ndt

2

2 sec( )

ndt

Size of the Integrated Bank (S)

First Path Estimation and Calibration

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Modifying MAC

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Modifications of MAC Command Frame (1)• Features

– Frame control field• frame type : positioning (new addition using a reserved bit)

– Command frame identifier field• Positioning request/response (new addition)

– Positioning parameter information field• Absolute coordinates of positioning FFDs

• POS range

• List of positioning FFDs and target devices

• Power control

• Pre-determined processing time (T)

Octets : Octets : 22

11 0/4/80/4/8 11 variablevariable 22

Framecontrol

SequenceSequencenumbernumber

AddressinAddressingg

fieldsfields

command frame

identifier

Positioning

parameter

CommandCommandpayloadpayload FCSFCS

MHRMHR MAC payloadMAC payload MFMFRR

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Modifications of MAC Command Frame (2)

Command frameCommand frameidentifieridentifier Command frameCommand frame

00x01x01 Association requestAssociation request

00x02x02 Association responseAssociation response

00x03x03 Disassociation notificationDisassociation notification

00x04x04 Data requestData request

00x05x05 PAN ID conflict notificationPAN ID conflict notification

00x06x06 Orphan notificationOrphan notification

00x07x07 Beacon requestBeacon request

00x08x08 Coordinator realignmentCoordinator realignment

00x09x09 GTS requestGTS request

00x0ax0a Positioning requestPositioning request

00x0bx0b Positioning responsePositioning response

00x0c~0xffx0c~0xff ReservedReserved

bits : 0~2bits : 0~2 33 44 55 66 7~97~9 10~1110~11 12~1312~13 14~1514~15

FrameFrametypetype

SecuritSecurityy

enabledenabled

FrameFramependinpendin

gg

Ack.Ack.requestrequest

Intra- Intra- PANPAN

ReserveReservedd

Dest.Dest.addressing addressing

modemode

ReserveReservedd

SourceSourceaddressing addressing

modemode

Frame type Frame type valuevalue DescriptionDescription

000000 BeaconBeacon

001001 DataData

010010 AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

011011 MAC commandMAC command

100100 PositioningPositioning

101~111101~111 ReservedReserved

• Frame Control

• Command frame identifier

• Positioning parameter

FixedFixedcoordinatcoordinat

ee

POSPOSrangerange

positioning positioning FFDsFFDs

Address & Address & Target Target

devices listsdevices lists

Pre-Pre-determined determined processing processing

time(T)time(T)

Power Power ControlControl

March 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a

Submission

Summary

The proposed system:• Impulse-radio based system coupled with a

Common ternary signaling allows operation among different classes of nodes / type of receivers, with varying cost / power / performance trade-off

• Has Band Plan based on multiple 500+MHz bands

• Is robust against SOP interference• Is robust against other in-band interference

Documents

Doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-03-004a Submission March 2005 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al. Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal