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DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA Structure
What is DNA?
The information that determines an organism’s traits.
Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next.
DNA produces proteins which gives it “The power”
Many things contain and are made of proteins.
Skin, hair, bones, etc are made of proteins.
What is DNA? Cont’d
Enzymes are special proteins. Enzymes control chemical reactions
needed for life. DNA contains all the information for
making all and any proteins for human life.
DNA Structure:
DNA is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides.
Nucleotides have three parts:– Simple sugar– Phosphate group– Nitrogen base
1 Nucleotide
Phosphate Group
Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Nitrogen Base
DNA Structure The simple sugar is called deoxyribose.
The phosphate group is made of phosphate and oxygen.
DNA Structure
Four possible Nitrogen Bases:– Thymine (T)– Adenine (A)– Cytosine (C)– Guanine (G)
DNA
Nucleotides join together to form long chains.
The phosphate group of one nucleotide joins together with the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide.
“Backbone”
“Teeth”
DNA
Nitrogen bases pair up
– Adenine & Thymine (A-T)
– Cytosine & Guanine (C-G)
Complementary bases
Watson & Crick and Franklin, Watson & Crick and Franklin, 19531953
Rosalind Franklin is the first one to see the DNA
Watson and Crick Proposed DNA is put together like a “twisted zipper”
DNA = 2 chains of nucleotides joined by nitrogen bases
Watson & Crick, 1953Watson & Crick, 1953Double HelixDouble Helix
Double = DNA has two strands
Helix = twisted like a spring, “spiral”
Importance of Sequencing The sequence of the four different nucleotides
determines what organism is created.
For instance: T-A-A-G-C-A is different than A-T-C-A-A-G
Another example: E-A-R-T-H is different than H-E-A-R-T
vs.
Importance of Sequencing
The more similar the order of nucleotides are, the closer the relationship between 2 organisms
1 Nucleotide
Phosphate Group
Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Nitrogen Base