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DiversityDiversity
Three Domains of Living ThingsThree Domains of Living Things
The Tree of LifeThe Tree of Life
The Three The Three DomainsDomains of Life Represent the Earliest of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary HistoryBranches in Evolutionary History
ArchaeaArchaeaBacteriaBacteria
Protists: AlgaeProtists: AlgaePhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic
Using ChloroplastsUsing Chloroplasts
Single-celled Single-celled AlgaeAlgae
Euglenoids have Euglenoids have a single flagelluma single flagellum
Dinoflagellates move Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. with two whiplike flagella.
Diatoms have silica shells.Diatoms have silica shells.
Protists: AlgaeProtists: AlgaePhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic
Using ChloroplastsUsing Chloroplasts
Multicellular Multicellular AlgaeAlgae
Fungus-Like Fungus-Like ProtistsProtists
Heterotrophic by Heterotrophic by AbsorptionAbsorption
Water mold Water mold Slime moldSlime mold
Animal-Like Animal-Like Protists: ProtozoaProtists: Protozoa
•HeterotrophicHeterotrophic by Ingestion by Ingestion•Distinguished byDistinguished by Locomotion Locomotion
Sporozoans have noSporozoans have nomeans of locomotionmeans of locomotion
Sarcodines moveSarcodines movewith pseudopodiawith pseudopodia
Animal-Like Animal-Like Protists: ProtozoaProtists: Protozoa
•HeterotrophicHeterotrophic by Ingestion by Ingestion•Distinguished byDistinguished by Locomotion Locomotion
Zooflagellates use Zooflagellates use flagella for movement.flagella for movement.
Ciliates use ciliaCiliates use ciliafor movement. for movement.
Zygote FungiZygote Fungi• Live in soil and on decaying plant matterLive in soil and on decaying plant matter
• Zygoporangia = reproductive structuresZygoporangia = reproductive structures producing spores producing spores
Sac FungiSac Fungi• Ascus = sac that surrounds sporesAscus = sac that surrounds spores
Club FungiClub Fungi• Basidium = club-shaped reproductive Basidium = club-shaped reproductive
structure that produces sporesstructure that produces spores
Imperfect FungiImperfect Fungi• Sexual reproduction has not been Sexual reproduction has not been
observedobserved
Evolutionary Evolutionary TreeTree
of Major of Major Plant Plant
GroupsGroups
Ancestral AlgaeAncestral AlgaeAncestral AlgaeAncestral Algae
Liver-Liver-wortsworts MossesMosses
BryophytesBryophytes
True vascular tissueTrue vascular tissue& lignin appear& lignin appear
FernsFerns Gymno-Gymno-spermssperms
Seeds andSeeds andpollen appearpollen appear
Flowers &Flowers &Fruits appearFruits appear
Seed PlantsSeed Plants
Angio-Angio-spermssperms
TracheophytesTracheophytes
Shows Shows increasing increasing
adaptations adaptations for land for land dwellingdwelling
BryophytaBryophyta PterophytaPterophyta Conifero-Conifero-phytaphyta
AnthophytaAnthophyta
MossesMosses
FernsFerns
GymnospermsGymnospermsSeed Plants without FlowersSeed Plants without Flowers
AngiospermsAngiospermsFlowering PlantsFlowering Plants
Categories of AngiospermsCategories of Angiosperms
Evolutionary Developments Leading to Present-Day Animal
Phyla
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
Protist Protist AncestorAncestor
P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges
P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals
tissues
Phylum PoriferaPhylum PoriferaSpongesSponges
Phylum CnidariaPhylum CnidariaCoral,Coral, Hydra, Anemones Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfishand Jellyfish
Body SymmetryBody Symmetry
Body PlansBody Plans
DiploblasticDiploblastic TriploblasticTriploblastic
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
P. PlatyhelminthesP. PlatyhelminthesflatwormsflatwormsProtist Protist
AncestorAncestorP. PoripheraP. Poriphera
spongessponges
P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals
tissues
triploblastic
bilateral symmetry
cephalization
Body Plan DevelopmentsBody Plan Developments
CephalizationCephalization SegmentationSegmentation
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum PlatyhelminthesTapeworms, Flukes , FlatwormsTapeworms, Flukes , Flatworms
Phylum NematodaPhylum NematodaRoundwormsRoundworms
Phylum AnnelidaPhylum AnnelidaSegmented WormsSegmented Worms
Body CavitiesBody Cavities
Coelom: body cavity lined on all sidesCoelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells by a layer of mesodermal cells
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented
wormsworms
P. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms
P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam
Protist Protist AncestorAncestor
P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges
P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals
P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms
tissues
triploblastic
bilateral symmetry
cephalization
cuticle
segmentation
Coelom?
Phylum MolluscaPhylum MolluscaClams, Chitons, Snails, SquidClams, Chitons, Snails, Squid
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
P. ArthopodaP. Arthopodainsectsinsects
chitin
jointed appendages
P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms
tissuesP. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms
Protist Protist AncestorAncestor
P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges
P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals
P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented
wormsworms
P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam
triploblastic
bilateral symmetry
cephalization
cuticle
segmentation
Coelom?
Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropodainsects, crabs, spidersinsects, crabs, spiders
Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermatasea stars, sand dollars,sea stars, sand dollars,
sea urchinssea urchins
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
P. EchinidermataP. Echinidermatasea starssea stars
P. ChordataP. Chordata
deuterostome developmental pattern
Protist Protist AncestorAncestor
P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges
P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals
P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms
P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented
wormsworms
P. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms
P. ArthopodaP. Arthopodainsectsinsects
P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam
tissues
triploblastic
bilateral symmetry
cephalization
cuticle
segmentation
chitin
jointed appendages
Coelom?
Comparison of Protostomes to DeuterostomesComparison of Protostomes to Deuterostomes
cleavage = cell divisions following fertilizationcleavage = cell divisions following fertilizationblastopore = first opening in embryoblastopore = first opening in embryo
Mouth forms from first opening
Mouth forms from second
opening
Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups
P. EchinidermataP. Echinidermatasea starssea stars
P. ChordataP. Chordata
Sub P. UrochordataSub P. Urochordata
Sub P. Cephalochodata Sub P. Cephalochodata
Sub P. Vertebrata Sub P. Vertebrata
FishesFishes(5-7 classes) (5-7 classes)
C. Amphibia C. Amphibia frogfrog
C. MammaliaC. Mammaliawhale, mouse whale, mouse
C. “Reptilia”C. “Reptilia”lizards lizards
C. AvesC. Avesbirds birds
Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata
SubphylumSubphylum Urochordata Urochordata
tunicates, sea squirtstunicates, sea squirts
SubphylumSubphylum Cephalochordata Cephalochordata
lanceletslancelets
Class AgnathaClass Agnathajawless fishesjawless fishes
Class ChondrichhthyesClass Chondrichhthyes cartilaginous fishcartilaginous fish
Class OsteichthyesClass Osteichthyesbony fishbony fish
Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
5-7 classes of fish, including5-7 classes of fish, including
Class AmphibiaClass Amphibiafrogs, toads, salamandersfrogs, toads, salamanders
Class AvesClass Avesbirdsbirds
Class Reptilia Class Reptilia lizards, snakes, lizards, snakes,
turtles, alligatorsturtles, alligators
Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia:Class Mammalia:monotremes, marsupials, placentals monotremes, marsupials, placentals
Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata