DIKTAT
SISTEM BASIS DATA
(SBD)
Oleh:
Raissa Amanda Putri, S.Kom., M.T.I.
NIP. 198907102018012002
FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
2020
i
DIKTAT
SISTEM BASIS DATA
(SBD)
Oleh:
Raissa Amanda Putri, S.Kom., M.T.I.
NIP. 198907102018012002
FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
2020
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim…
Dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis menyampaikan puji dan syukur
kepada Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan karuniaNya maka penulis dapat
menyelesaikan diktat mata kuliah Sistem Basis Data ini.
Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih atas dukungan dan bantuan dari
para pimpinan, rekan – rekan dosen, teman sejawat di lingkungan Universitas Islam
Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan atas terselesaikannya diktat ini. Semoga diktat mata
kuliah Sistem Basis Data ini dapat bermanfaat serta membantu dan mendukung
tercapainya tujuan dari proses belajar mengajar di UIN Sumatera Utara.
Penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan pada
diktat ini, dan penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari berbagai pihak agar diktat
ini dapat diperbaiki pada revisi berikutnya. Akhir kata, semoga segala upaya yang
penulis lakukan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua dan mendapat berkah dari
Allah SWT. Aamiin…
Medan, Februari 2020
Raissa Amanda Putri, S.Kom.,M.T.I.
iii
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
1. Pengantar .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Basic File System ....................................................................................... 1
1.2. Basis Data .................................................................................................. 2
1.3. Database Management System (DBMS) ................................................... 2
1.4. Aplikasi Sistem Basis Data ....................................................................... 3
1.5. Tujuan Sistem Basis Data .......................................................................... 4
1.6. Bahasa Basis Data ..................................................................................... 7
2. Basis Data Relasional ....................................................................................... 9
2.1. Model Data ................................................................................................ 9
2.2. Struktur Basis Data Relasional .................................................................. 9
2.3. Skema Basis Data .................................................................................... 10
2.4. Kunci ....................................................................................................... 11
2.5. Skema Diagram ....................................................................................... 12
3. Structured Query Language (SQL) ................................................................ 14
3.1. SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) ................................................... 14
3.1.1. Tipe Dasar Variabel SQL ................................................................ 14
3.1.2. Definisi Skema Dasar ...................................................................... 15
3.2. Kueri pada Satu Tabel ............................................................................. 17
iv
3.3. Kueri pada Multi Tabel ........................................................................... 19
3.4. Natural Join ............................................................................................. 21
3.5. Operasi Dasar Tambahan ........................................................................ 22
3.5.1. Operasi Rename .............................................................................. 22
3.5.2. Operasi String.................................................................................. 23
3.5.3. Spesifikasi Atribut pada Klausa Select ........................................... 24
3.5.4. Menyusun Tampilan Record .......................................................... 25
3.5.5. Predikan Klausa Where ................................................................... 25
3.6. Operasi Set ............................................................................................... 26
3.6.1. Union ............................................................................................... 26
3.6.2. Intersect ........................................................................................... 28
3.6.3. Except .............................................................................................. 28
3.7. Null .......................................................................................................... 29
3.8. Modifikasi Basis Data ............................................................................. 30
3.8.1. Delete .............................................................................................. 31
3.8.2. Insert ............................................................................................... 32
3.8.3. Update ............................................................................................. 33
4. Entity Relationship (ER) ................................................................................ 34
4.1. Entity Relationship Model ....................................................................... 34
4.2. Entitas ...................................................................................................... 34
4.2.1. Entitas Kuat dan Entitas Lemah ...................................................... 35
4.2.2. Entitas Asosiatif .............................................................................. 36
4.3. Atribut...................................................................................................... 36
4.3.1. Atribut Sederhana dan Komposit .................................................... 36
4.3.2. Atribut Bernilai Tunggal dan Multinilai ......................................... 37
4.3.3. Atribut yang diturunkan .................................................................. 37
v
4.4. Relasi ....................................................................................................... 38
4.5. Kardinalitas.............................................................................................. 39
4.6. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ....................................................... 41
4.6.1. Struktur Dasar ERD ........................................................................ 41
4.6.2. Derajat Relasi .................................................................................. 42
4.6.3. Batasan Kardinalitas........................................................................ 44
5. Perancangan Basis Data ................................................................................. 46
6. Normalisasi .................................................................................................... 48
6.1. Manfaat Normalisasi ............................................................................... 48
6.2. Ketergantungan dalam Normalisasi ........................................................ 48
6.3. Tahapan Normalisasi ............................................................................... 49
7. Query .............................................................................................................. 54
7.1. Membuat Basis Data................................................................................ 54
7.2. Membuat Tabel ........................................................................................ 54
7.3. Menambah Data....................................................................................... 54
7.4. Mengubah Data ....................................................................................... 55
7.5. Menghapus Data ...................................................................................... 55
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 56
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Skema Diagram untuk Basis Data Universitas ................................. 13
Gambar 4.1. Set Relasi Penasehat .......................................................................... 38
Gambar 4.2. Pemetaan K
