DISPENSING PETROL

Jamie & Irene Thompson 70 Wanglord Road Raydon, Southwold

Suflolk tP18 6N)( To1 01502 722999

Assessing and controlling the risk of fire and explosion at sites where petrol is

stored and dispensed as a fuel

HSE BOOKS

Crown copyright 1996

Applications for reproduction

should be made to HMSO

First published 1996

ISBN 0 7176 1048 9

ii ...................... ... ....... .................................. .. ... .................. .

All rights reserved. Apart from

pages 17 to 34 inclu ive which may

be freely reproduced except for

advertising, endorsement or ale

purpo e , no other part of thi

publication may be r produced,

tored in a retTieval y tern, or

tran mitted in any form or by

mean el ctronic mechanical

photocopying, recording, or

otherwi e, without th prior writt n

p rmi ion of the copyright owner.

........ .. ... .. ......... ............ .. .. ...... ................................... ... ..... iii ........... ... ............. ........ ................ ................ .. .. .. ............ ... .

ApPE OI X I ....... .. .

ApPE OI X 2 ..........

AppE OIX 3 .. .. .... ..

ApPENOIX 4 .... .. ....

ApPENOIX 5 ..........

ApPENOIX 6 ..........

ApPE OIX 7 ...... ....

v

CONTENTS

PREFA page ix

I TROD T IO page 1

T H E IIAZA RO rROM PETROL page 3

G IpLE or RI K page 5

ME T rOR TH E TOR E

o 0 1 pE I C OF I' ' T ROL

FI E T El' ron page 8

o 10E 1'1 rY I C

E E TIAL MEA RE TO

o TROL T il ' IIAZA nO

Y TEM or wOnK.

TRAI INC.

AM PLE .

RELEVA T LECI LATIO .

OTH ER OUR E OF ADV I E

A 0 FURTH ER REA OII C .

GLO SARY OF TERM •

ACK OWLEOCEME TS.

page 37

page 39

page 41

page 52

page 54

page 55

page 58

INTRODUCTION

This publication provides guidance on:

• assess ing the ri sks, and

• identifying the necessary control measures

for the safe operation of sites where petrol is stored and di spensed for u e a fu el

for motor vehicle and similar machinery. It sets out the teps to be take n to

control the ri sk of fire and explosion. The guidance is a imed at tho e re pons ible

for uch sites and loca l authori ty Petrol eum Officers.

2 The guidance applies to petrol f illing-stations, farms, commercia l good vehicle

depots, private bu ine e, marina, state ly homes and other premi e where

petro l is kept a a fuel. It applies to new and ex isting ite . The gui da nce may a l 0

be re leva nt to di ese l fu e l where it is stored w ith petro l.

3 It is a lega l requirement under hea lth and afety law that those respon ibl e for

such sites ensure that ri sks are adequately identif ied, as e ed and contro ll ed.

When asses ing ri k, common sen e is often a ll that is nece ary. But remember,

the balanc must be f irmly on the s ide of afety, and the asses ment and contro l of

ri ks is a contin uou proce . Mea ure must be ta ken to e liminate or contro l the

ri ks unl ess it is c lea r that the co t of doing 0 is g ross ly di sproporti onate to the

leve l of ri k. However, the ability to pay fo r additi onal contro l mea ures i not a

dec iding fac tor as to whether they are necessa ry. Where it i not poss ibl e to

remove the ri sk then the arrangement fo r manag ing the s ite safe ly are

parti cul a rl y important. In thi s respect Appendi x I (Systems of work) and

Appendi x 2 (Tra ining) conta in essentia l adv ice.

4 Thi guidance is not prescriptive. It eek to make th ose peopl e re pons ible fo r

sites aware of the hazards from the ir operations and enabl e them, in line with their

lega l obligations, to adopt a practi ce of identi fy ing, assess ing and contro lling

ri sks. With the large number of sites involved, considerable variation in

equipment, site design, systems and work practices exists. The contents of

this publication can only be used as guidance and the reader will need to use

discretion where the guidance does not match the exact circumstances of the

site. Wherever poss ible, appropriate establi shed good pract ice should be fo llowed.

1

5

6

Where it is necessary to vary normal industry practice then a more detail ed risk

assessment may have to be carried out. The introduction of new or additional

control measures is not necessary if the only purpose is to modernise the site or if

the control measures are excessive in proportion to the level of risk.

Guidance on specific safety issues is provided from time to time by Petro leum

Licensing Authorities and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Although not

considered here, other issues such as risks to health, including the dangers of

being overcome by petro l fumes , violence against employees, and environmental

protection, may also need to be addressed by those responsible for sites.

Spec if ic technical guidance covering the bu il ding of a new site , or a major

redevelopment, is being produced by the petroleum industry. Appendix 5 Other

sources of advice and further reading point to other guidance of which you will

need to be aware.

7 This gu idance refe rs throughout to ' hazard' and ' ri sk '. ' Haza rd ' means anything

that can cause harm. 'Risk' is the chance, g reat or small , that someone, either on

or off the site , will be harmed by the hazard .

8 Your Petroleum Officer (see Appendix 6) can prov ide advice and needs to be

approached at the ear li est possible stage to di scuss any concerns you have, or any

improvements or alterations you intend to make to your site.

2

9

THE HAZARD FROM PETROL

This guidance looks at fire and explo ion haza rds. In this respect petrol ha the

following characteristics:

• It gives off a flammable vapour. When this vapour is mixed with air in

certain proportion a ri k of fire or explo ion ex i t . As little a I % of

vapour in a ir can create a flammabl e atmo phere;

• The vapour is heavier than air and does not di sper e easily in till air

cond itions. ]t tend to ink to the lowe t po ible level of it urroundings

and may accumulate in tanks, cav ities, drains, pits or other depre ion ;

• It floats on th urfa e of water and may, a long with its va pour , be ca rri d

fo r long di tance from the initi a l ource by water cour e, ewer, duct ,

drain or g roundwater.

10 Petro l vapo ur, even when present in th atm phere at relatively low leve l , can be

harmfu l if inhal d. In addition , frequent contac t w ith the liquid may po e other

hea lth hazard. Thi guidance doe not dea l with the e ri k whi ch h uld be

considered in the a s ment required under the ontro l f ub tance Hazardous

to Health Regul a ti ons 1994 (CO 1-11-1) .

II Environmenta l protection requirement are In crea ing ly influenc ing equipment

tandards and ite de ign. Environmenta l hazard are not dealt with in thi

publication. However, a ri k assessment covering the e i ues may a l 0 need to be

carri ed out. afety mea ures for conta inmen t of petrol not only he lp prevent rire

and exp lo ion but a l 0 have the benefit of preventing contam ination or the air,

land and waterway. Any additi ona l contro l mea ure introduced to protect the

environment hould not compromi se afety. Th re is pecific legi lat ion and

guidance covering vapo ur recovery requirement , details of whi ch are ava il ab le

from th Department of the Environment.

3

CASE STUDIES

55 homes evacuated A petr'o l fillin g-s tation on a m ajor urba n rin g roa d ha d sa les in excess of 5 million lit r es pcr yea r .

The fi rSL s igns or problems were a smell of petrol in

neighbouring houses: eventua lly up to 55 homes were affected. I-louses were evacuated as the Fumes bui lt up, petro l

was also found in a river and the media became interested.

The tanks and lines were tested for leaks but found to be sound. The sile was closed as large amounts of petrol were discovered in Lhe ground under Lhe site.

Investi gation revea led that the equ ipment had nol fa iled. but

the lack of a proper operating procedure had been the problem. One of the ta nks at the s ite was sma ll and a l each

delivery Lhe lank was fi lled 10 Ihe lOP and peLrol regularly spilt in the manhole. This practice resulted in th is incident whi ch closed Lhe fili ing-SLal ion, PUI ne ighbours in danger and incurred the operator with major costs and remediation of the si leo

The incident would not have occurred if the operator had only ordcred and pennitted delivery of the amount ofpctrol the tank cou ld safely receive. Whi lst not the only solution. the fitting of an overfi ll prevent ion device woul d have preventcd this.

Grandmother killed in her own kitchen Petrol was purchased from a self-se r vice petrol sta ti on by a yo ung man for his motorcycle, in a can which had previously been used for cooking oil. T he ca n, which had been I>a rt used to fill up the motorcycle, had been left in a cupboa rd .

The young ma n's grand mother some weeks later seei ng the cook ing oil can. attempted to usc it in the kit chen for frying. The resulting fire kill ed her and burnt down the house.

The incident could have been avo ided by the conso le operator at the petro l stati on on ly a llowing the young man 10 fill up an authori sed, clearly labe lled petrol container.

Explosion kills contractor A co ntrac to r was ca lled to a petrol sta ti on whi ch was to be closed a nd where th e ta nks were repurt ed 10 ha ve been made

safe by fillin g with w<ll er. He was asked to remove the pumps a nd ve nt pipes a nd to a rra n ~e for th e lan ks 10 be fill ed in with co ncrete.

While carrying out hi s work he found diffi culty in removing the tank l ids and lIsed a disk-CUller to wke ou l the ho lts. An explosion oecurrcd kil ling Ihe contractor and bl ow ing off the li d; the tanks had not been water fi ll ed and were fu ll oi'pelrol vapour.

The s ite operator and the con tractor had not considered a safe operating procedure to check tha t the ta nk was safe nor had they eva luated the risks aris ing from mak ing the dislIsed petrol tanks safe.

Block of flats evacuated when petrol discovered in basenlent A petrol station in an urban area leaked petr'ol into th e basemcnt boiler' housc of a ncar'by block of flats. Thc car cta ker' discover'cd th c petr'o l co ming into the basement before th c vapour had built up to a danger ous level. T he sour'ces of ignition wcr c r'cmoved a nd th e fl a ts cvacua ted .

The tanks insta ll ed at the petrol station werc over 50 year o ld and found to be leaki ng.

An eva luation o f the ri sk o f old tanks leaking shoul d have becn made and a tank testing programmc, combined with stock monitoring, could have found thc fa ult in the ins ta ll ati on be fore it became a ri sk to the publ ie.

4

12

13

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE STORAGE

AND DISPENSING OF PETROL

The concern i that petrol, or its vapour, may come into contact with a ource of

ignition. The control of ignition source may become more di fficul t (and the

potential for an incident greater) on ite where th public have acc , where

there are other activiti apart fro m di pen ing petro l or where up rvi ion i not

con tant.

Factor that affect the lev f the ri k, ie the hance that ome ne wi ll b harm d,

and th refor th c ntrol requir d, in lude:

• fr quency and J11 thod of d liv ry;

• storage ea pa ity and method;

• vo lum di pen ed (thr ughput);

•

•

•

location f the ite, in parti ul ar pr im ity t ceupied building,

und rgr und ra il way r r ad , ba m nt etc;

number of empl oyees and memb r of th publi who may be in , I' ar und,

the it ;

training and c mpetence of site pera ti v s;

• age and type of eq ui pment and wheth r el f- rvice, attendant prated r

unatt nded ;

•

•

layo ut of the site in relat ion to other it a ti vi ti s, 111

pain t pray ing, ca r va leting, hop , re taurant etc;

site- pecif ic factor , eg ground condition , water our e and drainage

system whi ch may affect the pread of e caped petro l.

5

-Q ~ .. ~ c.. ,.. Q ~

= ..... rIJ

= ~ c.. rIJ .....

"C "C

= ~

~ ~ ~ ~ Q .. rIJ

~ ..c .. ~

t.S .. = ~ e rIJ rIJ ~ rIJ rIJ ~

~ rIJ ..... ~ ,.. Q rIJ ~ -c.. ..... ~

= ..... ~ c.. -~ ~ ~

= ~

~

Example of the need to cater for the public

A petrol filling-station was built with a large convenience store. This

serves the passing motorist and the local housing estate. The store is

particularly busy in the afternoons serving children from a nearby school.

In the design process, the developer had to consider the problems that this

was likely to entail:

• The route for pedestrian customers entering the petrol station; whether it

could be dangerous for them; or whether they wou ld create a hazard

themselves;

• The control of a number of activities on the site in addition to

dispensing petrol.

In this case the measures chosen to deal with the problem included

pedestrian access wide enough to take prams, located away from the road

tanker off-loading area and the main vehicle thoroughfare. The developer

also designed the shopping area with check-outs next to the con ole

controlling the petrol dispenser . A eries of tills and di pen er controllers

were linked so that the number of taff could be increased wben the ite wa

busy.

14 The key precautions to prevent fire and explosion are:

• effective containment of petro l;

• spillage prevention, in particular during delivery and dispensing;

• effective management of expected or unexpected releases of petrol or vapour;

• keeping ignition sources away from petrol or its vapo ur;

• effective training for managers and staff (see Appendix 2);

• adequate supervision of staff;

• appropriate consu ltation with staff;

• adequate supervision of member of the public, contractors and other s ite

visitors;

• early identification and response to changes in the vicinity of the s ite which

may affect safety, eg building of a new road/railway or changes in the use of

adjoining properties .

6

15 Systems of work wh icb are properly thought through, recorded and followed, will

go a long way to avoiding incidents. In particular, systems to respond effectively

to incidents are of paramount importance. Procedures should be laid down for

dealing with incidents during delivery or dispensing, and also for identifying and

dealing w ith any apparent loss of stored petro!. Appendix I provide further

guidance on sy tem of work.

7

-Q ~ .... ~ c.. ,.. Q ~

= . .... rIJ

= ~ c.. rIJ . ....

"C "C

= ~

~ ~ ~ .. Q .... rIJ

~ .c .... .. t.S .... = ~ e rIJ rIJ ~ rIJ rIJ ~

~ rIJ . .... .. ,.. Q rIJ ~ -c.. . .... ~

= .-.. c.. -~ .. ~

= ~

~

FIVE STEPS FOR ASSESSING THE RISKS AND IDENTIFYING

ESSENTIAL MEASURES TO CONTROL THE HAZARD

16 Risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination of what, in your work

activity, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have

already taken enough precautions, or should do more to prevent harm.

17 If a risk assessment has not been completed for your site you will need to do one.

If one has been done it would be sensible to use this guidance to check that all the

relevant areas have been addressed. In either case you should undertake a re­

assessment when there has been a significant change affecting the site or there is

some reason to suspect that the original assessment is no longer valid. However, it

is a good idea to carry out a re-assessment on a regular basis.

18 The following steps provide a systematic approach to looking for the hazards and

managing the risks:

STEP 1 asks you to take afresh look at your site, its design, operation and

surroundings, and identify where a fire and explosion hazard may exist.

STEP 2 asks that for each area of the site and operation you consider what could

go wrong, and who could be affected.

STEP 3 asks you to address your findings from Step 2 and decide if the

precautions are enough to guard against anything going wrong or if

more should be done.

STEP 4 deals with recording your findings.

STEP 5 asks you to consider when you will need to review your risk assessment.

To assist you in completing Steps 1, 2 and 3 of the ' five steps' process, a

suggested method is given for identifying the main areas of concern and some of

the options for controlling them (see paragraph 30).

Familiarise yourself with all five steps before carrying out your own risk

assessment.

8

STEP 1 L OOK FOR THE AREAS WHERE A FIRE OR EXPLOS ION HAZARD MAY EXIST

19 Before carrying out a risk assessment you will need to have sufficient information

for the purpose. HSE and industry bodies provide guidance on pecific topics

and your local Petroleum Officer can al 0 provide advice. People working at the

site are a good source of information and may be able to point out areas of

concern, and provide practical suggestions for conh·ols. Where there is an officia l

Safety Representative he or she should al 0 be consulted. Appendix 5 Ii ts other

sources of advice to help you. If you do not fully understand what i involved, you

may wish to eek help (from a competent person, see Appendi x 6) for all or part

of the assessment.

20 You will need to familiari e yourself with the site, it urrounding and the age,

make and type of equipment installed. Your local Petroleum Of fi cer may be able

to provide thi s information if you are un ure. A ite plan howing the

arrangement w1derg round will be u eful , a will one how ing any drainage or

conduit system which lead off the ite. Find out what the urr unding building

are u ed for and whether they have cellar . ould the ir location and u e pre ent an

ignition source or otherwi e put occupant at ri sk? Residenti al acco mmodati on

including dwellings, re idential home, ho pital etc pre ent parti cul ar problem

as evacuation in the event of an emergency may take longer. Th ame may b

true of nearby chool s, office block , cinemas etc.

21 Identify and give careful con ideration to a rea where flammable c ncentrat i n

of petrol vapour may be pre ent. The e hazardou ar a are u ua lly ca ll ed 'z ne '

Zones are cla sifi ed into three types depending on th like lihood of vapour be ing

present. The specification for electrica l equipment may va ry depending on the

particular zone. Area out ide these zone are defined a being non-hazardou

during normal operation because of the low leve l of flammable vapour pre ent.

For hazardous areas, more control i n eded over ignition ource , which may be

introduced by work be ing done on the ite or by member of th public.

22 Each site is different and a ystemati c approach should be adopted. One way to

do this is to follow the path of the product tarting with its de livery through to the

di spensing operation . The areas to be addressed inc lude:

• delivery area and vapour venting systems, inc luding tanker access/ex it and

parking;

9

• storage systems;

• pipework to and from tanks;

• dispensers, including access and exit for vehicles and supervision points;

• other site activities;

• off-site activities.

23 Do not disregard what you cannot see. For example, the delivery point may not

be near the storage faci lity (ie off-set fill), connecting pipework may be

underground and not visible, but nevertheless they could present a hazard. Petrol

leaking from above-ground storage should normally be obvious, whereas

underground leaks can go undetected for some time, particularly if stock levels

are not monitored properly.

....................... .......... ... .. .. .. .... .. ................ .. ....... ............... 10 ....... ... .. ... ...... ..................... .. .............. ........ ... .. ................ . ..

STEP 2 D ECIDE ON WHAT COULD GO WRONG AND WHO MIGHT BE HARMED

24 For each area look at the operations involved, decide how petrol could escape and

identify possible sources of ignition. Consider the amount of petrol that could be

spilt or leaked and the route it might take, and where it might collect. Ask

yourself what could go wrong and who would be affected. Ask "what if this or

that happened?", take account of human error and the fact that people do not

alway fo llow instructions or behave in a responsible way. Li t your findings and

the measures that are already in place to deal with the hazard.

Example of how people do not always follow instructions

Contractors were carrying out alterations to delivery pipe work at a ite.

A road tanker delivered 5000 litre of petrol into the off: et fi 11 pipe of a

tank on site. The contractor had di connected thi pipe and the entire

delivery went into the ground, and via a culv rt into a large lake u ed for

recreational purposes.

The public were put at a high ri k and the environment wa affi ct d,

resulting in adver e publicity and a high-co t clean-up operation.

This incident could have been avoided by a work plan to en ure that a

procedure was in place for any deliverie to be carried out afeJy or

avoided until the alteration wa completed .

25 Think about the nwnber of people who could be affected by a fire or explo ion.

Include in your calculation those who work at or use the petrol di spensing

facil ities, people who attend the site for other reasons, shop cu tomers, car

repairs, car sales, maintenance staff, contractors etc. Incl ude people off-site such

as occupant of adjacent buildings or those further away if there is the pos ibility

that escaping petrol could travel some distance, eg down slopes, tlu'ough drainage

systems, cable ducting etc. Consider the worst that could happen, ie the greatest

number of people likely to be involved (especially at peak periods) and the worst

incident.

11

Example of how petrol can travel some distance off a site

Petrol had leaked from an underground storage tank into the surface water

drainage system over several years. Eventually the petrol made its way, via

the water drainage system, into the cellar of a house nearby. Petrol vapour

levels in the cellar were such that the risk of explosion was high and the

property had to be evacuated. The ground around the tank was

contaminated with petrol as was the grollild around the drainage pipes

stretching from the site, under the main road and to the affected property,

and beyond. A total area of some 20 000 m2 metres was affected.

Clean-up work ran to £250 000. The owners of the house were left with a

property which was virtually worthless. Vapour levels in the cellar

remained dangerous for some time and vapour build-up returned with

increases in the surrounding water levels. Other house owners in the

contaminated area also found the value of their properties dwindled and

could not renew their insurance policies.

Checks of the amount of petrol dispensed compar d to the amount

delivered would have given early warning of the leak and action could

have been taken to stop the escape.

12

STEP 3 EVALUATE THE RISK ARISING FROM THE HAZARD AND DECIDE WHETHER

EXISTING SAFEGUARDS ARE ADEQUATE OR MORE SHOULD BE DONE

26 For each area where fire or explosion hazards may exist, consider the precautions

already in place. Think about the likelihood of something going wrong and what

the consequences could be. Remember that a small hazard could present a

'knock-on effect' and create a larger problem.

27 Ask yourself whether you have done all that the law requires you to do. Are you

meeting generally accepted industry standards? The list of recommended further

reading in Appendix 5 may help. But don 't stop there - think for yourself, because

the law says that you must do what is reasonably practicable to keep your work

place safe.

28 Your <l;im should be to control the risks by adding more precautions if necessary.

Ask yourself two questions:

(a) Can I get rid of the hazard altogether?

(b) If not, how can I control the risks so that harm is unlikely?

29 If you share a site, tell other occupants about any risks your work could cause to

them and what precautions you are taking. Think about the possible hazards

created by those people sharing your site.

30 While there is no general formula for rating risks, the following section offers a

method to assist in decision making. It is not a comprehensive assessment

method. In using it, you will also need to weigh up the likelihood of something

going wrong and the number of people who could potentially be harmed. All of

these factors will vary with the site.

31 The following section looks in turn at the main elements of a site:

• Delivery and venting (page 17)

• Storage (page 21)

• Pipework systems (page 25)

• Dispensing (page 29)

........... ................... ................................ ............. ............. 14 ............ ...... ............................ , ... ..... .. , ....... ......... ...... ......... .

It also identifies the key concerns and gives examples of the different control

measures to consider. It should only be used as part of the ' five step' process

and wi ll not cover all situations but may help in identifying the main areas to be

considered.

32 For each element you are asked to consider the general potential for harm at the

site . This provides a weighting factor, which is combined with the scores given to

each element of the operation. The scoring sy tern is designed to indicate the

main areas which need to be addres ed. Site differ and the coring sy tem cannot

cover every type of situation, and cannot be taken as a preci e refl ection of the

degree of hazard or ri k. It may help, however, to e tabli h priori tie . From the

total score calculated for each element, you can con ider control mea ure fr0111

the examples provided. However, the Ii ts ar not exhau tiv . Ther may be other

33

ite operations that you will need to con ider and other type of equipm nt, work

ystem and control measures not Ii ted here. You will need to u e your

judgement in deciding what is nece ary and feasible fo r the particular ite and

it circumstances. When in doubt, you should eek further advic .

Wh en electing scoring el m nl , if ther i doubl ol r which on 10

chao e becau e a variety of ilualion or equipment xi Is, YOll may need 10

a se each ituation/piec o./equipmenl ·eparately (eg mar than on jill

poinl in different location , two or more tanks of d~lJerenl ag and

can ·Iruction, or several line of varying age and construction).

.... .... ........................................ ............ .. ... ................. ...... . 15 ..... ... ....... ...... ....... .............. ....... ...... .......... .... ...... .. ........... .

34 When selecting control measures it will be necessary to consider what

can be done in the light of the circumstances on site. Where a hazard

can be eliminated by changing the physical layout of a site, this may

remove the need for further action. However, it is not always necessary

or possible to achieve the ideal. Provided the appropriate controls are in

place it is possible to run even a high hazard site safely. The Tables

(pages 19, 23, 27 and 31) give some examples of options from which you

may select on.e or more measures to control the hazards and risks

identified from your assessment. You should start by looking at the

controls that match the rating for each element of the site. Consider

those which are reasonably practicable to achieve. It may be that you

cannot put in place any of the example control measures for the rating

for your site, but you may still be able to achieve adequate control by

using those from another group or by introducing suitable systems of

work (see Appendix 1). There may also be other control measures not

listed in the tables. If you are not confident, get help from a competent

source. But remember - you are responsible for seeing that the risk

assessment is adequately done.

35 Appendix 3 gives examples of how this approach has been applied to three

different types of site.

.... ............................... .... ............. ... .......... .. .. .... ...... .......... 16 ........... ............ .. .. ... .......... ... ......... .......... ...... ... ...... ..... .... . ..

36

DELIVERY (and venting)

This element deals with the delivery area f th , th d Ii rypr

and access by tankers and includes example control m a ur for

tanks during deliveries.

Weighting factor

The first task is to determine the individual characteri tic

it elf

nting of

the following descriptors and select the one which applie to your ite. Th n

multiply your total score from the next ection by the factor hown.

(a) A s.ite with a tlu'oughput of more than 5 million liu'es per year* OR

over 100 people at any one time within the area potenti ally affected by the delivery operation** :

Motorway service areas, hypermarket sites and sites in built-up areas of cities or large towns

would usua lly fa ll into thi s ca tegory,

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR DELIVERY BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 5.

(b) A site with a througbput of between 500 000 and 5 million litres per year* OR

between 10 and 100 people at anyone point in time within the area potentia ll y affected by the

deli very operation** : Average-s ize service stations and some non-retail ite ill town and

suburban areas would usually fa ll into thi category.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR DELIVERY BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 3

(c) A site with a througbput of Ie than 500 000 li u'es per yea r* OR

less than ten people at anyone time within the area potentia ll y affected by the deli veJY

operation**: Small rura l fi lli ng- tations, farm sites, tately homes and some other non-reta il

fac il ities not in buil t-up areas, may fall into thi category.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR DELIVERY BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 1

* When calculating the throughput of the site the mo t rccently completed twelve-month period should be used.

For sites in the design stage this figure should be based on the projected vo lume of the site when fully estab li shed.

** When calcu lating the number of people potentially affected (see also paragraph 25), as a rough guide you should

include people in buildings up to 12 metres from the delivery area, including the tanker stand and areas where the tanker

has to manoeuvre; and a minimum of 30 metres distance for those not protected by a building. Where spi It petrol can

travel some distance off-site, more people could be affected. Don ' t forget to include such things as pedestrian visi ting a

busy site shop and/or residential accommodation above or in the vicinity of the delivery area. Count the maximum number

of people that could be affected at times when deliveries u ually take place. For example, normal pedestrian traffic within

30 metres of the deli very area ofa site is approximately eight people. However, this figure increases in the afternoon to

around 50 when customers queue for sessions in a bingo hall nearby. As deliveries take place in the afternoon and those in

the queue are in an area where they cou ld be affected, the higher figure should be used .

17

DELIVERY (and venting) From the following table select one descriptor for each

aspect which best fits your site (see paragraph 33).

A~pec(

Location of the fill pints (Don ' t forget

to include any off- et fill)

Pe(I'II/I'(I/IfIIII''' 111(1.1' (lC('III1I11/(I(e ill (Ire

II/'e(llllllrefil/ poilll. dlll'ill/: 1/",

delh'e,:1' 01'1"'(11;'111. Tire 1iIi<'1iI/(//II/

I!lllll illcil/elll i.\ i"'·I'ell.\('l/ i{igllilioll

.\II1/I'(·e.\ II/'e 1101 (·IIIIII'III/ed.

/'eo,,/e ""11/' I/"'fill Pllilll II/'e lit I'i.'/i

il'lIlIt "rIIlecl£'l/

Descl'iptol'

Fill point locatcd within a building

Fill point located within approxima tely

4 mctres ofa public thoroughfare

(pavemcnt • hOI1 cuts, path etc)

Fill pint located within 6 mctres of

a building(12 mctres ifresidcntial

accommodation) which has doors. window

or ther penings or is n t suitabl y

pr tcct"d to all w a t least halran h ur

I' more for escape

Fil l point loca ted morc than 6 mctres

fr 111 a bui ld ing (1 2 metres if rcsidcnti:il

a COI11I11 dation) or \ ithin 6 m\!u'cs or

a building which ho n drs. window

r othcr opening r is suitabl y PI' ti:cted

t allow at lCllst half an hour r mor\! for escapc

Tanker access/c it (including the road tanker standing area)

Tanker wh lly o r partly ofr si te \ hen unloading

bury andl r exi t to the sIt e IS dlf'licult lor

the tanker

SCOl'e

4

3

2

4

3

Tanker wholly on si te whcn unlOllcllng but has t 2

ite feature in respect of spillage

T/,,' /:"£,1"('1' Ih(' ('.\'I£'I/I III ... hich 'l'iI( 1'('11'11/

('(III ("('lI1'" /i-tJlII '"t' .. ilt' 1/1('. IlItll'(' /i"('~t' it

;, III ('/lII/£' ;,,1/1 ('1/1/111('1 II';IIt /I .\III/1·( ·£' IIf

i/:llilillll 111'/1/'£,\('111/1 I'i,1i III ,,£'III'/£'

rever e r manoeuvre within the site

Tanker wholly on si te when unloading and driver

ab le to drive on, and olTsite WIthout reversing

pill readily es npes fr Jl1 si te to area where

it may bc a danger to people

pill escapes t place where it will not present

a danger to pcople

pill retaincd in drainagc system on s ite

4

2

We ighting fac to r from previous page is ( ..... ) X tota l for all three a pects ( ..... ) = ( ..... )

Overall rating: Group .3-10 points Group B. 11 -24 point s

lncrea ing hazard

18

DELIVERY (and venting) - SELECTING APPROPRIATE CONTROL MEASURES. You now need to consider what. if anything. needs to be done to control the hazards and/or risks (see paragraph 34).

EXAMPLE CONTROL MEASURES FOR DELIVE RY and VENTING

SYSTEMS OF WORK

LOCATION OF FILL POINT

LOCATION OF ROAD TANKER STANDING AREA

ACCESS FO R TANKER

SPI LLAG E CONTROL

W ARNING DEVICES

HEIGHT OF VENT PIPE OUTLET ABOVE GRO UND

GROUP ' A' SITES GROUP ' 8 ' SITES

See Appendix 1 for further details

Consider locating fijI point to a distance of between 6 to 12 metres f" om building/s and over 4 metres from the public thoroughfare

Consider adopting a system of supervision for any manoeuvring of the tanker onto or within the site

Consider providing bunding fo r tankls or adequate drainage system, eg imper vious sur face, slopes, channels, grids, reta ining walls adequate to conta in spillage or di rect it to a safe place

Consider fitting an overfill alarm or introduce a strict and appropriate system of work fo r delive ry

Consider locating fiU point to a distance of between 6 to 12 metres from buildingls and over 4 metres from the public thoroughfare

Consider providing a level road tanker standing a rea wholly within the confines of the site

Consider adopting a system of super vision for any manoeuvring of the tanker on to or within the site including the provision of adequate warning equipment (cones etc)

Consider installing an interceptor and suitable drainage system

Consider fitting an overfill prevention device plus system of work to respond to device being activa ted

Sites with a throughput of less thall 500000 litres per QlIII/II11

Consider loeating fill pobit and/or tankerll~ area or entrance to Ute to affOJ:Cl tanker d,eat ad fWl aJiu to site ana 10

that fOrWard eDt bY, the tanker can be GliieVed In an emerpncy

C::onslder Otdag .. failSafe overOll prev.enttOn dev.tee plus system ofwoi'k to respond to device being aetlvated

ormaJJy acceptab le for vent pipes to be more than the height of the dNlVery'tluiker

1Q

DELIVERY (and venting)

The following are contro l measu res normally required at all sites:

DELIVERY

VENTING

• Adequate ill um ination for fi ll area for safe working and securi ty;

• Maintenance of interceptor (where applicab le) including frequent removal

of spi llage and its safe disposal;

• Work systems plus emergency procedures;

• Training of competent persons on work sy tem , including off- loading

p rocedures;

Note: Training should inelude the correct procedures for connecting any

tanker vapour recovelY system as errors in th is area represent

a Significant fire risk

• Emergency equipment provided to include, for examp le:

sand or other means to conta in spi ll ;

fire extingu ishers;

• F ill-pipe connecti on caps secure against vandalism etc;

• Waming notices provided, ie' 0 Smoking' sign;

• Fi ll -pipe connections should be c learly mar ked to show to which tank: they

re late (and therefore its working capacity) and the type of liquid being

stored, eg leaded, unleaded etc;

• Appropriate dra inage to captme spilt petrol;

• Segregation of the site. onsider c losing all or part of the site to visitors

when de livery is taking place or arranging de liveri es fo r times when other

people will not be about, eg night deli veries. All acti vities with the potential

to create an igniti on source should be excluded from arou.nd both the de livery

and vent areas;

• F ire separa tion measures and reducing ignition sources. Consider fire

separation fo r occupied buildings and/or publiC; thoroughfa res,

eg construction of building to be such as to a ll ow occupants at least ha lfa n

hou.r fo r escape or the construction of an imperforate protective wa ll

(loca l fife authority or loca l authori ty building contro l inspector can advi e).

• Siting of vent pipes. For all categories of site it is essentia l that vent pipe

outlets are positi oned 3 metres or more (2 m if a vapour recovery system is

fitted) from potenti al ignition sources or fro m openings in buil ding where

vapours could enter and accumulate. Where thi s is not the case consideration

should be given to resiting the pipe or redesigning its upper section to achieve

this. All ign ition sources must be excluded from the hazardous area around

the pipe whi le tanker deli veries are taking place. lf re iting of vent pi pes is

impracticable a stri ct system of work must be adopted to exclude igniti on

sources from around the vent pipes while de livery is taking place;

• Flame arresters should be fitted to all vent out lets and vapour return lines

(where fitted);

• All above-ground vent pipes should be constructed of meta l;

• Warning notices should be provided, ie 'No Smok ing' signs;

• Segregation of the site. See above under' Deli very' .

'0

STORAGE

37 This element deals with the storage of petrol in below-ground tanks and the

likelihood that they could leak, and if so the risk that such a leak may go

undetected and affect others.

Weighting factor

The first task is to determine the individual characteristics of the site. Consider

the following descriptors and se lect the one which applies to yo ur site. Then

multiply yo ur total score from the next section by the factor hown.

(a) A site with: residential accommodation within 6 metres of the tank area OR

tank(s) located within or under a building OR

within 30 metre of an underground road/ rail tunnel/basement or cellar.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR STORAGE BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 5.

(b) Tank(s) located between 6 and 30 metre from re identia l accommodation.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR STORAGE BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 3.

(c) Tank(s) located more than 30 metres from:

res identi a l accom modation;

a basement/cellar;

an underground road or rail tunnel.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR STORAG E BY A WEIGHTING FA TOR OF l.

For underground tanks, the ability f or leaking petrol to enter chambers such as

cellars, basements, tunnels, drains and sewers increases the risk that an

undetected build-up of p etrol, and more importantly its vapours, can occur. In

circumstances where p etrol can easily travel furth er off the site than the

distances indicated above, eg via nearby water courses which act as a vehicle for

carrying petrol, a higher weighting factor category may be necessary.

..................... ... ......... ..... .... ........ .. ........... ... .... .. .... .. ........ .. 21 ............ .. .......... ... .. .... .... ... .. ....... ... .... ................. ... .. ... .... .... .

g scoring system unless you have read and understood paragraphs 16 to 42.

!

STORAGE

Consider the following table and elect one de criptor for each a peel which most clo ely

de cribe your ite C ee paragraph 33).

Aspect

Age of tank(s)

TIle c"(/IIc·e.~ t"at t"e ttlII{. ... iIIleali

ilu'l't!tI.\(' witll it, ll/.:t!

onstruction of tank( )

T"e /"i.\I, t"at c(II.,.o.\im, ... iII (I('C' /II'

allll /"e."tlt ill a /c'ali i.\ e.\peC"ial(1'

Iri~" fo/" .\ill~/e .\liill wed t(/IIk\ .

ExpC'l"iellC"L' 11<1.\ .\110 ... 11 t"tIt

t"c' potelltial fo/" a leal,

illc/"ea.\e.\ .\i~II (f;("(/IIt(I'.fi'"

.• ted ((/Ilk.\" (II'e/" 30.l'e(l/·'\ old

Descriptor

Over 30 year

20-30 years

Le s than 20 year

ingle skin metallic

single kin non-metallic.

eg RP r equivalent,

or double kin without

a constant monitori ng

device filted between the kins

double skin with constant

m nitoring device fitted

bet ween the sk i ns

Score

3

2

3

2

Weighting factor from previou page i C .. ... ) X lota l for both aspects ( .. ... ) = ( .. ... )

Ove.-all rating: roup .2- 11 points Croup B. 12-21 point Croup C. 22-30 points

lncrea ing haza rd

22

STORAGE - SELECTING APPROPRIATE CONTROL MEASURES ,

Y OLI now need to consider what, if anything, needs to be done to control the hazards anc\Jor ri sks (see paragraph 34)

EXAMPLE CO NT ROL MEASU RES FOR STORAG E SYST EMS

SYST EMS OF WORK

CO ST R CTIO OFTA KS

SITl G OF TA KS (consideration normally reserved for situations of part icular concem or at the de ign/ redes ign stage)

MO ITO Rl NG FO R LEA KS

RELIN ING OF TA K

CO NT ROL MEA RES

ORM ALLY REQ UIRED AT ALL S IT ES

G ROUP ' A' SITES

Consider siting the tankls over 15 metres away from: - build ings - road/ra il tu nnel - basement/cellar'

Consider mea ns of monitoring tank contents to detect leaks at an early stage: - frequency of d ipping - need for consta nt

moni tori ng sys tem - leak ala rm system - freq uency of testing, - the fi tti ng of

observation wells

GROUP '8' SITES

See Appendix I for further details

Consider replacing single skin steel tank with single skin non-metallic or double skin ta nk

Consider siting the tankls over 15 metres away from: - building - road/ra il tunnel - basemenUcelia r

Consider precis ion testing of tanks or other test methods (and frequency) including the fi tti ng of observa tion wells which wi ll afford easy access for monitoring equipment at frequent in terva ls

GROUP 'C' SITES

Consider replacing single sldn steel tank witla double skin tank with intenUtiaJ monitoring system

Consider siUng the tankis over 30 metres away from: - building - road/raD tunnel - basementlee.D1lf

As an altel'l1ative to r'eplaci ng tanks they may be relincd a nd in some cireumstanees a leak detection system ti tted as part of the process, Such a consideration should be".uy discussed with your Petro leum Officcr

- Where constant moni to ring devices are fi tted they need to be maintained and tested at

Note: Guidance on the controls necessalY for above-ground tanks can be fou nd in The slorage off/all/II/ab/e liquids in fixed lanks (lip 10 /0 00011/3 10lal capacily) (See Appendix 5)

23

PIPEWORK SYSTEMS

38 This element deals with all the pipe systems (lines) which are mainly situated

underground from the delivery area to the storage facility and then to the

dispensing facility. It include off-set fill pipes, suction lines, pressure lines, siphon

lines and vent pipes.

Weighting factor

The first task is to determine the individual characteri tics of the site. Consider the

following descriptors and select the one which applies to your site. Then multiply

your total score from the next ection by the factor hown:

(a) A site with: re idential accommodation within 6 metre of the line( ) OR

line(s) located within or under a building OR

within 30 metres of an underground road/rail tunnel/basement or cellar .

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR PIPEWORK SYSTEMS BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 5.

(b) Line(s) located between 6 and 30 metre from re idential accommodation.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCORE FOR PIPEWORK SYSTEM BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF 3.

(c) Lines located more than 30 metres from:

residential accommodation;

a basement/cellar;

an underground road or rail twlnel.

MULTIPLY TOTAL CORE FOR PIPEWORK SY TEMS BY A WEIGHTING FACTOR OF I.

Experience suggest that underground pipework system are the source of the

majority of petrol leaks. For underground lines the ability for leaks to enter

chambers such as cellars, ba ements, tunnels, drains and sewers increases the risk

that an undetected build-up of petrol, and more importantly its vapours, can occur.

In circumstances where petrol can easily travel furth er off the site than the

distances indicated above, eg via nearby water courses which act as a vehicle for

carrying petrol, a higher weighting factor category may be necessary.

.... .... ....... ... .. ....... ... .. .. ... ... ...... ... .. ............ ............ .. .. .. .. .. ... 25 .. .... ... ..... .. .. .... ... ...... .......... ....... ..... .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... ......... .. .. .. .. .

PIPEWORK SYSTEMS

Consider the following table and select one descriptor for each aspect wh ich most closely describes your site (see paragraph 33).

Aspect

Age of lines

rile lit.eli/wOlI tlUlt tile lilies wiffletlk

iIlCI'ell"ll!.\' witlt tlRt!

Descriptor

Over 30 years

20-30 years

Les than 20 year

( Don 't forget to include any offset fill lines in yo ur assessment)

Construction

rile risk of ("O/.,.osioll is c-,pedtll(1'

hiRII fill" .~teellilles, Experiell("e lUIS

-,11011'11 tlltlt tl,,' IltItellfitll p"·letlk,·

ill('l'e(lSe sigllifi("(lIIt(I'pn' steel

pipe'l'lIr', (}I'er 30 J'elll'.~ of tiRe

Typc of system

Systellls whi("11 re(I' Oil pres.mre to

pn'('e petrol tlll'(II/R" tile lille-, po-,e

(I p(/I"ti("lIll11' IIt1~(I/"{1 (I .~ tile tllIIOllllt

(if petrolwhicll will be lost (JI'er (I

I'e/:1' .~//{1I'f period, (ttl le(lt. (1( '( ' /11'-',

("(III be ("ollsiderab/e

single skin metallic

singlc skin non metallic

double skin with consta nt

monitoring between the ski ns

(Metallic includes ga lva nised steel)

Pressure

uction or iphon

Score

3

2

3

2

3

Weighting factor from prev iou page is ( ..... ) X tota l fo r all three aspects ( ..... ) = ( .. .. . )

Overall rating: Group A. 3-17 points Group B. 18-31 points ii;ii~i!iiiili!i~

Increasing hazard

26

PIPEWORK SYSTEMS - SELECTING APPROPRIATE CONTROL MEASURES

You now need to consi der what, if anything, needs to be done to control the haza rds and/or ri sk (see paragraph 34).

EXAMPLE CONTROL MEASURES FOR PIPEWO RK YSTEMS

SYSTEM OF WORK

CO STRUCTIO OF LINES (including any off~set fiU)

LEAK MO /TORING

CHEC K VALVES

CONTROL MEASURES NORMALLY REQUIRED AT ALL SITES

GROUP ' A' SITES

Consider precision testing of pipewor k or other test methods. Also consider mea ns of moni toring contents of system to detect leaks at an early stage: - inventory control - frequency of dipping - need for constan t

monitoring device - leak alarm system - frequency of testing

G ROUP ' B' ITES

ce Appendix I for further dctai ls

Consider replaci ng corrodible singlc ski n pipework with non-corrodiblc or secondary contained pipewor k

Consider insta lling an ASI R leak detection system (which includes thc insta llation of monitoring wells) or precision testing at intervals agreed with the Petroleum Licensing Authori ty

For suction systems consider relocati ng thc check va lve(s) to under each pump or fit new va lve(s) under pump(s) wherc none a re fittcd

GROUP 'C' SITES

Consider replaclng corrodible or lIIg1e skin plpework with noa-eorrodlble secondary contalDed plpework

CoDlider lDstaIIlDg a continuou moDltorlDg device

For uctlon systems con lder relocating the cheek valve( ) to under each pump or fit new valve(s) under pump( ) where none are fitted

- Where consta nt monito ring devices are fi ttcd they necd to be maintained and tested at in terva ls

- All sites should have some form of inventory cont ro l - All lines should be clearly marked to show which pump/taak tIi relate to - All va lves should be clearly mar ked to show mcthod of operatlan ancJ,qrpue etc

27 .,Q

DISPENSING

39 This element deals with di spens ing, ie the transfer of the petrol from its storage

vessel to the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, or suitable petrol container. It considers

the possibility that an incident could occur during dispensing or to the dispensing

equipment.

Weighting factor

The first task is to determine the individual characteristic of the site. Con ider

the following descriptors and elect the one which applies to your ite. Then

mUltiply your total score from the next section by the factor shown:

(a) A site with a throughput of more than 5 million litre per year* OR

over 100 people at anyone point in time within the area potentially affected by

the dispensing operation** : Motorway ervice areas, hypermarket ite and site

in the built-up areas of citi or larg town wou ld u ually fall into thi category.

MULTIPLY TOTAL CO FOR OrSPEN ING BY A WErGHTfNG FA TOR OF 5.

(b) A ite with a throughput of between 500000 and five million litre per year*

OR between ten and 100 p op le at anyone point in time within the area

potentially affected by the di p n ing op ration** : Average- ize erv ice tation

and orne non-reta il ite in town and uburban area would usually fall into thi

category.

MULTIPLY TOTAL SCO FO R 0 1 PENS ING BY A W JGHT ING FA TOR OF 3

(c) A ite with a throughput of I s than 500000 litre per year* OR

less than ten peopl at anyone point in time within th area potentially affected

by the dispensing operation**: Small rural f illing-stations, farm ites, tate ly

home and some other non-retail facilitie not in built-up area may fa ll into this

category.

MULTIPL Y TOTAL SCORE FOR Dr PEN r G BY A WEIGHTING FA TOR OF I

* When calculating the throughput of the site the most recentl y completed 12-month period should be used. For sites

in the design stage thi s figure should be based on the proj ected volume of the s ite when fully establ ished.

** When calculating the number of people potentia ll y affected (see al so paragraph 25), as a rough guide you hould

include people up to four metres from the di spensing area. Don ' t forget to include such things as pedestrian custom to a

busy site shop. Count the max imum number o f people that could be affected at peak times. For example, if pedestri an

traffi c to and from a school increases the number within the four-metre area at certa in times of the day, you hould use the

higher figure.

...... ............... .. ... .......... ... ... .......... .. ................................ .. 29 .. ....... ..... ...... .. ...... ... ..... .. ....... .. ... ................. ......... .. ... ........ .

DISPENSING - Consider the following table and select one descriptor for each aspect which most closely describes your si te (see paragraph 33).

Aspect

Standard dispenser celti fied to

Siting of vehicle

iting of di pen er

Descriptor

Electri c pump/s with

no standard

SF A 3002 Standard

B 7 1 17 or EN equi va lent

or hand operated

Vehicles being refuelled

partl y or wholly on the

public highway, or in a building,

or where there is a danger to people

refuelling

Vehicles being refuellcd

ha ve to rever e or l1egot ia te

to get to pump

Vehic le being refuelled

wholly on site and able

to drive on and off site easi ly

Within building or under li ving

accommodation

Within approximately 4 metres o f

the public thoroughfare or ite

boundary

or within 6 metre of occupied bui ldings

or within 9 metres of re idential

accomm dation

More than 4 metres fr m the publi

thoroughfare or site boundary allci

more than 6 metres from occupied building

allci more than 9 metre from li vi ng

accommodat ion

Score

3

2

3

2

3

2

Weighting factor fro m previou page is C .... ) X total for all three a pects ( ... .. ) = ( .. ... )

Overall rating: Group A . 3-10 points Group B. 11-24 points Group C. 25-45 poiDts

Increa ing hazard

30

DISPENSING - SELECTING APPROPRlATE CONTROL MEASURES.

You now need to consider what, if anything, needs to be done to control the hazards and/or ri sks (see paragraph 34).

EXAMPLE CONT ROL MEASURES FOR T HE DISPE SING OPERATIO

SYSTEMS OF WORK

LOCATION OF DISPENS ING EQU IPME T

IM PROVE VISIBILITY AND/O R SUPERVISION

I ClDE T CONTROL MEASU RES

FIRE SEPARATIO MEAS URES

GROUP 'A' SITES GRO UP ' B' SITES GROUP 'C' SITES

See Appendix I for further details

Where supervis ion/visibility is not constant consider methods to ensure that adeq uate p" ovision is made against misuse of equipment, ie: - security - instr uction notices - conh'ol of prod uct to

dispenser (remote switches)

Consider installing an imperviolls surface

O.O .T. NOTICE No.

Consider increas ing super vision and/o r visibility so that the dispensing operation is supervised/monitored directly or indirectly at all times (eg poor visibili ty supplemented by other mea ns)

Consider installing an interceptor and adequate drainage system

Consider moving dispensing equipment to more than 4 metres away from buDdings, the highway or other sources of ignition

Consider increasing supervision and/or visibility so that the dispensing operation is directly supervised/monitored at all times

Consider installing an interceptor and adequate drainage system

Consider lire separation for occupied buildings -cg construction of building to be such as to allow occupants at least half an hOllr for escape, or the construction of an imperforate protecti ve wa ll (local fire authority or local authori ty building control inspeetor can advise)

REG DES No.

BASEEFA

CERTIFICATION 0 MARK

CERTIFICATE No. Ex89Y9148X SFA 3002: 1971

31

DISPENSING

The fo ll owing are contro l measures normally required at all sites :

• For a ll categories of site it is essential that igni tion sources are strictly

contro lled within a 4-metre radius of the dispensers;

• Inspection/maintenance of di spensers and hoses on a regul ar bas is for signs of wear and tea r;

• To avoid danger from vehicle co lli sion consider whether:

there is suffi cient room fo r vehic les to pa s through; there is a need to protect dispensers; the removal of other obstacles, such as vehicles parked for other site acti vities, is necessary;

• Adequate ill umination of dispensing area;

• Electrica l equ ipment inspected regularly;

•

•

Impervious surface and adequate drainage of spilt product to a safe place - ie slopes, channels, grids, reta ining wa lls adequate to conta in sp illage or direct it to a safe place;

Drainage system (where present) maintained on a regular bas is;

• instructions to and traini ng of staff in all aspects of d ispensing operation, including dea ling with spi lls and other inc idents;

• Adequate instruction and wam ing noti ces;

• Contro l of minor spills - ava ilabili ty of sand;

• Layout of dispensers to a llow fo rward exit of vehicles in the event of fire;

• Maintenance of dispensers carried out by competent persons;

• Materials used to clean d ispensers have anti-stat ic properties;

• Fire-fighting equi pment.

In addi t ion, the following may be req uired for unattended sites :

• Emergency cut-off switch;

• Emergency te lephone for sum moning ass istance;

• Limit on the amount served and time peri od a dispenser ca n operate during one transaction;

• Use of unlatched safety nozzles.

EXAMPLES OF GENERAL CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALL SITES

40 The fo llowing contro l measures are examples of those required at a ll sites

irrespective of the degree of hazard . They are not specific to anyone area of a

site .

General considerations

Site maintenance scheme to reduce fire hazards such a

• rubbish;

• overgrown grassed or p lanted areas;

• accumulation of flammab le materials from other ite activities;

• oily rags, cans etc;

• maintenance of essentia l warning sign

T he safe to rage of aleable goods with the potential to create a f ire hazard -

charcoa l, paraffin etc and, in particu lar, liquid propane ga cy linders .

Management of the site wi ll benefit from maintenance of c lear, read ily available

records of key activit ies. Such records wi ll en ure that safety p rformance can be

monitored effective ly, and maintenance and ervicing needs can b identified . In

addition , it is suggested that records of the type of p lant and equipment be kept

w ith deta il s of when it was install ed, mod ified, repai red, rep laced, serv iced or

in pected. Detai ls of inventory checks should be inc luded along with written

procedures for norma l and emergency operations. Your Petro leum Officer can

advise you on th is and may be ab le to provide a pecimen regi tel' for keeping

such records.

Electrical considerations

Cons ideration of electrical systems shou ld cover the fol lowing:

• Does the insta llation meet the requirements of relevant regulations?

• Can the insta ll ation be i olated safe ly in the event of an emergency?

• Is there regu lar inspection of all electrical installations with regard to their

siting and the hazards po ed by electrical equipment as possible ignition

sources?

........... ........ ... ... ... ......... ........ .. ... ......... ... ... .... .. ...... ... ... .... . 33 ... ........... ............ .... ... .. ... ............ ......... ............. .. .... .. ...... ... .

• Is there protection from being struck by lightning?

• Are circuit labels correct?

• Are there dangers from ignition from overhead power lines?

• Can the installation be fully tested in safety?

• Is the frequency and extent of inspection and testing adequate to maintain

safety?

• Is the electrical contractor used competent?

• Have deficiencies found in periodic test/inspection been rectif ied?

• Do any modif ications to the system infringe safety requirements?

• Is the earthing system suitable?

• Is the installation adequately protected when unrelated civil work is· carried

out (road works etc)?

• Is operation of unapproved equipment prevented in hazardou areas (see

paragraph 21)?

34

STEP 4 RECORD YOUR FINDINGS

41 It i good practice to record in writing the significant f indings of your risk

assessment; the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regu lations 1992

insist you do this if you have f ive employees or more. The e hould include:

(a) signi f icant hazards identif ied in your assessment, ie those which might pose

serious ri k to wo rkers or other who might be affected by the wo rk activity

if not properly controlled;

(b) ex isting control meaS LU'es and the extent to which they contro l the

r1 ks (thi need not replicat detail of mea ures mor fully described in

wo rks manuals etc but could refer to them);

(c) the people who may be affected by these signi f icant ri sks or haza rd ,

including any groups of employees who are espec ia lly at ri k.

Info rm yo ur employees about yo ur f indings and di cu s what can be done to

overcome problem .

Keep your records fo r future reference. ft will help if you are que tio n d on your

pr caution , or in discus ions with your Petroleum Officer, or if invo lved in any

civil li abili ty case.

35 .. .. ... ... ..... ... ...... ... .. ......... ... ... .. ...... .. .. ... ... .. .... ....... .. ... ... ... .. .

STEP 5 REvIEW YOUR ASSESSMENT FROM TIME TO TIME AND REVISE AS NECESSARY

42 While carrying out your assessment you should decide when it should next be

done. This may depend on the manufacturers ' recommendations on periods of

maintenance, age of equipment etc . You should always re-assess the hazards and

risks when either new equipment has been installed, or changes in or around the

site have taken place, including any changes in the use of adjacent premises.

36

APPENDIX 1: Systems of work

Good systems of work are an importan t part of ensuring that an incident does not

occur. If there i a problem, systems should be in place to deal with it. Take care

to ensure that all procedures are understandable. Complicated procedure stand

less chance of be ing fo ll owed. You will need to validate and monitor the use of

the procedure you put in place. It is essential that there are systems of work to

cover fire/explosion precautions and responses to incidents.

The areas that may need to be conside red include procedure for:

1 Commissioning

• Initial te t ing and certification of tank , pipe and f itting;

• Ini tia l inspection, testing and certification of the complete electri ca l

insta ll ation ;

• Removal of combustible material;

• Checking that a ll emergency equipment has been insta ll ed and i in working

order;

• En uring warn ing and information noti ces are in place;

• En uring a ll necessary means of e cape are provided;

• Tanks and as oc iated equipment are accurately marked and identifi ed;

• Drainage ystems are insta ll ed, connected and free fro m debri

2 Operation of site

• Pre-de livery of petrol ;

• Delivery of petrol ;

• Post-delivery of petrol ;

• Wetstock management, loss investigation and reporting;

• Procedures regarding contractors;

• Incident register - with approp ri ate definition.

In addition some sites may need to consider:

• Site opening and clos ing for trad ing;

• Maintaining an operating manual;

17

3

4

• Procedures regarding customers;

• Staff training records (completed and proposed).

Maintenance and repairs

• Register of what is required to be done - when and by whom;

• Prime areas for attention (equipment):

tanks (including testing of tanks and lines), pumps, lines, vent pipes,

manholes, fill pipes, gauges, dipsticks, fire extinguishers, tank labelling,

product monitoring equipment;

• Drains, interceptors, complete electrical installation, security of product.

Decommissioning

• Uplift of product (drain tanks and lines);

• Tanks made safe;

• Dispensing equipment made safe;

• Manholes inspected and made safe;

• Interceptors inspected and made safe;

• Drains inspected and made safe;

• Periods and methods of site inspection agreed.

................ ... ... .... ... .... .. ..... ..... .... ... ....... ... .......................... 38 ....... .. ........ .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .... .. ...... ...... .......... ......... .... .. ... .... ... .

2

3

4

5

APPENDIX 2: Training

Training is vital in helping to prevent incidents and to minimise the consequences

if they do happen. Think about who should be trained, in what, and to what level

of competence.

Training will help employees under tand the health and afety aspect of their

work. Initial training should be followed up as necessary with new or refre her

training as required.

Those to be trained must include anyone who works on the ite. Operator ,

manager , staff and occa ional visitors such as maintenance contractors etc may

a ll need orne training. The public hould also be consid red a they will need to

be given information/instruction through appropriate notices and ign.

Training can tak many forms ranging from giving in truction e ither verbally or

tlu'ough informatio n notices and written instructions, to formal training cOllr e .

The typ of train ing needed should be appropriate to the activitie Iduti of tho e

to be trained and the level of risk at the site.

In all ca e there is the need to provide information, instructions and train ing for

those who work on the site, including:

• the hazard from petrol ;

• the ri sk they face on the site;

• the measur in place to deal with the ri sk;

• emergency procedures;

• any particular procedures when contractors are working on ite .

6 Individuals have legal duties to comply with the afety procedures assoc iated with

their work. However, it is never suffic ient s imply to presume that taff wi ll know

and understand what to do. Positive instruction and trai ning is needed. Health and

safety training should take place during working hours and should be part of the

job.

7 Involve and con ult staff. Where there is a recognised trade union afety

representative he or she will need to be consulted. They wi ll know many of the

.... ... ..... .. .. .. ............. .. .... .. .. .. ....... ...... .................. .......... .. ... 39 .. .. ..... ............. ................ .. .... ... ... ........... .. ....... ....... .. ... ...... .

8

9

hazards occurring in everyday situations and should be consulted . Unusual

occurrences should be catered for.

There should be training for new staff and refresher training for existing staff, as

necessary (for example if skills such as emergency procedures are not used

regularly). If poor performance shows that training is not working, the training

will need to be reviewed and improved. It should not be assumed that previous

experience or formal qualifications wi ll mean that new emp loyees do not need

training.

Information, instruction and training must be understood by tho e to whom it is

given. In the case of instructions to the public, notices need to be vi ible, clear

and easily understood. Special consideration should be given to tho e with

language difficulties, or with disabilities which impede the receipt of information,

including those who have difficulties in reading or understanding English.

10 Specific training may be needed for some operations. For examp le, those

responsible for receiving deliveries wi ll need training in the appropriate

procedures to follow; people responsible for monitoring wetstock should be

trained in how to do it and what to do if there is any unexplained loss of petrol ;

staff on retail sites should be trained in the correct use of equipment and what to

do if customers adopt unsafe practices such as attempting to fill an unsuitable

container, smoking while filling their tank etc.

11 It is advisable to keep a training record for each staff member so that it is clear

what training they have received and, therefore, which duti es they can be expected

to perform.

.......... ..... ................ ... .... ..... .. ...... ....................... ... ... ...... .. 40 .. .. ........................ .......... , .................... ... .. .. .... .... ... ....... .... ..

APPENDIX 3: Risk assessment examples

The following three examp les aim to demonstrate the 'five steps' risk assessment

process, app lied to tlu'ee very different type of ite.

E XAMPLE

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR A FARM SITE

The installation is in a rural area, situated in a private lane. There i a drainage ditch near the storage area and some distance away a field u ed for tatic caravans.

(/) Q) (/) :::J o I

(/) c Q)

'E ro

<.9

(/) '0 Qi i.L

(/)

'0 Qi i.L

g " Q) LL

~D c Q)

E: (0: ,-' Q) ' ;,. :

0 ,

~ LLCU I o t

'---_____ ......::::Dr~ai::..:.:nage ditch

Steep fa ll

(/)

E g' mi5

LL = :::J .0

(/)

'0 Qi i.L

GstSS0 Caravans (Not to scale)

.. .......... , ........... ,....... ........ .... ............. ................................ 41 ................................................... " ....................... " .......... .

DELIVERY (and venting)

The site has a throughput of less than 500 000 litres a year. As the caravan site is over 30 metres

from the delivery point and uphill, the people on the site are not at risk. Any spill could reach the

drainage ditch but it flows down the hill away from the caravan site towards the private lane. Only

tiu-ee to four fann employees enter the area around the delivery point. Weighting factor = 1

Location offill points: The fill point is directly on top of the lU1derground tank and is well away

from buildings/footpaths. Score = 1

Tanker access: The tanker has access via a good but narrow road and has to manoeuvre around fanTI

machinery to access the fill point. Score =2

Spillages: There is no drainage system on the site and a significant sp ill on deli very could

escape down to the drainage ditch but most would soak into the rough ground before getting that

far. Score = 2

Weighting factor of 1 x total score 5 = 5 (Group A)

Venting systems: The vent pipe is situated immediately above the tank and is constructed of metal.

It does not have a VapOLLr recovety system, is situated well away from ign ition sources and is less

than three metres in he ight.

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

This is a low-hazard site for de livery but there is still the potential for something to go wrong and

consideration should be given to reducing the ri sk. A spill age could occur during delivery either as a

result of the tanker having to manoeuvre or during tile transfer. Any spi ll could reach the drainage

ditch but this is unlikely.

• •

•

The farm employee responsible for overseeing delivelY would benefit from written

instructions on what steps to follow fo r deli very and what to do in the event of an emergency;

Farm equipment should be cleared from the access route for the tanker so it can drive straight

in and swing round without reversing. If this cannot be done, tilen the site instructions for

delivery should iJlclude superv ised manoeuvring of the tanker;

Although spillage into the ditch is unlikely the potenti al increa e when winter cond iti ons

make the ground haTd. It wou ld be a sensib le precaution to create a barrier for any pill. In

this case, a trench could be dug ou t with the excavated soil fo rming a bank on its lower

side to capture ally spill before it reached the dJ·ainage ditch.

All employees should be made aware of these meaSLU·es to ensure that they recognise their

importance.

There should be no ignition sources around the vent pipe during delivety. In this case, although it

would be a good idea to increase the height of the pipe it would be suffic ient to ensure that the

employee overseeing the deli very is clearly instructed to exclude a ll other people from the vent area

while delivery is taking place.

STORAGE

The storage tank is undergroLUld alld situated away fro m buildings. Any leak cou ld penetrate to the

dTainage ditch but would not reach a populated area. Weighting fa ctor = 1

42

The tank is :

over 30 years old Score =3

of single skin steel construction Score = 3

Weighting factor of 1 x total Score of 6 = 6 (Group A)

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

The age and con truction of the tanks suggest that they are vulnerable to leaks but a leak would not

represent a significant safety ri sk because of the low volume stored, and any leak is unlikely to

escape from the farm. It would be sufficient to have a stock management system in vo lv ing the

dipping of tanks and recording of tileir contents. These record should show any discrepanc ie which

may be due to leakage. The Petroleum Licensing Authority should be consulted over the frequency

alld method of dipping.

Pll'EWORK

Because of the s ize and design of the installation the pipework runs are

very short. The weighti ng factor is as for storage. Weightillg factor =1

The lines are:

over 30 year old Score = 3

of ingle kin, steel construction Score =3

operate on a suction system Score = 1

Weighting factor of1 x total score of 7 = 7 (Group A)

What could go wrong? Should more be dOlle?

The system of stock management recommended for storage hou ld al 0 indi cate any di crepancie

w hich could be attributed to a leak in the pipework. AJ 0 , as the di pen er operates on a sucti on

system it will not prime if there is a leak. User hould be aware of this fact and report priming

difficulties.

DISPENSING

The site has a throughput of less than 500 000 litres per annum and less than ten people potentially

affected by the dispensing operation. Weighting factor = 1

Dispensers are electric and to no Stalldard Score =3

Vehicles are refuelled wholly on site Score = 1

Dispensers are more than fom metres from publiclbuildings Score = 1

Weighting factor of 1 x total score of 5 = 5 (Group B)

43

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

As the dispenser is not built to a BS or European Standard it may be less safe than a more modern

pump. However, there are very few people who dispense petrol, and provided adequate instruction

is given on how to dispense, including emergency procedures, the operation hould be relati vely safe.

G ENERAL

Thorough training, systems of work and proper documentation hould go a long way [0 providing

effective control on this site. All of these should be reviewed from ti me to time to ensu re that they

are understood and being adhered to. What to do if something does go wrong is a prime area for

instructions/training. An appropriate maintenance plan i also e sential.

44

EXAMPLE

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR A SMALL PETROL FILLING STATION IN A RURAL LOCATION

The attended service site is located on a typical quiet suburban road .

Constructed in the mid-fifties, the site was partially redeveloped in the late sixties when three additional tanks were installed. Due to the layout of the forecourt surface, water drains to a natmal hollow adjacent to one of the del ivery areas. Within ten metres of the rear of the site are hou e . This di tance wa paced out to give a rough mea ure. A it wa e tabli hed that it was well within the 30-metre criteria, accurate mea urement wa not nece ary.

Delivery points with standard lamp (ordinary

electrics)

Cii 0 LL

(NOlto scale)

« o 0::

Delivery (and venting)

Throughput averages 990 000 litres pia wi th less than ten people li ke ly to be affected should a fire or explosion occur during a road tanker delivery. Although there are two separate unloading positions, they are similar, a llowing a sing le assessment to be carried out for both . Weightillgfactor = 3

Location offill POilltS: Botb fill po ints are located more than 12 metres from a building of any kind . Score = 1

Tanker access: The tanker is who lly on the site, w ith no need to reverse. Score = 1

Sp illages: The below-ground fill points have good access and any large pills wou ld dra in to the natura l hollow, surrowlded by fie ld. Score = 1

Weighting factor of 3 x total score of 3 = 9 (Group A)

Venting: There are two vents, each venting to atmosphere, with outl ets over 3 metres from sources of ignition or open ings to buildings . Each is 4 metres in he ight (ie hi gher than the liqllid level in the road tanker) .

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

The natural lie of the forecourt dra ins any spillage to the relative safety o f the hollow adjacent to the tanks and no additional spillage controls are necessa lY in this case. With the con tant turnover of staff a training progranune is needed to ensure that staff upervising road tanker deli veri e are competent.

Also, the followin g recommendation are made:

• Adequate lighting should be provided at each de li very point for de li veries outside day li ght hours;

• The standard lamp within 3 metres of one of the fill points hould be suitably protected for a zoned area.

Storage

The two groups of tank warrant epa rate a e ment becau e of their age and eparate locations.

(a) Tanks I and 2 are 10 m from houses which do not have cellars . Weightillg fa ctor = 3

They are:

39 year old Score =3

single skin, steel construction Score =3

Weightillg factor of 3 x total score of 6 = 18 (Gro up B)

(b) Tanks 3, 4 and 5 are located more than 30 metres from any above or below-ground structure Weightillg factor = J

They are:

25 years old Score =2

single skin, steel construction Score =3

Weighting factor of 1 x total score of 5 = 5 (Group A)

46

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

(a) In view of their age, construction and proximity to the house it is important that any leaks are detected at an early stage.

In agreement with the loca l Petro leum Licen ing Authori ty, the operator currently has the tanks precision te ted evelY two years and carries out wetstock reconciliati on each working day.

In addition it wou ld be sen ible to provide observation wells between the tank and the house in to which monitoring eq uipment can be in erted at frequent intervals.

Alternatively the precision tests could de done annua ll y or the tanks used for storing other less hazardou products.

In the longer term the potentia l for the tanks to leak will increase with age and in future asse sment consideration should be g iven to e ither re lining or replac ing the tanks. Thi s could be at a safer location or in the ame place with a doub le skin tank(s) compl ete with interstitial monitoring.

(b) The operator preci ion tests the tanks at interval agreed with the Petroleu m Lieen· ing Authority and ca rries out wetstock reconciliation each working day.

Pipework

The age and loca ti on of the pipework associated with two eparate groups of tank warrant eparate asses ment.

(a) Part of the pipework as ociated with tanks I and 2 is within 30 metres of the house. Weightillg fa ctor = 3

They are:

39 ycars old Score = 3

ing lc kin , steel con [ruct ion Score = 3

operate on auction sy tem Score = J

Weightillg factor of3 x total score of 7 = 21 (Group B)

(b) The pipcwork a sociated with tanks 3, 4 and 5 is located more than 30 metre from any above or bclow-ground structure. Weightillgfactor = J

They are:

25 years old Score =2

si ngle ski n, steel construction Score =3

operate on a suction ystem Score = 1

Weightillg fa ctor of J x total score of 6 = 6 (Gro up A)

What could go wrOllg? Should more be dOlle?

(a) [n agreement with the local Petroleum Licensing Authori ty, the operator has the pipework (suction and vent) precision te ted every two year and also has to carry out a wetstock reconcili ation each working day.

47

The prov ision of observation wells for the tanks will a lso cover pall of the pipework. However, adequate control can be achieved by the fitting of under-pump check va lves whi ch will give immediate indi ca ti on of any problem in the pipes .

The longer term considerations for tanks I and 2 a lso apply to their a sociated pipework.

(b) The operator has the pipework (sucti on and vent) precision tested at interva l agreed with the Petro leum Licensing Authority and also ca rries out wetstock reconc iliat ion each working day.

Dispensing

Throughput at this attended service ite average 990000 li tres pia wi th les than ten people li kely to be affected hould a fire or explosion occur in the di pensing area. Weighting factor = 3

The four dispensers are a ll we ll maintained and are pre-SFA 3002 in standard.

Score = 2

There is suffic ient space on the forecowt for queuing vehicles which do not have to manoeuvre.

Score = J

The dispensers are located 6 metres from the footpath/road and 10 metre from a building of any kind . Score = J

Weighting factor of 3 x total score of4 = J 2 (Group 8)

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

The fo recourt su rround ing the dispenser islands i in need of repair to maintain the orig inal impervious surface .

A ll of the suggested improvements should be di cussed and agrecd with the loca l Petroleum Officer, including the timesca le involved.

EXAMPLE

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR A BUSY, CITY CENTRE, PETROL FILLING STATION

This site is located in an urban area which consists of mainly residential housing, although there is a econdary school ituated down the hill 36 metre from the ite. The road on which it is situated i a bu y main thoroughfare. Above ground the petrol tation ha a modern appearance, there is good access and egress from the ite, a car wash and a modern ale building. The site operates on a self-service ystem with six di pen er island and modern self-service dispen ers.

Although it i not obviou by looking at the site, it is built over a rail tunnel. Thi tunnel i under the di pensing area, but within 30 111 of the tank installation. The underground installation including tanks, line and drainage wa in tail ed 30 years ago.

t 0-

Houses - 0 E~

CD <.)

'" (f)

~ (f) co ~

Co u

-- -_ .. _----------------------- --- ---- ,

~ ~

1

(f) OJ "iii CfJ

i!!

i ~ ~ !!! Q; (f) '= 0 """ (5 c

~ o ~ I :t: "0 0 co

0

~ ~ a::

Train tunnel ----.. -------!- • -I --- -- ----- - - ---- ---- - ---- - ----------- - -

D D ~ O

(f)

""" c co "0 J!l >

D f-

D co co e u:: c ·iii ::;;

Houses ~ (NoIIO scale)

Delivery (and venting)

The site has a throughput in excess of 5 million lio'es and could affect more than J 00 people (the schoo l) if something went wrong with the delivery. Weighting fa ctor = 5

Location offill points: More than 6 metres from a build ing. S core = 1

Tanker access : Who lly on site, with no need to rever e Score = 1

Sp illages : The product may leave the site and run downhill toward the schoo l as a drainage channel has not been prov ided and the separator i of o ld brick construction with limited storage capacity.

Score = 4

Weighting factor of 5 x total score of 6 = 30 (Grollp C)

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

The measmes to be taken at thi s site are limi ted to controlling any spillage. The additional ri k is the school down the hill from the tation a a large pi llage could run off the si te towards the choo l.

The site has a high staff turnover and the operator needs to ensure that sta Ff are well and con istently trained regarding deli veries. The operator can a lso con ider reschedul ing hi s de li veri es outs ide the normal operating hours of the chool, unt il the site improves its drai nage and in ta ll a full retention ill terceptor.

The vent stack is situated in the middle of the site away fro m hou e and electrica l equi pment, i 6 metres hi gh and should not pose a hazard.

Storage

The tanks are po itioned c lo e to the ra il tunne l. Weighting fa ctor = 5

They are:

over 30 years old Score =3

sing le kin, steel construction S core =3

Weighting fa ctor of 5 x total score of 6 = 30 (GrollI' C)

What could go wrong? Should more be done?

In thjs case the age of the tanks and their method of construction increases the like lihood of a leak. Their po ition so close to the tunnel means that a leak is almo t certain to enter the tunnel, which ha e lectrifi ed lines.

The insta llati on has the potential for cau ing a major acci dent and therefore se riou consideration should be given to e ither re lining the tanks with a double skin lining wi th a leak detection ystem or replacing them with double skin ta nks. The occupier shoul d diseu the time- ca le fo r alterations with the PetroleWll Licensing Authori ty, but in the interim a stri ct ystem of work should be adopted to mo ni to r fo r product loss on a daily bas is.

Pipework

The pi pework runs fro m the tanks to the pumps, immedia te ly over the tunnel. T he tan ks are fill ed from remote fi ll points. Weightillg fa ctor = 5

They are:

31 year o ld Score = 3

sing le skin, ga lva ni sed steel Score = 3

operate on a suction system Score = I

Weighting fa ctor of 5 x total score of 7 = 35 (Gro up C)

What could go wrong? Shollld more be don.e?

The positi on of the li ne within I metre of the tunnel top is aga in a maj or problem and they hould be considered in the same way as the tan ks. The lines should ultimately be re placed with a doubl e skin system monitored by a leak detecti on system. In the in terim the sy tem of work recommended fo r the tanks will g ive early warning of leaks .

Dispensing

The throughput i over 5 mi lli on lio·es. Weighting fa ctor = 5

T he di penseI' are a ll BS 711 7. Score = 1

Vehicles refuelled on site. Score = J

T he dispensers are sited more than 4 metres fro m road and 6 meo'e from buildings. Score = I

Weighting factor of 5 x total score of 3 = 15 (GrollI' B)

What could go wrong? Should more be dOlle?

No additi ona l contro l are con idered nece ary.

APPENDIX 4: Relevant legislation

Key legislation

Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 HMSO ISBN 0 105437743 Thi Act places a general duty on employers to ensure the safety of both employees and other people from the ri sks arising from the work activity, so far a is reasonab ly practicab le.

Petrolewl'l (Consolidation) Act i 928 HM SO I BN 0 II 8034332 The keeping of petrol is covered by the Petroleum (Con olidation) Act 1928. Thi Act req uires that the keeping of petrol must be authori sed by a licence. Although HS E has policy re pon ibili ty, enforcement, the issue of a licence and the setting of any conditions attached to it are the responsibi lity of Petroleum Licensing Authorities (PLAs) . In general, licensing authori ties are the Fi re and Civil Defence Authorities in the fo rmer Metropo li tan Authori ties; County Councils or Uni t3ly Authorities elsewhere in England and Wa les; and the Counci ls, Islands and Isles Counci l in Scotland . However, licensing fa ll to statutolY harbou r authorities for harbour areas and to the H Eat any site wh ich is subject to the Notificat ion of Insta ll ations Hand ling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982.

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 SI 1992/205 1 HMSO ISB 0 II 025051 6 These Regul ations set more specific requirements on the management of hea lth and safety. These include duties to in troduce effective planning, organi sation, control, mon itoring and review, all ba ed on an adequate r isk assessment; appointment of competent per ons; prov ision of information to employee and contractors; train ing; and procedures in the event of imminent danger. An Approved Code of Practice upports the Regulation .

Enforcement responsibilities

Petroleum Licensing Authorities (PLAs) are responsibl e for enforcing:

• •

•

The issue of licences and licence conditi on under the PetroleulII (Collsolidation) Act i 928:

the unloading of petrol from road tankers at li ccnsed premises under Regulation 25 and Schedule 4 of the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers alld Tank Containers) Regulations 1992;

the unl oad ing of petrol fi'om road tankers at liccnscd premises under Sections 2 to 8 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act i 974 (currently undcr review).

Loca l Authority Environmental Hea lth Departmcnts arc responsible for enforcing:

• The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 at pctrol filling-stations and other loca l authori ty enforced premi e except for Section 6 (HSE responsibility) and Sections 2 to 8 (current ly under rev iew) when a road tanker is unl oading petrol (PLA re pon ibility).

I-ISE is responsible for enforci ng:

• The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 at prem ises other than those where it is the responsibility of the loca l authority and at sites which comc under the ontrol of industrial Major Accident Ha::ards Regulations 1984 and is the petroleum licensing and enforcing authority at sites which come under the Notification of installations Handling Ha::ardous Substances Regulatiolls 1982.

• Section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 at loca l authori ty enforced premises, except during the unloading of petrol fro m a road tanker (PLA respons ib ility).

Other legislation

Petroleum-Spirit (Motor Vehicles etc) Regulat ions 1929 SI 1929/952 [SBN 0 I I 1001 95 I

Petro leum-Spirit (Plastic Containers) Regulations 1982 SI 1982/63 ISBN 0 I I 0266307

The Public Hea lth Act 196 1 (Section 73) ISB 0 10 8502 147 and the Civic Govemment (Scotl and) Act 1982 (Section 94) ISB 0 10 544582 7

Road Traffic ( arriage of Dangerous Substances in Packages etc) Regulat ions 1992 (currently undcr review) SI 19921742 ISB 0 II 0237420

CalTiage of Dangerous Good by Road and Rail (C lass ification, Packaging and Labelling) Regu lations 1994 (currentl y under review) SI 1994/669 ISB 0 II 0436695

Safety Signs Regulation 19 0 I 1980/ 147 1 I BN 0 II 00747 1 8

Chemi ca ls (Haza rd Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 ( HI P2) I 199413247 ISBN 0 I I 043 77 9

Prov ision and U e of Work Equ ipment Regulations 1992 S.I 1992/2932 HMSO ISBN 0 II 0258495

Reporti ng of Inj uries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 1995 SI 1995/3 163 11 M 0 ISBN 0 I I 05375 1 3

Control of Sub tances Hazardou to Hea lth Regulations 1994 SI 1994/3246 HM 0 I BN 0 I I 04372 1 7

Electricity at Work Regulations 19 9 SI 1989/635 HMSO ISB 0 II 096635 X

Factorie Act 196 1 HM 0 I BN 0 10 8500276 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Prcmi c Act 1963 I BN 0 10 50 I I I 6

Hea lth and Safety (Enforcing Authority) Regulati ons 1989 SI 1989/1903 HMSO ISB 0 t I 0979036

Workplace (Hca lth , afcty and Wclfare) Regulations 1992 SI 1992/3004 HMSO I BN 0 II 0340493

Electricity uppl y Rcgul at ion 1988 (and Amendment 1990) SI 1990/390 HM SO 1 B 0 I I 0033906

Fire Precautions Act 197 1 I-lM SO ISB 0 10 54407 1 X

afety Rcprc entativcs and afcty Committees Regulat ions 1977 SI 1977/500 HM 0 I BN 0 II 0705009

Environmental Protcction Act 1990 ISBN 0 10 544390 5

APPENDIX 5: Other sources of advice and further reading

The APEAlIP code of practice for the design, construction and operation of petrol filling stations available in 1996, enq uiri es to: The Admi nistrator, Association for Petroleum and Explosives Adm inistration, PO Box 2, Hadleigh, Suffo lk I P7 5SF

The storage of flammable liquids in fixed tanks (up to 10 000 m3 total capacity) HS(G)50 HSE Books 1990 [SBN 0 11 885532 8

The storage of flammable liquids in containers HS(G)5 1 HSE Books 1990 ISBN 0 7 176 048 1 0

Successful health and safety management HS(G)65 HSE Books 199 1 [SBN 0 7176 0425 X

Health and safety in motor vehicle repair HS(G)67 HSE Book 199 1 ISBN 0 II 88567 1 5

Electricity at work: Safe working practices HS(G)85 HSE Books 1993 ISBN 0 7 1760442 X

Memorandum of guidance on Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 HS(R)25 HS E Books 1989 ISBN 0 I I 883963 2

BS 767 1: 1992 lEE Electrical Wiring Regulations

BS 5345 Code of practice for the selection and maintenance of electrical equipment for II e in potentially explosive atmospheres

Cleaning and gas freeing of tanks containingflammable residues HSE Book 1985 ISBN 0 II 8835 18 I

Guide to the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1996 L 73 HSE Books 1996 ISBN 0 7176 10 128

Plastic containers with nominal capacities up to jive litresfor petroleum spirit: Requirementsfor testing and marking or labelling COP6 HSE Books 1982 ISBN 0 I I 883643 9

Managing health and safety at work. Management of Hea lth and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 . Approved Code of Practice L2 1 HSE Books 1992 [SBN 0 7 176 04 12 8

Workplace health safety and welfare. Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992. Approved Code of Practice and guidance L24 HS E Books 1992 [SBN 0 7 176 04 13 6

[nstitute of Petroleum code of practice relevant to the design and construction of petro l filling-stati on available from the Institute of Petroleum, 6 1 New Cavendish Street, London WI M 8AR:

Model code of safe practice: Part I - Electrical safety code; Part 15 - Area classification code for petroleum installations

Code of practice fo r driver controlled deliveries to premi 'es licensed for the storage of petroleum spirit

Guidelines for the design and operations of gasoline vapour emis ions controls

Pe/!ormance specification for un.derground pipe work systems at petrol filling-stations

54

APPENDIX 6: Glossary of terms

Attendant operated. Where an attendant directly operates and controls the di pensing equipment and the di charge nozzle.

Allended self-service. Where customers operate the di spensing equipment which is activated, supervised and may be shut off in an emergency by an attendant in a contro l point.

Automatic safety nozzle. A device for contro ll ing the flow of fue l during a dispensing operation, which automatica lly switches itse lf off and stops the flow of petro l when the liquid level ri ses above the spout.

Automatic Statistical In ventory Reconciliation (ASIR). A system of leak detection for tanks and pipework. It uti lises a tank gaug ing system which is linked to dispensers and automatica lly reconci le the product withdrawals to the deliveries, and thus provides a reliable indication of any leakagc in tanks and pipe sy tems.

Bunding. An enclosed wa ll system to retain spi lt liq u id .

Check valve. A type of non-return va lve used in suction lines wh ich prevents petro l fa ll ing back from the line into the tank and so keep the ystem primed.

Commissioning. The work to prepare a new site or new equipment ready for use including testing or equipment and preparing written instructions, initia l training etc.

Competent person. A person with enough practical and theoretical knowledge, training and actual ex perience to carry out a particular task sa fe ly and effectively. The per on should have the necessary abili ty in the particular operation of the type of plant and equipment with which he or she is concerned, an understanding of relevant mtutory requirements and an appreciation of the hazards Lnvolved. That per on hou ld also be able to recogni e the need for specialist advice or ass istance when necessary, and to a se's the

importance of the result orexaminations and tests in the light of their purpose. A ' person' can be taken to mea n more than one, or a body corporate or incorporate. It is therefore possi ble to appoint appropriate orga nisa ti ons (eg insurance companies or inspection bodies) to carry out tasks designated for competent p CI' on .

Constant monitoring. See monitoring ys tem.

Control point . A po ition in a kiosk or other building at an attended elf-service s ite from which an attendant can adcquately vicw and upervise acti vities at the dispensing equipment, act ivate the equipment and hut it off in an emergency.

om·ole. A contro l unit conta ining switche , keys or imilar e lement to control the operation and authori ation of petrol dispensers on service stations.

Dipping. heck ing the level of the contents of a tank( ) by means of dip tick.

Dispenser (Metering pump). A measuring system de igned to draw fue l rTOIll a supply tank and di pen e it into fuel tanks or approved containers.

Double skin tank/pipe (a lso double wall). A storage lank whi ch is es ent ia llya tank within a tank or pi pe within a pipe, with a ma ll space between the two. This space i ca lled the interstice into which monitoring equipment can be fitted to continua lly monitor for leaks.

Emergency cut-oJJswitch. A witching device for quick opcration in cascs o f emergency to disconnect the e lectrica l supply to all dispensers.

Equipment. Any machinery, pipework or dev ice forming pal1 of the site insta llation.

Fail-safe ove/jill prevention device. A device or system des igned to automatica lly shut off and prevent a deli very of fuel overfilling a tank (or compartment of a tank) beyond its maximum working capacity.

55

Fill point. The inlet through which the storage tank is filled from a road tanker.

Filling-station. Pre mi ses at whi ch petro l is sold to the public and is di spensed into the fue l tanks of motor vehicles or into containers.

Flame arrester. A device fitted to the opening of a petro l tank vent pipe to prevent fl ame entering the vent pipe and tank.

Full retention interceptor. A device insta lled in a surface water drainage system to separate out any petrol and thus prevent it reaching public drains, sewers or water courses and which has a capacity to reta in an amount of petrol equiva lent to a full de li veJy tanker compartment.

CRP. Glass re info rced pl asti c.

Hazard. Anything that can cause harm .

!-Iazardous area. A n area where fl ammable or ex plo ive gas or vapour-air mixtures (often re ferred to as ex plosive ga -air mixture) are, or may be expected to be, present in quantiti es which require special preca utions to be taken aga inst the ri sk of ignition .

Interceptor (also known as Separator). A device insta ll ed in a surface water dra inage system to separate out any petrol and thus prevent it reaching public dra ins, sewer or water courses.

Interstitial. The spa.ce between the inner and outer kins of a double skinned pipe or tank.

Latched safety nozzle. A device for controlling the fl ow of fue l during a di spensing operation whi ch ca n be locked into the ' on' position and left unattended.

Leak alarm system. A device which i capable of tri ggering an audib le and/o r visua l a larm in the event o f a leak be ing detected .

Maximum working capacity. The safe working capac ity o f a storage tank is de fin ed a 97% a de fin ed in Schedu le 4 of the Road Tra ffic (Ca rri age of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers and Tank Containers) Regul ations 1992

Monitoring system. An automati c system capable of detec ting loss o f product from tanks or pipework and providing warning o f this.

Monitoring well. An observa tion well with monitoring equipment insta ll ed in the well to automatica ll y sound an alarm if a lea k enters the well .

Non-combustible IIlaterial . Material whi ch can be class ifi ed as non-combustible when tested for non­combust ibili ty in accordance with BS 476 Pa114. Alternati ve ly, materia l which when te ted in accordancc with BS 476 Pm1 11 does not fl ame and gives no ri se in temperature on either the centre (specimen) or furn ace thermocouples.

Nozzle. A device fo r contTo lling the fl ow of fue l during a di spensing operation.

Observation well. A slotted or screened tube or pipe, pos iti oned vertica lly in the ground around an underground storage insta ll ation, that permits an operator to check conditi ons in the excavation to determine whether there may be a leak in the insta llation.

Off-set fi lling pipe. The fillin g point for a storage tank which is remote from the tank it fill s.

Overfill prevention device. A device or system designed to automati ca ll y shut off and prevent a deli very o f fu el overfilling a tank (or compal1ment of a tank) beyond its max imum working capacity.

Petrol or petroleum-spirit . Petro leum which, when tested in accordance with the Petroleum (Conso lidation) Act 1928, has a fl ash point of less than 2 1°C.

Petroleum LicenSing Authority. See Appendix 4, Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928.

56

Petroleum Officer/Petroleum Licensing Officer. A person acting on behalf o f the Licensing Authori ty who is empowered to inspect and take enforcement acti on under the Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928 .

Pipework. All pipes, lines and fitt ings designed to carry petro l and petrol vapour.

Precision testing . Any tank tightnes test which, taking into accoun t the therma l ex pansion o f the product being stored, evaporati ve losses, the compressibili ty and therma l expansion of a ny other medium being used, and the effects of any other variabl es including groundwater level and the prope rties of the medium surround ing the tank, is capable of detecting a leak rate of 380ml/hr with a probabili ty o f at least 95% while operating at a fa lse alarm rate of 5% or less .

Pressure system. Where petrol is pumped from the storage tank under pressure to the di spenser.

Reasonably practicable. The degree of ri sk in a palti cular j ob or workpl ace needs to be ba lanced aga inst the time, troublc, cost and phys ical di ffi cul ty of taking measures to avoid or reduce the ri k.

Remote switch. A switching device located in a safe area to di sconnect the electrical supply to each di penser.

Risk. The like lihood that someone w ill be harmed by a hazard .

pecijication fo r electrical equipment. All e lectrica l equipment to be used in hazardous areas mu t have been constructed to a suitable expl osion protection standard and be celtified as such by a cel1ifi ca ti on body.

Stage I b vapour recovelY system. A system designed to capture the vapours di splaced from ins ide thc storage tank during petrol de li ve ri es. The system prevents the vapour from escaping into the a ir, and a llows it to be returncd to the road tanker via a vapour return hose.

Stage 2 vapour recovery system. A system designed to capture the va pours di spl accd from inside the vehi c le fu el tank during petro l di spensing. Thi s system in vol ves specia l adaptati on to the in tall a ti on to re turn the vapour to the underground storage tank.

uction :,ystem. Where petro l is pumped from the storage tank by a pump fitted at the di spcn er.

Siphon system. The system of mani fo lding two underground storage tanks, whic h automati ca ll y tran fer petro l from one tank to the other until the liquid level is the same in both (used ma inly with submerged pumping systems).

Unallended selj:service. A fillin g station where di spensing equ ipment is acti va ted and operated by cu ·tomcr wi thout supervision by an attendant.

Under pump valve . A check va lve positioned under the di penseI' in suct ion systems. T hi s position will provide ca rl y warning of the presence ofa leak.

Unlatched safety nozzle. A device for contro ll ing the fl ow of fue l during a di pensing operation whi ch cannot be locked into the 'on' pos ition unless manua l pressure is ma intained on the trigger.

Vapo ur. Gaseous material re leased from a liquid by evaporation.

Vapo ur recovelY system. A method of capturing petro l vapour during petro l tra nsfer operati ons (see stage I b and stage 2 vapour recoveJy) .

Weighting./Clctor. The num ber by whi ch you multiply the tota l score fo r each potentia lly haza rdous acti vity to help ensure that the overa ll result fa irl y represcnts the ci rcumstances a t a particular s ite.

Wetstock. The amount of petrol stored in a tank at any given point.

Wetstock management. Systems for checking and keeping records of the petro l stored and d ispensed and comparing the two to identi fy any discrepancies which might indica te an uncx pla incd loss of petro l.

Zone . The class ified part of a hazardous area representing the degree of like lihood of explos ive gas-a ir mixtures being present.

r. 1

APPENDIX 7: Acknowledgements

HSE Petroleum Working Party members:

HSE

United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association

Petrol Retailers Association

Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers

Trade Union Congress

Association of County Councils

Association of Metropolitan Authorities

Gilbarco Ltd

Petroleum Licensing Authorities:

London Fire & Civil Defence Authority

West Yorkshire Fire & Civil Defence Authority

Gloucestershire Trading Standards Department

Warwickshire Trading Standards Department

Humberside Trading Standards Department

Site operators:

The 89 site operators who participated in the pilot for thi s guidance.

Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive C150 1/96