Digital Campus Consortium (DCC)

Shanghai Symposium

for the Joint Online Course, "Coexistence in Asia"

December 10, 2005

(@Fudan University, Shanghai, December 10, 2005)

February 2006 Digital Campus Consortium

―Table of Content―

I. Introduction …………… 2 (1) Outline of the Symposium …………… 2 (2) Program …………… 3 (3) Participants …………… 6 II. Details of Each Event during the Symposium …………… 8 (1) Opening Address …………… 8 (2) Keynote Speech …………… 11 (3) Student Presentation …………… 16 (4) Panel Discussion …………… 23 (5) Report on the Technical Staff Meeting …………… 33 (6) Closing Address …………… 34 III. Conclusion …………… 36 (1) Comments from Participating Professors …………… 36 (2) Student Essays …………… 37 Appendix (1) Program (2) Outline of the course, "Coexistence in Asia 2005" (3) Handout for the Keynote Speech (4) Handout for the Opening Address

[Fudan University Campus]

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I. Introduction (1) Outline of the Symposium

Theme: "Fostering a Global Citizen in Asia: New Trends of Interactive Cyber Seminars in Higher Education"

Date: 14:00-17:00 Saturday, December 10, 2005 Location: Yu Fu Ke Ji Lou 2F, Duo Gong Neng Ting, Fudan University, China Sponsors: Fudan University and Waseda University Support: Digital Campus Consortium

Participants invited to the symposium: One professor and one representative student from five universities participating in the joint

online course, “Coexistence in Asia” The five universities are: Fudan University (China), Korea University (Korea), National

University of Singapore (Singapore), Thammasat University (Thailand), and Waseda University (Japan)

Purpose of the symposium: “Coexistence in Asia,” a joint online course, has now entered its third year since its

inauguration in 2003 with the participation of five universities at the initiative of Waseda University. The symposium was designed to review the course’s past achievements and results in China. The symposium also discussed how best to promote cross-border cooperation among universities in educational programs while exploring the possibility of the industrial sector and the academic community joining forces to more effectively foster a "Global Citizen".

[Audience at the Symposium]

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(2) Programs

【Symposium】 Date: 14:00-17:00, December 10, 2005 14:00-14:10 Opening Address by Waseda University

Prof. Michiko Nakano Director of Waseda University Distance-Learning Center

14:10-14:50 Keynote Speech： “Sony’s Employment and HR Development Programs on

‘Global Localization’ Policy” Yoji Kato, Ph.D. Vice-President, Sony China R&D Group, China Technology Office General Manager, Sony SSNC China R&D Project

14:50-15:05 Break 15:05-15:40 Presentation of Certificate and Memorial Gifts to Representative Students

Prof. Michiko Nakano, Director, Waseda University Distance-Learning Center

Mr. Yasushi Sakata General Manager, Education & Public Sales Department, Sony Broadband Solutions Corp.

Student Presentation “What we should and could do to contribute to 'coexistence in Asia' in the near future” (Speech delivered by representative students from five participating universities) Speakers: Lee Hyo-Young (Korea University),

Sukit Sivanunsakul (Thammasat University), Wang Yu (Fudan University), Yamamoto Maki (Waseda University), Zheng Xinyi Cindy (National University of Singapore)

<Q&A session for 10 minutes>

15:40-16:40 Panel Discussion “How to foster 'Global Citizens' for Asia” (Discussion among the professors from the participating universities and Dr. Kato)

Panelists: Prof. Bhanupong Nidhiprabha (Thammasat University), Prof. Toshihiko Kinoshita (Waseda University), Prof. Mannsoo Shin (Korea University), Prof. Takashi Terada (National University of Singapore), Prof. Yong Qin Wang (Fudan University) *Coordinator

16:40-16:50 Reporting on technical staff meeting Prof. Yan HuaDirector of Network Center, Fudan University

16:50-17:00 Closing Address by Fudan University Dr. Chen Yin ZhangDirector of Foreign Affairs Office, Fudan University

【Related Programs】 Date: 9:00-12:00, December 10, 2005

■Technical Staff Meeting 【Participants】

Fudan University：Prof. Yan Hua (Director of Network Center), Mr. Xu Rong and Mr. Zhao Zeyu

Waseda University：Mr. Atsushi Ito, Mr. Kenji Omae, Mr. Yutaka Tajiri and Ms. Mika Shirota

【Time】9:00～12:00 【Place】Meeting Room #5, Duo Gong Neng Ting

The meeting was held to exchange technical information and discuss the issues related to the operation of the international joint online courses. During the meeting, technicians from both Fudan University and Waseda University figured out a better solution through their joint effort to improve the quality of the course in the technical aspects.

■Student Activity 【Participants】Participating students from each university（8 students in total） 【Time】9:00～12:00 【Place】Meeting Room #4, Duo Gong Neng Ting

■Faculty Meeting for the course, "Coexistence in Asia" in 2006 【Participants】Prof. Bhanupong Nidhiprabha (Thammasat University),

Prof. Toshihiko Kinoshita (Waseda University), Prof. Mannsoo Shin (Korea University), Prof. Takashi Terada (National University of Singapore), Prof. Yong Qin Wang (Fudan University) DCC staffs (Mr. Miura, Mr. Okubo, Ms. Haraguchi)

【Time】10:30～12:00 【Place】Meeting Room #1, Duo Gong Neng Ting

The meeting was held to review the student evaluation of the course and analyze the data of participating students in order to exchange views and opinions for the improvement of the course to be operated in 2006.

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■Special lecture on "World Englishes and Miscommunications" 【Participants】Prof. Michiko Nakano,

Fudan University students participating in the course, "World Englishes and Miscommunications"

【Time】 10:30～12:00 【Place】 Meeting Room #6, Duo Gong Neng Ting Prof. Nakano gave a lecture on the features of each variety of Englishes based on the live sessions being held during the international joint online course, "World Englishes and Miscommunications" in 2005. Followed by Prof. Nakano's lecture, Fudan University students were very active in asking questions and exchange views and opinions with Prof. Nakano.

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(3) Participants No Name Organization 1 Dr. Mannsoo

Shin Professor Korea University

Invited professor

2 Lee Hyo-young Korea University Representative Student 3 Hong Sang-Eun Korea University Student 4 Dr. Takashi

Terada Assistant Professor National University of Singapore

Invited professor

5 Zheng Xinyi Cindy

National University of Singapore Representative student

6 Sho Shibamoto National University of Singapore Student 7 Han Minli National University of Singapore Student 8 Dr. Bhanupong

Nidhiprabha Associate Professor Thammasat University

Invited professor

9 Sukit Sivanunsakul Thammasat University Representative student 10 Dr. Yong Qin

Wang Professor Fudan University ※in place of Prof. Zhang Jun

Invited professor

11 Dr. Chen Yin Zhang Director of Foreign Affairs Office Fudan University

12 Prof. Wang Ying Associate Professor Deputy Chief of General Teaching Affairs Office

13 Wang Yu Fudan University Representative student 14 Prof. Toshihiko

Kinoshita Waseda University Invited professor

15 Maki Yamamoto Waseda University Representative student 16 Yoji Kato Vice President, R&D Group, Sony (China)

Ltd. Beijing Invited speaker

17 Shigeru Aoki Director, Educational Programs Center (School Educational Programs), Program Production Department, Japan Broadcasting Corporation

Invited guest

18 Naoji Takagi Executive Director, Waseda University Chairman, Digital Campus Consortium Steering Committee

DCC

19 Yasushi Sakata General Manager, Education & Public Sales Department, Sony Broadband Solutions Corp.Vice-Chairman, Digital Campus Consortium Steering Committee

DCC

20 Dr. Michiko Nakano

Professor, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University Director, Distance Learning Center, Waseda University Supervising Director, Digital Campus Consortium

DCC

21 Tatsumi Miura Administrative Director, Distance Learning Center, Waseda University

DCC Admin. Office

22 Tatsuya Ito Manager, Media Network Center, Waseda University Deputy Secretary-General, Digital Campus Consortium

DCC Admin. Office

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23 Ryuichi Okuyama Administrative Director, Educational Projects Liaison Office, Academic Affairs Division, Waseda University

DCC Admin. Office

24 Kozo Okubo Administrative Officer, Distance Learning Center, Waseda University

DCC Admin. Office

25 Yoshinori Omata Administrative Officer, Distance Learning Center, Waseda University

DCC Admin. Office

26 Atsushi Ito Administrative Staff, Media Network Center, Waseda University

27 Kenji Omae Administrative Staff, Media Network Center, Waseda University

28 Yutaka Tajiri Administrative Staff, Media Network Center, Waseda University

DCC Admin. Office

29 Yukihisa Nakao Secretary-General, Digital Campus Consortium

DCC Admin. Office

30

Mika Shirota Administrative Staff, Digital Campus Consortium

DCC Admin. Office

31 Naoko Haraguchi Administrative Staff, Digital Campus Consortium

DCC Admin. Office

II. Details of Each Event during the Symposium (1) Opening Address

Presented by Prof. Michiko Nakano, Director of Distance Learning Center, Waseda University

First of all, I would like to thank all these professors, particularly Professor Yan Hua, who organized a kind of mirror site at Fudan University so that the students at Fudan University could study on-demand materials without any problems. Thank you very much, Professor Yan Hua. We would like to express a special thanks to on-demand material presenters Professor Yong Qin Wang and Professor Zhang Jun, Professor Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Professor Shin Mannsoo, Professor Takashi Terada and Professor Toshihiko Kinoshita. And we have to say we are very grateful to Sony Corporation, since we got sufficient financial support from Sony Corporation, and Dr. Yoji Kato, who persuaded Sony Corporation to donate lots of money to us. We also should be very grateful to Chairman Naoji Takagi, who is currently the Chairman of the Digital Campus Consortium. Without this organization, we couldn't run on-demand courses. I am also very grateful to the DCC staff members and Distance Learning Center staff at Waseda University. They really worked very hard to make this symposium and on-demand courses very successful. And I just wanted to tell a brief story about how we decided on the topic of global citizenship. When we started the DCC project back in 1999, President Shirai around that time was a vice president, and he told us we had to educate our students to be active and intellectual individuals. And this DCC said, "How do you combine active intellectual individuals as one word?" We thought maybe that's a "global citizen." Global citizens should be able to cope with real problems in the world. And we hoped they should be young leaders in the Asian community. And they should know a common heritage in the Asian community. We have a lot of cultural heritage, derived from China, and so on. So we should cherish and remember our cultural heritage. And they should also add a sense of belonging to the Asian community. So they should know how to be cooperative in the community. In order to accomplish this kind of idea, Waseda University developed the following language-learning programs. The first one is the Tutorial Language Learning Program, which we encourage students to learn communicative competence. At the second step, we teach intercultural competence. At the third level, we have cyber-lectures and cyber-seminars and on-demand courses. So you should take this Coexistence in Asia course after you go through those first and second steps. But in fact, we had lots of freshmen who are really ambitious about learning and mixing with their Asian friends.

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Nowadays English is regarded as the international language. And some people refer to English as the lingua franca of the world. Also, English is used in so many regions of the world. It is called world Englishes. According to these people, English is now being denationalized. So it doesn't belong to any specific nation-state. It can belong to us. English is supposed to be an Asian language, since there are a greater number of English users in Asia than in native-speaker countries. English can be used as a culturally neutral tool for communications. This implies that we do not need to internalize native speakers' cultural norms. We should know what they are thinking, but we don't have to adopt and naively follow native speakers' ideas. We should be independent. In courses such as Coexistence in Asia, we are teaching socioeconomic concepts and constructs using English for communication. In this case, spoken English can be judged as adequate if it conforms to the three criteria of intelligibility, comprehensibility, and interpretability. And if some of you mispronounce some words, it doesn't matter if it is intelligible and comprehensible to Asian friends. And we have dealt with global citizenship in the Coexistence in Asia course already for three years. And now we need to defend human rights and parliamentary democracy and the rule of law. And maybe, perhaps if you are thinking about global citizenship, we should standardize various countries' social and legal practices. One of them is FTAs. We should promote awareness of an Asian identity first. But do we need to have a global identity? We think an Asian identity comes first, before we can develop a global identity. Then, we urgently need the concept of intercultural communication, in which communicative competence is a competence native speakers have. The intelligibility competence is for gatherings such as the European Union. They need intercultural communication. In order to have friendly relationships, they need intercultural communication. But if we are aiming at global citizenship, we should have more than that, because intercultural communication is only well suited for regional cohesion and the respect of law and order in the public sphere but not adequate in the incommensurable world. This means Arabic people have different ideas, different worldviews, and Americans have different views. British and Asians, Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, we tend to have our worldviews. They are sometimes not compatible to each other of what we need. Also, your students and our students will face an urgent demand for greater mobility across national borders and greater equity of opportunity and efficiency in the job market. Lots of Chinese students want to work in Japan, and our students as well. And Korean students are very keen on studying in Mainland China. It's that sort of tendency I am talking about. In Europe they carry language passports and language portfolios. And this specifies, "My English is good enough to do this and that." And at least in Asia we will need joint credentials in Asian universities so we can say, "Although I am a graduate of Thammasat University, I learned this and that

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with joint cyber course." So this implies that we need this amount, that kind of credential. As to our educational policies in the near future, it may be that we will adopt pluralilingualism, not bilingual. Native language and English are not enough. You need to learn three languages, at least. Another one is that we need to be sensitive to linguistic diversity. And we should know that all languages are equally viable. But socioeconomic power makes English the most useful thing to learn. So we advocate English for the moment. Mutual understanding is very important. The opportunity to learn other languages is essential for intercultural communication, but it is not sufficient to learn solely the English that native speakers know and value, embedded in communicative competence in English. We should encourage our students to build the concept of democratic citizenship. This can be facilitated by plurilingual competence. Social cohesion is also important: equal opportunity for personal development, education, employment, access to information, and cultural enrichment in Asia. For these reasons, cyber-collaboration is important. Then we can enrich access to information and cultural enrichment. Why do we have to do cyber-seminars through authentic collaboration by a network? That is, interpersonal activity in Asia. We should develop inter-subjectivity. This is as regards this idea of inter-subjectivity in a student mindset, which is an essential aspect of social constructivism in Asia. We agree with that. When you talk to Chinese or Koreans or Thais, part of you can be transformed. But learning always results in an outcome of social interactions and information sharing. Another important thing is cross-cultural seminars. This world is full of hybrid and changing and conflicting cultures. Socioeconomic policies and real-world problems cannot be solved through native-like communication skills in English nor Anglo-American norms. In our Asian situations, we are the one who are running the Asian world, not them. We need lots of cross-cultural cyber-seminars in the world. Our understanding, our relationships to our own cultures and societies can be transformed in light of the other cultures and societies in contact. You have to have a contact. Otherwise, there is no possibility of transforming. Cross-cultural cyber-seminars can create a cultural third place outside the domain of the markets and national and ethnic communities. Don't you agree? I agree. Our students need to know how to represent themselves across cultural and linguistic borders, how to manipulate multimodel and multilingual symbiotic resources. Nowadays, your presence, your gestures, face, tone of voice, everything--my costume and things like that--everything is a part of the message you impart to other people. So you have to be very careful. And the ability to create empathy and mutual respect, using English as a second language is very difficult. How to represent one's experience? You have your personal experience, and there are lots of new ideas in your personal experience, but if you don't express them among Asian partners, your good ideas will never be materialized. Also, you have to, in order to give a good report on the on-demand courses, you have to

gather evidence to support your arguments about real-world problems. Most of the issues on topics of Coexistence in Asia are all related to real-world problems. And you must prepare yourself against counterarguments coming from different symbolic and ideological reasons. This is also very important: Relativise and contextualize different people's perceptions of history and economic concepts, such as Yasukuni, and so on. You have to relativise and contextualize it. Then you can deepen your understanding. And this is the last one: With the increasing globalization of markets and international migration, we migrate to each others' countries like birds. No stable knowledge can be passed on from one generation to the next, but we have a strategy of discovery. Each generation has to discover what to do. And we have to do it by ourselves, because each set of circumstances we are in is different. Your parents' generation is completely different from your generation. Though what I teach may be very good, it may not be relevant in the next generation. You have to know how to discover. This kind of discovery can take place only in dialog with others, because this is a globalized, networked society. So you have to have discussions with other people. With globalization comes the opportunity to create other communities beyond the borders of nation-states. We should help our students expand their multilingual personalities. So let us collaborate with each other in order to develop Asia-Pacific-oriented education.

(2) Keynote Speech

Presented by Dr. Yoji Kato, Vice-President, Sony China R&D Group, China Technology Office, General Manager, Sony SSNC China R&D Project

I am very honored to be here to give you a brief

presentation of Sony China's very basic Asian human-resource strategy and policies. And, taking this opportunity, I would like to briefly introduce my areas of responsibility. They are Sony China's technology and product strategies. I would also like to express congratulations to Fudan people for your centennial. Congratulations. First of all, I would like to introduce who and what Sony is. Partially I have already introduced what Sony is. Secondly, as a member of Sony China, I would like to introduce what the main achievements are so far and also what we the future strategy of Sony China would be. This is the main topic of my talk today. We have a variety of HR-related programs. Among our programs, we have selected five concrete HR-related programs, especially talented-exchange-related programs for you. Also, as corporate good citizens, despite inimical relations between Japan and China or Japan and Korea in terms of political relations, as a private company we at Sony are striving to be a corporate good citizen in the area of mainland China. Last, I would like to introduce Sony

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technological revolution. Let's begin with what Sony is. Our founder Akio Morita coined the name Sony, not from a Japanese word but from Latin and English. As shown here, sonus is from Latin, meaning sound, and Sony is from English for young boys, because Sony is always targeting the younger generation. And to show some statistics on how Sony is an internationalized company, 70% of our sales are outside Japan, and more than 50% of Sony's employees are non-Japanese. And almost 50% of our shareholders are non-Japanese. And as I have said repeatedly, from the inauguration, Sony's very basic strategy and operation concept has been globalization and global localization. This is last year's Sony Corporation overall achievement in sales revenues. Two-thirds are from electronics, 10% from games, and 12-13% from so-called entertainment. And area-wise, almost 25% comes from each area: Japan, the U.S., Europe, others. Obviously a main contributor to "others" is mainland China business. These are the three cores of Sony's Business Unit: electronics, games, and entertainment. Let me briefly introduce you to Sony China's activities in mainland China. This is the history of sales revenues from 1997 until this year, 2005. These are still budget numbers. As you can see, our total sales for last year were over $3 billion. And this year, hopefully, we will exceed $4 billion. This is to show you how much we emphasize investing in operations in China. This shows mainly manufacturing and operation sites in mainland China. This orange portion is five operations that are joint ventures with local companies. In blue you see operations that are wholly owned by Sony. We have invested a total of $1 billion in these eight operations. And among our eight operations, last year the total production amount exceeded $10 billion. Among that $10 billion, about 4$ billion is to contribute to this year's sales in the Chinese market. We think about the future, that more and more human resources is an important issue, not just sales and marketing but also engineering and research and development area. And obviously the key word is localization, greater assignment of Chinese people to key areas of responsibility. Also, from a product strategy point of view, we have to introduce our latest products with market speed. The Chinese market is changing so rapidly, much faster than the Japanese market or those in other areas. And this year we have already introduced several of the latest products, as shown here. This is a TV, a flat panel, called Bravia. This is the best LCD TV in the world, I'm sure. This is our goal. Sony China will become a true internationalized Chinese company. Our No. 1 focus is resources, more and more localization. And among Sony global operations, Sony China is striving for the position of leader in the Sony Group in growing our business rapidly. The next portion is today's main topic. Before going to that topic, I would like to introduce what kind of person Sony Corporation or Sony China or Sony Global Operations is looking for. It's very simple: whatever person has a strong will. What type of will? Shown here, the person who is eager to create something to make people surprised, delighted, and inspired. We want to recruit that kind of person to Sony China.

And from the inauguration, thanks to Akio Morita and Masao Ibuka, we will be celebrating our 60th anniversary next year. We have a sort of DNA. Waseda may also have its own DNA. Sony's is for dreams, emotion, and innovations. I'm sure you have a Fudan spirit or Fudan DNA. As to creativity, in terms of technology and marketing, Sony is a leading business thanks to creativity in products, as well as creative marketing. Needless to say, our backbone of DNA is global localization. Let's get to the main topic. I'm going to introduce five concrete programs that Sony China has been conducted in the past few years. The first is engineer-related programs. This started in 2001, to recruit people from Chinese universities whose background is mostly in technologies, science and technology or computer science. As you can see on this table, by this year the program has been running for five years, and a total of 151 students joined Sony Corporation among over 5,000 applicants. And they are currently working with Sony Tokyo' various business divisions, as shown here: TV, Personal Computers, Digital Imaging (meaning digital still cameras and camcorders, as well as broadcast and semiconductors, which is my background), and mobile phone company Sony-Erickson, where 16 people joined. And basically, they have experience being trained by Sony Corporation in a five-year program. After five years, they get job training and job experience. They have three choices, of course, by agreement between the individual and Sony Corporation. No.1 is to extend (stay within Sony), and No. 2 is that the individual decided to return to China to join Sony China for free or other options, and the No. 3 is not to stay with Sony, to think about one's own way for his/her career path. This shows that already six people decided to resign, for personal reasons. But among those six employees, already five decided to come back to mainland China and join Sony China. They are shown here. This is another of Sony China's programs. We are quite eager to accept returnees who have experience within Sony Corporation. They have the potential to be key personnel within Sony China's operations, who could understand headquarters and also multicultural international ways of thinking. The third program I would like to show you today is job fairs at Japan-based universities. We have already conducted our first trial at Waseda University, thanks to Professor Kinoshita, who is sitting over there. And those are to recruit Chinese students who are studying at Japan-based universities. This is a program held last summer. And from January of next year it will be extended from Waseda to Keio, Tokyo University, Kyoto University, and Osaka- and Kyoto-based private universities. This is the fourth program I would like to show today. This is within Sony China. We have a so-called job-rotation program with China and for East Asia. The objective is to develop future leaders and implement Sony as a global company, as well as share best practices in East Asia. But more importantly, as Professor Nakano mentioned, it is through real experience, to communicate with

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people of other backgrounds or cultures. Normally, this is a three-year program. Through such experiences, people can have very precious experience and come back to their original location to hopefully have a better job, based on a broader perspective. This is a table of this year's talented-exchange program or job-rotation program within East Asia. This shows the host operation. This is visiting. For example, here, from Hong Kong to mainland China, in Sony China we have six employees from Hong Kong. In total, almost 40 people have experiences in the so-called job-rotation system within Sony East Asian operations this year. Lastly, this is the fifth program I would like to show you today. An employee within Sony China dispatched to Tokyo to gain work experience in Sony marketing in Japan. It's kind of a headquarters for Sony consumer marketing operation. Again, this is a three-year program. One out of nine has already returned to Sony China after three years' experience. The others are still in Tokyo. I met one recently, and she said that through her three years' experience she fully understood the way of business from production planning, production control, and then the sales side day-to-day way products are sold at what price and how much inventory we have. Sony China previously didn't have a systemic control infrastructure, but when she returned to Sony China she introduced a so-called innovation e-program, targeting completion in 2008, the year of the Olympics in Beijing. And thanks to her three years' experience in Tokyo, she was promoted to manager, to conduct and lead the project team to complete this system by 2008. Now, let me show you some of our local activities as a corporate good citizen. We have the so-called Sony Gallery in Shanghai and Beijing. Last year it opened in Shanghai. So far, over 1 million people, mostly Shanghai residents, have visited Sony Gallery. Also, we have Explorer of Science in China, targeting the even younger generation, like junior high school or even elementary school children. Through Sony products, we would like young people to understand science and technology. That is the main purpose of the Explorer of Science operation. Also, as to collaboration within the Sony Group, we do several activities in China. Some examples are collaboration with Sony Pictures Entertainment or Music Entertainment or Sony-Erickson Corporation and also PlayStation. Through such collaborations, we would like Chinese people to show what Sony is and to understand what Sony is. One of our main targets is university students. We have several programs, as shown here: design contests, scholarships, internships, and marketing forum. We started the internships last year. And so far, 17 students have been chosen to be dispatched to Tokyo. A couple of people were selected from Fudan University. Also, we have a so-called Sony Digital Elite Campus. This was started over a year ago, and we have covered over 31 universities within mainland China, and close to 20,000 have joined this event. The purpose is the promotion of digital lifestyles on campus. This is a table that shows how much we have awarded for scholarships to Chinese students. We have selected two locations. One is Beijing, and the other is Shanghai. The one in Shanghai started

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in 1999. And so far, we have already awarded 100 scholarships to 100 students and universities. This is what we call the Sony Cup. In other words, it's an electronic design contest, which is held every two years. This year is the seventh ED contest, and next week, on December 17, we are going to organize a ceremony session in Beijing. This year over 10,000 students, in over 30 provinces, joined the event. It has a history of over 10 years. Recently, other multinationals, especially American companies, are going to do similar things. But we have the longest history for this kind of event. Through those activities, our main target goal is, of course, to be the most loved company by Chinese people. Time is short, but let me briefly explain what is Sony's product strategy. Products and technology are Sony's core. This is the sales history of Sony Corporation as a whole. As you can see, in our 59 years' history, almost every five years we have introduced new concepts of products to the market. Also, through mergers and acquisitions we are growing to a $70 billion company. Here is a history of products introduced on the market. There are a couple of Japan-first products, but since then we are targeting the introduction of world-first products. In the 20 years leading up to 1990, we continued to introduce world-first products on the market. And beyond 1990 we have introduced more and more digital-oriented products on the market. Through such product introductions, the main objective is always to establish the Sony brand, always market-oriented, using the latest technologies and creating a new lifestyle, a new market. That is our very basic Sony product strategy. In the last part, let me briefly talk about the future of Sony's strategy. Of course, the key words here are a digital and broadband. Almost all of those products are digital. Then, as shown here, the trend of technologies has gone to digital. But, in terms of connectability, it could be up to now narrow band, but beyond 2000, especially in the next five to ten years, it should be broadband. In terms of broadband, Korea and China are two of the most advanced. We are targeting those countries to introduce new business models, from two aspects. One is from the home perspective. The other is mobile, or the personal aspect. Through these two aspects, the key is that they should be connected to broadband. And if connected to broadband, what could be the key differentiation factor? That is content, how to entertain customer. That is our key or target for the next five to ten years in our strategy. This is a summary of business strategy for the next five to ten years, obviously hardware. Just standalone hardware doesn't mean anything anymore. But content itself doesn't mean anything. If they are combined by broadband, it will have much more meaning and obviously bring much more business to Sony Corporation. This is my last slide: "Let's create an exciting future by the power of technology." Thank you very much.

(3) Student Presentation “What we should and could do to contribute to 'coexistence in Asia' in the near future”

1. LEE HYO-YOUNG (KOREA UNIVERSITY):

I'm Hyo-Young Lee. I’m going to give a presentation about what we could and should do for coexistence in Asia. You know we live very close and have lots of things in common as Asians. It seems that we haven't really cared for Asia's coexistence a lot. And the thing is, we don't know much about other nations in Asia. And it seems like we're not that interested in that. We still have complex problems in terms of trade, history, and so on. I think that it's important to have competition over benefits or interests with other countries in Asia. But at the same time, coexistence is also important, because we have the potential to make the benefits bigger. So for existence in Asia, I think we should know each other's countries well enough, respect their differences, and resolve conflicts through lots of interactions. I thought of what we can do for coexistence in Asia in the economic sense, political sense, and cultural sense. In the economic sense, each country should increase trade and investment so that we can grow together. Also, each country should provide good management conditions to foreign countries. Also, we should integrate the current FTAs in Asia in terms of the goals we have. In the political sense, we have to get over the current complex stemming from political and ideological differences. Also, we should be supportive of political cooperation. In the cultural aspect, we should confront our identity as Asians. And we should have more chances to exchange our thoughts and cultures. And here are my suggestions. These are rather detailed. In the economic sense, I think we should make student associations or communities for Asian studies and give them a lot of benefits or incentives so that we can make their association or communities competitive. In the political sense, we should teach students about Asian history and let them learn from their history, so that we can understand each country well and we can get over the complex we have right now, whether from a political sense or an ideological sense. In the cultural sense, we can have an official holiday for Asians so that we can have chances to understand each other's cultures in Asia. In order to get people to participate, we can have student contests or things like that. For that, sponsors, such as companies, should support them financially. Most of all, I think education is most important. Teaching students the importance of coexistence in Asia and giving them lectures about Asian economy, politics, and cultures is necessary. Also, making them active in exchanging their thoughts and interacting with other students from

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different Asian countries is necessary. In order for that to be realized, lots of live sessions, classes, and symposia with Asian students and professors are needed. Also, a lot of financial and technical support is needed. Through those efforts and cooperation, we will be able to achieve our goal as citizens of Asia.

2. SUKIT SIVANUNSAKUL (THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY):

First, I would like to take this opportunity to thank Sony and all the sponsors, professors, and also the Fudan University staff for making this symposium possible. In my opinion, this is a good time to consider prospective Asian cooperation. The new prospective hopefully is an algorithm that will lead us to a new style of cooperation apart from the economic cooperation that we have right now in the world. This new cooperation belongs to a quite new form of meetings. In addition, we also need new national leaders to guide development. And most important of all, it doesn't take pampering to guide the development or to check the accomplishments. Why? Because the cooperation that I'm talking about would be focused on every individual. Every individual should take part. Each person should participate anywhere and anytime, just as we have done with the online demand course, to the cyberworld. I would like to call for lifetime cooperation, by having individuals participate in this pattern of participation. And my goal is to encourage participating individuals, including my own, to realize that with this new style of cooperation, we can assist in the advancement of better understanding and participation and to coexistence in Asia. Lifetime cooperation is a chance for any of us to learn more about others, to realize the business and the economic capabilities of Asian countries without only focusing on participation in discussions, like what we have done in the past. But opportunities for social development will happen, including the important chance for our participation as well. I believe that the social development opportunities might be answers to the concern over the unparalleled development in many developing countries, including Thailand, that have some resistance. It will be outflows of knowledge adapted to each environment. In this sense, we answer that we are thinking globally but acting locally in a way that matches each geographical area, society, and culture. It is important to include education, culture, traditions, politics, rural development, and everything else, because everything else that we can learn from others is good for future development. I believe that the coexistence in Asia will have a future as all Asians prepare ourselves for

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that. By preparing ourselves, I don't mean that the governments should take part, but I'm saying that the private enterprises and also the citizens of each country should take part. In that sense, when we talk about private enterprise, of course, we are urging them all to support individuals so that we will have room for more cooperation between private enterprise and individuals for the betterment of society. And we do not need to rely on governments for every task or for all cooperation. For private enterprises, I think, investing in human resources is a gain, a positive return, with positive effects for the country and for the societies. And it is also in fact part of corporate social responsibility is to cooperate with society. Therefore, I urge everyone to help me to open more room for private enterprises and individuals for mutual cooperation on social development issues. Apart from that, finally, I would like to say that in economics, we know about capitalism. Capitalism teaches us this is that, or that these are individual hands that guide that market, that control the market mechanism. Hopefully, that individual hand, the factory subsystems, cooperates in internal social developments as well. Finally, I think Asian countries have a high potential to cooperate together so that in the end every country can coexist together in equality, not having one be ahead of you or ahead of one or another.

3. WANG YU (FUDAN UNIVERSITY):

It's my great pleasure to participate in this symposium. And I would like to share with you some thoughts. As we know, East Asia has the most active development in the world. It is in a stage of rapid development. So I think it is important to build a platform, an East Asian cooperative community, within which the capital resources and human resources can flow freely and rapidly. Thus, every member country will benefit from it. But it is not easy to build this platform, because there are various disagreements in every country, because everyone has his own interests. So it is impossible to unite as an organization. But we should try our best to exchange views, clear up misunderstandings. And I think mutual trust strengthens cooperation. As we know, the East Asian Summit is scheduled for December 14 in Malaysia. Leaders from Japan, Australia, China, New Zealand, South Korea, and ten member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations will get together. They will discuss how to promote economic cooperation within this framework. But I hear the leaders of China, Japan, and South Korea won't have single meetings. Why? I think everybody knows.

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So how can we resolve this problem? There is an old Chinese saying "We draw lessons from history and set our eyes on the future." And I think it's a good guide for us.

4. MAKI YAMAMOTO (WASEDA UNIVERSITY):

Good afternoon. I am Maki Yamamoto, a sophomore at Waseda University, School of Political Science and Economics.

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The world has been changing rapidly in the 21st century. The environment in East Asia has been altered by the dramatic shift in the political and economic situations. Today, there is a trend toward regional integration. In fact, the first meeting of the East Asian Summit will be held in a few days. We can say that the step toward forming a community is certainly moving forward. Economic regional interdependence is strengthening. Japan's No. 1 trading partner is now China, and many FTA agreements have been signed within the region. However, we have not been able to maintain good political relations, which upsets me a lot. And I believe that we must do something to get out of this status quo. What can we do? Of course, if we are still students, there is little possibility for us to change the current governmental framework. But we still have enough ability and opportunity to have a dialog. As E.H. Carr mentioned in his masterpiece "What Is History," history is a dialog between the present and the past. We cannot open up a new vista without understanding the past objectively. Every conflict and war in history has been settled by means of dialog. I believe that it is important for us to be able to see different phenomena from various angles. What we should do is to keep pursuing our economic curiosity. The ability to see the reality with good international sense is inevitable. We need to have the courage to acknowledge the past, as it is the only way to go on to the next step. At the same time, this will lead us to forming an Asian identity. And I believe that it is the only way to solve the misunderstandings and the credibility gap among ourselves. It is us young Asians of today who will be responsible for playing a decisive role in determining tomorrow. I have always thought of working for an international organization such as the U.N. However, recently I have become much more interested in becoming a diplomat. It is because I feel the necessity to reform Japan and the relations among Asian countries. I would like to express my appreciation to all the professors and staff members for organizing such a fruitful program. It is my pleasure to meet all of you today. And I will be looking forward to a day in the future when we will be working together on achieving the same goal: coexistence in Asia.

5. CINDY ZHENG XINYI (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE):

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today we are here to discuss how there can possibly be a fruitful and meaningful coexistence in Asia, meaning shared speech. To discuss this topic, we cannot ignore what the future is going to look like. We can see the future, I think. It's that Asia will be dominated by the major powers, including Japan, of course, and China, as well as India. And these are the countries that are going to be the major engines of growth in Asia. So what can we expect 10 years from now? What is Asia going to look like? Having explained all of these, I think we can then look what the challenges are and what the benefits are, that Asian regionalism can be achieved. At the academic level, we must encourage objective scholarship in the sense that scholars must be able to look at history, as well as what we can expect in the future, objectively, without any national prejudices and bias. And one who is looking at is Samuel Huntington, the famous professor who postulated the clash of civilizations. He said that China, in particular, will assume a hegemonic position in East Asia. That was because if you look at the history of any major power, such as Britain, Germany, or France, they all had a common trend in that economic growth was very high, leading to increasing imperialism and militarism. I believe that in Japanese history, the Meiji Restoration led to militarism and imperialism over the rest of Asia. So can we expect the same sort of situation for China? I think we need to look at this objectively. But if we look at the others in an evaluation, we can acknowledge, that despite of its size and population, and the history, China has never sought hegemony. Even when China was the world’s most preeminent military power, when they were building ships far bigger than those on which Columbus sailed to the West Indies, they never sought to conquer other lands or subjugate other native peoples in other lands. This is just one illustration of what my vision of objective scholarship is. On the government level there are a lot of things that can be built to encourage cooperation. In particular, for example, South Korea, Japan and China can work on the joint project, to create an operating system built on the Linux operating system to replace the Microsoft operating system. This is an example that carries a message to all of us what is possible if the governments of Asian, mainly Japan, South Korea, China, and India come together. So what poses a big change is the benefit. I think on the people-to-people level, we can leverage technology. Nowadays the younger generation is very pro-technology. They have a greater tendency to use technology to communicate with people all over the world. In fact, we can easily build online communication, such as talking to people by using MSN Messenger. This is an example of what people can live with technology to bring people closer together.

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Behind all this hardware we meet the software. What is the software? We need people to be able to communicate with each other. And I think, particularly, professor Michiko Nakano’s speech, which called the cardinal speech about using English as the lingua franca for communication amongst people in Asia. So having said that, I think then we need to focus on building what we have in common so that we move one step further politically. Prime Minister Koizumi's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine caused a lot of conflict in Asia. But because of this, I think we can then focus on other aspects that we have in common. I think historically, in our philosophy, there are a lot of things we have in common. Last semester I was taking Japanese studies, and I learned that Japanese culture has a lot in common with Chinese culture. Of course, they have some heritage from China, as well as South Korea. And this can also apply to Singapore, but in Singapore we have people of many different ethnicities: Malaysian, Chinese, Indian, etc. But we are able to come together and talk together, because we speak a common language. So this is what my suggestions are for coexistence in Asia. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<Q&A Sessions during Student Presentation>

Q1: Can you give us some of your perspectives on Asian identity, or how your university sees the values or the identities on youth, either intentionally or non-intentionally. How do you feel about the concept of identity?

A1-1: MAKI YAMAMOTO I would like to tell you all about my Asian identity. I lived in the United States when I was

little, so I had a strong identity as a Japanese. But to tell you the truth, it was not an identity as an Asian. But once I came back to Japan, I had a chance to participate in some kind of conference like this, in the United States. That was a conference of high school students from all over the world. We participated in a workshop, and I met a lot of students from Asian countries such as Thailand, Korea, and all the countries in Southeast Asia. That made me change my mind a lot. It was actually the first time that I actually got really involved in a good relationship with all these people. I had a chance to talk about political and economic relations with them. And I found out that I am an Asian, but I have a feeling that I am a part of Asia. Since then, I’m been interested in the relations among East Asian countries. That is why I’m here today, and why I’m studying East Asia back in Japan. I think Asian identity is really difficult compared to the identity that the countries in the EU have, and we are moving, because they all have strong common things, such as Christianity. So it

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would be difficult to define what is Asian identity. But I believe that what Asian identity is, is that we live in the same region, and that we are working hard to achieve the same goal in the future, as one community, and that we belong to the same society. I think that is an Asian identity. And I believe that all of us here have some kind of Asian identity, and that we are a part of the same region and share the same perspectives. That is my explanation about my Asian identity. But one thing is that I don’t think many of us in Japan have an Asian identity, and I think that is one of the problems why people think we are always sticking together with the United States. But recently, with all the trends of Asia, a lot of cultures of Asia have been coming into Japan, and young Japanese are getting really interested in the cultures of Asia. People are traveling all over Asia, and in fact, there are a lot of exchange students who are actually studying in China and also in other countries in Asia. So I believe that in the near future, Japanese people will have much stronger identities as Asians, and I hope so. That is my opinion. Thank you very much.

A2-2: SUKIT SIVANUNSAKUL:

On the Asian identities, first of all, I think that the identity is different for each country in Asia, because partially, history, culture and traditions, and also each traditional wisdom influences the identity of nations. However, I think that in Asian countries, each country has an identity that is unexplainable or untranslatable. All the cultural things that are unexplainable by the West can be true parts of Asian identity. We should continue to embrace and understand more about it. That is my idea of Asian identities.

Q2: What do you think is the biggest obstacle to our involvement in the global community in the future? The possibility of the greatest obstacle to our future involvement in the whole world community?

A2: CINDY ZHENG XINYI:

I think from experience, people in developed countries or with a more materialistic lifestyle tend to be more politically apathetic. So they tend not to venture beyond their countries, to what the rest of the Asian region’s plight, especially the developing countries. They’re living in their own little world. They don’t know what the world outside is like. I think this is why it is difficult to overcome the obstacles.

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(3) Panel Discussion

Coordinated by Prof. Yong Qin Wang Panelists: Prof. Bhanupong Nidhiprabha Prof. Toshihiko Kinoshita Prof. Mannsoo Shin Prof. Takashi Terada Dr. Yoji Kato Prof. Yong Qin Wang

Prof. Bhanupong Nidhiprabha: It's nice to be here once again. I was here in May for

the ceremony of 100 years of the University.

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It seems to me that once we have initial contact in that relationship, friendship goes on forever. So I hope you will come back in the future. That is a kind of globalization. Let me define "global citizen" in my own terms. It may be different from those of some of the other professors. For me, to be a citizen of your country, you need to also have responsibility. For a global citizen, in terms of the world, it's not just like saying Japan's problems are not Thailand's problem, but Japan's problems are also Thailand's problems. So it is something like "one world" or "one nation." Think about it. Problems or examples such as avian influenza, it's not only a problem of China but for the rest of the world, as well. In that sense, we have to act like global citizens and take responsibility for that, because these problems will simply affect everybody. It's not only that. Remember what happened in 2003: SARS, certainly is an example. Because of your problems, we have a challenge to come up to publish and to set up some system. That's a challenge. Going back to financial difficulties in 1997, we came up with Asian bond markets to help each other. Now we are thinking of having an international reserve for coming through these problems. In the case of Thailand, Japan has a lot of reserves because of its experiences. So in that sense, countries in the region are very much affected or can be helped a lot through this early-warning system.

We can learn a lot from each other through cooperation. And I think that when it comes to thinking about global citizenship, we have to be ready to help each other. It's not just beautiful language, speaking very nicely, but we also have to mean what we say. Let me put it this way. I don't have much faith in the older generation, because we have a lot of experience and really can't change it. People are used to doing things in a certain way. But the young people probably are not so much exposed to bad experience.

We pray so much for the younger generation that it is the best time for this kind of idea revolution, Internet, and also importantly, initiatives already recognized. So all these young people will be able to help in the future, because of the same challenges. From my experience, people who have some experience and travel a lot know about other Asian Countries and what people in these countries are thinking. But for people who do not have much exposure to foreign countries and travel, they might be quite close, but they do not know the problems in Asia and let alone problems in their own country. So in that sense, it's good that we have students in this region who like to travel in a kind of foreign settings and have excellent exchange programs. That's probably a good way, to spend two or three months in some foreign city to learn more. If you spend three weeks in Lisbon, you know the concept, the philosophy of Portuguese to understand them better. I would think that to foster global citizenship, probably we need to encourage people to travel more, to understand more. Two weeks ago, a taxi driver in Singapore said that he had come to spend a holiday in Bangkok. He said he learned to understand and appreciate people with different backgrounds. And the most important thing is that we have to help each other and share our problems. The most important thing is that these countries have problems but they don't want give hands or financial aids. We should give them a chance to export to developed countries, for example. Market access is more important. Still we have a lot of problems. We talk a lot about free trade. And with that thought in mind, let me remind you that a lot of things are not open, such as agriculture. In a way, we talk a lot about free trade, but essentially national trade is behind it. It is not that bad, perhaps being able to get better access to free trade is one of the best ways to help each other.

Prof. Toshihiko Kinoshita: Initially, I would like to again thank the sponsors of this program, particularly Sony Corporation. Also, I would like to thank Fudan University for organizing and hosting this wonderful seminar in Shanghai.

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The students discussed how to be global citizens. And these same subjects, the professors and Dr. Kato discussed just now. I came to Shanghai in 1977 for the first time. I think many of you were not born yet. Since then I have come here almost 20 times. So I know Shanghai and other parts of China rather well. But these days, unlike before, my heart was not very clear when I come to China. Since I came here for the first time in 1977 and in the early 1980s, even early 1990s, the world has much changed. And the Japanese or Koreans are here in Shanghai. I expected that we would see quite a bright future. Everyone was very much hoping that his or her dreams would come true. But these days the political relations between Japan and Korea, and Japan and China have

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been getting worse. The summit is to be held in two days. But reportedly meetings of the heads of three countries, Japan, China, and Korea, will not be held. That's the worst story I expected in the past years, because this is really a meeting where they will discuss which way the East Asian countries will go. Then, we can come closer to our common ties. On the economic scene, global integration is going on very rapidly in East Asia region, whose ratio is over that in the NAFTA area, although the ratio is a bit lower that that in the EU. So, despite some political turmoil, economic integration is moving forward. But I wonder if that is the only thing to think about for our future in the region. What can we do under the current political situation? You would understand what I wish to say. Yes, ‘history issue’.

Personally, I am against Mr. Koizumi's visit to Yasukuni Shrine. But frankly speaking, some 70% of the Japanese think Mr. Koizumi ought to go there. Maybe 30% of the people think that he shouldn't. They think so since the last protest against Japan was so harsh. That kind of nationalism has arisen recently. In the past, most of the Japanese had shown a low-profile position toward neighboring countries.

Recently, a strong nationalism has risen in China as China experienced a very bitter history in the past century and a half. Now China is growing very quickly and succeeded even in launching a rocket into space. That's why the people's mindset has been very high, and nationalism has arisen. We must not forget such situation, like it or not. So, even if Koizumi stops visiting the shrine, the relation among these countries may be still sensitive, compared with that in the past. What we need to do is to think about how to conquer excessive nationalistic feelings. Nationalism is in itself not bad, but it's a kind of vicious cycle if we cannot well control it. That's what I am deeply worried about recently. Between neighboring countries, sometimes a bad situation occurs. But, we individuals can unlock friendships beyond national borders. I'm trying to do my best in it. At Waseda University, we have had 730 Chinese students.. How can we make them bridges between Japan and China? Also, we have many other Asian students. Some students are also from Korea, Singapore or Thailand. How to make them bridges between Japan and those countries? The right answer now for us will be that the people of each country should deeply think of the sentiments of the neighboring countries. That's the first thing we should put in mind. The second thing is to have generosity to our neighbors. Many people compare the relation between Japan and China with those between France and Germany. I cannot share the opinion, because France invaded Germany, and the Germany invaded France each other in the past century. But the relation between Japan and China, and that between Japan and Korea in this respect are one-sided, only from Japan. So may be very difficult to solve the ‘history problems’ So, I hesitate to say, but to have generosity is an important part for our coexistence in future. The third point is to seek common interests. As Professor Bhanupong just mentioned, in the financial sector, the Chiang-Mai initiative and bond-market initiatives have already been materialized.

In addition, we have to solve the environmental problems, SARS, the avian flu, terrorism and energy problems by our mutual cooperation. Japan can contribute not a small part in these areas. Lastly, we should encourage young people to make good friends in Asia. This occasion is a very good opportunity. It's not the older people that will decide the destiny of Asia but the young people who are sitting here and there. We would like to encourage young students to be good bridges among Asian countries. Thank you.

Prof. Mannsoo Shin: As Professor Kinoshita mentioned, the theme of

this symposium is how to promote global citizens in Asia. But I agree with Professor Kinoshita that Asian countries tend to have very strong national identities. And I think that this is a kind of problem for use in developing very strong Asian identity in the near future. I think it may take a long time for us to have some kind of identity in Asia, although we have to make efforts even today, because of the strong national identities. So whenever, for example, a Korean soccer team has a match with a Japanese team, I would say 99% of Koreans choose the Korean team and vice versa. So it’s very divided, unlike in European countries. However, I think there are two more structural problems that make it difficult for us to gain this Asian identity easily. First of all, as you know, Asian culture has been a very group-oriented society. We know our group members, and we have good relations with the members within a group. But with respect to members of other groups, we don't have good relations. And we are not very generous initially. It may take time. So I think that's another difference from Western countries, where culture tends to be individualistic. I think another difference between the Western experience and Asian experience is that we didn't really start to make efforts to have this kind of identity. Probably this is the first time for us to talk about the concept of an Asian identity. But if you look at the European countries, the idea of the EU started about 40 years ago. So they have been making efforts for the past four decades to achieve what the EU is now. So I think there are struggles. There are various structural problems for this concept of Eastern Asian identity. However, if you look at the business reality, as we heard from the Sony executive Dr. Kato, 70% of Sony products are being manufactured overseas. And many of them are made in China, in the Southeast, by local workers, which means that Asian products have to rely on other countries in terms of labor, technology, materials, and so forth. I heard from a Samsung executive that about 70% of their new workers are hired overseas, not in Korea. It's just the reality of Asian firms. So I think there is a big gap between the reality and the

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attitude of the general public. I was very impressed by the presentations of the students this afternoon. You seem to be very interested in ideas, and you gave us a lot of good ideas. So probably the younger generation will do good work in narrowing the gaps among different Asian countries. The only comfort I have here is that when I look back 20 or 30 years, the relationships among Asian countries are I think much better today, even though we have conflicting issues. And I think that trend will continue in the future. The second issue is how we can make efforts to get closer to each other. That's a critical issue. I don't think anybody in this room has a perfect solution. But I have some suggestions. Maybe Asian countries or schools or maybe countries abroad need to identify some common projects where they can have some win-win situations. It could be some environmental issues. It could be some kind of health issues or IT issues, whatever they may be. So perhaps it would be good to identity some areas of cooperation and then let each country cooperate together. I think this is a more practical approach. At the university level, I think there should be more exchange-student systems among Asian universities. In our case, at Korea University, we have a very extensive exchange program, but unfortunately, many Korea University students prefer going to the United States or European countries. I think we need to change this kind of attitude. We could send more students to Thailand, Indonesia, Japan, or China or vice versa so that they can understand other countries' cultures and languages. I think another good approach is what we have been doing so far, which is the Cyber Course. This is really a cost-effective way to understand other cultures and other countries. So this kind of course should be promoted. Of course, there may be some cost constraints. But I think not only Japan but also many other countries would support this kind of project. For the students, this is my final recommendation. I found the best way to understand another culture is to learn their language, be it Chinese, Japanese, or Thai. When you learn a foreign language, you need to understand the context, the historical and social context of the country. It's the most effective way to learn about another culture. So I think maybe the universities should promote teaching other Asian languages so that students will become more interested in other countries. I think that's the most effective and practical way to achieve an Asian identity in the long run.

Prof. Takashi Terada: I want to thank the sponsor Sony Corporation, and

also Fudan University, and Waseda University, as usual. This made it possible for me to visit China finally. When I was told what today's topic was going to be this morning, of how we can promote global citizens in Asia, I had a passing thought. I was thinking about how I could respond to this theme. At lunch, I just came to consider it in this way: a

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central site to teach a course name "Global Citizens in Asia." So I tried, of course, as a professor, to create a synopsis for such a lecture course. Usually, we need to set up some subtitle. This is a key, actually, for any academic or university lecture course. I chose "Convergences and Divergences Between Globalization and Regionalization." So how can we study the themes every week based on this subtitle. It's another source of difficulty. Another problem is that globalization is a quite complex and touchy issue. So in this case, I probably needed to touch on the critics of globalization. Some people say that there is no globalization, but it is simply Westernization or Americanization, pushing an American or Western diet on the less developed countries. When it comes to this topic, some may think it's true. The problem is to touch on the real politics. When it comes to political or ideological issues, simply the strongest countries will dominate the process. We have no choice but to follow them. But when it comes to, again, the private sector, is this trend true or not, especially when down to the industries, like manufacturing or even creations of corporations, like Sony? We can probably find what the mega-trends are. Western countries or people just try to follow what some of the Japanese or Asian companies are doing, like Samsung, as Professor Mannsoo mentioned, how they innovate in terms of manufacturing or creating something new or advanced. There is another area that can occupy a week of lectures. When we talk about globalization, we need some tools without which I don't think globalization would come. That is, aviation, or airlines. Whenever you go overseas, to learn foreign languages, to learn overseas culture, certainly we need to use airplanes. Recently a famous American survey company announced the best airlines in the world, the best five. This American survey company actually put Asian airlines as the best five in the world: (1) Singapore Airlines, (2) Emirates, (3) Cathay Pacific, (4) All Nippon Airways, and (5) Thai Airlines. All of them are Asian. There is no Northwest, United, Lufthansa, even Qantas. Qantas, as you know, is the only airline in the world that has never had a major crash. But Qantas is not on that list. So what is the judgment for this choice of the best airline, mainly from Asia, not Western countries? One thing that I found very interesting is that the website should be written in English so that everyone reads their own Web sites. But this is not our language. Of course, in terms of language, American, British, Australia, and other countries have a tremendous advantage, which Professor Nakano just described this morning. But simply put, Asian airline companies can overcome that, and certainly the top five airlines of the world can. And it seems to me that because an airline is a symbol of globalization, even Western people try to choose those airline companies, because they can enjoy better quality of services. This is not the hardware, because most of the airlines use equipment made by Western companies, like Airbus. No Asian companies produce aircraft for the major airlines. So it's simply a matter of quality and services. And people, particularly in Western countries, have come to like what Asian airlines offered as services on board.

So I say to you that what this story can tell us is that, first globalization is not a matter of Westernization only. We can also describe the opposite story, from Asian to Western. This also creates confidence for us. We don't need to always consider that what we are doing is always inferior to what Western people do.

This is what Prime Minister Mahathir mentioned 15 years ago, when he advocated the East Asian Community Caucus, which I mentioned in my lecture. The East Asian Summit will be held in Kuala Lumpur next week. I think the situation has totally changed. And we need to look more at the content. Soft areas, which probably Asian people commonly have as friends. And when it comes to the final question, as Professor Mannsoo's recommendations to the younger generation of Asians, new Asians probably try to easily communicate with each other by using this sort of symposium held in Asian countries, because it makes it much easier than for you to visit. It's less costly. And you can probably understand the strengths of Asian values and carry that as a region. Simply, you are an actor in the globalization process from Asia. That means you are neither Americans nor Westerners. You are not in a powerful country. Maybe China, but nevertheless, compared with the United States it is probably not necessarily so. So I hope you can be such a messenger and active in player carrying these trends with Asian people to the other Asian countries so that a real sense of globalization will take place in the future. I hope that the Cyber Lecture Series is helpful in this case.

Dr. Yoji Kato: Thank you very much for the great opportunity to

give my ideas on this. The important thing from Sony's perspective is that it is evitable to identity ourselves. And it is applicable to the same situation of politicians of each country, not necessarily countries but provinces or states or cities. If the state or scope of territory is narrow, the vision for identifying yourself will become smaller. At Sony, as I told you, from the inauguration of Sony Corporation, Akio Morita and Ibuka-san all think Sony should be a global company, and the operating concept is "global localization." And eventually, because of business conditions and boundary conditions that are different from politicians, we have naturally tend toward globalization or tend to do global localization. As to the other topics of Asian identity, I think it is not easy. That's my personal opinion. I have three children: two boys and one daughter. They are over 20. All of them have over eight years or 10 years overseas experience. They have a great variety of friends. After growing up, they have very close friends, mostly from Asian countries, like China or

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Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Korea. My elder son and younger son both have close friends who are Korean, and not so many German or British friends or many from the United States. I'm not sure why because I have no time to analyze that. But maybe Asian people have more personality characteristics to have a mutual understanding or pay attention to others.

Prof. Yong Qin Wang: Now I would like to present some of my views on this

very important topic. I think the global citizen is more important than ever before, in the time of globalization. Also, it is a time of encouraging major conflict. So we have trouble in the last few years, with culture, coming politically. I think it is a must for us to better discuss all these issues for the next few years. One of the most important of our economies, I think, is settlement as a whole to educate the public. I think that also one is to educate the politicians. I think most of the politician's behavior is not the optimal for society as a whole. Simply it's because they are driven by the investor's interests and catering to the dominant interest groups. So we must be aware of what the politicians are doing in our countries. I think Asia appears to be a very unified culture. We can say that historically, but actually, it is not. Europe literally is very coherent culturally, as some of our own students have argued, because they have Christian beliefs, the democracy, the fairness, the justice and so on. These kinds of values are deeply rooted in their minds, but in Asia they are not. Japan and Korea and China are quite different culturally. Let's look at the economic dimension. Economically, countries are also divided into greatly. We can see different economic systems. China is a transition economy. Ten years ago China was a centrally planned economy, a command economy. So some Western scholars take Asia as a whole, what we call the Asia model. Asia is not a unique model that we have different models such as Japanese and Chinese model. Each country is unique in its own way. Politically, it's obvious that it's even more divided due to historical reasons and others. I am not quite optimistic toward integration. So I think it is a must to educate the public and the politicians to look well beyond history. We must seek common ground rather than, with their own history, which does nothing at all. I think that, as Professor Mannsoo has claimed, Asian cultures are different from Western culture. It can be characterized as collectivism associated literally with closeness, whereas the individualism is an open system. So we are on good terms with our friends, with the insiders but very cold to outsiders or don't believe outsiders. If you think of the multitude of some Western countries, some Western power makes use of these shortcomings of the Asian culture to use a divide-and-conquer policy, to try to separate us deeper and deeper, to further divide our countries. It is

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a true history that you can observe it even after the Second World War. In a sense, we are in position where it is more important than ever before to unify together, to help our Asian identity, to join forces in the order, seek more advantages for our people rather than be narrow-minded like politicians. They try to get popularity from the interest groups and they are doing the wrong thing. For all that, we scholars must educate the politicians first.

<Q&A Session during Panel Discussion> Q1:

I think that each country should have a responsibility on the issues and that we should find common goals in order to do so. But I believe that it's very difficult when it comes to political issues, as was mentioned. There are a lot of conflicts among the issues on health, like influenza, or ecology problems. But it is more difficult when it comes to political issues, and especially when it comes to historical problems. And I think those historical problems are preventing us from having a chance to actually solve these misunderstandings on the governmental level. And I would like to know what you all think about the way to go about reconciliation and define common political goals.

A1-1: Prof. WANG As I mentioned, politicians should have broader perspectives, not just of their own history. In

terms of economics, history is to set a course but if you do care too much, it will cause problems. But times goes by without doing anything but quarreling so that resources are wasted. They must do something practical. Especially, economic measures must be taken to further integrate with each other. I think that the economic force is the most important one. And certainly the people admire it. If the economy is so integrated, the national boundaries are no more important as before. As a result, the economies are intertwined with each other. Also the scholars, the entrepreneurs and the practitioners should lead the politicians to look beyond the dominant mindset by taking a certain forward-looking approach instead of a backward-looking one. Of course, politicians are looking out for the interest groups, for their interests. So we must break the ties to make it into something more democratic and fairer. I think that both economic and political forces together can make this a possibility.

A2-2: Prof. TERADA

I certainly agree with you. But there are some questions of political science that countries that perceive threats from each other can't be integrated. And it is very controversial. Two months ago in England there was a conference. And this was mentioned by the

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European leaders and European scholars, of course, targeting Japan and China about the movement toward the establishment of the free-trade agreements. Usually businesses support this. So I think what Professor Wang said: "particular practitioners." But better yet, business leaders should not. Of course, they are not happy with the political confrontations, obviously, but they cannot afford to care about politics. They want to accumulate more profit. A couple of days ago a Japanese newspaper, Nikkei had a report that despite the anti-Japanese movement in China, the sales of Japanese automobiles have been increasing in China. So I think this kind of movement, if we can advance more, governments would feel pressured to be more integrated, so more engaged in the movement toward cooperative schemes, hopefully through the market integration. I think this is happening in East Asia. Governments have had so many tasks after 1999 in terms of market integration. But the private sector went ahead and a mutual dependence has been increasing and increasing, which has created a driving force behind the government interest into the integration. This is quite well demonstrated in Europe. In Europe the politicians and the governments started first by setting up the framework, followed by businesses. In East Asia, businesses have started creating value and put pressure on the governments. So if this kind of degree could be more intensified, China and Japan, for example, in a community significant to each other, might be interested in doing something. So I think the key player is business.

A2-2: Prof. KINOSHITA

First I think that as an economist I should be partially agreed with what Professor Wang said. Sometimes waiting is a very clever answer. . But at the same time, I have to think of a different way. Professor Terada just mentioned that while the entrepreneurs were the first to integrate the economy, by which the conditions will eventually create pressure to integrate more and to unite, to propagate, the walk to the great lake.

Of course, the economic integration is a big factor, which may hinder the worsening political situation. That's partially true. But the people in areas such as politics academics, or business field should do their best in their own fields. That's my feeling. If you analyze the young people who joined the "anti-Japan" demonstrations in China, most of them have never been to Japan, have no contacts with Japanese, and amazingly, many of them said they wanted to have Japanese friends. It's very interesting what kind of people they are. So I'm thinking that Japan should invite more journalists or teachers of middle schools of China to Japan and let them see various places and talk to the ordinary Japanese people. Some Chinese tend to think that Japan may be a very dangerous country again, but personally I do not accept that kind of idea. In the pre-war days, the Japanese were very poor. The peasants were impoverished after the Great Depression, and they wanted to be solders for their

survival. Now the Japanese farmers are rather rich. And the number of farmers is only 1 or 2% of whole population. And except farmers, who wish to be solders? The Japanese Self-Defense Army has a very hard time to recruit soldiers. If you solve such poverty problem domestically, the country could not be dangerous as we saw in the far past. That's a lesson we learned from history. But even though we think that way, there are so many Chinese who have never been to Japan and never seen how Japanese are thinking. Then there are some worries may come up about Japan that it may be a militarized country again. Such people like us have duty to improve the current bad situation. (5) Report on the Technical Staff Meeting

Reported by Prof. Yan Hua, Director of Network Center (Translated by Prof. Yong Qin Wang)

Good afternoon. Today we gathered at Fudan, which celebrated centennial celebration. And coincidentally, Korea University and National University of Singapore also celebrated hundredth birthday this year. So congratulations. I'm honored to speak at this conference. Usually our technicians are behind a curtain and the screen. Nobody knows ours and who is working. This conference is programmed to be a great success. This morning, we had detailed discussions over the international long distance cyber education. As we know, despite for 10 years of the Internet, security and liability problems remain. In particular, the direct connection between Japan and China. The course data has to be transmitted with U.S so that some data got missed along the route far away, leading to problems in the cyber conference. Fortunately, our technicians figured out a better solution through their joint effort this morning. And through them we addressed substantially in this direction. Better quality of the courses is to be expected in the near future. In this new century, economic globalization, digitalization and knowledge-based economy have come along. We are recognizing this trend. Fudan made clear it is the basic government strategy to fully digitize information on campus. Three years ago, promoted by Professor Michiko Nakano, the director of the Distance Learning Center in Waseda University, we initiated the joint online program, bringing in the teachers from overseas. universities together, participating in a common cyber classroom. And today we came out of the cyberspace, reaching Fudan face to face. The last three years have been proving to be a success. And now, with our joint efforts, we are moving on toward a greater success.

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(6) Closing Address

Presented by Dr. Chen Yin Zhang, Director of Foreign Affairs Office

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. It is my great pleasure to take this opportunity to express my warm welcome and appreciation on behalf of the university to all faculty and students from Korea University, National University of Singapore, Thammasat University, Waseda University, and Fudan University, as well as to Sony Corporation, for generously supporting this program. I'm also very pleased to see this cooperation, the Coexistence insuccessfully. Actually, these two universities were not estranged. Both FuUniversity are partners in education. Also, Korea University, Fudan University, and the National Ucelebrate our centennials this year. Next year these three universities will have a joint cooperation inand lot of cooperation. Thammasat University is also not new to us, because the presidAnd a group of their staff members came to the university just recentcooperation, and our students work together. So both the speech by Mr. Kato, from Sony Corporation, and aProfessor Nakano are very interesting and also very informative. And I thstudents are also very important to this program. Today we talk about promoting global citizens in Asia. And I ttopic right now, because Asia is playing a very important role economicalculturally and educationally. And the cooperation between the universities I think is very actiexchange programs, genesis programs. And I'm very interested to hear what are students raise about theabout history. I think history is very important. We cannot forget history. that dark era of history in the early 1940s and 1930s. And I think some of t But we do not always teach history. And we have to look forwardand 1970s and 1980s, the Chairman Mao, entrepreneurs, and even we people, especially from Japan, who come to China to see China and to see So I think the future lies in the young people. And it's very impopeople to get together. And we know that globalization is very important, is very intense right now. So it's very important for us young people to know each other's c

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[Dr. Chen Yin Zhang]

Asia forum was held very dan University and Waseda

niversity of Singapore will

Korea, in Korea University,

ent just visited us this year. ly. So we have very good

lso the opening address by ink the questions raised by

hink that's a very important ly and politically, as well as

ve. We have a lot of student

questions just now and talk Most Chinese people know he countries here also. . That's why the early 1960s are inviting a lot of young a different China right now. rtant, I think, for the young for the economy. Education

ultures. That's why they will

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then play a very important role, especially in the harmonization and in the peaks as the whole Asia. So this program actually provides a very critical and a convenient way to exchange ideas on the faculty's and also students' views. And I think this will also have cultivated promotion of students' international perspectives. I think this is going to be very successful. Without Ms. Yan and the technician's help, we could not have such successful results. So I hope that through this kind of forum, we can discuss among young people, who can have better understanding between each other, between these five countries, and in the future will we be expanding and sharing, I hope. So I really think this is a very good program. And thank you all.

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III. Conclusion (1) Comments from Participating Professors

Professor Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Thammasat University (Thailand) Compared with the previous symposium, the Shanghai symposium provided students more opportunity to voice their concerns about coexistence in Asian. They were given an important role in the program. I believe the symposium is the highlight of the course, but only a selected few can have a chance to participate. Perhaps, during the next presentation, we should give opportunity to more students, especially to those who stay in the place where we hold the symposium. Fudan University has contributed so much to the success of the symposium. I am grateful to Prof. Yong Qin Wang. Professor Yong Qin Wang, Fudan University (China) The Shanghai Symposium held at Fudan University brought the five universities together. Professors and students exchanged ideas concerning "co-existence in Asia" and we got to the consensus of "building the Asian Identity and global citizenship". This symposium is very timely and necessary at the very time when Asia is more divided politically than before and should go on the right track again. Though history matters, but we should move on and way beyond that. The technical engineers also exchanged ideas over technical issues and some problems were resolved through joint efforts by the participating engineers during the symposium. We also reach many consensuses on how to improve the cyber course in near future. So the Shanghai Symposium is fruitful in that we have developed shared vision of the Asian community and resolve many practical and technical problems concerning the course.

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(2) Student Essays

Zheng Xinyi Cindy, National University of Singapore (Singapore)

Given the acute potential for conflicts in East Asia against the background of the much-vaunted

nascent 'Asian Century' we find ourselves in today, the central theme of the course and the pertinent

subjects raised in the symposium were clearly well-timed. It seemed however that some lectures could

have benefited from slight revisions in content to fit more relevantly and consistently to the central

theme lest the course might appear as a mish mash of ideas. As I had never read a joint online course

as an undergraduate, it appealed to me from the beginning as a rather novel concept of learning

affording flexibility and entailing initiative on the part of the student. I found BBS discussions most

stimulating and enjoyable not least because one could strike up conversations with fellow students

abroad. The architecture of the BBS system could be further enhanced to allow for corrections and

infuse greater interactivity. Nevertheless I suspect that the expression of the students could have been

significantly richer if they were posting their opinion in their mother tongue. The same may be

observed in the interaction with the Fudan students during the symposium. The apparent language

barrier that inhibited us from venturing beyond trivial topics of discussion left much to be desired in

terms of intellectual bonding. Had I not been able to speak Mandarin, I would have missed out on the

valuable exchanges with the Chinese students whom I thought were very keen to learn from foreigners.

Professor Michiko Nakano's opening address on world Englishes was hence retrospectively befitting

of this challenge we face in fostering global citizens in Asia. As with many others, I thought the

symposium was professional and generally a success, reflecting the sound planning of its programme.

There were ample opportunities for social activities and I believe it has been a rewarding and

eye-opening experience for all of us.

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Sukit Sivanunsakul, Thammasat University (Thailand)

Although many media coverage on the first East Asia Summit has been dominated by pessimistic and

doubtful opinions, I myself view it differently from other after taking the on-line course and attending the

symposium.

In my opinion, the on-line course thoroughly introduces and provides a good fundamental knowledge

about East Asia Community in all aspects including politic, social, and economic. It goes further by

challenging all of us to discuss the problems that we are facing now or will face in the future such as

urbanization issue. The course also demonstrated how technology can be used to cerate positive spillover.

Through these lectures, I believe many ends up knowing more friends and create their own East Asia network.

The network might be small, but it is highly effective in helping each of us learn about East Asia Community,

which fully correlates to the objective of the on-line course.

In addition, participating in the symposium at Fudan University provided me a greater opportunity to

exchange my opinion with other students. During the symposium, there were many remarkable events. One

was the presentation made by Dr. Yoji Kato, Vice President of Sony (China), which set a good example for

other private enterprises to follow in creating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Another was the panel

discussion by the professors, which helped sharpen the concept of East Asia Community. Another is the

presentation made by other representative students on the contribution to coexistence in Asia was also very

thoughtful. Nevertheless, I have to thank all professors, staffs, and students from all universities especially

Fudan University and Waseda University to organize such an outstanding courses and symposium with good

learning environment.

In conclusion, despite what other said on the first East Asia Summit, I think by taking the course, it is

already the first step of success since we are creating small East Asia Network, which is the main building

block of the East Asia Community in the future.

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WANG Yu, Fudan University (China)

It’s my pleasure to have an opportunity to take the joint course “Coexistence in Asia”

initialed by Waseda University in the last year of my college life.

International communication is the key-point of this class. East Asia Issues have a close

relationship with our daily life. However, as we know, affected by national history and traditions,

research and report in one country always has its special strongpoint and restrictions in the same time.

Therefore, it has a great meaning to let people know what people from other parts of world think and

make decisions independently. This course just turns this idea into reality. Through the virtual

classroom, students could listen to the wonderful lectures delivered by professors from top universities

in five different countries. Everyone could hear various kinds of voice from different people, different

states and express himself in some interested problems. Any brilliant opinion is welcomed and being

discussed. That maybe is the best approach we could follow understanding the world. On the other

hand, organizing interactive discussions is an important supplement to overcome the disadvantages of

lectures on demanding education. During the period of two live sessions and Shanghai symposium,

professors and students get together and talk to each other face to face. How lucky could one acquire

knowledge and enhance friendship simultaneously! I would never forget the wonderful time sparing

with my lovely professors and classmates.

In summary, this course not only gives students information on how to promote Asia

Economics Coexistence but also drives people to explorer a new way to think and practice. At the last,

I appreciate to those administrators and technique engineers who providing us such a platform on

which we could learn knowledge and exchange personal opinions freely.

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Maki Yamamoto, Waseda University (Japan)

Shanghai - fusion of the past and the future. My first visit to this seductive city was surely a full

delight. As one of the speakers, I could enjoy the whole session. It was a great occasion for me to think of

the future of East Asia.

What is an Asian identity? This is one of the questions posed during the Q&A. It sure is a

difficult question. In fact, I believe that if there were an answer to it, there wouldn’t be many problems in

forming the East Asian Community. However, my answer is quite clear at this moment. An Asian identity

is composed of the common perception that we all live in the same region and that we share the same

future. This is what I learned during the three days in Shanghai.

At my university, I major in international politics and security. This is one of the fields where

amity among East Asia is desperate. If you list up the security issues in this region, you will find it

difficult to count them all. I have been studying on multinational cooperation such as the ASEAN

Regional Forum. The more I understand the reality, the more I become pessimistic. There is not much

potentiality of regional cooperation in East Asia. I think that this derives from the lack of common interest.

If we trace the track back to where this problem comes from, we will reach an answer that there is mutual

distrust in both state and individual level.

We students can get rid of the latter mistrust. In order to overcome this gap, we need to

communicate face to face. I believe that this symposium was a great chance for us to understand each

other and to become true friends. In the near future, I wish to broaden this friendship to the governmental

level. It will be my best way to show appreciation to all the professors, staffs and participants of the

symposium who made me have assurance that the future can be changed by our effort. An arduous task

can be achieved if we own a strong will.

It sure was my pleasure to participate in such a fruitful event and I hope that this kind of exchange

continues. I would like to keep in touch with all the participating students and look forward to a day when

we all gather again to discuss the issues of this region. Until then, I would like to brush up on my studies

at school. The experience in Shanghai also made me become eager to study Chinese. As Ms. Nakano

mentioned in her speech, I think it is really important for us to be able to be fluent in languages. Of course,

we Asians can communicate with English. However, we could get to know each other more if we share

the opponents’ own language.

The future of East Asia is up to us. We must take hands and cooperate as a global citizen to seek

the better tomorrow!!

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［Group picture at the Oriental Pearl TV Tower］

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Hong Sang-Eun, Korea University (Korea)

I was very satisfied overall process of lectures and symposium. So, I would like to suggest a way to

develop this session to more active – make an alumni network of the symposium.

Alumni network brings three positive effects to this session. First, it will motivate students to work

hard during semester to get the seat for symposium. Then better and more qualified students will come

to symposium and make worthier symposium. Second, it will help the alumni to be global citizens. We

can discuss global issues online without bothering current students, chat regularly, and feel each other

like living in the same city as we supposed. Last, alumni network will give benefits to the session as a

sponsor in the long term. They might be mentors of future students and support the symposium

financially as well.

To make this work, we need to develop a separate homepage, make boards on it, and do live chat to

discuss regularly on the website.

Asia-European Foundation (ASEF) University (http://www.asef.org/asef-uni/) has used this system

and worked well so far. I hope this class to be activated like this one in near future.

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［Lunch at a restaurant on Fudan University Campus］

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