Digital Cameras And Digital Information

How a Camera works

Light passes through the lens

Shutter opens for an instant

Film is ________________

Film is developed using chemicals

Analog vs. Digital

Analog _________________ Smooth Gradations Natural capture ________________

Digital Values measured Points and positions ________________ Electrical

Binary Code

Bit = " ________________."

Binary Code: ________________, 8 bit 2^0, 2^1,2^3….2^7= 8 bits

The code: 1011 (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0) Conversion = ________________ = 11

Bits and Bytes 8 Bits in a ________________

01100111 (Byte)

With 8 bits in a byte, you can represent ________________ values ranging from 0 to 255, as shown here:

0 = 00000000 1 = 00000001 2 = 00000010 ... 254 = 11111110

255 = 11111111

Bits and Color

This is why we have a 256 color limit in an 8-bit

system

Digital Camera

________________ Contains array of millions

of pixels Record Light intensity Convert light into

________________

CCD in Action http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/digital-camera1.htm

Capturing Color CCD cells are ________________

Only see in B/W or 1/0 _________________________ filters

Allows only one color to pass through

Color Capture http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/digital-camera3.htm

Color Filtering (interpolated) Color Filter Array

Permanent Filter pattern placed on each photo site (pixel group)

________________ Process of using

neighboring colors to determine the true color of a pixel

Algorithm (compression) http://

electronics.howstuffworks.com/digital-camera4.htm

Resolution

Resolution Table http://fred.dsimprove.be/__offSite/pixel/static.php

The ________________ of an image Printed or Digital Standards for each DPI, PPI Dots Per Inch, Pixels Per Inch

printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space.

Pixel Depth & Resolution

DPI & PPI

Dots ________________ measure of printing resolution,

in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space.

________ Per Inch Screen resolution of 1024x768

means 1,024 pixels (dots) horizontally across each of 768 lines (www.answers.com)

x65k or x60 hz Colors or cycles

Bitmap Graphics ________________ of

pixels Color

The color of each pixel is often consist of colored pixels defined by ________________ RGB

Depth of Color image that stores 24 bits of

color information per pixel (the standard for all displays since around 1995)

1 byte for each color

How Does it Work?

Vector Graphic

based upon ________ mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics

Since the art is made from a series of _________ __________ it will print very crisp no matter how you resize the art.

File Types & Ratings TIFF

_____________ (uncompressed) Raw Files from Cameras and Scanners 16 bit grayscale as well as _____________ commonly used file format for scientific images (no

loss of info) Very large files ____ ____________ with all programs

File Types & Ratings

PNG / PSD portable network graphics ____ _________ (preserves layers) lossless compression supports 48-bit color and 16 grayscale, lossless

compression Supports _____________ Compatible with _________ ___________ only

File Types & Ratings

JPEG joint photographic experts group 24-bit color _____________ compression technique

(discrete cosine function) Flattened Images (no layers) Does not support Transparency!!! Compatible with ____ _________ High quality 319K, medium quality 188K

File Types & Ratings

GIF graphics exchange format _____________ Transparency has a 256 color palette limitation _____________, limited files Compatible with all software

BMP lossless compression only 256 colors Small & simple Compatible with ____ _________

Works Cited Structure of digital cameras http://www-users.mat.uni.torun.pl/~olka/budowa.html Binary numeral system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number#Conversion_to_and_from_other_numeral_systems

www.howstuffworks.com How Digital Cameras work www.howstuffworks.com How Cameras work