DNA REVIEW QUESTIONS

DNA Structure Questions

Question #1

What does A stand for? Adenine

Question #2

What three things make up a nucleotide?

1 sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogen base

Question #3

Who is credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA?

Watson and Crick

Question #4

What is the basic structure of DNA called? Hint-twisted ladder

Double helix

Question #5

Complete the following diagram using the base-pairing rule

GTCGAC CAGCTG

Question #6

What does C stand for? Cytosine

Question #7

What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question #8

Are there any two people who have exactly the same DNA?

Yes, identical twins

Question #9

Why is DNA sometimes called the fingerprint inside your body?

Because no two peoples DNA is the same (except twins) and no two peoples fingerprints are the same

Question #10

What are the rails of the DNA strand made up of?

The sugar phosphate backbone is made up of the sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate.

Question #11

What are the steps of the DNA strand are called?

Nitrogenous Bases

Question #12

In a DNA Strand A pairs with ____. T (thymine)

DNA Replication Questions

Question #13

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a DNA strand for replication?

DNA Helicase

Question #14

How does DNA Helicase unzip the strand?

It breaks the bonds (hydrogen) between the two nitrogenous bases

Question #15

When does DNA Replication occur during the cell cycle?

S-phase of interphase

Question #16

Why is it necessary for DNA Replication to occur?

I will take either of the following:To preserve the genetic code between cellsTo prepare for mitosis or meiosis

Question #17

In DNA replications, how many new double strands are made?

One

Question #18

DNA Replication follows the Semi-conservative model of replication, what does this mean?

It means that each strand is made up of one old strand (parent) and one new strand (daughter)

Question #19

In DNA Replication, which enzyme is responsible for laying down the complement bases?

DNA Polymerase

Question #20

Write the DNA Replication complement to this strand.

ATCGCCGATC TAGCGGCTAG

Transcription

Question #21

What are the three types of RNA? mRNA , tRNA, rRNA

Question #22

What does tRNA transfer? Transfer RNA transfers amino acids.

Question #23

What does mRNA stand for? Messenger RNA

Question #24

What does rRNA stand for? Ribosomal RNA

Question #25

Where does transcription take place in the cell?

In the nucleus

Question #26

In transcription, which enzyme is responsible for laying down complimentary bases to the parent strand?

RNA Polymerase

Question #27

Illustrate the central dogma DNA RNA Proteins traits

Question #28

In RNA, A pairs with ____ U (Uracil)

Question #29

In transcription, G pairs with ___ C

Question #30

What are the two products of one round of transcription?

On strand DNA, one strand RNA

Question #31

What is the name of the sugar found in RNA?

Ribose

Question #32

Is RNA double or single-stranded? Single Stranded

Translation

Question #33

What is made as a result of translation? Proteins

Question #34

How many bases make up a codon? 3

Question #35

What is the basic unit of proteins? Amino Acids

Question #36

How many codons does the following tRNA strand have?

AUGCCGGGCUUAGCGUGA

Question #37

What three bases make up a start codon?

AUG (needs to be in this order)

Question #38

Name all three stop codons. UAG, UAA, UGA

Question #39

In translation proteins are made from a _____ template

RNA

Question #40

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Ribosome

Bonus Question- Worth 30 pts.

Use the following to decode the tRNA strand.

AUGGGCCUGUGA Met-Gly-Leu-Stop