Different ways to use GIS Eva Grum Tu-Vienna Institut for Geoinformation

Different ways to use GIS

Eva Grum

Tu-Vienna

Institut for Geoinformation

Grum Eva Tu-Vienna Institute for Geoinformation

27.01.2004 Forschungsseminar

Overview

What are „Geographic Information Systems“?

Pyramid of costs Layers Different kind of Data Where can you use GIS? Why use GIS?



What are „Geographic Information Systems“?

A GIS is a system of hardware, software, data, editors, and users

which combines layers of data about a place to give a better understanding of that place.



Pyramid of costs



Layers

A GIS stores

data about

the world as a

collection of themed

layers that can be

used together.



Different kind of Data

Raster data: has a geometric base element and this is the raster cell. A raster model consists of many cells.

Vector data: comprised points, linear connections between these points and polygons which are framed from such lines.



Where can you use GIS? 1/5

Landscape-information-systems:

Multi purpose cadastre Topographical information system



Cadastral map This is a cadastral

map where it is possible to find different features: -parcels, -streets, -houses and -some other

information about sewerage systems.



3D Model of a landscape

In this model there are only the base data for a 3D digital terrain model given.



3D Model of a mountain

Here are the base data and some additional data about the geology.




Spatial-information-systems

Regional planning and topographical planning

Municipal application Landscape planning Official statistics



Statistics

School boundaries with statistical information.




Environment-information-systems

International environment programs National environment programs Landscape-ecological application Agriculture and forestry Internal environment-information-system



Agriculture

An example for statistics and forestry.



3D map versus a 2D map

This map shows a

part of a national

park in two different

views.



Catastrophic risk in the United States

Here the risk zones for hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, and hailstorms are shown.




Network-information-systems

General requirement Examples for Network-information-

systems



Waterways

An example for the waterways and gullies.



Electricity

Shows the electric mains.



Where can you use GIS? 5/5 Specialty-information-system

GIS in transport and traffic GIS in business-area GIS in social-area GIS in national defence GIS in telecommunication GIS in resource-management Other GIS applications



Transportation:

The air transportation becomes more important. This is the status of air routes from Japan to Asia.



Telecommunication:

Areas with astrongenoughsignal to usethe wirelessnetworkdemonstrated ina 2D model.



Telecommunication:

Areas with a

strong

enough

signal to use

the wireless

network

demonstrated in

a 3D model.



Navigation:

Pedestrian andbicyclenavigationconsidered asexample fromAtlanta.



Routing planner: from Bregenz to Eisenstadt



The result of the query



Search for an exact address: Stephansplatz 1



The result of the query



Why use GIS? 1/3

Improve organizational integration:

A GIS can link data sets together by common locational data, such as addresses, which helps departments and agencies share their data.Data can be collected once and used many times.



Why use GIS? 2/3

Make better decisions:

“better information leads to better decisions”: this old adage is true for GIS.

For example: finding the right location for a house or a building in a low risk area and near a population center.



Why use GIS? 3/3

Make maps

A GIS creates maps from data drawn from databases.

Existing maps can be digitized and translated into the GIS as well.



References Bartelme, Norbert (1989), GIS Technologie, Springer

Verlag Stars, Jeffrey; Estes, John (1990), Geographic

Information Systems; Prentice Hall, New Jersey Bill, Ralph (1996), Grundlagen der Geo-

Infromationssysteme; Herbert Wichmann Verlag, Reinheim

Examples are from:

http://www.gis.com/

http://www.austrianmap.at/

http://www.wien.gv.at/wiengrafik/suche.htm

Documents

Different ways to use GIS Eva Grum Tu-Vienna Institut for Geoinformation