Discussion Questions

Group 1: Explain the effect of wartime nationalism and post-war panic on immigration.

Group 2: Discuss the impact of immigration reform in general, as well as its specific impact on Asian Americans.

Group 3: Describe the immigration situation with Western Hemisphere nations. What changes were seen in the immigration of Mexicans?

Group 4: Explain the “race problem” in terms of regions. What changes did we see during and after World War I?

S

A Clash of ValuesChapter 10, Section 3

Nativism

Belief that one’s native land needs to be protected against immigrants

Economic recession, influx of immigrants, cultural tensions

Fear and prejudice against Germans and Communists

Blaming immigrants for bombings and loss of jobs

Sacco-Vanzetti Case

15 April 1920

Two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti arrested

Newspapers revealed they were anarchists

14 July 1921 – found guilty

6 years of appeals failed to save them from execution

Return of the KKK

Front runners of restricting immigration

Old Klan harassed newly freed African Americans

New Klan now after Catholics, Jews, immigrants, etc. “Un-American”

William J. Simmons – preserve WASP culture

Immigration restrictions stripped Klan of major issue

Changes in Immigration

Keep America American

Emergency Quota Act Annual admission to the US = 3%

of total number of people in any ethnic group

National Origins Act Made immigration restriction

permanent 2% quotas based on census data

from 1890 Pre-dated influx from southern

and eastern Europe Deliberately favored immigrants

from northwestern Europe

Women’s Movement

“New Morality” glorified youth and personal freedom

Right to vote sought to break free of traditional roles Attitudes towards marriage changed

Joined workforce Break away parental authority Establish financial independence

Flapper Bobbed hair, smoked cigarettes,

drank liquor, wore makeup, sleeveless dresses, short skirts

Women’s Movement Cont.

Rise in female college attendance

Major contributions to: Medicine:

Florence Sabin and tuberculosis Literature: Edith Wharton, Willa Cather, and Edna Ferber

won Pulitzer Prizes Margaret Sanger

Families could improve standard of living by limiting number of children

American Birth Control League (1921) Planned Parenthood Increase use of birth control

Fundamentalism

“New morality” = moral decline

Bible was literally true and without error

Rejected theory of evolution

Creationism – God created the world as it was described in the Bible

Immigration to the United States, 1821-1900

1821-1840

1841-1860

1861-1880

1881-1900

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Northern, Western, and Central EuropeEastern and Southern EuropeAsiaAmericasOther

Immigration to the United States, 1901-1960

1901-1920 1921-1940 1941-19600

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

5.56

6.57

Northern, Western, and Central EuropeEastern and Southern EuropeAsiaAmericansOther

Scopes Trial

1925 Tennessee outlaws evolution

ACLU advertised for teacher to break law John T. Scopes, Biology

Prosecutor: William Jennings Bryan

Defense Attorney: Clarence Darrow

8 days of trial, Scopes guilty, $100 fine Overturned on a technicality

Fundamentalism in political activity declined

Creationism

God created the universe in 6 days

Earth is only 10,000 years old

Bible tells of actual events Great Flood Earth stood still

Evolution

Charles Darwin’s research

Geological evidence

Big Bang

**See Biblical stories as useful allegories

Prohibition

Rationale: Religious reasons Reduce unemployment, domestic

violence, and poverty

18th Amendment January 1920

Volstead Act US Treasury Department

responsible for enforcing Dramatic increase in Federal

police power

Prohibition Cont.

Treasury Department struggled to enforce 540,000 arrests

Blatantly ignoring the law Speakeasies Bootlegging

Organized crime made huge profits

Ending Prohibition

70 federal agents killed while enforcing Prohibition

Battle to repeal began immediately

21st Amendment 1933

Alcohol consumption down

Society not improved as hopes