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Direct Evidence of Emergence of a Helical Flux Rope under an Active-Region Prominence. Joten Okamoto Kyoto Univ. / NAOJ JSPS Research Fellow Saku Tsuneta, Bruce Lites, Masahito Kubo, Takaaki Yokoyama and Japan-US Hinode/SOT team + KD Leka, Tom Metcalf. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Direct Evidence of Emergence of a Helical Flux Rope under an Active-Reg
ion Prominence
Joten OkamotoKyoto Univ. / NAOJ JSPS Research Fellow
Saku Tsuneta, Bruce Lites, Masahito Kubo, Takaaki Yokoyamaand Japan-US Hinode/SOT team + KD Leka, Tom Metcalf
This work is my PhD thesis topic. I am provided limited protection for the data sets.(see http://solarb.msfc.nasa.gov/for_scientists/topics.html, http://solar-b.nao.ac.jp/hsc_e/OnGoing_top.shtml )I have submitted the former part of this work to ApJL. The latter part (not included in this PPT) will be submitted.
Hinode satellite
Hinode was launched in Sep. 2006.3 instruments
SOT (Soalr Optical Telescope)– photosphere, chromosphere
XRT (X-ray Telescope)– corona
EIS (EUV Imaging Spectrometer)– transition region, corona
Advantage of HinodeContinuous high-quality movie Small scale structures and time variation of solar phenomena
granules, small magnetic elements, spicules, prominences, …
In this talk, we focus on prominence observation.
SOT
EIS
XRT
Prominence
Cool plasma in the corona~ 10,000 K
over polarity inversion lines (PILs)
“filament” on disk
supported by coronal magnetic filed lines
Questions about prominencesFormation process
supply of mass
construction of magnetic field
Fine structures and their evolution
Disappearance and eruptionCoronal Mass Ejection (CME)
SMART Hα image (Hida Obs.)
Hinode/SOT Ca II H movie( Okamoto et al. 2007)
Structure of prominence magnetic fields
Helical in many casesMeasurement with polarization
e.g., Tandberg-Hanssen, Leroy
Extrapolation from eruption e.g., CME taken by SOHO/LASCO
How to make this ?same or difference of QS and AR prominences ?
AR prominence QS prominence
prominence
helical field line
Prominence in the unified modelof flares and CMEs (Shibata et al.)
Formation of prominence magnetic fields
TheoryHelical flux rope emergence from the
photospheree.g., Rust, Kumar, Low, Lites…
Shear motion on the photosphere and reconnection in the corona
e.g., Pneuman, van Ballegooijen, Martens, Antiochos, Aulanier, Karpen…
ObservationNo clear evidence
lack of accuracy of polarimetric measurement due to seeingrestriction to long-duration observation
How are they made ?
KEY: Motion and time-evolution of magnetic field on the photosphere
Tracking of evolution of AR prominence
prominence
helical field line
Data
Continuous observation of AR2007 Apr 28 ~ May 2AR 10953wavelength (Hinode)
SpectroPolarimeter (SP) fast map (160”x160”, 3 ~ 6-hour cadence )
Hα (160”x160”, 1-min cadence)G-band 、 Ca II H (108”x108”, 1-min cadence)X-ray (512”x512”, 1-min cadence)
Estimation of magnetic fieldMilne-Eddington inversion (Yokoyama et al.)180°ambiguity solution with AZAM
(Lites et al.)( Current 3,4 (Metcalf et al.) )
H-alpha
Ca II H
ROI
Hα movie with Hinode/SOT
deformation
Hinode/SOT Hα
formation
Repetition of formation and deformation during 2 days
04.28 11:56 04.28 23:14 04.29 12:09 04.29 18:13 04.29 20:51
deformation formation
After that… ( Hida/SMART Hα )
Formation of a clear prominenceit looks stable after May 1
05.01 22:27 05.02 21:18 05.03 22:09 05.04 21:4404.29 22:10
What can we see in SP data ?Evolution of photospheric magnetic field
near the PIL during the promninence formation
SOT FOV
( conclusion ) Helical flux rope emergence
Observational results (on the PIL)Changing direction of horizontal magnetic fieldSimultaneous appearance of a region having weak vertical magnetic fieldSimultaneous upflow in the same region
plage
sunspotside
×
Interpretation( cross sectionof photosphere)
××
photosphere
PIL
Result( photosphere )
-+
plage sunspot side
-+-+
PIL PILPIL
magneto-gram ( 1/
9 )
2007.04.2911:43
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
plage(> 500 G ) PIL
sunspot side(<- 500 G )
2007.04.2915:36
magneto-gram ( 2/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.2920:16
magneto-gram ( 3/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.3001:00
magneto-gram ( 4/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.3005:07
magneto-gram ( 5/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.3008:56
magneto-gram ( 6/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.3015:46
magneto-gram ( 7/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.3022:46
magneto-gram ( 8/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.05.0108:16
magneto-gram ( 9/
9 )
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line :boundary of±500G of Bz
2007.04.29 11:43
2007.04.29 15:36
2007.04.29 20:16
2007.04.30 05:07
2007.04.30 15:46
2007.05.01 08:16
2007.05.01 02:06
2007.04.30 22:46
2007.04.30 08:56
vertical mag. ( color contour )+ horizontal mag. ( arrows )
15” ~ 10,000 km
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
2007.04.29 11:43
2007.04.29 15:36
2007.04.29 20:16
2007.04.30 05:07
2007.04.30 15:46
2007.05.01 08:16
2007.05.01 02:06
2007.04.30 22:46
2007.04.30 08:56
vertical velocity of magnetic components by ME fitting ( color contour )+ horizontal mag. ( arrows )
- 300 m/s
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
2007.04.2821:26
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
normal or inverse ?( 1/12 )
normal
inverse
度
2007.04.2903:46
normal or inverse ?( 2/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.2911:43
normal or inverse ?( 3/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.2915:36
normal or inverse ?( 4/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.2920:16
normal or inverse ?( 5/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.3005:07
normal or inverse ?( 6/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.3008:56
normal or inverse ?( 7/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.3012:46
normal or inverse ?( 8/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.3015:46
normal or inverse ?( 9/12 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.04.3022:46
normal or inverse ?( 10/1
2 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.05.0102:06
normal or inverse ?( 11/1
2 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
2007.05.0105:16
normal or inverse ?( 12/1
2 )
normal
inverse
度
vertical mag. red :+ blue :-
horizontal mag. arrows
black line : PIL
Helical flux rope emergenceObservational results (on the PIL)
Changing direction of horizontal magnetic field
Simultaneous appearance of a region having weak vertical magnetic field
Simultaneous upflow in the same region plage
sunspotside
×
Interpretation( cross sectionof photosphere)
××
photosphere
PIL
Result( photosphere )
-+
plage sunspot side
-+-+
PIL PILPIL
Helical flux rope emergence
Result( photosphere )
-+
plage sunspot side
-+-+
PIL PILPIL
Emergence of helical flux ropeand Prominence2007.04.29
20:162007.04.30
05:072007.04.30
08:562007.04.29
15:36
Continuous prominence appeared after the emergence of the flux tubeSome remnants of prominence existed before the eventThe newly-emerging fields connect with original fields or get rid of those ?
Motion on the photosphere ( G-band )
2007.04.3008:56
Red circle indicates the orientation of the prominence
advective flow: arrows
2007.04.3008:56
No clear sheared motion, but some mesogranules under the prominence= support to emergence ?
Red circle indicates the orientation of the prominence
Motion on the photosphere ( G-band )
Physical parameters
plage
(+)
PIL sunspot side
(-)
Bz(G)
+ 1100±400
0±200
- 1000±400
Bxy(G)
400±200
650±150
650±200
Vz(m/s)
+ 200±500
- 300±200
- 100±700
filling
factor0.23±0.20
0.15±0.05
0.30±0.20
Mag. field strength of prominence: ~ 100 G
650 G ×0.15
10,000 km
2007.04.30 05:07
plage
PIL
sunspotside
Duration of emergence : 24 – 36 hours
Rising height : ~ 25,000 km24 h ×300 m/s
Summary
Clear evidence of emerging helical flux rope associated with formation of prominence
Appearance of magnetized region that had weaker field strength along the PILAfter that, prominence was stabilizedNo continuous sheared motion along the PIL
Shear/reconnection model is ruleed out ?... NoOur result is one example in an active regionNecessary to observe active/quiescent prominences quantitatively
How to emerge ?Possible to emerge a whole long rope whose length is several tens of thousand km ?Why is it located along the PIL ?
Mechanism of mass supply ? … We don’t know.It supplied only helical magnetic field to the corona.