Dinosaurs 81

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Anchisaurus keep together to tryand scare off predators I930

Leaellynasaura hunt for food inLate Cretaceous Australia 1932

TLEILFLI|llEMore fascinating trivia and the

weekly quiz 1942

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'



This small plant-eaterwas one of the

first dinosaurs to be discovered in

NorthAmerica.

‘ bout 210 million years ago,in the Early Jurassic Period,herds ofAnchisaurus plodded

across the lake shores insearch of food.

They were some of the earliest plant-

eating dinosaurs on Earth.These peaceful

grazers probably feasted on the earlyhorsetails and ferns that flourished bythe edge of the water.

UP AND DOWNAnchisaurus hada front-heavy body—o it

probably walked on all-fours as well as on

two legs. The dinosaur may have rearedup on its hind legs to reach the plant tops.It probably used its short front legs to

steady its long, heavybodywhen it was on

the move.Anchisauruswould have held its

large thumb claws offthe ground to stopthem getting damaged.

~o-»%;>.s.“

ANCIENT SAUROPOD

The long-neckedAnchisauruswas a

prosauropod—primitive version of the

giant sauropods such as Brachiosaurus,

which lived millions ofyears later.

TIP TOPAnchisaurus was one of the first dinosaurs

to be able to crane its neck upwards to find

more food. Other plant-eaters living at thesame time were short, stocky creatures

with short necks. Theywere unable to

reachthe tender green shoots that grew

higher up. ButAnchisaurus could alwaysfind plenty ofjuicy leaves to eat.

SHARP TEETH

Anchisaurus had saw-edged, pencil-shapedteeth. It used them to shred the

leafytwigs

and ferns it fed on. The dinosaur probablystuffed the plant pieces into its mouthwith its hands, so that nothingfell outwhile it was eating.

1921



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Uta,

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cceiwmgsFirst, the teeth

ground

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toad into a pulp, then special digestive juicesinthemouthacted onthe food,making iteasier tor the stomach todigest. But ;, .3some ofthe plant-eating sauropods—

D

includingAnchisaurus - swallowed .their Food in larger chunks. They _

could digest it in their stomachsbecause they swallowed gastroliths(stomach stones) - see the crosssection

otadinosaur’s stomach,lett.Asthe muscles churned the

Food in the stomach, the stones

helped grind it.Today, many animals,

includingostriches, use this method.Gastroliths

IT'SA GRINDPlant-eatershave to devour a lot of food to

fuel their bodieswith energy. Anchisaurusmust have had an extremely largestomach to digest all that plantmaterial.Like other herbivores,Anchisaurus mayhave swallowed small pebbles, known as‘stomach stones’, to help it digest its food.The stones pressed down on the plant bits

during digestion, andhelpedgrind theminto pulpmore quickly.

O NAME:Anchisaurus (Q-ki-Q-us) means

’near lizard’O GROUP: dinosaurO SIZE: 2 - 4m long

1

O FOOD: plants.LIVED: about 210million years ago in EarlyJurassic NorthAmerica

W,-_'~ ‘.>.=\r

1922



With its long neckandstrong back

legs,Anchisauruswas able to

stretch up to the

highest branchesto reach the most

succulent leaves.

l 4 » 4 m >1

BANDAIDFossil footprints show thatAnchisaurusmoved about in herds.They probablybanded together for protection.Bigmeat-

eaters,'such as Dilophosaurus, Were less

likely to attack a largegroup ofanimals,and twenty pairs ofeyes were better than

one for spottingpotentialpredators.

ON THE RUN

Anchisauruswas as long as a man is tall,but lighter. It was probably fairly fast on

its feet andmight have outrun a hungrycarnivore. If the plant-eaterwas cornered,it couldhave struck outwith its greatcurved"thumb claws to defend itself.

Anchisaurus was probablyAmerica's first

knowndinosaur. But itwas notcorrectly

identifiedfor about 100years. The firstfossilwas found in l8l 8, but itwas

thought tobepartofa human skeleton.

Itwasn't until l855 that experts realised

itwas partofan animal. Itwas then

reclassified as a dinosaur. Itwas finallyidentifiedas Anchisaurus in W12.

1923



IDEN'I'IKI'l'

PYROTIIER/I/MPyrotherium looked like a large I _,lephant,with tusks and a long nose. lflmfvV"

he fossils ofPyrotherium 'were discovered in beds of *

ancientVolcano ash. So it Lwas named the ‘fire beast’.

I4 3m >

MIGHTY ROOTER

Pyrotherium W a s a plant-eater like today’s INVASION

elephant. But insteadofhavingjust one When animals from NorthAmerica movedpair of tusks, it had a range of chisel- in, they drove Pyrotherium out.

shaped tusks to help it feed. Pyrotherium Pyrotherium died out because it Was not as

probably used its odd-looking tusks to root successful at hunting for the same food.

up tasty bulbs and shoots.

SPLENDID ISOLATION

The bigplant-eater was one ofmany K

‘

.prehistoric animals that evolved inSouthAmerica. Because thecontinent W a s cut offfrom the restof the world by sea, these animals\developed successfullyaway fro ‘\

I

many other animals. But things >-

changed when North andSouth!America became joined two

I

million years ago.3

.NAME: Pyrofherium (py-ro-fie_e-ree-um)means ’tirebeast’.GROUP:mammal

C SIZE: 3m long.FOOD: plants.

LIVED: about 35 million years ago in the

Oligocene inSouth America

1924



IDENTIKIT

K/WNEMEYRIATh's h ge mammal-l'ke rept'|e as , _ _aslbiguas a hippopotlamus.

I W

(‘/7l/’”

annemeyria belonged to one

of themost successful groupsofmammal—like reptiles—he

dicynodonts. ,_ 3m

_IGGERAND BE1TER

The bulky plant—eater was fatter than

today’s hippopotamus. It had a gigantic,barrel-like rib cage,which gave lots ofroom for 3 long gull Its headwas huge: .NAME:Kannemeyria (Q1_-ah-m_ay-er-ee-a)t0O, but Was SO Could means 'fromKcmnemerer'

move around. Therewere large openings 0 GROUP: mammal-like reptilein its skull for itsmassivejaw muscles. C SIZE: up to3m long.FOOD:plants1'EAR|NGAND 5|-|REpp|N(; O LIVED: about 220millionyears clgo in the

Kan/nemeyria probably ate rather ljka EarlyTriassic Period inSouth America,

today’s turtle. It sheared through its food 3°”ll‘Alli“! “loll” °“°l Russia , ~v

with its sharp—edged jaws. Strongmuscles ;\ 1/L‘helped it cut and chew tough stems and a

roots. It probably tore up hugemouthf .Sof plants with its horny beak.

SLOW BUT sun; ;Such a bulkycfieatu’

i

neededheavyof bone in its ”to support,’

‘A

l i ‘

huge bodywhen

pit ,



imaginsa ya»we in Ncrlh America,

inWycming. Butwhatya: 3% arm’!wheat prairies andshe» facahilis offlise Rocky Mountains.Yma arafiwerae in LateJurassic fimes!

us:safari begins 150miilionyears sign on a dusty plain, Away

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1:0 the 1103:1311, nearwhere theUnitedS?tatesiCanadian bogcder now lies,i:h.e1*eL is a shallow inland sea. It used tobemuch bigger. The plain is its dried~up bed.There are still lakes here and there, andstreams trickle down from the Rockies.

WHEREDINOSAURSDRINK

Youare standing beside one of the lakes.. The shore hasbeen churned up and youcan seehugeVfontp1'i11ts. This is the dry

V

season and the lake has almost dried up.When the rains start, the streamswillflow faster and the lakewillfill up again.

wesnuacpoa couumv’

« fiesyite the lack ofrain, the banks of thea

stream are thick with vegetatien. Asyouupstream towards the highlands,

you catch glimpses of the animals thatmade the gigantic fcatpxints aiong the

edge cf‘the lake.This is the country cf the

saumpod. Hugedust clcuds signalwhereherds ofApatosaurus are travellirxg ft-cmsane feedingground ta ancther. They keeptogether in tight graups in case they areattackedby big meat-eaters, such as

Ailesayms grCercztasaurus.

V

V 1926

5

IV

Jurassic North

,9

51‘I



WORL

4}J

,

Start here! Your safari begins beside

this lake. Follow the path, shown in red,

"through the mountains to the shore.

The main part of our Jurassic map is now partL

of the USA. The blue map,above, shows the

area today, divided into the states ofAmerica.

The black part shows where the landwas in

Jurassic times,when our safari takes place.1\

V, , ,

5 N w

Perhaps thewooded slopes looked like this The dry Jurassic plain may have been

inforest inNew Zealand. something like this African grassland.



TALL FEEDERS

Here and there, on the wooded river

banks, you can see herds ofDiplodocus.

They rise up on their hind legs, reachingtheir longnecks highup into the trees to

eat. The trees are bare ofbranches up to

the highest point the sauropods can reach.

Occasionally,you catch glimpses of other

sauropods, such as Brachiosaurus.Camarasaurus lives here too.

HERE COMES THE RAIN

As you continue your journey, the wet

season begins and the rains fall. Ferns

springupin the open areas between the

streams. The cycads put out new bunchesofpalm-like fronds on top of their barrel-

shaped trunks. The sauropods are still on

the move, enjoying the fresh vegetation.And you can see many other animals out

looking for food.

The scene below shows the sort of

countrysidethat

youwill be

journeyingthrough after the rains fall. Remember to

keep an eye out for the meat-eaters!

Stegosrus

A BEAST OFOPEN COUNTRY

In the distant open spaces, you see the

jagged silhouette of a Stegosaurus. This

platedplant-eater prefers the drier open

spaces. Out in the open, its plates will not

become entangled in branches, andtheWind can keep itsmassive body cool.

SMALLER CREATURES

Pterosaurs sweep down, screeching over

your head. They probably think you are a

small, but dangerous, meat—eatingdinosaur. There are somedinosaurs livinghere that are just your size. Swift andferocious Ornitholestes and Coelurus, for

instance.Watch out for them! These two-legged predators can run very fast, andcan catch their victims in long, clawed

fingers and sharp teeth.

TOTHE HILLS

After many days’ travel you see themountains ahead, and you start to climbinto the foothills. The scenery changes

completely.Now you are walking up

wooded hillsides. Great tree ferns, coveredwith creepers, tower above you.



HIDDENANIMALSAnimal life is different here, too,but youcannot really see it. It is hidden in the

thick undergrowth. Some plants havethorns more than 2cm long. They probably

protect the plants against bigbrowsinganimals!More than once, however, youcome across a great armoured ankylosaur

feeding in a clearing. It is difficult to saywhat kind it is, but it is quite primitive.

OVER THE MOUNTAIN...At last you come to themountains.

Pterosaurs soar around the peaks, but,

apartfrom them, there is very little

animal life. Slowly;-youmake, your waythrough”the-mountain passes‘.57’Then you

begin to descend towards the-ocean.

...AND DOWN TOTHE SEA

Again, you pass throughwooded foothills.

But now, through the leaves, you catch a

glimpse ofwater ahead ofyou. You caneven see a string of islands, with smokingvolcanoes. This is where the

edgeof the

continent is beingcrushed andpushed upto form mountains.

_ A that ankylosaurs livedA

a_“

»E :

during the Jurassic?ln recent years, ankylosaur fossils have

been "found in the Morrison’Formation,

which is made up of layers of rock stretchingalong the foothills ofthe Rockies, fromMontana to

New‘Mexico. The muds,‘sands and gravels whichformed these rocks were laid down by streams

running across a plain in Late Jurassic times. Some

of the bestzdinosaursfiskeletons have been found

here. The ankylosaur fossils were not very well

preserved and scientists think they were washeddown from the uplands, where these beasts lived.

THE OCEANThe coastline is clutteredwith islands.

T he_.offshore islands are gradually beingwelded to the.edge of the continent,making it bier.At the bottom of the

cliffs, plesiosaurs and icthyosaurs swim in

the surf. Pterosaursdive down onto the

fish that have been disturbed by the bigreptiles.And beyond that?A vast ocean,far

largerthan the Pacific

today,reaches

“

towards distant lands thatwill eventuallybecome themoderncontinent ofAsia.





In Early Jurassic NorthAmerica, a herd of

tsaurusiis conmbing a dry, barreniandscape for itsnextmea|..1'o protect

themselves from predatorymeat-eaters, the

e L Anchisaurus try to stick close together.Nearby,a Dilophosauruswatches the herd,

waiting untiloneAnchisaurusbecomesseparated from the rest,before

launchingd its attack.



‘:.y...m1u1s¥W.“W~*2..—9-n.«7a



In Late Cretaceous

Australia, a herd of

Leaellynasaura is

scouring the dusty

land for a meal.Known as ‘dinosaur

gazelles’, thesechicken-sized plant-eaters are always on

their guard, and canmove swiftly if theysense danger.

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SPO'I"I'ER’S GUIDE

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LONGAND SHORTOrnithocheirus spearedslippery fish for its food.

This pterosaur had longjaws linedwith short,sharp teeth.A parent

pterosaur may have storedfish in a special throat

pouch to takeback tothe nest. A youngOrnithocheirus could use

its longbeak to pick thefish out of the pouch.Today’s pelicans havethroat pouches like this.

any pterosaurslived nearwater.

They swoopeddown from the Mesozoic cliffsand rocks to catch food. Somehunted for fish, some snapped

at insects, and others sievedup tinywater creatures. Many

pterosaurs caught their foodwhile in the air. But some juststood still and dabbled for it in

the shallows. Pterosaursevolved their different head

shapes to help them feed indifferent ways.

' 5

PLUCKY EATERDsungaripterus had amazingjaws thatcurved upwards at the end. It probablyused them like a pair ofgiant tweezers,to pluck small crabs and shellfishoff

,

the rocks.Dsungaripterus cracked the'

shells open on specially flatteneds

teeth at the back of itsmouth. Its

bony crest may havehelpedDsungaripterus to steady itselfas _

it soared through the sky.

1934



SPO'I"I'EIl'S GUIDE

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FILTER FEEDER

Pterodaustro is known as the ‘flamingo TOOTHLESSWONDER

pterosaur’because experts think it fed like Quetzalcoatlushad slim, toothless jaws. It

today’s flamingo.Its lower

jawwas lined fed on creatures that lived in muddy pools

with a sieve, made up ofthousands of long, and picked offbits offlesh from carcasses.narrow teeth. Pterodaustro fed on the

shrimp—like creatures it found in the mud. SNAP HAPPY

Anurognathus had a short, blunt head. Its

GRIP FAST mouth was studdedwith tiny, peg—like

Preondactylushad long, beak-likejaws teeth. It snapped up dragonflies or wood

and forward-pointing front teeth. It waspswhile it was in flight.probably ploughed itslower jaw throughthe surface of thewater as it flew along.

Pr@@m@l@J@fiyu”ar§ (Heft)

prsfeotfoaly fishesl like smcojfil, blunt i*e_.,r_. La‘ .

gselficomo[o3r©fo3@:E@Hy lives] on ~'i;15ecfi‘s3



for them to eat their fill, before

Prehistoric

scavengersWhen a dinosaur died, its bodywas

not just left to rot. There were plentyof creatures more than happy to take

advantage of an easymeal.

nimals in the Wild die forr many reasons. Some arekilledby predators, others die of

old age or illness.But their bodies do not

stay around for long. A dead animal

provides a tastymeal for an entire army of

scavengers, from large mammals to tinybacteria. Scavengers are nature’s refuse

collectors, clearingaway unwantedrubbish. Without them, the world wouldbe litteredwith rottingcarcasses.

FOOD NOT FOSSILS

Why are most fossils the remains ofplantsand animals thatwere buried soon after

they died? One reason is that scavengers

quickly remove anything left out in the

open. Only in very coldor very dry places doanimal remains stay untouched.

LAZY HUNTERSThe biggest scavengers today are flesh-

eaters, such as hyenas andjackals.Although these creatures canhunt for

themselves, they also prowlaround otheranimals that have madekills,waiting

moving in for theleftovers.

..,,,,. ,

IN FORTHE KILLIt was probably thesame in the days of thedinosaurs. In the Late

Cretaceous, packs offierce Dromaeosaurus hunted large

A

plant-eatingdinosaurs, such asTriceratops. Dromaeosauruswas a

relatively small dinosaur, but it was

fast-moving. The pack slashed at its

preyuntil it was too weak to fightback. Onlywhen ithadcollapsed tothe ground didDromaeosaurusmove in forthe11.



Although

hyenas are

good hunters,

they will often

feed on lions’

kills once thelions have

eaten their fill.

MOVE OVER!

Often, larger, slower-moving carnivores,such as mighty Tyrannosaurus rex, were

attracted by the stench ofblood in the air.

They followed the scent to the scene of'

the kill, and lurkednearby, Waitingto steal the meal.When the preyWas dead, or almost so, T rex would

move in. The smaller dinosaurswere driven offand the giantwas

left to eat his fill.

OUR MEAL TOO!

But the pack ofDromaeosaurus

didnot give up that easily!

Theywaited nearby, andsnatchedmouthfuls of food

while T rex was busy eating.

,_And,when the giant had7 finished feeding, there was still

plenty left forDromaeosaurusand

other smaller creatures.

Packs of Dromaeosauruswere fierce hunters.They were

able to kill large prey, such as Triceratops. But larger

predators,such as Tyrannosaurus rex,were able to bullytheir way through and steal their kills. Smaller scavengers,such

as rodentsand

bugs,also came to feed.

1937



LEFTOVERS NIGHT FEEDERSNeither Tyrannosaurus rex nor As darkness fell, smallmammals such asDromaeosauruswould have eaten the Purgatoris,which lived and fed likeentire Triceratops carcass. Other hungry shrews,would have crept out to feed at themeat-eaters, attractedby the smell of the remains. They would have snapped up the

meat, would havehurried along. Large maggots that hadhatched from eggs laidlizards, like the monitor lizards of today, by the flies that had fed earlier in the day.andsmaller dinosaurs, such asChirostenotes andStruthiomimus, may THE BARE BONEShave come to feed on the softer parts of Eventually, all that would havebeen left ofthe dead animal. They would also have that once great beast, Triceratops,wouldmade a meal of the lizards!Many insects, have been its bones, pickedco15n‘p‘letely

if

such as flies andbeetles,Wouldhave clean by the scavengers.crawled over the remains, feeding and

laying their eggs.When the eggs hatched, There were similar

scavenging scenes in'

the Jurassic.When a

uglarge dinosaur like"

the maggotswould havehada meal, too.

FLYINGSCAVENGERS ; «

. . r ,

Just like the vultures of today, toothed §\B'°°l::’5‘|'3"':|’5:|':d’birds, such as Ichthyornis,may have

‘i 7,° ° 7 3 °

nu u of.animals,fluttered above the heads of the

scavengers.As soon as they saw a chance,theywouldhave diveddown to snatch amouthful ofmeat from the carcass.

THAT NlEAT'EATlNG DINOSAURS

COULD NOT CRUSH BONES.

The teeth ofcarnivorous dinosaurs were

designed for slashing and carving.

They did nothave strong enough teeth

or jaws tocrush bones. The bones ofaCamarasaurus fromWyoming, in the

USA,have been foundwith large,grooved toothmarks, cut soon atter thecreature died. But none ofthe bones

had been crushed.

O C O D O I O O I C O O O O O I O C O O O O O I O O

1938



MUMMIFIED

Not all dinosaur carcasses were eaten inthis Way.Severalmummified dinosaurshave been unearthed. This happenswhenthe body,with skin and flesh intact, dried

out completely before being fossilized. Thismeans that scavengers hadnot beenableto strip all themeat and bones from thedead dinosaur. Perhaps these preserveddinosaurs died in an area where

scavenging dinosaurs and animals couldnot reach them. Or perhaps, millions of

years ago, there were fewer scavengers atwork than there are today.

Not all dinosaur carcasses were picked clean by

scavengers. Sometimes the bodies dried outbefore becoming fossils. This means experts can

study fossils of flesh and skin, such as this

Eclmontosaurus skin (above), as well as bones.

1939



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3 . m°""‘*9*hink¢;,a,Ichthyosaurusholdsallthe answers. Trunk likeanale

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The teeth of carnivorousdinosaurs could: Dsungaripterus had iaws like:

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a) crush bones a) a sieveb)~sh’red tough leaves

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b) a lion's E

c) slash and carve flesh _ c) giant tweezersE

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remains are the result of: _ K""i"9"‘eY"l“iW"$=V

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The small plant-eaterAnchisaurus lived in:

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c) itwas found in volcanic ashM



Notnew news

You probablythink the idea

that birdsevolvedfrom

isanexcitingnew

theory.Butthe lfictoriah

naturalist,ThomasHenry

l-luxlev,proposeditsoonafter

thefirstArehaeopteryxwas

digeavereol in186$.The idea

felloutoffavour in1426

when theDanish

palaenhtnlagist,Gerhardounceol it, and

it

dinosaurs

l-lelimanh.den

Animal remains

that turn into

usually:

buriedvery q u i

Which of these

,ldih°$<‘-Iurs movedin large herds‘-‘

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.

llosaurus

AP‘-"°5a,urus

Answers to t’

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5‘9“? |hs.Icle~bag;



AOEIVTRI/RI/5'

’irst decide on the basic shape ofyour Draw lines in the shape to showwhere

dinosaur. Draw this with a pencil in the mainparts of the body go—mark

themiddle of a piece ofpaper. From this angle where the legs join the body, for example. Draw

Dacentrurus looks a bit like a shed. a line to showwhere the plates and spines go.

I XDraw in the outline ofDacentrurus, Look at the plates and tail spines. You

following the lines you made in Step 2. can only see part of the row behind.

Don’t press too hardwith your pencil, so you This row looks smaller because it is further

can rub out the lines if you make a mistake. away. It is also darker because it is in shadow.

Try to copy the

rough texture otDacentrurus’ skin

andplates.



Keep your copies safe and neatwith thesefantastic binders.

Your binders have beendesigned to look good at home or at school. Each is

sturdy andhardwearing—t even has a wipe-clean cover—ndholds 13

issues.You’l1Want to use your DINOSAURS? collectionagain and again—

for reference, for school projects, or just for fun. So don't le tyour copies gomissing;keep them in your own setof binders.

DINOSAURS!bindersarenowavailable andcost just £4.95

(including£1 p&p).Please refer to theinformation on theinside front coveror telephone 0424755755 for details.

Three fascinatingcreatures in IDENTIKIT

andHISTORY IN PICTURES

3-D GALLERY

GIANTS OF THE PAST

1PICTURECREDITS: Front cover:Graham Rosewarne.V GeraldCubifi/BruceColeman 1927BR;ARHomblin/FLPA I935TR;WWisniewski/FLPA I937TR;TheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London 1922TL, I939TR,

. I943TR;Bric1nHawkes/NHPA I926BR;ChrisfopheRaiier/NHPA l927BR;DougPerrine/Planet Earih

I Pictures I934BR. Artwork: DavidAngus 1926-7;V RobinCc1rier/WLAA I928-9B;MikeDorey I940-I ;Wayne Ford/WLAA I938-9;Angelo Horgreaves/

‘ WLAA I924, 1925;BobMathias I944; DeidreI McHoIeBC; NickPike I930-I ;Graham Rosewarne

1921,1922-3, 1944BR;PeterDavidScott/WLAAI936-7; Simon Turvey/WLAA I934TL,TR, 1935TL,BL;SieveWhife I932-3.



have been found preserved__inrro.c:1:s which .

DrDavidNormanofCambridgeUniversity answers yourdinosaur questions

What isthemag)‘excitingdinosaur _\ / Didprehrisforricmammalsfmdmthe last fave years? i

a

have strongerfeeflh thanThere havebeen so many dinosaur mgajf‘-A-gaflngdmogaurg?

finds in recent years that.it’s very J1 l . The answer really dependshard to pick themost exc1t1ng! .

’uponwhich Sort of teeth

One reaiiy interestingfind’/

you are talking about. Theconcerns somework that has

i

leng, thin, Stabbing teethbeen done in England. It which lined the jaws ofinvolved carefully removing the large theropodswereparts of the shell from dinosaur

’;, incredibly Strong But

eggs found in China. Inside some, carnivorous mammals

Ofthe eggs: the tiny enibryenie \T

havemuchmore complicatedbenee Ofbaby dineeaiirer PreSerVed in teeth than dinosaurs. Behind the

great detail, Were f0i1nd- stabbing (canine) teeth, their cheek teeth

_ (molars) have spikes andsharp ridges forW83?» puncturingflesh, shearingmeat and, in

inprghigfaru; ggag? some cases, crunching bones.

The remains ofjellyfish-like creatures These eerie ef teeth aremuch

re

‘

“dinosaur teeth;appear to date back some 600million

years to the end of the Precambrian. Thefirst of these fossilswere

discavered in the FlindersV. "°Mountains ofSeuth

T

Australia. The bedies of /

7 jellyfish are very seft, iWW‘ and so suchdiscoveries

are rare as these creaturesin

weak}net«

i ieaxre animgerinisiaa T ;

lllldjgieeenrfacenafi

f

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Str9nger: on average» theatre >

Documents

Dinosaurs 81