Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
DISTURBANCES OF
GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
Dr Sameh S. Abou-Beih
Lecturer of Pathology
Fayoum University
Congenital Anomalies
• Agenesis
• Hypoplasia
• Aplasia
• Atresia
• Ectopia
Acquired disorders
• Tissue mass:– Atrophy
– Hypertrophy
– Hyperplasia
• Cell Maturation– Metaplasia
– Dysplasia
– Regenerative atypia
– Carcinoma In situ (CIS)
– Neoplasia
– Hamartoma
Adult naevi
Congenital naevi
Intradermal naevus
Intradermal Nevus
Nevus cells
Melanin pigments
BENIGN TUMOURS
CHARACTERS OF BENIGN TUMOURS
I- Structure
Gross Picture: spherical or ovoid in shape, mostly capsulated with no haemorrhage or necrosis
Microscopic Picture: differentiated
II- Behavior
• Rate of growth: slow
• Mode of growth: by expansion
• Localized
• Effect on the host
CLASSIFICATION OF BENIGN TUMOURS
I- Benign Tumors of
Epithelial Origin
II- Benign Tumors of
Mesenchymal Origin
BENIGN TUMOURS OF EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
Papillomas: Squamous cell papilloma
Transitional cell papilloma
Columnar cell papilloma
Adenomas: Simple adenoma
Fibroadenoma
Cystadenoma
Papillary cystadenoma
Squamous cell papilomas
Squamous cell papilloma of vocal cord
Mucous cell papilloma
Pedunculated adenomatous polyp
Sessile adenomatous polyp
Simple adenoma ( suprarenal adenoma)
Fibroadenoma ( breast)
Cystadenoma
Papillary serous cystadenoma
Squamous cell papilloma
Squamous cell papilloma
Squamous cell papilloma
Adenoma
Adenoma intestine (adenomatous polyp)
BENIGN TUMOURSOF
MESENCHYMAL ORIGIN
BENIGN TUMOURS OF MESENCHYMAL ORIGIN
Connective tissue tumors
• Fibroma
• Lipoma
• Chondroma
• Osteoma
• Myxoma
Lipoma (clinically)
Lipoma (clinically)
Lipoma
Chondroma (x ray)
Chondroma
Osteoma (x ray)
Osteoma
Osteoma
Lipoma
Lipoma
Lipoma (mature fat cells)
Chondroma
Chondroma
Myxoma
Cardiac Myxoma
Neurofibroma
Neurofibroma
BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
Tumors of muscles
• Leiomyoma
• Rhabdomyoma
Uterine Leiomyomata
Uterine Leiomyomata
Rhabdomyoma of the heart
Leiomyoma
Leiomyoma
Smooth muscles in leiomyoma
BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
Benign Tumors of Blood Vessels
• Haemangioma Capillary haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
• Lymphangioma
Capillary haemangioma
Capillary haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
Lymphangioma
Lymphangioma
Lymphangioma
Capillary haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
Lymphangioma
Lymphangioma
Lymphangioma
MALIGNANT
TUMOURS
CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURS
I- Structure
Gross Picture
Not capsulated with areas of necrosis and
haemorhage
– In solid organs: fixed irregular mass with ill
defined borders
– In body surfaces: Polypoid (fungating),
infiltrating or ulcerative
CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURSMicroscopic Picture
- Loss of differentiation (anaplasia)
- Change in cellular morphology
Cellular polymorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, many mitoses &
tumour giant cells
- Change in cellular pattern
(Loss of polarity)
CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURSII- Behavior
• Rate of growth
• Mode of growth
• Localizatin
• Spread:
Direct, lymphatic spread, blood spread,
transcoelomic spread & implantation
• Effect on the host
• Recurrence
MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF
EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
CARCINOMASDefinition:
Malignant tumors of epithelial tissues
General Characters
Incidence
Age
Rate of growth
Mode of growth
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Spread
TYPES OF CARCINOMAS
I- Carcinomas of Surface Epithelium:
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Transitional Cell Carcinoma
II- Glandular Carcinomas
• Adenocarcinoma
• Mucoid carcinoma
• Carcinoma simplex (undifferentiated)
Ulcerative carcinoma of the skin
Ulcerative carcinoma of intestine
Carcinoma in solid organ (breast carcinoma)
Carcinoma in solid organ (breast carcinoma)
Infiltrating carcinoma
Infiltrating carcinoma
Fungating carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma with microscopic malignant criteria
Cytological criteria of malignacy
Cytological criteria of malignacy ( abnormal mitosis)
Squamous cell
carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell
carcinoma
Cell nest
Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
Adenocarcinoma of colon
Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
Melanoma
Melanoma
Nodular melanoma
Nodular malignant melanoma
MALIGNANT MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
SARCOMAS
• Definition
Malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin
• General characters
• Incidence
• Age
• Rate of growth
• Mode of growth
• Gross picture
• Microscopic picture
• Spread
Sarcoma of soft tissue
TYPES OF SARCOMAS
I- Differentiated sarcomasFibrosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Liposarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Myxosarcoma
Angiosarcoma
II- Undifferentiated
sarcomas
Spindle cell sarcoma
Giant cell sarcoma
Round cell sarcoma
Mixed cell sarcoma
Liposarcoma
Liposarcoma
Giant cell
tumour
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma with frequent mitoses
Fibrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteiod tissue
Oseous tissue
Locally Malignant Tumours
• Slower rate of growth than invasive malignant
tumors.
• Local invasion without distant spread (no
metastases)
• Proliferating tumor cells usually show low
grade atypia
• Examples: – Basal cell carcinoma.
– Carcinoid tumor.
– Giant cell tumor of bone.
– Adamantinoma.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Giant cell tumour
Giant cell tumour
Giant cell tumour
DISTANT SPREAD OF
MALIGNANT
TUMOURS
Liver metastasis
Liver metastasis
Lung metastasis
Lung metastasis
Peritoneal metastasis
Vertebral
metastasis
Metastatic carcinoma in lymph node
Metastatic carcinoma, in lymph node
Metastatic carcinoma in lymph node
Tumour
masses
Lymphoid
tissue
Thank You