Digital Cameras, Digital Digital Cameras, Digital Video and Scanners Video and Scanners

Vince DiNotoVince DiNoto

Vince.dinoto@kctcs.eduVince.dinoto@kctcs.edu

Contents Contents

IntroductionIntroduction How the Devices Work How the Devices Work Resolution Resolution Zooming Zooming Color DepthColor Depth Art of Photography Art of Photography Physics of Photography Physics of Photography Create Video and Stills Create Video and Stills Workshop Discussion of Video and StillsWorkshop Discussion of Video and Stills SoftwareSoftware

Introduction Introduction

Taught Classic PhotographyTaught Classic PhotographyBlack and White Developing Black and White Developing Physics of the Camera Physics of the Camera Optics Optics

Photographer of Water Powered Grist Photographer of Water Powered Grist Mills Mills Three awards in International Mill Photo Three awards in International Mill Photo

contests contests One cover picture published One cover picture published

A few pictures A few pictures

A few more picturesA few more pictures

How the Devices Work How the Devices Work

Analog/DigitalAnalog/DigitalScannersScannersDigital Video Digital Video Digital Cameras Digital Cameras CCD Chips CCD Chips

Analog/DigitalAnalog/Digital

Analog information is encoded on Analog information is encoded on media as intensity of magnetic media as intensity of magnetic particles.particles.

Digital information is encoded as 1’s Digital information is encoded as 1’s and 0’s.and 0’s.

ScannersScanners

A Flat Bed ScannerA Flat Bed ScannerA moving light sourceA moving light sourceA CCD barA CCD barOptical Resolution vs Digital Optical Resolution vs Digital

EnhancementEnhancement

Digital VideoDigital Video

30 frames per second30 frames per secondLight is on the CCD for only 1/60Light is on the CCD for only 1/60thth of a of a

secondsecondDigital MediaDigital Media

Mini-DVMini-DVDigital 8Digital 8Mini-DVDMini-DVD

Direct OutputDirect OutputFirewireFirewireUSBUSB

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Digital mediaDigital mediaMini CDRMini CDRMini CDRWMini CDRW3.5 in floppy3.5 in floppyFlash MemoryFlash Memory

Compact FlashCompact FlashMemory StickMemory StickSDSDZDZDFuji memoryFuji memory

Digital Cameras - 2Digital Cameras - 2

Direct ConnectionDirect ConnectionTo a printerTo a printerUSBUSBFirewireFirewire

CCDCCD

A Charge Couple Device is a solid state chip A Charge Couple Device is a solid state chip that is sensitive to light. It produces only that is sensitive to light. It produces only black and white. Therefore, filters are black and white. Therefore, filters are required to get color images.required to get color images.

When a photon strikes the CCD it produces a When a photon strikes the CCD it produces a current, the more photons the more currentcurrent, the more photons the more current

The chip is composed millions of picture The chip is composed millions of picture elements in cameras and thousands in elements in cameras and thousands in scannersscanners

The more pixels the greater the resolution The more pixels the greater the resolution and the sharper the pictureand the sharper the picture

CCD - 2CCD - 2

ResolutionResolution

How many pixels is there.How many pixels is there. The more pixels the larger the image can be The more pixels the larger the image can be

enlarged without creating a blurring.enlarged without creating a blurring. The more pixels the more expenseThe more pixels the more expense Optical Resolution vs Digital ResolutionOptical Resolution vs Digital Resolution

Digital Resolution is the computer trying to create Digital Resolution is the computer trying to create pixels that weren’t seen by the CCD, the quality pixels that weren’t seen by the CCD, the quality is not nearly has good as that created directly.is not nearly has good as that created directly.

Not important in digital video cameras in Not important in digital video cameras in generalgeneral

Resolution - 2Resolution - 2

Example if the resolution is 640 x 480, that Example if the resolution is 640 x 480, that means there are 640 pixels in the width and means there are 640 pixels in the width and 480 pixels in the height. A very small 480 pixels in the height. A very small amount of memory is required for the amount of memory is required for the images. If the image is going to be printed images. If the image is going to be printed it will need to be printed very small, but this it will need to be printed very small, but this resolution is fine for the web. Why? My resolution is fine for the web. Why? My printer prints 720 dpi (dots per inch) printer prints 720 dpi (dots per inch) therefore without zooming my picture would therefore without zooming my picture would be less than one inch wide. If in my be less than one inch wide. If in my software I double the size of the image then software I double the size of the image then each pixel is reproduce 3 additional time.each pixel is reproduce 3 additional time.

Resolution - 3Resolution - 3

If the image is to be used on the If the image is to be used on the web. Monitor resolution in general is web. Monitor resolution in general is 96 dpi. Therefore, my picture would 96 dpi. Therefore, my picture would appear to be about nine inches wide appear to be about nine inches wide and be of good quality via of the and be of good quality via of the monitor.monitor.

ZoomingZooming

Cameras will state digital zooming and Cameras will state digital zooming and optical zooming.optical zooming.

The more expensive the greater The more expensive the greater amount of optical zooming.amount of optical zooming.

This is similar to what we discussed in This is similar to what we discussed in the resolution topic.the resolution topic.

Optical zooming is using the entire Optical zooming is using the entire CCD, Digital zooming is a creation of CCD, Digital zooming is a creation of pixelspixels

Zooming - 2Zooming - 2

The smaller lighter weight cameras The smaller lighter weight cameras normally use digital zoom and little normally use digital zoom and little to no optical zoom.to no optical zoom.

Larger more expensive cameras Larger more expensive cameras have some optical zoom.have some optical zoom.

Professional cameras are only optical Professional cameras are only optical zoom.zoom.

Color DepthColor Depth

What is 24 bit color? 30? 36? 42?What is 24 bit color? 30? 36? 42? All light received by CCD is either All light received by CCD is either redred, ,

greengreen or or blueblue Therefore 24 bit color is divided into three Therefore 24 bit color is divided into three

8 bit channels. Which is representative of 8 bit channels. Which is representative of 2288=256 therefore each channel can have =256 therefore each channel can have that many different intensity levels or a that many different intensity levels or a total unique colors of 256x256x256=1.68 total unique colors of 256x256x256=1.68 million colors (more than the eye can million colors (more than the eye can detect)detect)

Art of PhotographyArt of Photography

Need to observe more than just the Need to observe more than just the subject.subject.

What do you want in the What do you want in the background?background?

What do you want in the foreground?What do you want in the foreground?What is the sky like?What is the sky like?Where is the sun?Where is the sun?Do I need a flash?Do I need a flash?

Art of Photography - 2Art of Photography - 2

How fast do I need to shoot?How fast do I need to shoot?What does the aperture do?What does the aperture do?Are there other people in the picture?Are there other people in the picture?Where am I going to publish the Where am I going to publish the

picture (web, computer, printer)?picture (web, computer, printer)?What other sounds are around?What other sounds are around?Do I need to take an audio track and Do I need to take an audio track and

not even worry about the video?not even worry about the video?

Physics of PhotographyPhysics of Photography

Depth of FieldDepth of FieldWhat is a polarizer?What is a polarizer?Why is the sky blue?Why is the sky blue?Why are sunsets red?Why are sunsets red?How do I get reflections and blue How do I get reflections and blue

sky?sky?

SoftwareSoftware

PhotoshopPhotoshopMovieMaker IIMovieMaker IIPremierPremier