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Economic Developmentand Environment

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Economic Development

Economic development is a broad term that generally refers to thesustained, concerted effort of policymakers and community to promotethe standard of living and economic health in a specific area. Such effortcan involve multiple areas including development of human

capital, critical infrastructure, regional competitiveness, environmentalsustainability, social inclusion, health, safety, literacy, and otherinitiatives. Economic development differs from economic growth.Whereas economic development is a policy intervention endeavour withaims of economic and social well-being of people, economic growth is aphenomenon of market productivity and rise in GDP.

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Economic Development in India

The economic development in India followed socialist-inspiredpolicies for most of its independent history, including state-ownership of many sectors; extensive regulation and redtape known as "Licence Raj"; and isolation from the world economy.India's per capita income increased at only around 1% annualizedrate in the three decades after Independence.Since the mid-1980s,India has slowly opened up its markets through economicliberalization. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and theirrenewal in the 2000s, India has progressed towards a free marketeconomy.

In the late 2000s, India's growth has reached 7.5%, which will doublethe average income in a decade. Analysts say that if India pushedmore fundamental market reforms, it could sustain the rate andeven reach the government's 2011 target of 10%. States have largeresponsibilities over their economies.

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Economic development and environmentissues India and China Comparison

China and India are the fastest growing economies in theworld and their growing industries are two majorpollutant dischargers. China and India's enormouseconomic and demographic development is blamed byother nations, who say that they have annihilated theirreduction efforts, for the rise in carbon emissions.

Emissions of fossil-fuel combustion have decreased in theindustrialised world, whereas they have increased in

these two countries, although their average CO2emissions per inhabitant were still below average.

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Comparison

In India, the main polluting factors are therapid urbanisation and industrialisation,along with population growth.Greenhouse-gases-induced climate changewill lead to a rise in temperatures thatmight negatively impact crop cultures and

provoke more heat-wave deaths, anincrease in rainfall which might lead tomore floods and growing difficulties topredict the exact time of monsoons. Froman economic point of view, these changescould prove harmful for India unless thegovernment takes rapid action. India'sgrowing industrialisation andurbanisation process is responsible for alarge part of CO2 emissions, one of themain sources of air pollution, butsignificant variations can be seen amongIndian states.

China's main polluters are located inwestern and coastal areas. Despitehaving improved the quality of life ofChinese people, the rapid economicdevelopment and industrialisation

has resulted into wide-spread air andwater pollution, smog and an increasein primary energy consumption. Thecountry seems to be poised to causemore environmental damage thanIndia. Despite its population growing

less fast than India, China's emissionsremain higher and pollution there ismore apparent.

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The Indian Mining Sector: Effect

on environment

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Thank You

By: Dilip Solanki

IM-2K7-29