Do Now: Good Morning DEAR

‘‘There’s an elephant in the room’ is There’s an elephant in the room’ is a saying that means sometimes in a saying that means sometimes in life there is a glaring issue staring life there is a glaring issue staring everyone in the face, but no one everyone in the face, but no one wants to confront it. wants to confront it.

Choose one of these two quotes Choose one of these two quotes that are related to ‘the elephant’ that are related to ‘the elephant’ and respond. Can you think of a and respond. Can you think of a time when there was an elephant in time when there was an elephant in your living room? Or classroom?your living room? Or classroom?

““The important thing is the obvious The important thing is the obvious thing that nobody talks about.”thing that nobody talks about.”

— — William S. BurroughsWilliam S. Burroughs

"When there’s an elephant in the "When there’s an elephant in the room introduce him." room introduce him." 

— Randy Pausch— Randy Pausch

Do Now: Where in the world is Ms. Hunko?

1.1. I am learning herding techniques from the I am learning herding techniques from the Masai people in Masai people in this East African country this East African country that borders Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and that borders Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Somalia.Somalia.

2.2. Whoa! The air is thin up here! I am climbing Whoa! The air is thin up here! I am climbing the world’s tallest mountain the world’s tallest mountain in this country in this country in the Himalayasin the Himalayas. Hint – I’m pretty close to . Hint – I’m pretty close to the Tibet region of China and Bhutan.the Tibet region of China and Bhutan.

3.3. It sure is damp… I’m in the rainforests of this It sure is damp… I’m in the rainforests of this South American countrySouth American country, home to the , home to the father of magical realism, Gabriel Garcia father of magical realism, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and whose capital is Bogota. Marquez, and whose capital is Bogota.

4.4. I am in I am in a former Soviet country a former Soviet country which is which is nestled between Russia and Latvia. The view nestled between Russia and Latvia. The view of the Baltic Sea from Talinn is gorgeous!of the Baltic Sea from Talinn is gorgeous!

The United Nations• The United Nations is

the organization formed at the close of World War II to improve the condition of developing countries and to maintain world peace.

• The United Nations acts as an international philanthropist**someone who gives money to the needy

What does their logo What does their logo symbolizesymbolize?

The United Nations• The UN has

representatives from 192 countries

• The UN Security Council makes decisions such as when to step into a conflict like Rwanda or Libya

• There are 5 countries always in the UN Security Council: China, UK, Russia, USA and France. The other 10 countries rotate.

Note: China, UK, Russia, USA and France all must agree!

Roleplaying the United Nations

• Each of your tables will represent one country in the UN security council

• Discuss your answer to the question:

Should we establish a no-fly zone over Libya?

Background Info:Background Info:• A no-fly zone says that no one can fly

over Libya – or else they will be shot down.

• Some people wanted a no-fly zone in order to stop the civil war and President Qaddafy’s attacks on civilians

• Some people did not want a no-fly zone because it could start a bigger war.

Note: China, UK, Russia, USA and France all must agree!

Economic Geography:the study of the flow of goods and services through space

New York Stock ExchangeNew York Stock Exchange

Fiat Factory, Italy

Chemist in Laboratory

Today’s Big Ideas

• Economic Sectors• Industrialization and Post-

Industrialization

Next class:• Today’s global economy• Core-periphery (Int’l div. of labor)• Theories

Primary Activities

• Harvest and direct removal Harvest and direct removal of raw materials such as of raw materials such as mining, forestry, ranching mining, forestry, ranching and agriculture and agriculture

• Most important in the LDCs.Most important in the LDCs.

• More Examples:More Examples:– Subsistence Agriculture– Fishing and Forestry– Mining and Quarrying– Ranching and Nomadic

Herding

Primary Products

The percentage of people working in agriculture The percentage of people working in agriculture exceeds 75% in many LDCs of Africa and Asia. exceeds 75% in many LDCs of Africa and Asia. In Anglo-America and Western Europe the figure In Anglo-America and Western Europe the figure is <5%is <5%

Secondary Activities (manufacturing)

• Processing and transforming natural Processing and transforming natural resources into goods for consumptionresources into goods for consumption

• These used to be most important in MDCs (like These used to be most important in MDCs (like the US) but increasingly important in the semi-the US) but increasingly important in the semi-periphery or countries not as dev. (Korea, periphery or countries not as dev. (Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore)Mexico, Brazil, Singapore)

• Examples:Examples:– SteelSteel– TextilesTextiles– Auto assemblyAuto assembly

Secondary Activities (manufacturing)

Tertiary Activities (service)

•Exchange of goods produced in Exchange of goods produced in secondary activitiessecondary activities

•Most important service centers are major Most important service centers are major citiescities

•Examples:Examples:– RetailRetail– RestaurantsRestaurants– BankingBanking– Basic servicesBasic services

Quaternary and Quinary Activities (knowledge and beyond)

•Activities having to do with generating or Activities having to do with generating or exchanging knowledge exchanging knowledge (quarternary)(quarternary)•High-level decision making and scientific High-level decision making and scientific research research (quinary)(quinary)

•Examples:Examples:– EducationEducation– LawLaw– Research & developmentResearch & development– Information technologyInformation technology– Less-developed countries often focus on

tourism.

Industrialization

•Began with the Began with the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution that arose in England in that arose in England in the late 1700sthe late 1700s

•The IR led to profound The IR led to profound changes to economies, changes to economies, especially those in especially those in Europe, East Asia and Europe, East Asia and North America North America (these (these areas are home to most areas are home to most of the world’s of the world’s industrialized countries)industrialized countries)

Industrialization

•Before the IR people Before the IR people produced goods and produced goods and services in small shopsservices in small shops

•After the IR, large After the IR, large scale industrialization scale industrialization or mass production or mass production dominates dominates

Deindustrialization/Post-Industrialization

•Since the 1970’s most Since the 1970’s most highly developed countries, highly developed countries, who once were major who once were major manufacturers, have shifted manufacturers, have shifted to information and service-to information and service-based economiesbased economies

– MDC’s today: Tertiary MDC’s today: Tertiary activities and beyondactivities and beyond

•Industry has moved to Industry has moved to less-developed countries less-developed countries where it’s cheaper to where it’s cheaper to produce and manufactureproduce and manufacture

Deindustrialization/Post-Industrialization

•MDC’s are still the major MDC’s are still the major consumers and house the consumers and house the major corporationsmajor corporations

•Because of Because of deindustrialization, or deindustrialization, or what happens when what happens when industry leaves an area, industry leaves an area, many places in the US & many places in the US & UK – the Rust Belt of the UK – the Rust Belt of the Midwest and central Midwest and central Britain – have suffered Britain – have suffered economicallyeconomically

Do Now: Homework Discussion

Take out you Take out you Roger & Me Roger & Me Free Free Response Question HW. Response Question HW.

Discuss your responses with your Discuss your responses with your tablemates. Allow everyone at least 1 tablemates. Allow everyone at least 1 min. Be ready to share your most min. Be ready to share your most salientsalient* idea from the homework to * idea from the homework to the class. the class. (5 min)(5 min)

*particularly striking with its significance

Today’s Big Ideas

• The International Division of Labor: The Global Economy

• Core-Periphery Model• Theories

Next class:• Quest

What is division of labor?

• Division of labor is the specialization of labor into Division of labor is the specialization of labor into specific tasks and rolesspecific tasks and roles

• Historically, the more divided the labor force is, the Historically, the more divided the labor force is, the more growth a country experiences and the more more growth a country experiences and the more developed they becomedeveloped they become

The International Division of Labor and

The Global Economy• As a result of globalization, there has been a As a result of globalization, there has been a spatial division of spatial division of

laborlabor    (the int’l dol) (the int’l dol) which occurs when the process of production is which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies. no longer confined to national economies.

• This led to a "global industrial shift” from producing in This led to a "global industrial shift” from producing in developed developed countriescountries to  to developing countriesdeveloping countries in Asia and Latin America.  in Asia and Latin America.

New International Division of Labor

More of …Int’l DOL and The Global Economy

• Business does not only take place in brick and mortar shops, nor does it have to take place inside one’s own country

• Companies can operate from nearly anywhere on the internet (e-commerce)

• Many companies manufacture their goods in other countries for cheaper prices

More of … The Int’l DOL and The Global Economy

• Transnational Transnational corporations corporations have been very aggressive in using low-cost labor in LDCs.– Corps. seek elimination of

trade barriers – No minimum standards in

place – Huge loss of U.S. jobs after

NAFTANAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement – made it easier to trade between US, Mexico and Canada

Criticisms of the Global Economy

The Global Economy• Many American companies set

up factories in Mexican maquiladora maquiladora cities

• Maquiladoras are an example of an export-processing zone, a place that’s – Accessible for easy distribution of

goods– Has lax environmental restriction– Tax exemptions

Core-Periphery ModelA global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections…

•Core – MDC’sMDC’s with high per capita (literally per head or per person)

income and living standards– most central to the global most central to the global

economyeconomy– great power and influencegreat power and influence

– Ex:

Core

Sem

i-Perip

hery

Core-Periphery ModelA global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections…

•Semi-periphery – newly industrialized countries who exist between the core and periphery; median income and standard of living

– increasing power and influence in increasing power and influence in global economyglobal economy

– Ex:

Core

Do Now: Even MORE Big AP Concepts

Malthusian TheoryMalthusian Theory is a BIG idea on the AP exam and it relates to food production and population growth. Read the handout on Malthus’ theory of population and answer the questions below:

1.What did Malthus predict would happen? Explain using details!

2.Did his prediction come true, why or why not?

Mock AP Exam #2

Today you will begin the second Mock AP exam of the year.

FYI:

Core-Periphery Model

A global economy has divided the world’s countries into 3 sections…

•Periphery – LDC’sLDC’s with low productivity, low per capita income and living standards

– least power and influenceleast power and influence– most opportunities for developmentmost opportunities for development

– Ex:

Sem

i-Perip

hery

Core

Periphery

Resources and Technology

• Resources affect patterns of development: cultivable land, energy sources, minerals. But changes in technology affect the value of these resources. Also, trade or lack of it can offset lack of resources (Japan) or make them less relevant (Brazil).

• Technology Systems: roughly every 50 years since 1790 a new complex of technologies has revolutionized the world economic system and its structure. The most recent of these is the system which includes biotechnology, advanced materials (superconductors, solar power) and information technology.

Which parts of the world benefited from the shift from coal to oil? Which suffered? Which parts of the world will benefit from the inevitable end of our reliance on petroleum and the necessary shift to wind, hydro, tide, or solar power ?

Tertiary and Beyond: Services

Less-developed countries often focus on tourism.

Club Med, The Bahamas

Vendors, Bali

Trading Blocks

• International agreements that eliminate barriers to trade within regions:– North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA)– European Union (EU)– Oil Producing and Exporting Countries

(OPEC)Trading OrganizationsInternational agreements that eliminate

barriers to trade among members: World Trade Organization (WTO)

Principals of LocationIndustrial Location: Site and Situation

Factors– Raw Materials– Energy– Labor– Market– Transport

In order to succeed industries must have some comparative advantage in one or more of these factors. Moreover, demand must exist for the product.

Industrial Location: Transport Characteristics (Bulk-Reducing)

Secondary Activities: Manufacturing

Industrial Location: Site and Situation Factors– Transport Characteristics (Bulk-

Gaining)

Service Location Theory

•Market Areas - circular or hexagonal area from which customers are drawn.

•Range - maximum distance people will go for a service

•Threshold - minimum # of consumers needed to support the service.

Convenience Store Locations

Service Location Theory

•Market Areas - circular or hexagonal area from which customers are drawn.

•Range - maximum distance people will go for a service

•Threshold - minimum # of consumers needed to support the service.

Grocery Store Locations

Industrial Location: Site and Situation Factors– Labor Supply versus Access to Markets

Woven Cotton Production

East Asian Manufacturing Centers

Why are so many wovens produced in the less developed world?

The industrial centers of Japan, for example, depend on imported raw materials and access to markets via the Pacific.