DNA Rep & Protein Syn

1928 – Griffith Transformation Experiment

1941-Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

1952-Hershey & Chase

1952-Rosalind Franklin

1953-Watson & Crick

Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes

DNA StructureDeoxyribonucleic AcidDouble HelixMade of nucleotides

Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose)PhosphateNitrogenous Base

A-T / C-G

Nucleotide

Nitrogenous Bases

Base Pairing

DNA is AntiParallel

DNA is still AntiParallel

How?

Possible Models for DNA Replication

Step 1

Step 2

DNA Replication Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120076/micro04.swf::DNA%20Replication%20Fork

Think About ItIf your DNA has 6 billion base pairs and generally there is one mistake made for every 100,000bp that are copied during replication, how many errors should result each time you copied your DNA?How many errors result in reality?Why?

Protein Synthesis Overview

RNA StructureRibonucleic AcidSingle Strand of nucleotides

Pentose Sugar (ribose)PhosphateNitrogenous Base

A-U / C-G

RNA Nucleotide

3 Types of RNAmRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Protein Synthesis

Step 1 – Transcription

Step 2 – Translation

TranscriptionDefinitionTATA BoxRNA PolymeraseDNA Terminator5’ CapPoly – A Tail

TATA Box

Transcription Animationhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcription___quiz_2_.html

mRNA Processing

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/animation_-_exon_shuffling.html

TranslationDefinition

mRNA Codons

thedogbitthecatforfun

the dog bit the cat for fun

aug uuu cgc ggg cua aga uaa

tRNA

Ribosome

Codons

Codons

Translation Animationhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_translation_works.html

Protein Folding

Protein Processinghttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animation__protein_denaturation.html

Gene RegulationRepressible Operon – trp OperonInducible Operon – lac Operon

trp Operon

lac Operon

cAMP & lac Operon

lac Operon Animationhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_combination_of_switches__the_lac_operon.html