Diogenes and Alexander Gilbert Highet presented by Song Xini

Diogenes and AlexanderDiogenes and AlexanderGilbert HighetGilbert Highet

presented by Song Xinipresented by Song Xini

Diogenes and AlexandeDiogenes and Alexanderr

Gilbert HighetGilbert HighetAbout the AuthorAbout the Text

introduction /structure of the text word study /expressions/sentence paraphrase

In-class Discussion questions on comprehension and appreciation

After-class ActivitiesKey to the Exercises vocabulary/grammar

About the About the AuthorAuthor

Gilbert HighetGilbert Highet (1906-1978) (1906-1978)

He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, educated at He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, educated at Glasgow and at Oxford, and became a naturalizGlasgow and at Oxford, and became a naturalized American citizen in 1951. He was known for hed American citizen in 1951. He was known for his scholarly and critical writing.is scholarly and critical writing.

About the About the AuthorAuthor

A teacher must believe in the value and interest A teacher must believe in the value and interest of his subject as a doctor believes in health.of his subject as a doctor believes in health.

Many people have played themselves to death. Many people have played themselves to death. Many people have eaten and drunk themselves to Many people have eaten and drunk themselves to death. Nobody ever thought himself to death.death. Nobody ever thought himself to death.

These are not books, lumps of lifeless paper, but These are not books, lumps of lifeless paper, but minds alive on the shelves.minds alive on the shelves.

What is politics but persuading the public to vote What is politics but persuading the public to vote for this and support that and endure these for the for this and support that and endure these for the promise of those?promise of those?

Gilbert Highet’s quotesGilbert Highet’s quotes

IntroductionIntroduction The main hero in this story is obvious Diogenes. The main hero in this story is obvious Diogenes.

His main idea is that we should all live a simple His main idea is that we should all live a simple life. A simple life means a natural life,and a life. A simple life means a natural life,and a natural life means a life without too many worldly natural life means a life without too many worldly possessions. He believes that our worldly possessions. He believes that our worldly possessions have no true value and tend to take possessions have no true value and tend to take away our freedom and happiness and turn us away our freedom and happiness and turn us into slaves. At a time when many people are into slaves. At a time when many people are made to believe that money is everything,what made to believe that money is everything,what Diogenes says can be a very valuable antidote, Diogenes says can be a very valuable antidote, something that can help to restore our balance.something that can help to restore our balance.

About the TextAbout the Text

About the Text About the Text structurestructure

o Part 1 (Part 1 (para 1-10para 1-10) Diogenes the baggar) Diogenes the baggaro Part 2 (Part 2 (para 11-13para 11-13) Alexander the conquer) Alexander the conquer

or in sharp contrast to the baggaror in sharp contrast to the baggaro Part 3 (Part 3 (para 14-17para 14-17) (climax) the dramatic e) (climax) the dramatic e

ncounter between Diogenes and Alexandencounter between Diogenes and Alexanderr

About the Text About the Text style: style: contrastcontrast

1.Contrast between Diogenes and Alexander1.Contrast between Diogenes and Alexander2. Contrast within this contrast2. Contrast within this contrast 1). The contrast 1). The contrast between Diogenes and ordinary beggarsbetween Diogenes and ordinary beggars between him and ordinary peoplebetween him and ordinary people between him and the other philosophersbetween him and the other philosophersof his timeof his time between him and all those people who are busy preparing between him and all those people who are busy preparing

for warfor war between him and all those who are ready to kiss the boats between him and all those who are ready to kiss the boats

of Alexanderof Alexander 2). The contrast between Alexander and other Macedonians2). The contrast between Alexander and other Macedonians

About the TextAbout the TextWord StudyWord Study

lunaticlunatic adj.adj.

sb who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way; a mad masb who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way; a mad man n

word origin: Insanity was once believed to be controlled bword origin: Insanity was once believed to be controlled by the moon and its phases. Lunatic literally means “moony the moon and its phases. Lunatic literally means “moonstruck”, subject to the changes of the moon, and comes fstruck”, subject to the changes of the moon, and comes from the Latin word luna,moon.rom the Latin word luna,moon.

Know sbKnow sb: you are quite familiar with the person: you are quite familiar with the person

know of sbknow of sb: you have been told or you have read or hear: you have been told or you have read or heard about this person.d about this person.


mischievousmischievous adj.adj.

playing tricks on people or doing things to playing tricks on people or doing things to annoying or embarrass themannoying or embarrass them

e.ge.g. a mischievous look/smile/trick. a mischievous look/smile/trick

a mischievous letter/rumora mischievous letter/rumor

mischiefmischief n.n. mischief-makermischief-maker: : nn. person who deliberately . person who deliberately

cause trouble or discordcause trouble or discord abuseabuse n.n. : rude, angry, and offensive words : rude, angry, and offensive words

squattersquatter: : n.n. a person who lives in an empty building or on a piece of a person who lives in an empty building or on a piece of

land without pay any rent.land without pay any rent. corruptcorrupt adjadj.. very bad morallyvery bad morally e.g.e.g. a corrupt society a corrupt society corruptioncorruption: : n.n. dishonest, illegal, or immoral behaviordishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior caskcask: : n.n. a round wooden container used for storing wine or other a round wooden container used for storing wine or other

liquidsliquids


satirize:satirize: vt.vt. to use satire to make fun of people’s faultsto use satire to make fun of people’s faults e.g.e.g. a play satirizing the fashion industry a play satirizing the fashion industry satiresatire satiricalsatirical convert:convert: vv [to] [to] to change or make someone change their opinion, belief to change or make someone change their opinion, belief

or habit.or habit. e.g.e.g. I have converted to decaffeinated coffee. I have converted to decaffeinated coffee. convert sb to sthconvert sb to sth e.ge.g. My daughter finally converted me to Gun ‘n’ Roses.. My daughter finally converted me to Gun ‘n’ Roses.


expoundexpound:: vt vt. ~sth (to sb). ~sth (to sb) (fml) explain or make sth clear by giving details(fml) explain or make sth clear by giving details e. g.e. g. He expounded his views on education to me at great He expounded his views on education to me at great

length.length. doctrinedoctrine: : n.n. a belief or set of beliefs that form the main part of a religioa belief or set of beliefs that form the main part of a religio

n or system of ideas.n or system of ideas. e.ge.g. Marxist doctrine, the doctrine of predestination. Marxist doctrine, the doctrine of predestination elaborateelaborate: : adj.adj. carefully worked out and full of detailscarefully worked out and full of details e.g.e.g. elaborate furniture/meals/plan/system/hairstyle elaborate furniture/meals/plan/system/hairstyle


extravaganceextravagance n.n. the act of spending a lot of money on things that are not nthe act of spending a lot of money on things that are not n

ecessaryecessary e.g.e.g. His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. extravagantlyextravagantly adj.adj. procureprocure v v. ~ sth (for sb). ~ sth (for sb) to obtain sth, esp sth that is difficult to getto obtain sth, esp sth that is difficult to get e.g.e.g. The book is out of print and difficult to procure. The book is out of print and difficult to procure. procurementprocurement n.[u] (fml)n.[u] (fml) e.g.e.g. the procurement of goods,raw materials, supplies,we the procurement of goods,raw materials, supplies,we

aponsapons


perishableperishable: : adj.adj. easy to fall into decay if not kept under specific conditions.easy to fall into decay if not kept under specific conditions. e.g.e.g. Perishable food should be stored in a refrigerator. Perishable food should be stored in a refrigerator. perishablesperishables: : n. [pl.]n. [pl.] goods (esp food) which go bad or decay quickly, such as goods (esp food) which go bad or decay quickly, such as

fish or soft fruitfish or soft fruit missionarymissionary: : n.n. originally a person sent by a church to a foreign country toriginally a person sent by a church to a foreign country t

o convert local people to Christianityo convert local people to Christianity Here:Here: a person who feels that he has a mission or sacre a person who feels that he has a mission or sacre

d duty to do sthd duty to do sth


chivalrouschivalrous: : adj.adj. 1) behaving in a polite, kind, generous and honorable wa1) behaving in a polite, kind, generous and honorable wa

y, esp towards womeny, esp towards women 2) (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect 2) (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect

knight.knight. chivalrychivalry n. [u]n. [u] emulateemulate:: vt vt. ~ sb (at sth). ~ sb (at sth) (fml) try to do as well as or better than sb(fml) try to do as well as or better than sb e.ge.g. She tried to emulate her ealder sister at the piano.. She tried to emulate her ealder sister at the piano. emulationemulation n. [u]n. [u] e.g.e.g. She worked hard in emulation of her elder sister. She worked hard in emulation of her elder sister.


paradoxparadox: : n.n. a statement that seems impossible because it contains two a statement that seems impossible because it contains two

oppositing ideas that are both true.oppositing ideas that are both true. e.g.e.g. “More haste, less speed” is a well known paradox. “More haste, less speed” is a well known paradox. paradoxicalparadoxical adj.adj. unanimousunanimous: : adj. ~ (in)adj. ~ (in) 1) all agreeing on a decision or an opinion1) all agreeing on a decision or an opinion e.ge.g. The villagers are unanimous in their opposition to the b. The villagers are unanimous in their opposition to the b

uilding of a bypass.uilding of a bypass. 2) (of a decision, an opinion,etc) given or hold by everybody2) (of a decision, an opinion,etc) given or hold by everybody e.g.e.g. The proposal was accepted with unanimous approval. The proposal was accepted with unanimous approval. unanimouslyunanimously advadv. . unanimityunanimity n.n.


About the TextAbout the Text conventionconvention: : n.n. behavior and attitudes that most people in a society consider to behavior and attitudes that most people in a society consider to

be normal and rightbe normal and right• Compare: notice the subtle difference between the following Compare: notice the subtle difference between the following

synonyms.synonyms.• habithabit: (picking one’s nose; biting one’s nails; smoking; getting up : (picking one’s nose; biting one’s nails; smoking; getting up

early)early)• customcustom: (using chopsticks; wearing black in mourning; express : (using chopsticks; wearing black in mourning; express

love with a kiss,etc)love with a kiss,etc)• traditiontradition: (respecting the old; cherishing the family; eating turkey : (respecting the old; cherishing the family; eating turkey

on Thanksgiving; loving peace; always ready to help others)on Thanksgiving; loving peace; always ready to help others)• conventionconvention: (married women taking their husbands’ names; : (married women taking their husbands’ names;

shaking hands when you meet with friends; marrying within your shaking hands when you meet with friends; marrying within your own religion, etc)own religion, etc)

Word Word comparisoncomparison


smilesmile: an expression on your face in which your : an expression on your face in which your mouth curves upwards to show that you are hapmouth curves upwards to show that you are happy, amused, friendly,etc.py, amused, friendly,etc.

gringrin: a wide smile: a wide smile laughlaugh: to make the sounds and movements of th: to make the sounds and movements of th

e face that people make when they think sth is fue face that people make when they think sth is funnynny

guffawguffaw: a noisy, loud laugh: a noisy, loud laugh tittertitter: to laugh quietly,esp when you are nervous: to laugh quietly,esp when you are nervous gigglegiggle: a quiet, repeated laugh: a quiet, repeated laugh

Word Word comparisoncomparison

About the About the TextTextExpressionsExpressions

a mischievous pebblea mischievous pebble: : a pebble from a mischievous person.a pebble from a mischievous person. by choiceby choice:: If you so sth by choice, you do it because you want to do it and noIf you so sth by choice, you do it because you want to do it and no

t because you are forced to do it.t because you are forced to do it. e.g. (1).The government ha claimed tahe many people are homelee.g. (1).The government ha claimed tahe many people are homele

ss by choice.ss by choice. (2). Yue fei did not withdraw his troops by choice. He was forced t(2). Yue fei did not withdraw his troops by choice. He was forced t

o do that by twelve successive imperial edicts.o do that by twelve successive imperial edicts. by designby design: deliberately,intentionally: deliberately,intentionally e.g. Whether this happened by design or not we shall never know.e.g. Whether this happened by design or not we shall never know.

About the About the TextTextExpressionsExpressions

out of (principle,etc)out of (principle,etc) e.g.e.g. (1).Out of principle you should not give (1).Out of principle you should not give

the contract to your relative’s company.the contract to your relative’s company. (2). I opened the box out of curiosity and (2). I opened the box out of curiosity and

found it filled with gold.found it filled with gold. (3). I decided to visit him out of respect.(3). I decided to visit him out of respect. (4). She began to learn how to cook out of (4). She began to learn how to cook out of

interest, not out of necessity.interest, not out of necessity.


ExpressionsExpressions to escape complexities and extravagancesto escape complexities and extravagances:: to avoid complex lives and things that are not to avoid complex lives and things that are not

necessary.necessary. the shapes and uses of a political powerthe shapes and uses of a political power:: how the government is organized and how it how the government is organized and how it

functionsfunctions a large corps of …a large corps of … a large group of people working together to do a a large group of people working together to do a

particular jobparticular job fiery glancefiery glance: : passionate or fierce lookpassionate or fierce look


ExpressionsExpressions the man of the hour:the man of the hour: the most successful, important, powerful, or the most successful, important, powerful, or

talked about person of the present timestalked about person of the present times e.ge.g.. Pollution is one of the serious issues of the Pollution is one of the serious issues of the

hour.hour. air of destinyair of destiny:: the air of someone who has the power to the air of someone who has the power to

determine the course of events in futuredetermine the course of events in future to toil and sweat:to toil and sweat: to work very hard for a long timeto work very hard for a long time


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 1. He had …done his business like a dog at the r1. He had …done his business like a dog at the r

oadside, washed at the public fountain. (para. 1)oadside, washed at the public fountain. (para. 1) He had emptied his bowels or passed water like He had emptied his bowels or passed water like

a dog at the roadside.a dog at the roadside.

2. He knew they were mad, each in a different w2. He knew they were mad, each in a different way. (para. 1)ay. (para. 1)

He knew they were mad, each in a different way. He knew they were mad, each in a different way. Some were mad about money; some were mad Some were mad about money; some were mad about power; some were mad about sex.about power; some were mad about sex.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 3. He thought everybody lived far too 3. He thought everybody lived far too

elaborately, expensively, anxiously. (Para 2)elaborately, expensively, anxiously. (Para 2) He thought that our life is too complicated, too He thought that our life is too complicated, too

costly, and gives us too much pressure. He costly, and gives us too much pressure. He argues that we should simplify our life.argues that we should simplify our life.

4. He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. 4. He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. But he was the first who ever did so by choice, But he was the first who ever did so by choice, out of principle.out of principle.

He was not the first to live in a cask. But he was He was not the first to live in a cask. But he was the first who ever did so because he wanted to, the first who ever did so because he wanted to, based on a principle, and not by necessity, not based on a principle, and not by necessity, not because he was forced to. because he was forced to.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 5. But he taught chiefly by example5. But he taught chiefly by example.. Diogenes also taught by talking to people, but he mainly Diogenes also taught by talking to people, but he mainly

taught by setting an example for others to learn from or taught by setting an example for others to learn from or using living people around him as his examples.using living people around him as his examples.

6. in order to procure a quantity of false, perishable 6. in order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.independence.

In order to get a certain amount of material properties or In order to get a certain amount of material properties or worldly possessions which actually have no value and worldly possessions which actually have no value and will not last, he has allowed himself to be controlled by will not last, he has allowed himself to be controlled by these things and has given away his own independence these things and has given away his own independence which is the only thing that is true and can last.which is the only thing that is true and can last.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 7. his life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the c7. his life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the c

urrency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to …,to iurrency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to …,to imprint it with its true values. (para 5)mprint it with its true values. (para 5)

Diogenes is using the analogy of “restamping the currenDiogenes is using the analogy of “restamping the currency” to mean the change of human values. Human life, in cy” to mean the change of human values. Human life, in his opinion, is like clean metal, but marked with false valhis opinion, is like clean metal, but marked with false values, and it is his intension to wipe out the false markings ues, and it is his intension to wipe out the false markings and print true values on it.and print true values on it.

8. Diogenes answered “I’m trying to find a man.”8. Diogenes answered “I’m trying to find a man.” He meant that all people he could see were only half meHe meant that all people he could see were only half me

n. Here the word “man” means a true man by Diogenes sn. Here the word “man” means a true man by Diogenes standard.tandard.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 9. Diogenes took his old cask and began to roll it 9. Diogenes took his old cask and began to roll it

up and down…”I feel I ought to do something!”up and down…”I feel I ought to do something!” This shows Diogenes’s attitude towards war. He This shows Diogenes’s attitude towards war. He

obviously thinks that war is silly. War is fought ovobviously thinks that war is silly. War is fought over land and other worldly possessions. Therefore er land and other worldly possessions. Therefore it does not make any sense for people who do nit does not make any sense for people who do no care for these possessions.o care for these possessions.

10. Only twenty, Alexander was far older and wis10. Only twenty, Alexander was far older and wiser than his years.er than his years.

Alexander looked far older than a man of his age Alexander looked far older than a man of his age normally does, and was much wiser than a man normally does, and was much wiser than a man of his age normally is.of his age normally is.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 11. ..the young prince slept with the Iliad under his pillow 11. ..the young prince slept with the Iliad under his pillow

and longed to emulate Achilles,…Asia to ruin.and longed to emulate Achilles,…Asia to ruin. Aristotle taught Alexander poetry. The young prince partiAristotle taught Alexander poetry. The young prince parti

cularlly loved Homer’s poems, so much that he would slecularlly loved Homer’s poems, so much that he would sleep with the Iliad under his pillow and longed to follow Achep with the Iliad under his pillow and longed to follow Achilles’s example. His dream was to use his power for the eilles’s example. His dream was to use his power for the exchange of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures.xchange of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures.

12. …Learned to seek out everything strange which12. …Learned to seek out everything strange which migmight be instructive.ht be instructive.

……learned to discover everything strange which might prolearned to discover everything strange which might provide some useful information. Alexander was interested ivide some useful information. Alexander was interested in strange things and wanted to benefit from his investigan strange things and wanted to benefit from his investigations into them.tions into them.

About the About the TextText

sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 13. “Yes,” Said the dog. “stand to one side. You are bloc13. “Yes,” Said the dog. “stand to one side. You are bloc

king the sunlight.”king the sunlight.” When Alexander asked Diogenes whether there was anyWhen Alexander asked Diogenes whether there was any

thing he could do for him, he of course was thinking of mthing he could do for him, he of course was thinking of money, power, a job, a decent house or a warm garment. oney, power, a job, a decent house or a warm garment. But Diogenes did not want any of these. What he wanted But Diogenes did not want any of these. What he wanted from the king was not to block the sunlight,not to interferfrom the king was not to block the sunlight,not to interfere with his ife,not to stand in his way.e with his ife,not to stand in his way.


sentence paraphrasesentence paraphrase 14. He understood Cynicism as the others could not.14. He understood Cynicism as the others could not. While ordinary people thought that Diogenes was either While ordinary people thought that Diogenes was either

a lunatic or a beggar, Alexander understood him becausa lunatic or a beggar, Alexander understood him because he was also a philosopher in away, and that was why he he was also a philosopher in away, and that was why he later took one of Diogenes’s pupils along with him in hie later took one of Diogenes’s pupils along with him in his expedition to India as his philosophical interpreter.s expedition to India as his philosophical interpreter.

15. He knew that of all men then alive in the world only A15. He knew that of all men then alive in the world only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were frlexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were free.ee.

Alexander thought that he was free because he had absAlexander thought that he was free because he had absolute power and Diogenes was free because he didn't’t nolute power and Diogenes was free because he didn't’t need any powereed any power..

In-class Discussion

o About the climax:About the climax:

Diogenes’s encounter with AlexanderDiogenes’s encounter with Alexander

1).1). What does Diogenes mean when he says tha What does Diogenes mean when he says that Alexander is blocking his sun?t Alexander is blocking his sun?

2).2). “He (Alexander) knew that of all the men then “He (Alexander) knew that of all the men then alive I the world only Alexander the conqueror aalive I the world only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were free?” Why?nd Diogenes the beggar were free?” Why?

Questions on Questions on comprehension comprehension

and appreciation:and appreciation:

In-class Discussion

o 1)1). He means that the kind of freedom he promulgates is . He means that the kind of freedom he promulgates is impossible if a person is blinded by power and money. impossible if a person is blinded by power and money. And power and money are exactly what Alexander And power and money are exactly what Alexander represents. Therefore from Diogenes’ point of view represents. Therefore from Diogenes’ point of view Alexander can only prevent his followers from seeing the Alexander can only prevent his followers from seeing the sun, the truth.sun, the truth.

o 2)2).. Alexander is free because he has all the power and Alexander is free because he has all the power and money to satisfy people’s desires; Diogenes is free money to satisfy people’s desires; Diogenes is free because he does not have any of those desires. He because he does not have any of those desires. He treats power and money as dirt. And it is for the same treats power and money as dirt. And it is for the same reason that Alexander admits that like himself, Diogenes reason that Alexander admits that like himself, Diogenes is a citizen of the world,and if he were not Alexander, he is a citizen of the world,and if he were not Alexander, he would be Diogenes.would be Diogenes.

Possible AnswersPossible Answers

After-class Activities

o 1). If the world were to follow Diogenes , what would be t1). If the world were to follow Diogenes , what would be the results?he results?

o 2). Would you dismiss Diogenes’s philosophy altogether 2). Would you dismiss Diogenes’s philosophy altogether since it seems to be against progress and civilizatios? Hsince it seems to be against progress and civilizatios? Have you learned anything from this essay?ave you learned anything from this essay?

o 3). Does Diogenes remind you of any ancient Chinese p3). Does Diogenes remind you of any ancient Chinese philosopher? Would you like to make a comparison betwehilosopher? Would you like to make a comparison between them?en them?

o 4). If you also think of yourself as a person with a missio4). If you also think of yourself as a person with a mission, a mission to serve the people, would you rather be Dion, a mission to serve the people, would you rather be Diogenes with his philosophy or Alexander with his power?genes with his philosophy or Alexander with his power?

DiscussionDiscussion

Key to the ExercisesKey to the Exercises VocabularyVocabulary

1.Translate1.Translate

⑴ ⑴ to scratch each other’s to scratch each other’s backsbacks

⑵ ⑵ to do business wit h to do business wit h that countrythat country

⑶ ⑶ Publish or perishPublish or perish ⑷ ⑷ to found a new religionto found a new religion ⑸ ⑸ to convert RMB into to convert RMB into

foreign currencyforeign currency ⑹ ⑹ to seek the truthto seek the truth

⑺ ⑺ to discard the old to discard the old traditionstraditions

⑻ ⑻ to satirize human to satirize human vanityvanity

⑼ ⑼ to inhabit that islandto inhabit that island ⑽ ⑽ to admire their to admire their

couragecourage ⑾ ⑾ to neglect one’s dutyto neglect one’s duty ⑿ ⑿ to escape the to escape the

consequencesconsequences

1). From Chinese into English1). From Chinese into English

⒀ ⒀ to erase it from one’s memoryto erase it from one’s memory to take command⒁ to take command⒁ to block one’s way⒂ to block one’s way⒂ to ruin one’s reputation⒃ to ruin one’s reputation⒃

⑴ ⑴ 年久失修的防御工事年久失修的防御工事 ⑵⑵ （美国历史上的）擅自（美国历史上的）擅自

占用土地的人所搭建的临占用土地的人所搭建的临时简陋房子时简陋房子

⑶ ⑶ 储物缸储物缸 ⑷ ⑷ 容易变质的商品容易变质的商品 ⑸ ⑸ 社会习俗社会习俗 ⑹ ⑹ 摇摇晃晃，头重脚轻的摇摇晃晃，头重脚轻的

酒鬼酒鬼 ⑺ ⑺ 隐士住的山洞隐士住的山洞

⑻ ⑻ 当前的风云人物当前的风云人物 ⑼ ⑼ 英雄人物英雄人物 ⑽ ⑽ 一种带有历史使命感的一种带有历史使命感的

神态神态 ⑾ ⑾ 看人时如火一般的眼光看人时如火一般的眼光 ⑿ ⑿ 战争引起的恐慌战争引起的恐慌 ⒀ ⒀ 如雨点一般的石头如雨点一般的石头 ⒁ ⒁ 一小撮捣乱分子一小撮捣乱分子

2). From English into Chinese2). From English into Chinese

3.3. Translate Translate.. 1)1) How do you account for his strange behavior. How do you account for his strange behavior. 2)2) Let’s form a circle so that we can see each other Let’s form a circle so that we can see each other

when we talk.when we talk. 3)3) He appointed five people to handle the case. He appointed five people to handle the case. 4)4) She claims to possess an unusual ability— the ability She claims to possess an unusual ability— the ability

to cure diseases simply by her magic hand.to cure diseases simply by her magic hand. 5)5) In the story, this evil spirit often appeared in the form In the story, this evil spirit often appeared in the form

of a pretty lady.of a pretty lady. 6)6) Where can I get a roll of film? Where can I get a roll of film? 7)7) He rolled up the painting and said that he wouldn’t He rolled up the painting and said that he wouldn’t

part with it for anything less than half a million.part with it for anything less than half a million.

8)8) A woman lawyer has been recently appointed to the A woman lawyer has been recently appointed to the Supreme Court.Supreme Court.

9)9) Poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the Poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the crime rate.crime rate.

10)10) A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill. A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill. 11)11) He just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled. He just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled. 12)12) Let’s roll up our sleeves and start working. Let’s roll up our sleeves and start working. 13)13) he hoped that he would be appointed (as ) the he hoped that he would be appointed (as ) the

deputy general manager.deputy general manager. 14)14)Just give us a brief account of what actually Just give us a brief account of what actually

happened.happened. 15) 15) The police found a lot of valuables in his possession The police found a lot of valuables in his possession

which he could not account for.which he could not account for. 16)16) Our two countries should never fight again on any Our two countries should never fight again on any

account.account.

4. Complete these sentences4. Complete these sentences..

1)1) returned/escapedreturned/escaped

2)2) has expressed the wish to be a teacherhas expressed the wish to be a teacher

3)3) like Geneva best, except of course, Beijing like Geneva best, except of course, Beijing

4)4) finally decided to be a cookfinally decided to be a cook

5)5) join the revolutionary armyjoin the revolutionary army6)6) feed our peoplefeed our people7)7) be brought under controlbe brought under control8)8) provide better opportunities for our young peopleprovide better opportunities for our young people9)9) make a fool of himselfmake a fool of himself10)10) make it impossible for me to say nomake it impossible for me to say no11)11) inspire peopleinspire people12)12) he literally had nothing except the shirt on his backhe literally had nothing except the shirt on his back13)13) she just had to buy it/ she finished that very nightshe just had to buy it/ she finished that very night14)14) what what 15)15) what what

5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.

1)1) offoff

2)2) upup

3)3) roundround

4) in4) in

5) for, away5) for, away

6) On 6) On

7) over7) over

8) into 8) into

9)by9)by

10) in 10) in

11) out of, 11) out of, into into

12) On ,on, 12) On ,on, atat

7. Translate with special attention to the different meanings 7. Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words which happen to have the same of the same word or words which happen to have the same spelling.spelling.

1) 1) 这事和我们没有关系，他弄错了抱怨的对象。（这事和我们没有关系，他弄错了抱怨的对象。（ to barkto bark 狗叫）狗叫）

22 ）我们都知道摆脱旧传统很难。（）我们都知道摆脱旧传统很难。（ conventionconvention 传统习惯）传统习惯） 33 ）这树的皮里含有某种对癌症有疗效的物质。（）这树的皮里含有某种对癌症有疗效的物质。（ bark of a tbark of a t

reeree 树皮）树皮）４）共和党大会将在芝加哥召开。（４）共和党大会将在芝加哥召开。（ conventionconvention 年会）年会）５）他们计划在那里地下深处钻一个洞来埋藏核废料。但是５）他们计划在那里地下深处钻一个洞来埋藏核废料。但是

那可能是十分危险的。（那可能是十分危险的。（ to drill a holeto drill a hole 钻个洞）钻个洞） 66 ）语言训练需要大量的练习。但远不止这一个方面。（）语言训练需要大量的练习。但远不止这一个方面。（ drildril

ll 操练）操练） 77 ）他们为她准备了一顿极其丰富的酒席，希望它能有助于）他们为她准备了一顿极其丰富的酒席，希望它能有助于

他们弄到那个合同。（他们弄到那个合同。（ an elaborate mealan elaborate meal 一顿丰盛的饭）一顿丰盛的饭）

88 ）我们对这个计划只有一个大致的了解。你能否详细讲讲？）我们对这个计划只有一个大致的了解。你能否详细讲讲？（（ to elaborate on sthto elaborate on sth 对某问题作进一步的发挥或提供更多的对某问题作进一步的发挥或提供更多的细节）细节）

99 ）在昏暗的房间里，瞳孔就放大，好让更多的光线进入。（）在昏暗的房间里，瞳孔就放大，好让更多的光线进入。（ ppupilupil 瞳孔）瞳孔）

1010 ）那男子又高又瘦，两眼目光锐利，鼻子又高又尖。（）那男子又高又瘦，两眼目光锐利，鼻子又高又尖。（ sharsharp eyesp eyes 锐利的眼睛；锐利的眼睛； a sharp nosea sharp nose 又高又尖的鼻子）又高又尖的鼻子）

1111 ）她机制敏锐，伶牙俐齿。（）她机制敏锐，伶牙俐齿。（ a sharp wita sharp wit 十分机智；十分机智； a shaa sharp tonguerp tongue 说话尖刻利害）说话尖刻利害）

1212 ）那骑车人急转弯，失去了平衡。（）那骑车人急转弯，失去了平衡。（ a sharp turna sharp turn 突然的大突然的大转弯）转弯）

1313 ）这些学生当然很年轻，但是他们都很聪明，你别小看他们。）这些学生当然很年轻，但是他们都很聪明，你别小看他们。（（ pupilspupils 学生；学生； sharpsharp 聪敏，精明）聪敏，精明）

1414 ）“别再胡说八道了）“别再胡说八道了 ,” ,” 她厉声说道。（她厉声说道。（ to say sharplyto say sharply 厉声厉声说，毫不客气地说）说，毫不客气地说）

1515 ）根据证词，这男孩十点整买的这把锋利的刀。）根据证词，这男孩十点整买的这把锋利的刀。 1616 ）你今天看上去很帅，你哪儿买的这间新夹克？（）你今天看上去很帅，你哪儿买的这间新夹克？（ to look sto look s

harpharp 看上去动人的，时髦的）看上去动人的，时髦的）

4. Translating the sentences into English.4. Translating the sentences into English. 1) Never before in history has the country been so prosp1) Never before in history has the country been so prosp

erous as it is now.erous as it is now. 2) Not a single word did he utter throughout the half-day 2) Not a single word did he utter throughout the half-day

debate.debate. 3) At the head of the parade marched the guards of hono3) At the head of the parade marched the guards of hono

r.r. 4) Hardly had the two of them met when they began joki4) Hardly had the two of them met when they began joki

ng about each other.ng about each other. 5) Not until Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang’s hut for the third 5) Not until Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang’s hut for the third

time did the latter agree to give up his life as a hermit.time did the latter agree to give up his life as a hermit.

Key to the ExercisesKey to the Exercises GrammarGrammar

6) Not only did she refuse to accept the award for the be6) Not only did she refuse to accept the award for the best director, she also refused to give any explanation.st director, she also refused to give any explanation.

77 ）） Nowhere else in the country have I seen beautiful gNowhere else in the country have I seen beautiful gardens as in Suzhou.ardens as in Suzhou.

8) At one end of the room is a CEO-type of desk; behind 8) At one end of the room is a CEO-type of desk; behind it stands a large bookcase.it stands a large bookcase.

9) Present at the commencement were teachers, parents 9) Present at the commencement were teachers, parents and a vice-minister of education.and a vice-minister of education.

10) Only at home does he feel at ease though he’s a gre10) Only at home does he feel at ease though he’s a great traveler and has been to many countries.at traveler and has been to many countries.

6.complete each of the following sentences with th6.complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answere most likely answer. .

1) D 3) C 5) C 7) D 9) C 11) D 13) A 15)B1) D 3) C 5) C 7) D 9) C 11) D 13) A 15)B

2) A 4) B 6) B 8) A 10) B 12) D 14) C2) A 4) B 6) B 8) A 10) B 12) D 14) C

The EndThe EndThank you!Thank you!

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Diogenes and Alexander Gilbert Highet presented by Song Xini