Disease Control in the Home Vegetable Garden

8/9/2019 Disease Control in the Home Vegetable Garden

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Powdery Mildew

Canker

Wilt

Stem Blight

Root Rot

Root Knot

Crown Galls

Fruit

Rot

Leaf Spots

Leaf

Blight

PB1215

Agricultural Extension Service

The University of Tennessee

Disease

Controlthe

Home

Vegetable

Garden

in



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Table of Contents

PageCultural Methods of Vegetable Disease Control _________________________________3Garden Site Selection _____________________________________________________ 3Soil Tillage _____________________________________________________________ 3Crop Rotation ___________________________________________________________3Sanitation ______________________________________________________________ 3Disease-free Seed and Transplants ___________________________________________4Seed Treatments _________________________________________________________4Planting Dates __________________________________________________________4Mulches _______________________________________________________________ 4Staking or Trellising _____________________________________________________ 4Watering_______________________________________________________________ 5Use of Resistant Varieties _________________________________________________ 5

Proper Plant Spacing _____________________________________________________5Avoid Use of Tobacco Products ______________________________________________ 5Proper Fertilization ______________________________________________________ 5Insects as Related to Vegetable Disease Control_________________________________ 5Nematode Control ________________________________________________________ 5Pesticides and Vegetable Disease Control______________________________________ 6Fungicides _____________________________________________________________ 6Pesticide Mixing and Spraying ______________________________________________ 6Outline For Control of Vegetable Diseases _____________________________________ 7Common Names And Trade Names of Chemicals for Controlling Disease of Vegetables ____ 17Pesticide Safety ________________________________________________________ 18

Foreword

Control of vegetable pests (diseases, insects, weeds) involves a total production program that in-cludes both chemical and non-chemical means of pest control. The establishment of a healthy, vigor-ous crop is central to a successful pest control program. Production practices such as maintainingproper soil pH and fertility are helpful in reducing potential losses from all types of pests.

This publication deals mainly with chemical and biological pest control, because these recommen-dations change more often than do cultural practices. Cultural practices of pest control are extremelyimportant and are addressed throughout the publication.



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Disease Controlin the Home

Vegetable Garden

Cultural Methods

of Vegetable Disease Control

Most vegetables are susceptible to one ormore diseases. You can, therefore, anticipatedisease problems sooner or later in your veg-etable garden. By following good cultural prac-tices and taking preventive measures, yourchances of garden failure due to disease prob-lems can be reduced.

Garden site selection is important to pro-duce high yields of healthy vegetables. Trying togrow vegetables on a poor site is one of themain causes of garden failure. Although fewpeople will have ideal garden sites, they should

select the best site available.Garden sites should not be within the

dripline of large trees. Avoid planting near blackwalnut trees, since they produce a root sub-stance that is toxic to certain vegetables, espe-cially tomatoes. The garden site should beslightly sloped to provide good water and airdrainage through the soil.

Excess soil moisture can damage vegetableroots, as well as promote root diseases caused bycertain fungi. Air movement through the gardenis also important to help dry the foliage, thus

reducing the chances of fungal and bacterialinfections. Garden sites with good air drainageare less likely to be damaged by late frosts.Most garden vegetables require full sunlight formaximum production. Sunlight also hastensdrying of foliage.

Soil tillage should be done early enough,prior to planting, to allow decomposition of raw

organic matter such as manure or green plantmaterial. This usually requires about six weeksunder warm temperatures and longer at lowtemperatures. Organic material that has not

decomposed can be a source of disease organismsand can also promote development of certaindiseases such as root and stem rots. Applyingnitrogen fertilizer before plowing or tilling greenplant material into the soil will hasten its de-composition.

Crop rotation will help prevent the build upof disease-causing organisms in the soil. Somedisease-causing organisms affect one vegetableor group of vegetables, but may not affect an-other. Several vegetables of the same family,such as squash, cucumbers and cantaloupes, may

be affected by the same disease. Therefore, it isnot a good practice to grow plants of the samefamily in rotation. Table 1 gives crop groupingsfor rotation to control soil-borne diseases. Atleast a three-year rotation is suggested forvegetable crops.

Sanitation is very important in controllingvegetable diseases. Many disease-causing organ-isms survive the winter in plant debris, cullfruit or plant stubble left in the garden. Anypractice that will eliminate these overwinteringsites for fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodeswill reduce the occurrence of disease problemsthe following year.

Removal or plowing-under of crop stubbleand trash helps destroy overwintering popula-tions of disease organisms. Some disease-causingorganisms are able to survive the off season oncontaminated equipment or containers. Equip-ment that has been used in disease-infested

Elizabeth A. Long, Associate Extension Specialist

Entomology and Plant Pathology



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Table I. Crop Grouping for Rotation to Control Soil-borne Diseases

Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F

Cantaloupe Brussels Eggplant Beet Sweet corn All beansCucumbers sprouts Irish potato Carrot CowpeasHoneydew Cabbage Okra Garlic Peas

melon Cauliflower Pepper OnionPumpkin Collard Tomato ShallotSquash Lettuce Sweet potatoWatermelon Mustard

RadishRutabagaSpinachSwiss chardTurnip

vegetable gardens or containers used in handling

diseased vegetables should be disinfested beforebeing used again.Disease-free seed and transplants are a

must in vegetable production. Seed should not besaved from diseased plants. Always buy seedfrom a reputable dealer, since you normallycannot tell from their external appearance if seed are contaminated with disease-causingorganisms.

Certain geographical areas, such as the aridwestern states, can produce disease-free seedbecause of climatic conditions. Seed from these

areas should be stipulated in your seed orders.Gardeners starting their crop from transplantsshould, likewise, insist on disease-free plants.

Seed treatments vary, depending on thecrop as well as the disease to be controlled.Some disease-causing organisms are carried onthe surface of seed and can be controlled by asimple fungicide treatment. Fungicides are noteffective against those organisms carried be-neath the seed coat.

Fungicides applied to seed also give young

seedlings some protection from soil-borne diseaseorganisms as they germinate and emerge. Suchtreatments, however, do not control organismsthat attack the plant after the seedling stage.

A seed treatment is usually applied by thecompany from which the seed is purchased.Home-grown seed can be treated at home withrelative ease. Thiram or Captan fungicides canbe used as seed treatments on most vegetable

crops. Use these protectant fungicides according

to instructions on the label. For small quantitiesof seed, such as packets, apply sufficient fungi-cide to coat the seed surface. Simply place asmall quantity (comparable to the size of amatch head) in the packet, reclose and shake tocoat the seed with the fungicide.

Planting dates can be an effective tool inreducing diseases of vegetables. Okra, for in-stance, requires warm soil for good germinationand growth. If planted when the soil is still cold,the seeds will rot, or if they do germinate, theywill probably develop damping-off or stem rot.

Some crops, such as corn and beans, should beplanted as early as the weather permits toescape severe virus infections. Aphids thattransmit viruses are usually at lower populationlevels early in the season.

Mulches can be used to conserve moisture,keep fruit clean and prevent diseases. Mulchesreduce fruit rot on crops, such as strawberries,tomatoes, squash, cucumbers and melons bypreventing direct contact with the soil. Mulchingwill reduce splashing of soil onto lower fruit and

foliage by rain.Staking or trellising tomatoes, pole or half runner beans and cucumbers will prevent soilcontact with the foliage and fruit. Air circula-tion will be better if these plants are trellised,thus promoting better drying of foliage andreducing diseases. Pesticides can be more effec-tively applied to trellised plants.



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Watering can influence the development andseverity of many foliage diseases. Wet foliage isfavorable for the development of most diseases.To reduce infections, apply irrigation water tothe soil rather than the foliage. If water must beapplied to the foliage, then it should be done inlate morning or mid-afternoon to allow thefoliage to dry before evening.

Maintaining uniform soil moisture can re-duce problems such as blossom end rot of pep-pers and tomatoes. Excessive soil moisture canresult in increased root and stem rot diseases. Itis best to work in the garden when the foliage isdry to reduce disease spread. Bacterial diseasesof tomatoes, beans and other crops are readilyspread on hands and clothing of workers whenthe foliage is wet.

Use of resistant varieties is one of the mosteconomical ways of controlling vegetable dis-

eases. Resistant varieties should be used inareas where diseases are present or where thesoil is known to be infested with disease-causingorganisms. Resistant varieties should be usedeven when rotation is practiced.

Extension publication SP 277-K, “ Disease

Resistance in Recommended Vegetable Varieties

for Home Gardens,” gives additional informationon recommended vegetable varieties and theirresistance to various diseases. Home gardenersshould consult their seed catalogs for informa-tion on varieties of vegetables with disease

resistance.Proper plant spacing is very important in

vegetable crops. Humid or wet conditions occurif plants are crowded and unable to dry quickly.Many disease organisms require moisture toinfect plants. Blossom blight of okra and squashand fruit rot of strawberries are encouraged bydense foliage. Also, pesticides will not penetratethrough this canopy of foliage.

Avoid using tobacco while working intobacco mosaic susceptible crops, such as tomato

and pepper. Tobacco mosaic virus is carried intobacco products and is easily transmitted tosusceptible vegetables on workers’ hands. Work-ers should wash their hands thoroughly in soapand water after handling tobacco and beforethey work with tobacco mosaic susceptibleplants.

Proper fertilization helps prevent vegetablediseases. Have your soil tested and apply fertil-

izer accordingly. Some soils will need applica-tions of minor elements to produce certain veg-etable crops. The soil pH should be adjusted tosuit the particular vegetables you plan to grow.

Insects as Related to

Vegetable Disease Control

Insect control can reduce the spread of dis-eases in the garden. Cucumber beetles cantransmit bacterial wilt, flea beetles are a sourceof Stewart’s wilt of corn and aphids transmitnumerous virus diseases. Insects also causeinjuries that serve as entry sites for diseaseorganisms. Vegetables should be checked regu-larly for insects, with insecticides applied asneeded. In some situations, beneficial insects

will control insect pests. Gardeners should beable to distinguish insect pests from beneficialinsects.

Nematode Control

Nematode control is important in growinggarden vegetables. Nematodes are microscopic,soil-inhabiting, round worms that can become aserious problem in vegetable production. They

injure vegetables by feeding on their root sys-tem, causing decay or galling. The most commonnematode that attacks garden vegetables is theroot knot nematode, so-called because of theknots it causes on roots of certain vegetablecrops. Cultural practices that aid in diseasecontrol will also help prevent or control nema-tode damage to vegetable crops. See ExtensionPublication SP 341-L, “ Nematode Control in the

Home Garden," for more information on nema-todes and their control.

Rotations that include non-susceptible crops,

such as grass, will help reduce nematode popula-tions. Resistant varieties are available in somevegetables. Fallow cultivation and destruction of plant stubble after harvest will also help controlnematodes. These cultural practices are notalways feasible due to limited land available fora garden. In such situations it may be necessaryto fumigate the garden soil to kill the nema-todes. Unfortunately, there are presently no



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Never attempt to use dust formulations of fungi-cides in spray solutions. Dusts will not suspendin the spray solution. Wettable powder formula-tions may appear similar to dusts, but they areformulated to be suspended in spray solutions.

Foliar sprays will aid in controlling leaf spots, rusts, mildews, anthracnose and fruit rots.Foliar sprays are not effective against vascularwilts or root rots. Foliar sprays are protectants,because they form a protective layer of fungicideover the surface of the fruit and foliage. Diseaseagents (bacteria and fungi) that land on thesefungicide-coated surfaces are killed or preventedfrom infecting the plant.

Most fungicides are not effective in inhibit-ing disease organisms once they have infected aplant. It is imperative that foliar fungicides beapplied prior to infection of the plant. A sprayschedule should be followed that maintains a

protective fungicide layer on the foliage andfruit during favorable infection periods. Bycarefully monitoring their vegetables, somegardeners can usually delay the first fungicideapplication until the first sign of disease. Then a7-14 day spray schedule should be followed.During rainy or humid weather, spray applica-tion intervals should be shortened.

Proper pesticide mixing and sprayingplays a very important part in achieving diseasecontrol. Most home gardeners will find a 1-2gallon compressed-air sprayer adequate for

applying foliar sprays. A nozzle with a conepattern will provide the most effective coverageof plant foliage. Keep the pressure up to insuresmall spray particle size and good coverage.

Sprayers should be cleaned and rinsed aftereach use. Hose-end sprayers are not very effec-tive in applying fungicides to vegetables. Neveruse the same sprayer for fungicides and insecti-cides that has been used for herbicides. Residuesof certain types of herbicides are very difficult toremove from sprayers. These residues may cause

crop injury if a herbicide-contaminated sprayeris used in applying fungicides or insecticides.Homeowners should protect themselves

when mixing or applying pesticides.Always read the label for use directions

and precaution statements.As of spring 1992, the Environmental Protec-

tion Agency is requiring that all mancozeb,maneb and metiram product registrations and

available chemicals (nematicides) for use in thehome garden.

A nematode testing service is availablethrough The University of Tennessee Agricul-tural Extension Service. The fee is $5 persample. The test requires a pint of moist soilfrom the suspect area. Mail samples in plasticbags to: Plant and Pest Diagnostic Center, 5201Marchant Dr., Nashville, TN 37211-5112 (UPSor Fedex use 37220 Zip Code). County Extensionpersonnel can assist you with collecting appro-priate samples and in interpreting test results.

Pesticides and


Fungicides can be a great help in preventing

diseases when properly applied to the plantfoliage. Since fungicides are preventive, theyshould be applied before the disease occurs, or assoon as the first symptoms of disease appear.Some vegetable diseases require specific fungi-cides for their control. An outline of diseases of specific vegetables, disease description, suggestedcultural and chemical control and commentsfollows this section.

Fungicides are available primarily as wet-table powders, dry flowables and dusts, but afew are sold as emulsifiable concentrates,

flowables and liquids. Wettable powders (WP)and dry flowable (DF) are formulated in such amanner as to be readily suspendable in water.Dusts (D) should not be mixed in water, butapplied directly to the plant. Emulsifiable con-centrate (EC) fungicides contain an emulsifyingagent that makes them readily suspendable inwater. Flowable (F) fungicides are finely groundwettable powders that are suspended in a liquid.

Some soil fungicides are available as gran-ules and are applied in the furrow at planting.Dust and spray fungicides may also be used asin-furrow treatments for seedling disease control.

Table II gives trade names and rates of broadspectrum fungicides for controlling foliar dis-eases of vegetables. Applying foliar fungicides tovegetables is best done by spraying, because itprovides coverage of all plant surfaces. Foliarfungicides are available in dust formulations,but dusts are usually not as effective as sprays.



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Outline for Control of Vegetable Diseases

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-esaesidesU.slavretniyad41-7ta

gnuoyeru jninacreppoC(.deeseerf

.)stnalp




11



etamixorppA


D'TNOCREBMUCUC


.sevael

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst3-5.1

PSBT3-2

pst4-2

0

5

5



etauqedanaf iesaesidf ongistsrif

.deniatniamsinedragf oyevrusthgilBmetSymmuG .stopsf aelralucric,nworB

htiwsmetsnosk carC

.ezooymmug

tliWlairetcaB laudividninostratS

ehtyllautnevednasrennur

.seiddnastliwtnalperitne

lortnocotedicitcesniylppA

ehtdaerpshcihw,selteebrebmucuc

teehstcaf noisnetxEeeS.esaesid

lortnoctcesniehtdnaC-772PS

.noitacilbupsihtf onoitces


.sevaelf oecaf rus

ruf luS snoitceridgf m 0 dnaesaesidf ongistsrif taylppA


deecxeserutarepmetf iruf lusylppa

.F09

bacS .tiurf nostopsnek nuS F45linolahtorolhC pst3-2 0 .elbaliavaylediwseiteiravtnatsiseR

dnaesaesidf ongistsrif taylppA

.slavretniyad01-7tataeper

TNALPGGE

,sthgilBf aeL

stoRtiurF

sevaelnopolevedstopS

.stiurf dna

reppocdexiF

PW08benaM

snoitceridgf m

pst4-3

0

0

esaesiderof ebgniyarpsnigeB

.sraeppa

)DRALLOCEES(ELAK

)DRALLOCEES(DRATSUM

ARKO

thgilBdoP otliaf sdopgnuoY

.etaroireteddnapoleved

detaicossasithgilbsihtsemitynaM

sugnuf ehT.noitanilloproophtiw

srewolf ehtsk cattaarohpenaohC

riadooggnidivorP.sdopgnuoydna

noitcef nitneverpplehlliweganiard

.arohpenaohCyb

edotameNtonk -tooR toordellag,nellowS

.metsys

edotamennoevobanoitceseeS

.lortnoc

tliWmuillicitreV .sevaelf ogniwolleY

evahlliwmetsf oedisnI

.noitarolocsidnworb

erahcihwsporchtiwark oetatoR

.tliwmuillicitreVotelbitpecsuston






13



etamixorppA


D'TNOCREPPEP

thgilBarohthpotyhP f ohtaeddnatliwdipaR

f osaeratewnistnalp

.dleif

.debdesiarnotnalP

tonk -tooR toordellag,nellowS

.metsys

edotamennonoitcessuoiverpeeS

.lortnoc

thgilBnrehtuoS etihW.eiddnatliwstnalP

noneesebnetf onacdlom

.metsf oesab

PW57rolcarreT

)tnemtaertlios(

snoitceridgf m sirbedtnalpyrubotpeedliosnruT

.msinagroesaesidrobrahthgimtaht

taretawgnittesnirolcarreTesU

.sporcdoshtiwetatoR.gnitnalp

dlacSnuS topsdehcaelbetihw,yrD

otdesopxedopf oedisno

.nus

,yhtlaehanitpek stnalpnostiurF

otylek iltoneranoitidnocsuorogiv

f olortnoC.dlacsnusybderu jnieb

f ossoltneverplliwtopslairetcab

detcetorptiurf ehtpeek dnasevael

.nusehtmorf

HSIRI,OTATOP

thgilBylraE stopstegrat,nworbllamS

,tohnisevaelnoraeppa

.rehtaewtew

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst5.1-1

PSBT2-1

pst4-3

0

41

41

erastnalpnehwsnoitacilppatratS

-7taeunitnocdnahgihsehcni6-4

.slavretniyad01

thgilBetaL ralugerridek aos-retaW

,loocnisevaelnostops

raeppastnalP.rehtaewtew

.dedlacs

geLk calB tnalP.k calbsnrutmetS

.seiddnastliw

.deesdeif itrectnalP

rek naCainotcozihR

)f rucSk calB(

,metseldrigsrek nack calB

.htworgroopgnisuac

PW57rolcarreT snoitceridgf m

bacS nostopsybbacs,hguoR

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esu,msinagrobacshtiwdetsef ni

.sporcetatordnaseiteiravtnatsiser

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yaceDeceiPdeeS .eceipdeesf ognittoR bezocnaM

benaM

tsudesU

snoitalumrof

otgnidrocca

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edicignuf htiwseceipdeestaerT

deestnalP.gnitnalperof ebtsud

.gnitaertretf ayletaidemmiseceip

rof seceipdeesdetaertesutonoD

.sesoprupliorodeef ,doof

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dnadeeseerf -esaesiddeif itrectnalP

.noitatorporcecitcarp

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stnalP.sevaelniciasom

.detnutsebyam

dnadeeseerf -esaesiddeif itrectnalP

.noitatorporcecitcarp




14



etamixorppA


NIKPMUP


.sevael

F45linolahtorolhC

PW08benaM

pst3-5.1

pst4-3

0

5

f ongistsrif tagniyarpsnigeB

yarpsrof lebaleeS.esaesid

bacsrof setarrehgihesU.slavretni

.lortnocthgilBmetSymmuG nostopsralucric,k calB

.tiurf

thgilBmuihcodorciM metsnosehsadetihW

.ecaf rus

bacS nostopsdesiarronek nuS

.tiurf

suriVciasoM .tiurf nosnrettapneerG ,lortnocdihpa,sehclumevitcelf eR

.luf plehebyamlortnocdeewdna

.tlucif f idsilortnoC


.ecaf rusf ael

ruf luS snoitceridgf m 0 f ongistsrif tagniyarpsnigeB

.esaesid

HCANIPS

eulB(wedliMynwoD

)dloM

f aelreppunostopswolleY

ynwodyarG.ecaf rus

f oedisrednunosugnuf

.f ael

reppoccisaB

PW35etaf lus

snoitceridgf m 0 tsrif tasnoitacilppaedicignuf tratS

01-7taeunitnocdnaesaesidf ongis

erehW.yrassecensaslavretniyad

nimelborpaneebsahtsuretihw

nehwtratsdluohsgniyarps,tsapeht

llaF".polevedsevaeleurttsrif eht

yletaredomsi,yteiravllaf a",neerG

larevesdnatsuretihwottnatsiser

.dlomeulbf osecar

tsuRetihW f aelreppunostopswolleY

yredwopetihW.ecaf rus

.f aelf oedisrednunossam

HSAUQS

wedliMynwoD nostopsralugerri,wolleY.sevael

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst3-5.1

PSBT3-2

pst4-3

0

5

5

f ongistsrif tagniyarpsnigeByarpsrof lebaleeS.esaesid

.slavretni


.secaf rusf ael

ruf lus snoitceridgf m 0 dnaesaesidf ongistsrif taylppA


deecxeserutarepmetf iruf lusylppa

.F09

bacS nostopsdesiarronek nuS

.tiurf

F45linolahtorolhC pst3-2 0 f ongistsrif tagniyarpsnigeB

yarpsrof lebaleeS.esaesid

.slavretni

thgilBmossolB otk citsdnatorsmossolB f odneehT.tiurf gnuoy

.k calbsnruttiurf eht

rof noitalucricriadoogedivorP .gniyrddipar

suriVciasoM sevaeL.tiurf f ognineerG

.detnutssniev,delttom

emosf oebyamsehclumevitcelf eR

demmets-wolleyehT.eulav

dnak iprepuS,k ipitluMseiteirav

f otnareloterattesrepuS

.surivciasomnolemretaw




15



etamixorppA


OTATOPTEEWS

toRk calB ,yrD.stoornotopsk calB

nisdnetxeyacedk calb

.toorf ohself

tnalpertonoD.deesdeif itrecesU

sihterehwsnoitacolnisraey3rof

.tneserpneebsahesaesid

f rucS k calbhsinworB

f oecaf rusnonoitarolocsid

.otatop

k roC stopsyk roc,k calb,llamS

tonodstopS.seotatopni

.ecaf rusotdnetxe

.deeseerf -esaesid,deif itrecesU

sedotameNtonk -tooR f ognik carclanidutignoL

.otatop

edotamennonoitcessuoiverpeeS

.lortnoc

)xoP(toRlioS nosaeranek nusralucriC

stoorredeeF.stooryhself

.denek calbera

rehtohtiwseotatopteewsetatoR

ni2.5wolebHpniatniaM.sporc

tnatsiseraworG.sdleif detsef ni

.yteirav

muirasuF(toRmetS

)tliW

dnawolleyerastnalP

ehtf oroiretniehT.detnuts

nworbaswohseniv

.noitarolocsid

ybk cotsdeeseerf -esaesidtceleS

f I.llihhcaef osenivgninimaxe

aswohsenivf onoitcesssorc

esutonod,noitarolocsidnworb

.k cotsdeesrof stoor

tnalP(thgilBnrehtuoS

)deB

.debnistopsnieidstnalP

rewolnohtworgetihW

.mets

.raeyhcaesdebnilioswenesU

OTAMOT

topSlairetcaB nostopsdesiar,llamS

stopsdek aos-retaW.stiurf

.egailof no

reppoCdexiF

sulp

FD57bezocnaM

sulpRO

PW08benaM

snoitceridgf m

PSBT2-5.1

pst4-3

0

5

5

esurotnemtaertdeesretawtohesU

.deeseerf -esaesid

toRdnE-mossolB dnemossolbnotopsk calB

.tiurf neergllamsf o

nilevelmuiclacetauqedaniatniaM

.erutsiomliosmrof inudnalios

.seiteiravelbitpecsustsaeltnalP

.sliosythguorddiovA

thgilBylraE stopstegratnworB

f ognithgilbybdewollof

.egailof

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst2-5.1

PSBT3-5.1

pst6-3

0

5

5

noossagniyarpsevitatneverptratS

ehtnidehsilbatseerastnalpsa

.slavretniyad01-7tayarpS.nedrag

rof elbarovaf sdoirepgniruD

ehtnetrohs,tnempolevedesaesid

nacPW08benaM.lavretniyarps

nidnaesuohneergehtnidesueb

.nedrageht

esoncarhtnA nostopsnek nus,ralucriC

.tiurf epir

topSf aeLairotpeS f aelralucricyag,llamS

.sredrobk radhtiwstops

toRtiurFeyek cuB sdnabetanoz,ralucriC

,tiurf notopsegralnihtiw

.sretsulcrewolnoesrow

liospeek otstnalpek atsdnahcluM

.sretsulctiurf f f o




16

1 Common names are used for chemical recommendations. Trade names are listed in Table II.2 Consult label for precise rate of application. The rates given in teaspoon or tablespoon per gallon in the publication are only approximate

and the label of the specific product to be used should be consulted before mixing and applying any fungicide.3 PHI (pre-harvest interval) is the minimum number of days between last application and harvest.



etamixorppA


D'TNOCOTAMOT

tliWmuirasuF f ognitliwdnagniwolleY

sahmetsf oedisnI.egailof

.noitarolocsidnworb

etatordnayteiravtnatsiseraesU

eerf -esaesidniatbO.sdleif otamot

.lioseerf -esaesidnotnalpdnastnalp

)sityrtoB(dloMyarG pitmorf nworbnrutsevaeL

ebnacdlomyarg;k cab

gnirudegailof nonees

.rehtaewdimuh

F45linolahtorolhC pst3 0 tasnoitacilppayarpsedicignuf nigeB

.esaesidf ongistsrif

thgilBetaL stopsdek aosretaw,ralugerrI

,dlomnisruccO.sevaelno

.rehtaewtew

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst3-5.1

PSBT3-5.1

pst6-2

0

5

5

.thgilbylraerof eludehcsyarpswolloF

rof elbarovaf erasnoitidnocrehtaewf I

.lavretniyarpsnetrohs,thgilbetal

nitnalpdnastnalpeerf -esaesidniatbO

.liosdetsef ni-non

dloMf aeL reppunostopswolleY

otevilO.sevaelf oecaf rus

f oedisrednunodlomyarg

niyliramirP.sevael

.sesuohneerg

F45linolahtorolhC pst2-5.1 0 nidlomf aellortnoclliwsedicignuF

nietauqedatoneratub,nedrageht

tsebehT.noitcudorpesuohneerg

ehtsiseotamotesuohneergnilortnoc

noitalugerdnaseiteiravtnatsiserf oesu

.ytidimuhf o

toRmetSmuihtyP rewolf otorretaw,k raD

.stnalpgnuoyf omets

thgilBnrehtuoS etihW.eiddnatliwstnalP

noneesebnetf onacdlom

.metsf oesab

PW57rolcarreT

)tnemtaertlios(

snoitceridgf m sirbedtnalpyrubotpeedliosnruT

.smsinagroesaesidrobrahthgimhcihw

etatoR.retawgnittesnirolcarreTesU

.f ruthtiw

tliWmuillicitreV edisni;sevaelf ogniwolleY

nworbevahlliwsmetsf o

.noitarolocsid

gnolecitcarP.seiteiravtnatsiseresU

.sporcrehtohtiwseotamotf osnoitator

)SDRALLOCEES(PINRUT

NOLEMRETAW

topSf aeLairanretlA nostopstegrat,nworB

.sevael

F45linolahtorolhC

FD57bezocnaM

PW08benaM

pst3-5.1

PSBT3-2

pst4-2

0

5

5

lebaleeS.esaesidf ongistsrif tanigeB

-esoncarhtnatnalP.slavretniyarpsrof

dnabezocnaM.seiteiravtnatsiser

.lortnocbacsrof delebaltonerabenaMesoncarhtnA nostopsralugerrinworB

nostopsnek nusdnasevael

.tiurf

topSf aeLaropsocreC .stopsnworbk rad,yniT


.sevael

thgilBmetSymmuG f aelralucricylralugerrIhtiwsmetsnosk carC.stops

.ezooymmug

bacS .tiurf nostrawdesiar,llamS

tliWmuirasuF f ognitliwdnawolleY

noitarolocsidnworB.sevael

.enivf oroiretnini

snoitatorgnoL.seiteiravtnatsiserworG

erehwnevedecitcarpebdluohs

.desueraseiteiravtnatsiser




17

Common Names Trade Names1

benomyl Note: Home garden benomyl products are no longer available.

chlorothalonil Bravo 720 (54%)

Bravo 75 WP

Bravo 90 WDG

Bravo Flowable Fungicide

Broad Spectrum Liquid Fungicide

Fungi-Gard

Lawn, Ornamental and Vegetable Fungicide


fixed coppers Basicop

Blue Shield

KocideTri-Basic Copper Sulfate

mancozeb2 Dithane DF

Manzate 200 DF

Penncozeb

maneb2 Maneb 80 WP

Maneb Spray

Maneb Liquid Fungicide

PCNB Terraclor 10 G

Terraclor 75 WP

Table II. Common Names and Trade Names of Chemicalsfor Controlling Diseases of Vegetables

1 Follow label instructions when mixing and applying fungicides. One gallon of fungicide spray willusually cover 400-450 square feet of garden area (130-150 linear feet in three foot wide rows). Theapplication rate varies with plant size. Some product labels stipulate higher quantities of weakersprays than other similar products. Always follow the label. Labels may limit the number of applica-tions or the total allowable amount of fungicide/unit area.

2 The Environmental Protection Agency is requiring that all mancozeb, maneb and metiram productregistrations and labels bearing homeowner uses be amended to bear the following protective clothingand hygiene language: “Home gardeners applying this product must wear long-sleeved shirt, longpants and chemical-resistant gloves. The gloves must be washed thoroughly with soap and water

before removing. Clothes must be changed immediately after using these EBDC products and must belaundered separately from other laundry items before reuse.”

This listing does not imply any preference or discrimination to other products of similar suitablecomposition, but is provided solely as a reference. All formulations of a particular fungicide may notbe labeled for all crops; check label before purchasing or using any fungicide.



18

labels bearing homeowner uses be amended tobear the following protective clothing andhygiene language:

“Home gardeners applying this productmust wear long-sleeved shirt, long pants and

chemical-resistant gloves. The gloves mustbe washed thoroughly with soap and waterbefore removing. Clothes must be changedimmediately after using these EBDC

products and must be laundered separately

from other laundry items before reuse.”

Pesticide Safety

Pesticides used improperly can be injuriousto humans, animals and plants. Follow thedirections, and heed all precautions on the

labels. Store pesticides in original containersunder lock and key – out of the reach of chil-dren and animals – and away from food andfeed.

Apply pesticides so they do not endangerhumans, livestock, crops, beneficial insects, fishand wildlife. Do not apply pesticides when thereis danger of drift, when honey bees or otherpollinating insects are visiting plants or in waysthat may contaminate water or leave illegalresidues.

Avoid prolonged inhalation of pesticidesprays or dusts; wear protective clothing andequipment if specified on the container.

If your hands become contaminated with apesticide, do not eat or drink until you havewashed. In case a pesticide is swallowed or getsin the eyes, follow the first-aid treatment givenon the label, and get prompt medical attention.If a pesticide is spilled on the skin or clothing,remove the clothing immediately and wash skinthoroughly.

Do not clean spray equipment or dumpexcess spray material near ponds, streams orwells. Because it is difficult to remove all tracesof herbicides from equipment, do not use thesame equipment with insecticides or fungicidesthat you use for herbicides.

Dispose of empty pesticide containerspromptly and according to the law.

Recommendations given in this publicationdo not apply to vegetables grown in greenhouses,unless otherwise noted.

Use Pesticides SafelyFollow Label Directions

U.S. Department of Agriculture



19

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTTo protect people and the environment, pesticides should be used safely. This is

everyone’s responsibility, especially the user. Read and follow label directions carefullybefore you buy, mix, apply, store or dispose of a pesticide. According to laws regulatingpesticides, they must be used only as directed by the label.

DISCLAIMER STATEMENTPesticides recommended in this publication were registered for the prescribed uses

when printed. Pesticide registrations are continuously being reviewed. Should registra-tion of a recommended pesticide be cancelled, it would no longer be recommended byThe University of Tennessee.

Use of trade or brand names in this publication is for clarity and information; it doesnot imply approval of the product to the exclusion of others which may be of similar,suitable composition, nor does it guarantee or warrant the standard of the product.



The Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race,religion, color, national origin, sex, age, disability or veteran status and is an Equal Opportunity Employer. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN

AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,and county governments cooperating in furtherance of Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914.

Agricultural Extension Service, Charles L. Norman, Dean

PB1215-1M-11/01(Rev)

E12-4615-00-012-02

Documents

Disease Control in the Home Vegetable Garden