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Dissolved Oxygen Study Manual
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Safety Precautions 7
Analytical Techniques 8
Procedure 9
Data Sheet 15
Volunteer Schedule 17
Appendix A: Maps A-1
Appendix B: Fact Sheet B-1
1
Welcome Citizen Scientist Volunteers to the 2011
Harpeth River Dissolved Oxygen Study.
Forward
Your participation in this project is vital; without your help there is no way we could collect
data from over 90 miles of the Harpeth River. The data that we collect tell a very compelling story
of the health of the river as well as what and where impact sources happen along the river. Various
agencies and enterprises, from agriculture to municipal waste, point the finger at other players as
the cause of impairments in the Harpeth River, but our dissolved oxygen (DO) study illustrates that
all the players contribute in some way. This study helps us make the case that they all must be part
of the solution. The data that we collect and present will be viewed by USEPA, Tennessee
Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), USDA and Tennessee Department of
Agriculture (TDA), The City of Franklin and their Integrated Water Resources Plan (IWRP), which is
still developing, along with other county and municipal governments, especially those with
stormwater regulatory obligations.
Overview
This year we will take data at 14 sites from Eagleville in the headwaters to the Harris-Street
Bridge just 22.8 miles from the Cumberland River. The data will be diurnal in nature, meaning
around the clock, and we will collect data in approximately the same timeframe all along the river.
Thus, we are comparing apples to apples in terms of external conditions like weather. The diurnal
data give us the variation in DO from daylight, when plants and algae are converting dissolved CO2
into O2 through photosynthesis, and nighttime, when plants, algae, bacteria and aquatic animals are
converting O2 into CO2 through respiration. The magnitude of the swings (i.e. the difference
between the highs and the lows), as well as the actual low values recorded, tell us volumes about
what is occurring in the water and give us strong clues as to the types and sources of impacts for
any given location. Taken together these data give us a very good picture of what is going on along
the length of the river. They help everyone involved understand where and why these impacts
need to be addressed in addition to helping with the planning and installation of Best Management
Practices (BMPs).
3
The approach we are taking is to build teams for each site, or groups of sites, so that all time slots
get covered without undue hardship on anyone. It is extremely important that we get all the data; if
any site has anomalies or weather changes greatly (i.e. lots of rain) we can see what happens in
adjoining sites. All teams should start collecting data four times in a twenty-four hour period
sometime between Friday afternoon, September 9th, and Sunday morning, September 11th, so all
data are complete no later than 6 am Monday morning, September 12th. The time slot with which
you begin is not crucial, but it is essential that once you begin all four sample data are
collected for that twenty-four hours. The next collection period will begin Tuesday morning,
September 13th, and all data needs to be in by Thursday morning, September 15th. The final
collection period will begin Friday afternoon, September 16th with all data collected by Monday
morning, September 19th.
Procedures
All teams will be issued one or more LaMotte Dissolved Oxygen Kits (code 5860) for the
duration of the study. Each time the team members go to collect data, the following procedure
needs to be run three times, and the results recorded for each. Temperature, pH, and other
parameters need only be recorded once for each visit to the river. The water sample bottle must be
rinsed three times with the river water that you are about to test before collecting the sample and
should be rinsed at least once at the completion of the three samples. Likewise, the reaction tube
should be rinsed three times with a small amount of the reacted (yellow) sample before filling for
the titration phase of this test.
The collection of data will begin by filling a water sampling bottle with water from the river
and capping underwater to ensure no air bubbles. Then, begin adding reagents (see procedures).
Set the bottle on a flat surface and uncap. Quickly add five drops each of Alkaline Potassium Iodide
Azide and Manganous Sulfate (in either order). Recap the bottle, being careful to not get any air
bubbles in it. Invert the bottle several times and let sit for a minute (you will notice a cloudy
whitish reaction). Next, open the bottle and add 5 drops of 1:1 Sulfuric Acid (while this is diluted,
care should still be taken, rinse with water immediately if any gets on you). Recap, once again being
careful to not introduce air bubbles, and invert several times. This reaction will turn the sample
yellow with red precipitate. At this time, the O2 is fixed, and oxygen in the atmosphere will no
longer affect the measurement.
4
Once the precipitate has mostly settled, the reaction tube should be rinsed 3 times with the
sample and then filled to the 20 ml line (with the bottom of the meniscus at the line). At this point it
is OK to add 5 drops of the Starch Indicator, turning the yellow sample indigo. Cap and invert a few
times (make sure your finger is over the hole in the cap). If you look closely at the plunger in the
syringe included with the kit, you will see that it has a seal near the “needle” end, and that when
completely compressed, the lower part of the seal (away from the “needle”) is on 10. This is from
where we measure. Fill the syringe with Sodium Thiosulfate 0.025 N to the 0 line, taking care that
no air is entrained in the syringe. Insert the “needle” into the hole in the cap of the reaction tube,
and add a small amount of Thiosulfate until the sample begins to lighten, shaking between
additions. At this point, add very small amounts (one drop or less) each time and shake. When the
sample turns completely clear and remains that way for several seconds, read the syringe and
record. This must be repeated twice more, so there are three results to report for each trip (event)
to the river.
Other data that are collected and recorded for each event are air temperature and water
temperature (o C), pH (using color comparison chart), date, time (24 hour, example-1200 for noon,
1800 for 6 pm) upon completion of the event, and any weather observations (like light rain,
overcast, sunny, etc.). Once an event is completed and the data recorded on the data sheet included
in this manual, please go to www.harpethriver.org/volunteer/2011_DO_data and post the results
so they can be compiled electronically as we go. Once all data are collected, we will need the hard
copy of the data sheets returned for future reference and possible auditing of our data for
validation purposes.
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9
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13
Dissolved Oxygen Field data Sheet
Site #
LAT LON Decimal Lat Decimal Lon
0.0000 0.0000
Event # date time temp pH result
1 result
2 result
3 result avg Weather Data collected by:
EXAMPLE 9/5/08 6:30 24.5 7 5.3 5.1 6 5.47 light rain
6am
Noon
6pm
Midnight
15
Event # date time temp pH result
1 result
2 result
3 result avg Weather Data collected by:
6am
Noon
6pm
Midnight
6am
Noon
6pm
Midnight
DO Procedure: 1. Collect sample from mid-stream if possible and at mid depth 2. Fill DO bottle completely and cap under water, making sure there are no air bubbles 3. Add 8 drops Alkiline potassium iodide azide-iodide 4. Add 8 drops Manganous sulfate, shake and let settle 5. Add 8 drops sulfuric acid, shake and let settle 6. Pour 20 ml into titrator tube 7. Add 8 drops Starch Indicator (dark blue color) 8. Fill titrator syringe to mark with Thiosufate, begin adding to titrator tube until clear 9. Read titrator syringe and record (note: if the solution does not become clear refill syringe and add 10 ml to results)
16
2011 Harpeth River Dissolved Oxygen Study Site Volunteer Schedule
Location: ________________________________________________________________
Day 1
Volunteer name Date Time
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Event 4
Day 2
Volunteer name Date Time
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Event 4
Day 3
Volunteer name Date Time
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Event 4
17
Appendices
Appendix A: Maps
Appendix B: Dissolved Oxygen Fact Sheet
A-1
Appendix A
A-2
B-1
Appendix B
B-2
B-3