DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster

DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS

A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS

MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS”

SAFER

SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)

• FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” ARE UNSAFE:

• WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY AND AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS, - - -

SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)

• OR, AFTER EVACUATIONS TO A SCHOOL TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

REASONS FOR SCHOOL VULNERABILITY

• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING

• MAY BE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN • MAY BE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE

INUNDATION ZONE• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND

HIGH WINDS• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED FOR WET ASH

LOAD

EARTHQUAKES

CAUSE BUILDING COLLAPSE, INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS,

WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS

SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO EARTHQUAKES

• TYPICALLY, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR SCHOOLS

• EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING, ANYTIME; HENCE, NO EVACUATION

• LOSS OF FUNCTION MAY BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY

SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE UNIV., HAITI, JAN 12, 2010

SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI; JAN 12, 2010

SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

SCHOOLS: TEMPORARY AFTER MAY 12, 2008 EARTHQUAKE

SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007

SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: MOLISE EARTHQUAKE: OCTOBER 31, 2002

SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: 53 CHILDREN BORN IN 1996 KILLED

SCHOOL: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA; OCT 10, 1989

SCHOOL: MEXICO; SEPT. 19, 1985

SCHOOL: EL ASNAM, ALGERIA;OCTOBER 10, 1980

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: COALINGA, CA; MAY 2, 1983

SCHOOLS: TANGSHAN, CHINA; 1976

SCHOOL: LICE, TURKEY; SEPTEMBER 6, 1975

SCHOOL: ALASKA, MARCH 27, 1964

SCHOOL: LONG BEACH, CA, MARCH 10,1933 (LED TO THE FIELD ACT)

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY


DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON

•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE DRILLS ANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

FLOODS

CAUSE WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF

FUNCTION

THE GREAT FLOOD OF 2008: IOWA

FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA: AUGUST 7-14, 2007

FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, ENGLAND: JULY 2007

FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY 2007

FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007






SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK




SEVERE WINDSTORMS

CAUSE WIND AND WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD

LOSS OF FUNCTION

TYPHOON MORAKOT: CHIATUNG, TIAWAN, AUGUST 9, 2009

CYCLONE NARGIS: POWER OUTAGE IN YANGON; MAY 18, 2008:

CYCLONE NARGIS: TAKING SHELTER IN A BUDDHIST TEMPLE

HURRICANE OMAR: ST THOMAS, VI, OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

HURRICANE OMAR: SOUFRIER; OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

SCHOOLS: ALL HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS

• EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF “SAFE HAVENS” FOR EVACUEES ARE UNSAFE.

SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005

• Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.

SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005

• A FEW HOURS OF WIND AND STORM SURGE FOLLOWED BY A MONTH OF RECOVERY FROM THE FLOODING PARALYZED TULANE UNIVERSITY INDEFINETLY.






SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK




VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

CAUSE WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

SCHOOLS: INDONESIA, JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION SENDS 15,000 FLEEING

SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION

• School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash.






SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK




Documents

DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster