Division Pyrrhophyta ไดโนแฟลกเจลเลต

8/6/2019 Division Pyrrhophyta

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DIVISION PYRRHOPHYTA

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Dinoflagellates- 2 flagella

-

-plankton, parasite, colony, symbiosis

(zooxanthellae), filamentous form

-130 2,000

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Theca

Amphiesma

scale OxyrrhisHeterocapsa



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.



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- Chrolophyll a, c

- - carotene-Xanthophylls ( )

Peridinin ,Neodiadinoxanthin, - Dinoxanthin,Neodinoxanthin, Neoperidinin

1.

1.1



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1.2

1.2.1 cell wall

- Unar mored/ Naked Dinoflagellatepellicle Transverse furrow/ girdle

cingulum epicone, hypocone

longitudinal furrowsulcus

-Armored/ Thecate Dinoflagellate theca plates



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Naked dinoflagellates Armored dinoflagellates

Girdle

cingulum

sulcus

epitheca

hypotheca

epicone

hypocone



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Amphiasma, theca

sulcus

cingulum

pellicle

epicone

hypocone

Gymnodinium sp.

Peridinium sp.



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1.2.2 eye spot

1.2.3- -

1.2.4 nucleus

mesokaryotic/ dinokaryotic

-



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1.2.5 flagellum

2 longitudinal flagellumsulcus

tr ansverse flagellumcingulum



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1.3

colony

Single cell

cyst



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2.

- asymmetry- - (plate)

plate(spine)(ridge)



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organelles

2.1 pusule

2.2 ocellus

2.3 trichocyst



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3. bioluminescence

phosphorescenseNoctiluca scintillans, Gonyaulaxpolyedra, PyrocystisPyrodinium

Noctiluca scintillans



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4. Red tide

4.14.24.3

4.4



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5. (toxin)5.1 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)

Dinophysis, Prorocentrum

5.2 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP)

2Ciguatoxins, MitotoxinsGambierdiscus toxicus

Dinophysis acuta.

Gambierdiscus



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5.3 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)

mussel poisoning- Saxitoxin , Neosaxitoxin Gonyautoxins Gonyaulax 12 .

Protogonyaulax spp. , Alexandrium spp., Pyrodinium

spp., Gymnodinium catenatum



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Fish kill following a P. Piscicida

outbreak, Neuse River, NorthCarolina, USA

Pfiesteria piscicidacell from hell



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6.

Symbiodinium(invertebrate)



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Noctiluca

Blastodinium



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7.

7.1 Asexual Reproduction7.1.1

(longitudinal)

(transverse)(oblique)



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1.1

1.2



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2

3

(2546)(2542)



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7.1.2zoospore



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7.1.3aplanospore



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7.2 sexual reproduction

7.2.1 conjugation

7.2.2gamete7.2.2.1 homothallic 7.2.2.2 heterothallic

(2546)(2527)



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Life cycleDinoflagellate



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8. resting spore, cyst, hypnospore

- Gametes fertilization zygote

flagellum

Gonyaulax scrippsae



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(2542)cyst dinoflagellate

1. resting cyst/ hypnospore 2. temporary cyst- 3. vegetative cyst-parasite

4. digestion cyst -



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9. 1 class class Dinophyceae

17 orders

Order 1 Gymnodiniales

- - cingulum sulcus

- -/



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3 families

Family 1 Gymnodiniaceaegenera Gymnodinium

Gymnodiniumcyst



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Amphidinium

A. operculatum

A. sphenoides



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Gyrodinium

G. sp.

G. dominans

G. corallinum

G. uncartenum

G. imputicum

G. instritum



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Cochlodinium

C. polykrikoides

Torodinium

Katodinium



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Family 2 Warnowiaceaegenera

NematodiniumWarnowia

w. polyphemus

Erythropsidinium

Family 3 Polykrikaceae

Polykrikos



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Order 2 Suessiales

Family Symbiodiniaceae

Symbiodinium

1 genus 2 species



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Order 3 Thoracoshaerales

-

-

Gymnodinium

- 2



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1Family Thoracospaerceae

Thoracosphaera



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Order 4 Phytodiniales

-

- zoospore 2

-chloroplast- PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


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1Family Phytodiniaceae

Cystodinium



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Order 5 Dinotrichales

- 2- filamentous form

- phytoplankton Gymnodinium1

Family DinotrichaceaeDinoclonium



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Order 6 Dinamoebidales

- order 4

-



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Order 7 Noctilucales

-

- plankton

-

- - cytosome

- phagotrophicPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


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Family 1 Noctilucaceae

Noctiluca

Noctilucabloom



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Family 2 Kofoidiniaceae

Kofoidinium

Family 3 Leptodiscaceae

Cymbiodinium



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Family 1 Oodiniaceae

Dissodinium

Dissodinium pseudolunula



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Order 9 Syndiniales

-

-

(ciliated protozoa)- host

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Order 10 Peridiniales

- - plate

formular

- 8



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Family 1 Peridiniaceae

Peridinium


F il 2 C l i di ll


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Family 2 CalciodinellaceaeEnsiculifera

Family 3 CongruentidiaceaeBoreadinium

Family 4 Hetercapsaceae

1Heterocapsa

Heterocapsa cf. minima


F il 5 P d l d


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Family 5 Podolampadaceae

Podolampus

Family 6 Glenodiniaceae

Glenodinium

Family 6 GlenodiniaceaeGlenodinium


F il 7 P idi i


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Family 7 Protoperidiniaceae

Properidinium

Protoperidinium

Family 8 ThecadiniaceaeThecadinium


O d 11 Di h i l


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Order 11 Dinophysiales-

- cingulum - - plankton

- autotroph heterotroph

Family 1 Amphisoleniaceae

Amphisolenia


F il 2 Di h i


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Family 2 Dinophysiaceae

Dinophysis


F il 3 O h i


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Family 3 Oxyphysiaceae

Oxyphysis

Oxyphysis oxytoxoides


O d 12 P t l


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Order 12 Prorocentrales- phytoplankton- - - 2- 1 family

Family ProrocentraceaeProrocentrum


O d 13 Pt h di l


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Order 13 Ptychodiscales- Order

Gymnodiniales -1 family Family Ptychodiscaceae

Balechina

Order 14 Lophodiniales-

-Family Lophodiniaceae

Wolozynskia


Order 15 Brachydiniales


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Order 15 Brachydiniales-Family Brachydiniaceae

Brachydinium Order 16 Actiniscales

-silicaFamily Actiniscaceae

ActiniscusActiniscus pentasterias



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Order 17 Gonyaulacales- gonyaulacoid

- - - family

Family 1 Ceratiaceae

Ceratium


Family 2 Ceratocoryaceae Ceratocorys


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Family 2 Ceratocoryaceae Ceratocorys

Family 3 Cladopyxidaceae

Cladopyxis


Family 5 Goniodomaceae


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Family 5 Goniodomaceae

Alexandrium

-


Family 6 Gonyaulacaceae


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Family 6 Gonyaulacaceae

Gonyaulax



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Family 7 Heterodiniaceae

Heterodinium

Family 8 Ostreopsidaceae

Coolia


Family 9 Oxytoxaceae


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Family 9 Oxytoxaceae

Centrodinium

Family 11 Pyrophacaceae

Fragilidium


Family 10 Pyrocystaceae


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Family 10 PyrocystaceaePyrocystis

Pyrophacus



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Division Pyrrophyta( dinoflagellates )

2

(theca)



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/Theca

girdle sulcus

Theca ridge



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Ocellus ( eye spot)

Trichocyst

//

fin, wing, horn, spine, list



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/ (plate pattern)



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2542, Dodge 1984, van den hoek 1998

1 class 17 order

Freshwater dinoflagellates 4 order

GymnodinialesGonyaulacales

Peridiniales

Phytodiniales



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Amphidinium


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Amphidinium

Katodinium

Gymnodinium

316Moderate



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Glenodinopsis

Glenodinium



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Peridinium Peridinopsis

320 318ModerateModerate



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Ceratium furcoides

Ceratium sp.

Ceratium

Ceratium hirundinella

Ceratium furca

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Division Pyrrhophyta ไดโนแฟลกเจลเลต