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8/17/2019 DNA Stucture LE
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1
DO NOW:
What is a Gene?
8/17/2019 DNA Stucture LE
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
DEFINE DNA.NAME the scientists who discovered the
structure of a DNA molecule.
DESCRIBE the role of DNA in organisms.NAME the three arts of a Nucleotide.NAME the ! Nitrogenous Bases of DNA."IS# the $ase%airing rules.
DESCRIBE the shae of DNA.
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*DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
--This chemical substance is present in the nucleusOf ALL cells in ALL livin oranisms!
--DNA controls:
1! All of the chemical changes "hich ta#e place in cells!
$! The kind of cell "hich is formed% &muscle%
blood% nerve% etc'(!)! The kind of organism "hich is produced
&iraffe% bacteria% human% funi% etc'(!
$
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WHO DISCOVERED DNA’sWHO DISCOVERED DNA’s
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE?MOLECULAR STRUCTURE?
&ames 'atson and Francis Cric( werecredited with the discover).
#he) were aided $) information sharedfrom Maurice 'il(ins and RosalindFran(lin.
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*DNA is a ver* lare molecule made up of a lon
chain of sub-units!
--The sub-units are called nucleotides.
--+ach nucleotide is made up of:
1! a ,-carbon deoxyribose suar
$! a phosphate roup -PO4
)! ON+ of four Nitrogenous bases
)
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-ibose is a suar% li#e lucose% but "ith onl* five
carbon atoms in its molecule
-Deoxyribose is almost the same but lac#s one
o*en atom
--.oth molecules are represented b* the s*mbol:
/
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--DNA has / t*pes of nitroen bases:
Adenine &A(
Th*mine &T(
0*tosine &0(
Guanine &G(
,
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8/17/2019 DNA Stucture LE
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--The deo*ribose suar% the phosphate% and one
nitroen base combine to form a nucleotide!
adenine
deo*ribose
O/
2
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A molecule of
DNA is formed
b* millions of
nucleotides 3oined toether
in a lon chain
O/
O/
O/
O/
suar-phosphate
bac#bone
4 bases
5
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--The DNA consists of a double strand of
nucleotides
--The suar-phosphate chains are on the outside
--The t"o strands are held together b* "ea#
hydrogen bonds bet"een the bases!
6
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O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
2-stranded DNA2-stranded DNA 7
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&The bases al"a*s pair up in the same "a*(
Adenine forms a bond "ith Th*mine
and 0*tosine bonds "ith Guanine
18
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
.A9+-A;NG ;
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O/
O/
O/
thymine
O/
O/
O/
O/
adenine
cytosine
O/
guanine
11
1$
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O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
O/
1$
1)
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The paired strands are coiled into a spiral called
A DO!"#$ %$#&'
1)
1/
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sugar-phosphate
chain
bases
THE DOUBLETHE DOUBLE
HELIXHELIX
1/
1,
8/17/2019 DNA Stucture LE
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A DIY model of A DIY model of
part of a DNApart of a DNA
moleculemolecule
1,