Division of Juvenile Corrections COMPAS Youth SoftwareB5D9E240... · 2013. 5. 29. · •Target interventions to greatest criminogenic need areas •Target those youth with higher

State of Wisconsin

Department of CorrectionsDivision of Juvenile Corrections

COMPAS Youth SoftwareMarch 2013

When relevant information exists that would enable decision-

makers in the juvenile justice system to make better decisions

that are consistent with statutory intent and improve the lives

of children, youth, families, and our communities, including

victims, that information should be made available in a timely

and responsible manner to the decision-maker(s).

Governor’s Juvenile Justice Commission

Principles for Information-Sharing in Juvenile Justice

February 2006

Information Sharing

ReadReadReadReadReadCentral Office

NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneService Providers

FullNoneNoneNoneReadCounty Juvenile

NoneFullFullReadNoneCounty Adult

NoneReadFullFullReadDCC

NoneReadFullFullReadDAI

ReadReadReadReadFullDJC

User

County

JuvenileCounty Adult

DCCDAIDJCInteragency Access

Person/Offender

ReadReadReadReadReadCentral Office

NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneService Providers

FullNoneNoneNoneReadCounty Juvenile

NoneFullFullReadNoneCounty Adult

NoneReadFullFullReadDCC

NoneReadFullFullReadDAI

ReadReadReadReadFullDJC

User

County

JuvenileCounty Adult

DCCDAIDJCInteragency Access

Person/Offender

Information Sharing

2

Transfer Case to Case Manager

Transfer Case to Agency

938.549 Juvenile Classification System

(1) The department shall make available to all counties a juvenile classification system that includes at least one of the following:

a) A risk assessment instrument for determining the probability that a juvenile who has committed an offense will commit another offense

b) A needs assessment instrument for determining the service needs of a juvenile who has committed an offense

c) A services and placement guide for integrating the risk and needs of a juvenile who has committed an offense with other factors to determine an appropriate placement and level of services for the juvenile

(2) A county may use the juvenile classification system to do any of the following:

a) At the time of an intake inquiry, determine whether to close a case, enter into a deferred prosecution agreement or refer the case to the district attorney

b) At the time of disposition, recommend a placement and a plan of rehabilitation, treatment and care for the juvenile

c) After disposition, determine the level or intensity of supervision contacts required for a juvenile under county supervision

The RNR Principles: Recidivism Reduction

Effective treatment requires:

•Risk: Accurately identify the level of risk to maximize the investment of resources

•Need: Know the needs of individual’s and how those needs relate to recidivism

•Responsivity: Treat the youth’s criminogenic needs through appropriate, strength-based programming and supervision to reduce risk of recidivism

Requires assessment of individual youth risks, needs and strengths.

Andrews & Dowden (2006); Andrews & Bonta (2010); Lowenkamp et al (2006)

Criminogenic Needs: Definition

Attributes of offenders that are directly linked to criminal behavior. Effective correctional treatment should target criminogenic needs in the development of a comprehensive case plan. Any treatment not targeting criminogenic needs is counter-productive to efficiency and effectiveness.

Georgia Department of Corrections

Dynamic risk factors that, when present, are associated with increased levels of criminal activity. Non-criminogenic needs on the other hand are also dynamic, but changes in these need areas are unrelated to recidivism.

Andrews & Bonta, 1998

Issues directly linked to the commission of violent behavior or other criminal activity including antisocial attitudes, antisocial peer groups and a pattern of criminal thinking.

Andrews, Bonta & Wormith, 2006

Criminogenic Needs: The Top Four

Criminogenic Need Response

Anti-social cognition Reduce anti-social cognition, recognize risking thinking and feelings, adopt an alternative identity

Anti-social companions Reduce association with criminals, enhance contact with pro-social peers

Anti-social personality or temperament Build problem solving, self management, anger management, and coping skills

Family and/or marital Reduce conflict, build positive relationships and communication, enhance monitoring /supervision

Source: Ed Latessa

Criminogenic Needs: The Other Four

Criminogenic Need Response

Substance abuse Reduce usage, reduce the supports for abuse behavior, enhance alternatives to abuse

Employment Provide employment seeking and keeping skills and enhance performance rewards and satisfaction

Education/School Enhance performance rewards and satisfaction

Leisure and/or recreation Enhance involvement and satisfaction in pro-social activities

Source: Ed Latessa

Applying Assessment Results

• Intensive treatment for lower-risk youth can actually

increase recidivism

• Target interventions to greatest criminogenic need

areas

• Target those youth with higher probability of

recidivism

• Provide most intensive treatment to higher-risk youth

Impact of Treatment by Risk Level

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Low

Low/

ModerateModerate High

Impact

of

Tre

atm

ent

(“Tre

atm

ent Eff

ect

”)

Risk Level

A Balanced Approach

• Risk Management (low risk)

• Involves providing the least restrictive, most

appropriate sanctions and supervision

• Risk reduction (moderate to high risk)

• Involves determining criminogenic needs and

reducing risk factors through effective

intervention and appropriate supervision

• Risk control (extreme high risk)

• Involves techniques that control risk of

reoffending while under correctional authorityThe Carey Group

COMPAS Risk & Actuarial Science

Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematicaland statistical methods to assess risk.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment

What Is Risk Assessment?

The process of evaluating and managing likelihood of future offending.

Desmarais (2013)

In order to manage the probability of future offending there must be an assessment to identify individual strengths and criminogenic needs.

Assessment is based on risk and need principles

• Risk is based on likelihood of re-offense

• Actuarial tools get better results

• Best if validated on own population

• Most tools do not distinguish on level of offense

• Some tools target kind of offense

What Do Risk Assessments Accomplish?

• Estimate the likelihood that continued delinquent behavior will occur for a youth if nothing is done to intervene

• Guide intervention planning by indicating what areas may be the best targets for intervention in order to reduce the likelihood of reoffending

• Provide a standardized method of data collection that can provide the prevalence of some problem areas of the youth so resources can be planned accordingly.

Source: Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice: A Guidebook for Implementation

What Do Risk Assessments Not Accomplish?

• Does not tell the rater exactly what course of action should be taken

• Does not assess the risk of sexual reoffending

• Is not a mental health assessment

• Do not assess well-being needs such as special education or depression

• Do not prescribe legal decisions

• Do not determine likelihood of failure to appear


What Do Risk Assessments Not Accomplish?

• Accurate and reliable assessments do not reduce recidivism

• Must be accompanied by a comprehensive case plan

• Commensurate with youth’s level of risk

• Addresses identified areas of risk and need

• Builds on youth’s strengths

• Delivered in a way that is appropriate

• Evaluated and amended over time

• Must be communicated to others

Use of Risk Assessment at Decision Points

• Diversion Decisions

• Pre-Trial Detention

• Post-Adjudication/Pre-Disposition

• Corrections Post-Disposition

Use of risk assessments are not appropriate for adjudication decisions. Court must decide whether the youth violated the law and thereby committed a delinquent act. This decision should be based only on the evidence and facts of the case, not any likelihood of engaging in future delinquency.


Logical COMPAS Decision PointsCh. 938 FLOWCHART

40 Days 40 Days 40 Days 938.24(5) 938.24 938.24(5) 24 Hours from end of day of hold decision excluding Sat, Sun,

Holidays 938.21(1)(a) Canceled 10 Days

938.245(7)

20 Days 20 Days 20 Days 20 Days

938.25(2) 938.25(2) 938.25(2) 938.24(5)

Secure Custody Non-Secure Custody 30 Days

10 Days 938.30(1) 30 Days 938.30(1) 938.30(1)

Before Plea Hearing

Before Adjudication

Secure Custody Child Not in Secure Custody 20 Days 30 Days

938.30(7) 938.30(7)

Secure Custody Child Not in Secure Custody 10 Days 30 Days

938.31(7) 938.31(7)

One Year

938.355(4)(a)

Disposition of Juveniles in Need of Protection & Services 938.345

Disposition of Juvenile Delinquents 938.34

Delays, Continuances, and Extensions 938.315

DOC/DJC/mb January 2009

Temporary

Custody By

Intake Worker

938.205-938.209

Referral

Information to

Intake Worker

938.24(1)

Custody

Hearing

938.21

Referral to

Prosecutor

938.24(3)

Deferred

Prosecution

Agreement

938.24(4)

Close Case

938.24(4)

Close Case

Prosecutor

Files

Petition

One Year

938.245(2)

Plea Hearing

938.30

Waiver Petition

938.18(2)

1 Year

Consent

Decree

938.32

Extension up

to 6 Months

Fact-

Finding

Hearing

938.31

Disposition Hearing

938.335

Secure/Type 2 Facility

2 Years

(Or Until 18)

938.355(4)(b)

Serious Juvenile

Offender

5 Years

(Or Until 25)

938.355(4)(b)

Change of Placement 938.357

Revisions 938.363

Extension Hearing 938.365

Permanency Hearing 938.38

What is COMPAS?

CORRECTIONAL OFFENDER

MANAGEMENT & PROFILING

FOR ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS

Risk assessment•General risk•Violent risk•Pre-trial risk

Needs assessment

Case planning

Case management

Web-based

Supported by research

The COMPAS assessments are validated fourth-generation risk and needs assessment instruments. COMPAS is a computerized tool designed to assess offenders’ needs and risk of recidivism used to inform decisions regarding the placement, supervision and case management of offenders. Developed and focused on predictors known to affect recidivism, this tool includes dynamic risk factors in its prediction of recidivism and provides information on a variety of well-validated risks and need factors designed to aid in correctional treatment to decrease the likelihood that offenders will re-offend.

What is COMPAS?

CORRECTIONAL OFFENDER

MANAGEMENT & PROFILING

FOR ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS

Risk assessment•General risk•Violent risk•Pre-trial risk

Needs assessment

Case planning

Case management

Web-based

Supported by research

The COMPAS assessments are validated fourth-generation risk and needs assessment instruments. COMPAS is a computerized tool designed to assess offenders’ needs and risk of recidivism used to inform decisions regarding the placement, supervision and case management of offenders. Developed and focused on predictors known to affect recidivism, this tool includes dynamic risk factors in its prediction of recidivism and provides information on a variety of well-validated risks and need factors designed to aid in correctional treatment to decrease the likelihood that offenders will re-offend.

The Evolution of Risk Assessment:

• First Generation – Unstructured professional judgment

• Second Generation – Focus on static factors

• Third Generation – Consideration of dynamic factors and criminogenic needs

• Fourth Generation – Integration of case planning & intervention

Monahan (1981); Bonta et al (2006)

What is COMPAS?

Youth Assessment Tools

Assessment Detail

Area Youth Primary Needs Risk

Unusual Behavior & Peers 28 18 0

Personality/Attitudes 37 6 0

Substance Abuse/Sexual Behavior 31 31 0

School & Education 19 4 5

Family & Socialization 6 6 5

Primary Socializing Family 47 15 0

Recent Family Living Situation 40 0 0

Total 208* 80* 10*

* Plus questions surrounding current offense and criminal history

Youth Assessment

Youth Assessments – Criminogenic Needs Scored

Unusual Behavior & Peers•Antisocial Peers

•Antisocial Opportunity

•Few Prosocial Activities

•Social Isolation

•Negative Social Cognitions

Personality/Attitudes•Impulsivity

•Low Empathy

•Lack of Remorse

•Manipulative

•Aggression

•Violence Tolerance

Substance Abuse/Sexual Behavior•Common Drugs

•Hard Drugs

•Drugs & Delinquency

•Sexual Activity

Family & Socialization•Family Discontinuity

School & Education•Academic Problems

•Low Educational Goals

•Attention Problems

•School Behavior Problems

Primary Socializing Family•Low Socio/Economic Status

•Family Crime/Drugs

•Weak Emotional Bonds to Family

•Inconsistent Discipline

•Inadequate Supervision

•Parental Neglect

•Physical Abuse

•Sexual Abuse

•Parental Conflict

Recent Family Living Situation•Unsafe Neighborhood

•Low Family Emotional Support

•Youth Rebellion

Assessment Results

Assessment Results

Youth

Primary Needs

Assessment Results

For Each Need

•Score

•Statement

•Comments

Assessment Report – Primary Needs

Assessment Results to Case Plan - Risk

Case PlanCase Plan Goals, Tasks and Activities Common Drugs: High Goal: Learn to manage your thoughts and feelings so you can handle risky situations. Task: Participate in and successfully complete Juvenile Cognitive Intervention Program Start Date: 11/5/2012 End Date: PO Responsibility: Referral Date: 11/1/2012 Hours Per Day: 2 Total Days: 15 Completion Code: Service Provider: DJC LHS Institution Juvenile Cognitive Interventions Program Phase I and 2 (JCIP)

W4380 Copper Lake AveIrma, Wisconsin

Task Notes: * Phil Collins on 11/2/2012

Johnny to complete JCIP 1 prior to admission to JCIP 2

Task: Participate in individual counseling with clinical services or other professionals Start Date: End Date: PO Responsibility: Referral Date: 11/1/2012 Hours Per Day: Total Days: Completion Code: Performance Measures: Attend and participate in all scheduled sessions

Task Notes: * Phil Collins on 11/2/2012

Psychology department will assign staff and schedule sessions

Case Plan

COMPAS Notes

Event Tracking

Alternate Screening Tools

•Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol II

•Child & Adolescent Needs & Strengths 5 – 17

•Release to Aftercare

•Trauma Informed Care

•Youth Detention Screening

Detention Screening Tool

Assesses:

•Mandatory Hold factors

•Repeat Delinquency

•Risk of Self Harm

•Public Safety Risk

•Family or Community Resources

•Available Adult Supervision

•25 Yes/No Questions

Detention Screening Tool

Placement Levels:•Level 1 – Secure Detention

• Physically Secure/Locked Facility

•Level 2 – Staff Secure

• Group Home with continuous staff supervision

• May or may not be locked

•Level 3 – Residential/Shelter

• Placement in Shelter, Foster Care, Group Home or Non-secure Facility

•Level 4 – Home Detention/Services

• Released with increased supervision and/or services

•Level 5 - Release

Case Manager Supervision Functions

• Supervision Contacts

• Drug Tests

• Program Eligibility

• Program Monitoring

• Supervision Conditions

• Restitution

• Behaviors & Rewards

• Work & Education

• Substance Use

• Violation Matrix

– Violation Type

– Conditions Violated

– New Offense

– Recommended

Response Levels

– Court Action

• Supervision Review– Periodic Review of Risk

Level

Case Manager Planned Enhancements

• Education Plan– Track educations needs and goals separately

– Allows for sharing with non-criminal justice entities

• Workload Driver– Monitor caseloads by youth and supervision levels

– Monitor individual and composite case statuses

– Display case manager, supervisor and executive dashboards

– Display frequency of criminogenic needs

• Create Standard Forms

COMPAS Workload Driver - Agent

COMPAS Workload Driver - Supervisor

COMPAS Workload Driver - Administrator

COMPAS Forms Builder

COMPAS Reports-Criminogenic Need

Youth Primary Needs Assessment

Behavior and Peers Antisocial Peers

Antisocial Opportunity

Few Prosocial Activities

Attitudes Lack of Remorse

Sexual Behavior

Substance Abuse Common Drugs

Hard Drugs

Drugs and Delinquency

Education Low Educational Goals

Family and Socialization Family Discontinuity

Family Crime and Drugs

COMPAS Reports-Average Age of 1st Use

Alcohol

Tobacco

Drugs Marijuana

Cocaine

Heroin

Injected Drugs

Sniffing Glue

Other Drugs

Case Manager

Case Eligibility

Drug Testing

Program Eligibility & Information

Supervision Conditions

Supervision Contacts

Supervision Violations & Responses

Behaviors & Rewards

Supervision Summary

• Summary Includes:

– Original Supervision Level & History

– Required Contacts

– Supervision Officers

– Additional Supervision

– Violations

• Conditions

• New Offenses

• Responses

Supervision Summary

Accounting

Employment & Education

Substance Use Information

COMPAS Customization

Dropdown lists can be customized for county juvenile agencies

Assessment SupervisionReason for Assessment TypeReason for Referral StatusReferral Source LevelLegal Status Conditions

Case Plan Override ReasonsService Providers Contact TypeAssessed Needs Contact FrequencyGoals StatusTasks Drug TestsProgram Eligibility Test TypeBehaviors FrequencyRewards SubstancesPrograms


Dropdown lists can be customized for county juvenile agencies


Service Providers and Goals can be added

COMPAS Choose What to Use

• Assessments– Youth

– Primary Needs

– Risk

• Case Plan

• Alternate Screening Tools– Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol II

– Youth Detention Screener

• Notes

• Case Manager– Contact Log

– Financial/Restitution

– Program Monitoring

COMPAS Choose What to Use

COMPAS Primary Identifier

State Identification Number (SID) – A unique identification number assigned by the Wisconsin Department of Justice after submission of an individual’s fingerprints.

165.84 (1) Wis. Stats. requires law enforcement to submit fingerprints for all persons taken into custody for offenses in

165.83(2) or other offenses at their discretion.

165.83(2)(a) Wis. Stats. requires fingerprints be obtained for any person arrested or taken into custody for an offense that is a felony or would be a felony if committed by an adult, an offense that is a misdemeanor or would be a misdemeanor if committed by an adult or a violation of an ordinance.

COMPAS County Juvenile Identifier

J40130001

Juvenile CCAP County Year County AssignedIdentifier Code Created Sequence Number

County Partnership Process

• County application

• MOU Review / sign-off

• Training

• Completion of:– DOC-1452A (External User Logon Request)

– DOC-2605 (COMPAS User Agreement)

– DOC-1558A (Acknowledgment of Executive Directive 50 –Use of DOC Information Technology Resources)

• Approval of county business process

• GO LIVE

COMPAS Training Options

• Northpointe trains county users– Northpointe will customize for county business process

• Northpointe trains county trainers– Contracts with Northpointe to provide Train the Trainer

sessions

– Allows for fully-customizable training

• County staff attends DJC COMPAS training– DJC business process used for training

– Two days

– Estimated $140 per seat

Common COMPAS Questions

• Is COMPAS valid?Yes, studies indicate COMPAS risk scales accurately predict community recidivism outcomes between 1 and 2 years from assessment. (California Administrative Office of the Courts Briefing – Juvenile Risk and Needs Screenings and Assessments, December 2011: “Validity and reliability have been established for the youth COMPAS module”.)

• How well does COMPAS predict violence?COMPAS meets or exceeds results from other assessment tools.

• Does COMPAS work well with all populations?COMPAS works well between genders and ethnicities. As with any assessment tool there are some limitations regarding appropriateness for mentally ill offenders.

• Has COMPAS been independently evaluated?Peer-reviewed and published on several occasions including:

Criminal Justice and Behavior January 2009

Journal of Quantitative Criminology June 2008


• Has COMPAS been „Normed‟?Yes, the COMPAS assessments have been normed using community corrections, institution populations, youth and composite groups. COMPAS is normed to male and female populations as well. DOC plans on working with Northpointe to norm the tool for Wisconsin. (Wisconsin Department of Corrections Reentry Business Plan, October 2012 – Norm assessment instruments on WIDOC population.)

• Should COMPAS be validated for Wisconsin?Northpointe has conducted numerous local validation studies around the country and found no “statistically significant” deviations from the national norm studies.

• How long does the assessment take?The 208 question Youth assessment is currently taking an average of 45 minutes at Lincoln Hills/Copper Lake.


• Can COMPAS help make treatment assignments?COMPAS is designed to support treatment, programming and case management decisions. The assessment results auto-populate a case plan template to facilitate treatment and programming decisions.

• What are the limitation of COMPAS?There are numerous interpersonal nuances that COMPAS cannot pick up on; demeanor, eye contact, body language, etc. COMPAS is a broad-band assessment covering 32 risk and need domains and is not intended to serve as a narrow-band assessment for substance abuse, mental illness or sex offenders.

• Can responses from the youth be relied on?COMPAS will produce alerts when responses appear to be inconsistent, random, false or defensive. Those answers in questions can then be displayed to the interviewer and readdressed.

Thank you.

For more information, please contact…

Phil Collins3099 East Washington Avenue

P.O. Box 8930

Madison, WI 53708-8930

(608) 240-5926

[email protected]

Documents

Division of Juvenile Corrections COMPAS Youth SoftwareB5D9E240... · 2013. 5. 29. · •Target interventions to greatest criminogenic need areas •Target those youth with higher