Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliyadocuments1.worldbank.org/curated/en/716041522165252274/...2017/02/05 · cimilada iyo horumarinta dhamaan wax tarkooda, keliya

Dib u dhiska adkaysigaiyo Joogtaynta

Beeraha Soomaaliya

Qaybtii Koowaad

Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka

SOO

MAALIYA W

areegtada Rasmiga Ah ee D

haqaalaha Wadanka • D

ib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya

SOOMAALIYA

@fao.org/[email protected]/somalia

GUUD MAR

In kastoo ay wax ka badan 20 sano ay Soomaaliya ka socdeen dagaalo sokeeye, haddana waxaa wadanku horay u qaaday sanadihii danbe talaabooyin horumar leh oo ay ka mid yihiin dhismaha hay’ado siyaasadeed oo joogto ah, dhaqaale iyo hay’adihii amaanka. Qodobadaani waxay horay u wadayaan mustaqbalka Soomaaliya oo noqdo xasiloon oo nabad iyo dhaqaale leh iyo horumarinta bulshada. Waxaa xaqiiq ah horumarinta iyo shaqooyinku inay wax weyn ku kordhinayaan horumarinta xaaladaha amaan iyo abuurista hab balaaran oo lagu dejiyo siyaasadda.

muhiim u yihiin haqab beelka cuntada iyo kororka dhaqaalaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhul balaaran oo siman oo qaybo kaal duwan leh oo lagu fidin karo beeraha. Waxaa jira dhul balaaran oo ku haboon daaqsinka xoolaha, soo saarka nacfiga xoolaha si kor loogu qaado suuqa sii

haboon beerashada dalagyada firalayda, iniinyaha saliidda, bahda digirta iyo qodaalka dalagyada. Wuxuu leeyahay wadanku aymo soo saara

lago ku shuba qaybahooda badda.

Taagerista soo kabashada beeraha, xoojinta u adkaysigooda cimilada iyo horumarinta dhamaan wax qabad muuqda oo dhinacaan ahi keliya kor uma qaadayso qaninimada joogtaynta horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee sidoo kale waxay gacan ka geysanaysaa dhismaha nabadda, yaraynta saboolnimada iyo nafaqadarada iyo helitaanka caafimaad wanaagsan oo ay helaan dadka ku nool miyiga iyo magaalooyinka. Warbixintaani waxay bixinaysaa, oo falanqaynaysaa inay ka caawin doonto sheegista iyo hagista dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo kuwa maamul goboleedyada iyo la hawl galayaasha caalamiga ah ee dhinaca horumarinta sidii ay xoogga u saari lahaayeen ka soo bixidda soo kabashada

Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya

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Photo credits:Cover & Inside ©FAO Somalia

SOMALIA: Rebuilding Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture

Copyright © 2018 by International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

ISBN 978-92-5-130420-4 (FAO)© FAO, 2018

Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments and members represented by either institution.

The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. FAO and The World Bank encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and The World Bank as source and copyright holders is given and that neither FAO nor The World Bank’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is implied in any way.

TUSMADAEreyo la soo gaabiyey ............................................................................................................................................... iArar ............................................................................................................................................................................ iiHordhac ..................................................................................................................................................................... ivMahadcelin ............................................................................................................................................................... viiTixraacyo ................................................................................................................................................................... 43

GUUD MAR .................................................................................................................................................... 1Beeruhu weli waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee kororka dhaqaalaha iyo yaraynta saboolnimada Soomaaliya ...... 3Kaabayaasha dhaqalaaha oo liita iyo xirfad yarida oo dib u dhigtay horumarinta beeraha ................................. 10Amaan daradda iyo hay’addaha maamul oo liito oo hoos u dhigay soo kabashada ............................................. 14Isu soo dhoweynta ragga iyo haweenka waxay faa’iido u yeelan kartaa kobaca faa’iidada beeraha iyo haqab beelka cuntada ......................................................................................................................................................... 16Dhibaatada deegaanka iyo isbedelka cimilada oo keenay caqabado cusub .......................................................... 17Wax soo saar xoogan iyo wax qabadka ganacsiga ee xoolaha nool waxay ka duwan tahay wax qabadka xoolaha ee wax soo saarka nacfiga xoolaha ........................................................................................................... 20wax tarka qaybta dalagga waa mid liidata, laakiin inay waxtarkeedu kordhaa waamid aad u saraysa ................ 25Wax yar ayaa laga ogyahay wax qabadka qaybta kaluumaysiga, laakiin wuxuu leeyahay muhiimad wanaagsan 34Hay’ado xoogan oo maamul, maaraynta, adeegyada fidinta iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ayaa looga baahan yahay in lagu taageero maal gelinta gaarka loo leeyahay ee wax soo saarka iyo suuq geynta ............................ 37Tala bixinno ku aadan xalinta isbedelka cimilada .................................................................................................... 37Tala bixinno ku aadan maamulka khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo dhul daaqsinka ..................................................... 38Tallo bixinno ku aadan kordhinta soo saarka nacfiga xoolaha iyo wax soo saarkooda .......................................... 39Talo bixinno ku saabsan kordhinta wax soo saarka dalagga ................................................................................... 40Talo bixin ku socda horumarinta kalluumaysiga ...................................................................................................... 41

SAwiRkA

Sawirka 0.1: Jaantuska haqab beelka cuntada Soomaaliya, qaybaha nolosha, Janaayo 2018 .......................... 4Sawirka 0.2: Dhulka ku haboon beeraha iyo qaybaha nolosha ee Soomaaliya ................................................... 5Sawirka 0.3: Wadaagista qoysaska xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka dalagga Soomaaliya, 1986–88 to 2013–16 .... 8Sawirka 0.4: Bakaarta iyo biraha kale ee hogaga la geliyo ee lagu kaydiyo firalayda s ...................................... 14Sawirka 0.5: Dhoofinta xabagta iyo mayida Soomaaliya, 2005–16 ...................................................................... 18Sawirka 0.6: Khataraha dhacay ee saameeyey beeraha Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysay, 1980–2017 ................... 19Sawirka 0.7: Dhoofka xoolaha Soomaaliya, nooca xoolo, intii u dhaxaysay, 1961–2016 .................................... 21Sawirka 0.8: Wax soo saarka xaanaha dhayda ah ee Somaaliya, nooca caano, 1961–2014 ............................... 24Sawirka 0.9: Jaantuska Soomaaliya ee dalagyada cunada rasmiga ah – meelaha laga beero ........................... 26Sawirka 0.10: Angaga Sagxadda Webiga Shabelle .................................................................................................. 28Sawirka 0.11: Wax soo saarka raashinka firalayda Soomaaliya, 1961–2015 ......................................................... 29Sawirka 0.12: Wax soo saarka dalagyada firalayda, raashinka la soo dejiyo, iyo cunada gargaarka ee Soomaaliya, 1988–2015 .............................................................................................................. 30Sawirka 0.13: Wax soo saarka Sisinta Soomaaliya, 1961–2017 .............................................................................. 30

ShAxDA

Shaxda 0.1: Soomaaliya waxay ku jirta 15 wadan ee ugu horeeya ee dhoofiya wax soo saarka beeraha, 1981–2015 (malaayiin dollar ee celceliska sanadeed) .................................................................... 9Shaxda 0.2: Soomaaliya waxay kaalinta sare uga jiraa soo dejinta wax ka soo baxa beeraha, 1981–2015 (malaayiin dollar celi celiska sanadkii) ............................................................................................... 11Shaxda 0.3: Tirada xoolaha Soomaaliya, gobol ahaan, 2014 ............................................................................... 22Shaxda 0.4: Wax soo saarak khudaarta iyo geed miroodka Soomaaliya, 1977–2017 ........................................ 33Shaxda 0.5: Falalka burcad badeed ee Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysa 2008 ilaa 2016 ........................................... 36Shaxda 0.6: Muhimadaha Soomaaliya eek u aadan wax ka qabashada isbedelka cimilada .............................. 38

ARC Gudiga qaxootiga Maraykanka

DFiD Waaxda horumarinta dibadda

EEZ Qaybta qalfoofka dhaqaalaha

FAO Hay’adda cuntada iyo beeraha

FAOSTAT Wada shaqaynta xogta tirooyinka ee Hay’adda cuntada iyo beeraha

FEwS Hay’adda ka sii digista cunnada

FGS Dawladda federaalka Somaaliya

FSNAU Hay’adda qiimaynta nafaqada iyo haqab beelka cuntada

GDP Wax soo saarka gudaha

iDP Dadka gudaha ku barakacay

iMF Hay’adda lacagta aduunka

iNDC Qoondaynta jaangoynta qaran

iOTC Shirkada Badweynta Hindiya ee Tuunada

NGO Hay’ad aand awli ahayn

PPP Wada shaqaynta dawladda iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay

SATG Gudiga farsamayaqaanada Beeraa Soomaliya

SwALiM Mashruuca maamulka dhulka iyo biyaha Soomaaliya

UN Qaramada Midoobay

UNFPA Sanduuqa tirakooba dadka ee qaramada midoobay

ErEyo lA Soo gAAbiyEyDhamaan lacagtu waa dollarka Maraykanka, keliya meelaha

aan ahayn siyaabo kale ayaa loo tilmaamay

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliyai

Ka sokow 20 sano in ka badan oo dagaal sokeeye socday, Soomaaliya waxay sanadihii la soo dhaafay samaysay horumar muhiim ah, iyadoo aas aastay hay’adihii rasmiga ahaa ee dhaqaale, siyaasadeed iyo amaan. Qaybahaani waa kuwo horay u qaadaya rajooyinka nabadeed, dhaqaalaha iyo horumarinta bulshada. Beeruhu weli waa kuwa ugu weyn kala bar tirada dadka Soomaaliyeed ee dhulka miyiga ah degani ay weli ku tiirsan yihiin. Waxay kaloo beerihu weli u yihiin qodob muhiim u ah haqab beelka cunada wadanka iyo kororka dhaqaalaha. Waxaana tan Baanka Aduunka oo kaashanaya hay’adda cunnada iyo beeraha qaramada midoobay ee FAO ay si wada jir ah uga soo saareen warbixin muhiim ah si looga gacan siiyo Soomaaliya fulinta qorshaha qaran 2017 ilaa 2019 ee horumarinta, iyo in la tilmaamo siyaasad horay loogu wado iyo barnaamijiyada si ay ugu hawl galaan la hawl galayaasha horumarinta. Warbixintu waxaa lagu ururiyey dhamaan xogta suurta galka ah ee ay tahay in la qoro ee ku aadan sida Xoolaha iyo dalagyada Soomaaliya oo ay xaaladooda sii xumaynayeen dhibaatooyinka ka jira kaabyaasha biyaha iyo wadooyinka, gaadiidka, amaan darada, sharciga liita iyo tamar darada hay’adaha dawliga, iyo xaaladda nabaad guurka deegaanka ee haysata dhul daaqsimeedkii iyo kaymihii wadanka. Waxaa si balaaran u lumay hantidii maguuraanka ahayd, dakhligii iyo noloshii, waxayna tani ka dhalatay abaarta daran ee hadda jirta oo qayb ahaan ku keentay dayacnaan daran oo uga timid waxyaabo la xiriira cimilada iyo isbedelkeeda. Waxaa intaas dheer, in badan oo ka mid ah bulshooyinka xeebaha waa kuwo dayacan, iyadoo aysan jirian sharciyo rasmiya oo lagu kormeero, lagu ilaaliyo, maraakiibta shisheeye ee geysanaya kaluumaysiga sharciga ah iyo kan sharci darada ah. In kastoo ay jiraan dhibaatooyinkaan iyo caqabado kale, warbixintaani waxay tilmaamaysaa dhinaca wanaagsan ee horumarintaa qaybtaan beeruhu ay u leedahay baraaraha. Dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhul siman oo baaxd leh oo dhul-beereed iyo noocyo kala duwan oo beero-iyo-xoolo ku dhaqmaan ah, kaasoo ku habboon fidinta beeraha. Waxaa jira dhul balaaran oo ku haboon dhul daaqsimeedka, wax soo saarka quudka xoolaha si loo taageero kor u qaadista suuqa wadanka iyo ganacsiga wax dhoofinta; sidoo kale qaybo kale oo waxaa jira leh ciid wax dhalis fiican oo lagu beeran karo firaleyda, iniinyaha saliidda laga miiro, bahaha digirta iyo qodaalka dalagyada. Waxaa uu leeyahay dhulku kaymo ay ka soo baxaan xabag iyo maydi loona isticmaalo dhoofka iyo suuqyada gudaha, waxa kaloo kaymaha laga helaa dhuxul wax lagu karsado. Wadanka biyihiisa waxaa sal u ah habab isku xiran oo dariiqoyo

ArAr

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya ii

biyahaasi ay ku galaan badda. Haddii la siiyo kormeer hagaagsan, maamul, taageero maal gelin oo dawladeed iyo maaraynta deegaanka, qayb hoosaadka xooluhu wuxuu noqon karaa mid adkaysi leh, hor mariya tayada xoolaha iyo kor u qaadis nacfiga ka soo baxa uu yeesho, taaso siisa qiimo dheeraad ah; qaybta dalagyada waa la soo noolayn karaa, wuxuna ka wanaagsan karaa siduu wax soo saarka iyo dhoofkoodu ahaa ka hor dagaalka; bulshooyinka xeebaha iyo kalluumaysiga bedweyntu sidoo kale wuxuu dhaqaalaha ku kordhin kara wax macno leh. Taageerista qaybaha si ay uga soo kabtaan abaaraha, in la xoojiyo adkaysigooda cimilada iyo horumarinta dhamaan wax tarkooda, keliya ma kordhinayaan horumarinta dhaqaalaha laakiin sidoo kale waxay caawinayaan aasaaska nabadda iyo amaanka, yaraynta saboolnimada iyo nafaqa darada, iyo wanaajinta caafimaadka magaalooyinka iyo miyigaba. Sidoo kale waxaan rajaynaynaa in warbixintaani ay gacan ka geysato inay caawiso oo hagto dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo maamul goboleedyada iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah ee dhinaca horumarinta ee la hawl gala sidii ay xoogga u saari lahaayeen soo kabashada wakhtiga dheer iyo jawaabaha laga bixinayo arrimaha bani’aadanimo, si loo helo horumarinta wakhtiga dheer iyo joogtaynta kobcinta qaybtaan.

Ugu danbayna, waxaan fursadaan anakoo ka faa’iidaysanayna u mahad celinaynaa Somaali badan, oo aqoonyahano iyo saraakiil maamulba ah, kuwaas la shaqeeyey kooxaheenii farsamo ee samaynayey cilmi baaristaan iyo la tashiyada, kuwasoo naga caawiyey inaan si hagaagsan u fahano caqabadaha ay wajahayaan beeraha Soomaaliya iyo fursadaha dib u dhigaya horumarintooda.

Bella BirdMadaxa Kooxda Baanka Aduunka ee Soomaaliya

Daniele DonatiU qaybsanaha Soomaaliya ee hay’adda

cunnada iyo beeraha qaramada midoobay ee FAO

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliyaiii

HorDHAc27 sano oo wadanka ay ka jireen dagaallo sokeeye, qul qulatooyin iyo maamulka dawliga ah oo liita ama maqan iyo dhibaatooyinka siyaasadeed ee soo noq noqday, dawladaha iyo bulshada guduhu midna iskuma deyin inay dhisaan awoodii maamul iyo hay’ado maamul, horumarinta amaanka, dib u dayac tirka kaabayasha dhaqaale ee muuqda iyo bixinta deegaan bixin kara in qaybaha gaarka loo leeyahay wax ka qabtaan, tanoo ay dhinaca socoto labada ujeedo ee soo noolaynta dhaqaalaha iyo xaqiijinta xasilooni siyaasadeed. Gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay ahaayeen kuwo nabadi ka jirto, iyagoona sii waday hab dhaqameed soo jiray oo ku aadan dhismaha dawliga iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Tan iyo 2012 Dawladda Fedraalka Soomaaliya waxay ku guulaysatay inay isku fidiso qaybaha ay ka maamusho wadanka ee gobollada koonfureed, inkastoo weli meelo badan ay haystaan kooxaha argagixisada ahi, khaas ahaan meelaha miyiga ah ee ka baxsan magaalooyinka sida Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo. Sidookale waxay ku guulaysatay inay dhisto dawlad goboleedyo ka mid ah maamul goboleedyada, waxay qabatay dooraashooyin lagu doortay madaxweynayaal cusub, maamul iyo baarlamaan iyo kor u qaadista ilaha gudaha ee canshuuruhu ka soo xeroodaan, inkastoo weli dayac badani ka jiro.

Xitaa wakhtiyadii dagaalka sokeeye, ayna maqnayd dawladdii dhexe, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid u sii korayey hab casriya. Markii nidaamkii dawladdu ka dumay kobollada koonfureed tani kamay turjumin bur bur dhaqaale qayb ahaan dhacay maxaa yeelay xukumadii hore ayaa ahayd mid xanibaad badan ku haysay dhaqaalah. Qaadista hanaankii dawladdu ku maamulaysay dhaqaalaha keliya may keenin wax tarka horumarka dhaqaale, laakiin qaybaha dhaqaalaha gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa noqday kuwo bixiya adeegyo kala duwan oo ay dabooli kari waayeen hay’adihii dawli ee meesha ka baxay, waxaana ka mid ah adeegyadaas is gaarsiinta, gaadiidka hawada, xawladaha lacagaha iyo biyaha, korantada magaalooyinka inkastoo aysan ku filayn iyo adeegyada bulshada. Qodobada kale ee caawiyey dhaqaalaha waxaa ka mid ah xawaaladaha lacagaha lagu diro, ayna soo diraan xirfadalayaal aad u sareeya oo qurbaha jooga ahi, hababka maamul ee xeer dhaqameedka ah oo hab qabiil isugu xiran ayaa keenay hab amaan ah oo la xiriira lahaanshaha hantida iyo meel marinta heshiisyada, xitaa Gobolada koonfureed ee dagaladu halakeeyeen; iyo in ganacsiga aan nidaamsanayn ee lala leeyahay wadamada deriska uu kor u kaco, kanoo keenay ilo cusub oo dakhli.

In kastoo magaalayntu ay sii kordhayso, qiyaasta 49% oo tiro ahaan gaaraysa 6 milyan oo qof ayaa weli ku nool dhulalka miyiga ah, kanoo kala bar ka badani ay noloshoodu ku tiirsan tahay xoolo raacatonimo, wax ka yar kala barna ay ku tiirsan tahay qodaalka iyo qayb yar oo ah kalluumaysato. Waxa sida rasmiga ah magaalooyinka ama dadka soo barakacay ay ku tirisanyihiin quud ahaan iyo ganacsiga xoolaha Soomaaliya

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya iv

iyo wax yaabaha nacfiga ah ee ka soo baxa, dalagyada iyo kallumaysiga. Qormada warbixinta waxay wax ka taraysaa shaqada hay’addaha horumarinta ka shaqeeya ee caalamiga ah inay si fir fircoon wadanka uga hawl galaan, waa in kororka dhaqaaluhu yahay wax muhiim u ah dhismaha nabadda iyo dhismaha dawliga. Waxaa xaqiiq ah, horumarinta iyo shaqooyinka wax ku kordhin kara horumarinta xaaladaha amaan iyo abuurista hab xasiloon oo siyaasadeed. Weli beeruhu waxay yihiin udub dhexaadka kobaca dhaqaalaha wadanka, wakhtigaan waxaa la gaaray wakhtigii ku haboonaa ee dhamaan heerarka dawladda iyo la hawl galayaasha dhinaca horumarinta ay u dersi lahaayeen baahiyaha horumarinta ee wakhtiga dhexe iyo kan dheer ee dhinacyada beeraha iyo bilowga qorshaynta ay xalka ugu helayaan caqabadaha haysta.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, hay’adda cunnada iyo beeraha FAO, hay’ado kale oo horumarinta ah oo kala duwan iyo Baanka Aduunku waxay soo saareen warbixinno ka hadlaya heerar kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin maamulka qaybaha dhaqaalaha, xiriirka muuqda ee dawladaha, fursadaha kororka dhaqaalaha iyo beeraha. Shaqada hadda la taaban karo ee dhowaanahan laga qabtay ee ku aadan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya, inkastoo la fuliyey 10 sano wax ka badan ka hor, markii Baanka Aduunku wuu diyaariyey warbixinta ka hadlaysa dhaqaalaha wadanka iyo xog ka hadlaysa qiimayn isku xiran oo ku aadan baahiyaha ayna kala shaqaysay barnaamijka horumarinta qarmaada midoobay ee UNDP, labada warbixinood waxay ka hadlayeen wax tarka qaybaha beeraha iyo caqabadaha haysta, cinwaanka warbixinahaasi waxay ahaayeen ( Baanka Aduunka; 2006, Baanka Aduunka iyo UNDP 2007).

Warbixintaan waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyey Baanka Aduunka iyo xarunta dhexe ee maal gelinta ee FAO, kaasoo ay xog badan ku dartay xafiiska FAO ee Soomaaliya iyo iyadoo ay taageerayso wasaaradda qorshaynta, maal gashiga iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha, sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah wasaaradaha iyo qaybaha hoose ee dawladda. Waxayna u tagan tahay noocii ugu horeyey ee shaqo isku xiran oo la qorsheeyey oo uu fuliyey Baanka Aduunka, kuna sameeyey hab is faham oo dhaqaalaha wadanka ah, kaasoo la rajaynayo inuu dhamays tirmo sanadka 2018. Qaybta kale ee ka tirsan CEM wuxuu oo daboolayaa warbixinaha iyo isgaarsiinta, tamarta, dhaqaalaha iyo qaybaha gaadiidka iyo wadooyinka iyo maduucyo kale oo soo hoos gelaya. Qaybtaan waxey iimanayaa, dhamaan qaybaha juquraafi siyaasadeed ee gobollada Soomaaliya, waxa qoysasku ka helaan nolosha, wax dhoofinta iyo kororka dhaqaalaha ee ay ugu horayso qaybaha beeraha ee kala ah xoolaha, dalaygada, kaymaha, kalluumaysiga iyo habaynta wax soo saarka, ka hor wakhtigii iyo kadib dagaalkii sokeeye bartamihii sanadihii 2010naadkii. Sidoo kale warbixintu waxay falan qaynaysa caqabadaha ugu waaweyn, dhibaatoyinka qaybahaan iyo niyadsamida kororka beeraha ee jira. Sidoo kale ma sheegayso xalinta waxyeelada wakhtiga dhow ee ka dhalatay aabaraha daran ee ku dhufatay waqooyi galbeed sanadkii 2015. Intaas waxaa dheer, iyadoo ay yartahay xogta kaydsan ee qaybaha laga hayo sida kaluumaysiga, waana tan xanibtay in la fuliyo xog tayeysan oo ka hadlaysa qabtaan. Dulmaris gaar u taagan ayaa LA soo

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliyav

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya vi

saaray taasoo bixinaysa koobis guud oo ku aadan qodobada ladoor biday iyo talo bixinno ku aadan warbixinta

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorayaasha xogtaan ayaa rajeynaya in macluumaadka iyo falanqaynta la soo bandhigay ay bixin doonto faahfaahin dheeraad ah, iyadoo loo marayo istiraatijiyado, barnaamijyo iyo in lagu fuliyo hanaanka qaran ee horumarinta 2017 ilaa 2019, sidoo kale waxay wax ku kordhinaysaa diyaarinta qorshaha kan xiga ee qaran ee dhinaca horumarinta ah. Warbixintu sidookale waxay taageeraysaa ururinta xogta lagama maarmaanka ah, dhismaha mashaariicda maal gelinta ee horumarinta beeraha iyo dhismaha qaybaha kale ee maaliyadda iyo taakulada farsamo ee gacan siinaysa bulshada caalamiga ah ee dhinaca horumarinta iyo maal gashiga gaarka loo leeyahay oo ay ka mid yihiin qurbo joogta Soomaaliya.

Warbixintaan waxaa si wada jir ah u soo saaray Baanka Aduunka iyo hay’adda cuntada iyo beeraha ee FAO iyagoo si dhow ula shaqayanyey dawladda federaalka iyo maamul gobleedyada xubnaha ka ah federaalka. Waxaa taageero dhaqaale ku bixiyey sanduuqa deeqaka kala duwan ee Soomaaliya ee loo soo gaabiyo SMPF ee hoos imanaya aqoonta Soomaaliya waxyaabaha ka soo baxayey ee uu hormuudka ka ahaa John Randa oo ah khabiis sare oo dhaqaalaha ah, kana tiran baanka aduunka, Praveen Kumar oo hogaamiye dhaqaalaha ah kana tiran Baanka Aduunka iyo Pascal Sanginga oo ah sarkaal sare oo ah maal gelinta, kanta tirsan xarunta dhexe ee maalinta hay’adda FAO, waxaana xogtaan isku duba riday, soona habeeyey kooxo ka socda labadaan

Waxaa xudun u ahaa qorayaasha ka soday Baanka Aduunka waxaa ka mid ahaa Gianni, Zanini, Paul D’Alessandro, Verena Phipps, iyo Catherine Ngumbau. Qoraayaasha ka socday FAO waxaa xudun u ahaa Maxamuud Cabdi Nuur, Xuseen Macow Xaaji, Richard Trenchard, Sergio Innocente, Jan Helsen, Saciid Khaalid, Maalik Amin, Molla Daniel, Njeru Jeremiah, Julius Mwangi iyo Laxman Reddy. Waxaa iyana wax ku kordhin wax tar leh ku daray kooxda maaulka biyaha iyo dhulka ee Soomaaliya SWALIM iyo Qaybta la socoshada qiimaynta haqab beelka cunada iyo nafaqada ee FSNAU.

Waxaa dib u egis ku sameeyey oo ka socday Baanka Aduunka Teklu Tesfaye, oo ah khabiir dhinaca beeraha ah iyo Charlotte De Fontaubert oo isna khabiir ku ah kalluumaysiga, sidookale shaqaale kale oo badan oo ka socdday Baanka Aduunka iyo FAO ayaa dib u eegis ku sameeyey qoraalkii ugu danbeeyey ee warbixinta iyo cutubyadii hore qaybo ka mid ah iyo iyagoo bixiyey wax tar qiimo leh oo lagu hormarinayey tayada warbixinta ugu danbaysa.

Kooxdu waxay si weyn ugu mahad celinayaan taageradii iyo talooyin muhiim ah ay bixiyeen maamulka baanka aduunka iyo FAO, khaas ahaan Belle Bird oo ah madaxa Baanka Aduunka ee Somaaliya iyo Daniele Donati oo ah u qaybsahana FAO ee Soomaaliya; Abebe Adugna ah madaxa hawl fulinta Baanka Aduunka iyo Hugh Riddell oo ah mamulaha hal fulinta ee Baanka Aduunka iyo Gayle Martin oo ah hogaanka barnaamijka Baanka Aduunka.

Waxaa tifaftirtay warbixinta Barbara Karni iyo Susan Wangui oo iyana bixisay naqshadaynta iyo sar goynta. Xasan Xirsi iyo Chi Alel oo iyana hagayey xiriirka iyo warbaahinta la xiriirta waajibaadka lagu qaybinayo warbixinta. Janerose LUbisia,

MAHADcElin

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliyavii

Eugenia Konya, Margarte Odhiambo, Celstine Kisaka, Maxamed Cabdi iyo Idiris Maxamuud ayaa iyana bixiyey hab guud oo wadaagista iyo taakulada farsamo ee warbixinta ah.

Ugu danbayn, kooxdu waxay soo dhowanysaa la hawl galayaashii sida dhow ula shaqeeyey ee ka socday Dawladda Federaalka Soomaaliya iyo Dawlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka oo iyagu go’aaminayey qorshaynta, beeraha, xoolaha, kalluumaysiga iyo deegaanka, kuwaasoo bixiyey jawaabo wax tar leh xilligii Sebteembar 2017 ee ay ka socotay Muqdisho wada tashiga ku aadan xogtaani.

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya viii

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya 1

GUUD MAR

Soomaaliya Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka • Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya2

warbixintaan isku dhafan oo ay si wada jir ah u soo saareen Baanka Aduunka iyo hay’adda cuntada iyo beeraha Qaramada Midoobay ee loo soo gaabiyo FAO, waxay qayb ahaan si balaaran uga hadlaysaa dejinta dhaqaalaha iyo qayb ay shaqo oo ay fuliyeen hay’addo horumarinta ka shaqeeya oo kala duwan si ay u caawiyaan Soomaalida, si ay taageero ugu hesho fulinta qorshaha qaran ee horumarinta ee 2017 ilaa 2019 iyo diyaarinteeda ku shaqayn (oo la qorsheeyey in la bilaabo 2018) iyo diyaarinta qorshaha horumarinta qaran ee xiga. Inkastoo ay jirto helitaanka xogta oo aad u yar, warbixintu

waxay xoogga saaraysa qiimaynta wakhtiga dhexe iyo wakhtiga dheer ee ku aadan

waxa laga qabanayo guud ahaan beeraha oo kala ah xoolaha, dalagyada, kaymaha iyo

kalluumaysiga, waxaana ka mid ah habaynta waxa beeraha ka soo baxa iyo siday wax ugu

kordhinayaan nolosha qoyska, dhoofka iyo kororka dhaqaalaha ee dhamaan gobollada.

Warbixintu sidoo kale waxay iftiiminaysaa caqabadaha waaweyn ee haysta horumarinta,

muhiimadda kororka, siyaasadda iyo dibu habaynta hay’adaha maamul iyo qaybaha maal

gashiga. Warbixintu ma sheegayso faafaahin ku saabsan saamaynta wakhtiga dhow ee

ay keeneen abaaraha daran ee saameeyey Somaaliyland soona bilowday sanadkii 2015,

markii danbena abaartu ku sii fidday qaybaha kale ee wadanka sanadihii 2016 ilaa 2017.

Arrintaas waa tan xoogga saaraysa saamaynta abaarta ee loo baahan yahay in qiimayn

lagu sameeyo oo la bahiyey Janaayo 2018.

Aas aaska warbixintaani ku salaysan waa in kororka dhaqaaluhu siduu wax aad muhiim ugu ah u yahay dhismaha nabadda iyo dawladnimada, hay’addaha maamul ee tamarta daran, amaan darada, wax iska caabinta jirta, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee liita, nabaad guurka deegaanka iyo isbedelka cimilada, qaybahaan oo dhamaantood dhibaato ku ah horumarka dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan gobollada bartamaha iyo koonfurta. Caqabadahaani, inta badan cimilada dhulalka qalaylka iyo qalayl xigeenada

iyo dhibaatooyinka ka dhashay abaaraha ee sanadihii 2011 iyo 2015 ilaa 2017 ilaa

haddana taagan, beeruhu waa, wayna ka ahaan doonaan udub dhexaadka horumarinta

dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Taageerada soo kabashada qaybtaan oo ka soo kabata abaarta,

xoointeeda u adkaysiga abaarta waxay kordhinaysaa awoodda u adkaysi ee dhibaatoyinka

daran ee ka dhasha cimilada, sidoo kale kor u qaadista wax qabadka guud ee qaybtaani

keliya ma xoojinayso aasaaska horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee waxay sidoo kale caawinaysaa

aasaaska nabadda iyo amaan darada, yaraynta saboolnimada iyo nafaqa darada iyo

xoojinta caafimaadka. Waxa ka danbeeya jawaabaha laga bixinayo gurmadka ku aadan

gargaarka bani’aadanimo ee wakhtiga dhow iyo qorshayaasha soo kabashada, waana

tan u ah muhiimka ee dawladda federaalka iyo maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya iyo

la hawl galayashoodu ay xoogga ku saarayaan horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee wakhtiga

dheer iyo kan dhexe, khaas ahaan qaybta beeraha, sidaa dared waxay bilaabi karaan

qorshaynta ku h aboon barnaamijyadaan iyo mashaariicda, fulinta siyaasad wanaasan iyo

isku dubaridka dhaqaalaha looga bahan yahay si loo fuliyo.


Beeruhu weli waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee kororka dhaqaalaha iyo yaraynta saboolnimada SoomaaliyaQaybta beeraha Soomaaliya waxay wajahayaan caqabado kala duwan. Qaybaha

dalagyada iyo xoolaha ayaa ah qaybaha ay u sii kordhayaan nuglaanta iyo dhibaatooyinka

deegaanka, iyadoo ay ku yimaadaan abaaro iyo daadad iska soo daba noqnoqday oo ka

dhashay ibedelka cimilada, iyo beeraha oo aan cilmi baaris lagu samayn iyo adeegyadii

fidinta. Wax soo saarka dalagga waxaa saamayn si gaar ah ugu yeelatay dhibaatooyinka

ay keeneen qodobadaan soo xusnay, sidoo kale sii socoshada colaadaha, maqnaanshaha

hay’adihii maamul iyo duruufaha ka sii daraya ee la socoshada daadadka, waraabka iyo

kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya.

Soomaaliya waxay ahayd mid isaga filan dhianca dalagyada firalayda ilaa dhamaadkii 1980maadkii, tan iyo intii dagaalada sokeeye ku fideen koonfurta Soomaaliya 1990 wax soo saarkii dalagga ee wadanku wuxuu noqoday mid ay dhibaato gaartay. Sanadkii

la soo dhaafay (ka hor abaarta hadda jirta). Gargaarka cunnada iyo cunnada la soo

dhoofiyo waxay ahayeen kuwo aad uga badan marka loo eego raashingka (firalayda)

gudaha wadanka ka soo baxda, wax soo saarka wadanka ayaana keliya haqab tira baahida

cunno ee gudaha qiyaasta 22% baahida raashin ee loo baahan yahay, xitaa xilliyada ay

soo baxaan dalagyada wanaagsan, ma haqab tiraan wax dhaafsiisan kala bar baahida

raashin. Bilowgii sanadkii 2015, intaysan abaarta hadda jirtaa bilaaban ee saamaysay

gobollada waqooi galbeed. 17% tirade dadka wadanka waxay ahaayeen kuwo ay haysato

nafaqa daro, deg degna ugu baahan cunno gargaar. Dhamaadkii bishii Oktoobar 2017,

kadib markii dhowr xilli roobaad oo is xig xiga la waayey, qiyaasta kala bar tirade dadka

wadanka gaaraysa 6.2 milyan oo qof ayaa u baahnaa gargaar bani’aadanimo, iyadoo 3.1

milyan oo qofna ay haysata cunno la’aan daran. Waxaana mahad leh bulshada gargarka

oo taageero balaaran oo dhinaca gurmadka bani’aadanimo bixiyey iyo roobab mahiigaan

ah (inkatoo qaybo badan ay ka hooseeyeen heerkii caadiga ahaa) oo da’ay xili roobaadkii

dayrta 2017 oo da’ay intii u dhaxaysay bilihii Oktoobar ilaa Diiseembar, haqab beelka

cunnada ayaa wanaagsanaadan, waxaana hoos u dhacday khatartii jirtay eek u aadanayd

inay macaluuli dhacdo. Waxase intaas dheer dhamaadkii bishii Janaayo ee 2018 daaqa

oo yar iyo xaaladaha biyaha ku liita qaybo ka mid ah bulshooyinka xoola dhaqatada ee

waqooyiga iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya iyo qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Gedo iyo iyadoo weli

inta badan dhulka Soomaaliya uu ku jiro xaalad walaac, waxaana walacaas qaba dad lagu

qiyaasay 2.8 milyan oo qof ama inay khatar ku jiraan dad lagu qiyaasay 1.5 milyan oo qof.

(Sawirka 0.1).


Sawirka 0.1: Jaantuska haqab beelka cuntada Soomaaliya, qaybaha nolosha, Janaayo 2018

Isha xogta: Hay’adda ka sii digista macaluusha ee FEWSNET (http://www.fews.net/east-africa/somalia/key-message-update/january-2018);Fiiro gaar ah: Muqaalkaan waxaa lagu qaabeeyey habka lagu kala saaray haqab beelka cunnada iyo xaaladda nafaqo. Waxayna salka ku haysaa tilmaamo ku aadan quudashada cunnada, helista cunnada, isbedelka nolosha, xaaladaha nafaqo, heerka cunnada iyo dhibaatooyinka iyo dayaca bulshada haysta.


Sawirka 0.2: Dhulka ku haboon beeraha iyo qaybaha nolosha ee Soomaaliya

Isha xoga: SWALIM, reported in FSNAU 2015


Inkastoo ay jiraan caqabad daran oo ay wajahayaan 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, kuwaasoo nugleeyay haddana qaybaha xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka dalagyadu weli waa isha ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha, shaqaalaynta iyo wax dhoofinta Soomaaliya. Sidaa

darted waxay muhiim u yihiin soo kabashada dhaqaalaha iyo horumarinta wakhtiga

dheer. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay habab kala duwan oo dhaqaalaha beraha ah kaasoo

caawinaya in la balaariyo iyo laga helo wax soo saar balaaran oo ku filan gudaha iyo in

loo dhoofiyo suuqyada dibadda (sawirka 0.2). Waxaa jira dhul balaaran oo ku haboon

daaqsinka iyo wax soo sarka calafka xoolaha. Dhulal ciidoodu wax dhalis fiican ahay oo

ku haboon in laga so saaro dalagyada firalayda, miraha saliidda, bahda digiraha iyo wax

beerashada. Kaymaha weli waxaa laga helaa xabag iyo maydi loo dhoofiyo dibadda,

gudahana loo isticmaalo iyo dhuxul wax lagu karsado.

waxaa intaas dheer, biyaha dheer ee badda Soomaaliya waxay hoy u yihiin qaybo badan oo kala duwan oo noocyo khayraadka badda ah. Halka weli kalluumaysiga

xeebuhu yahay mid heerkiisu hooseeyo, maqnaanshaha sharci wax tar leh iyo kormeerka

markiibta ganacsiga ee shisheeye ayaa keenay jilaabasho sharci iyo sharci daro isugu

jira. Haddii la siiyo maamul wanaagsan xeebaha iyo badweynta khayraadka ku jira waxay

noqon karaan koror dhaqaale oo wanaagsan.

Somaaliya dadkeedu waxaa hab nololeedkoodau kala yahay shan qaybood oo kala ah, xoolo raacato, beeralay xoolo dhaqatada, kalluumaysiga iyo xeebaha, magaalooyinka iyo dadka gudaha ku barakacay. Qiyaasta 49% dadka wadanka ku nool waxay ku nool

yihin miyiga, qiyasta 46% dadka shaqeeya waxay ka shaqeeyaan beeraha, 25% waa dalag

qodato, 9% waa xoolo raacato, 4 % waa kalluumaysi iyo 7% oo ah hawlo la xiriira kaymaha

iyo habaynta waxa ka soo baxa beeraha.

Xoolo raacatada rasmiga ah qiyaasta 25% ayey ka yihiin tirade dadka, waxayna ku sugan yihiin dhulka miyiga Soomaaliya. Intoodbadan waa dad sabool ah oo reer guuraa ah.

Xoolo dhaqato beeralayadu qiyaastii waa 23% tirade dadka, waxayna noloshoodu tahay

mid ku tiirsan labada qaybood ee wax soo saarka dalagga iyo xoolo raacista ama dalagga

keliya. Intooda badan waxay ku nool yihiin inta u dhaxaysa labada webe ee koonfurta iyo

bartamaha Soomaaliya, inkastoo qaar ku nool qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta iyo waqooyi

galbeed oo ku tiirsan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ku jira iyo roobabkay sanadka helaan. Cel

celis ahaan dhulbeereedka ay ka baxaan muuska, liinta, canabka iyo babayga waa 20,

14, 10 iyo 0.5 hectar. Inta badan wax soo saarka raashinka firaleyda iyo sisinta waxaa

beera beeralay heerka yar yar ah oo lagu qiyaasay cel celis ahaan inay wax ka beeraan

2 – 5 higtar, inta badan wax soo saarka dalagyada kalena waxaa beera beeralay cel celis

ahaan keliya haysta dhul dhan 0.2 ilaa 3 higtar. Qaybaha beeralaydaan caadiyan waxay


yihiin kuwo sabool ah, oo aan lahayn tayo ama haysan dhaqaale ay ku kordhiyaan wax

soo saarka ama ay ku casriyeeyaan habka farsamo ee beerashada. Waxaa intaas dheer

bulshooyinka ku nool dhulalka xeebaha waxay caadi ahaan yihiin kuwo jilaabta kalluunka.

Dadka ku nool caasimadaha iyo magaalooyinka oo 42% ka ah tirade dadka. Waa kuwo

cunto iibsadayaal ah si balaaranna ugu tiirsan dhaqaale u soo galla hab aan toos ahayn,

ganacsi, shaqo muruq maal ah iyo lacago laga helo xawaaladaha. Dagaaladda sokeeya

ayaa laga dhaxlay barakac balaaran oo dadku gudaha ku barakaceen qiyaastana 9% tirade

dadka Somaaliyeed ayaa ah barakac, kuwaasoo intooda badan ku nool saboolnimo aad

u daran, iyagoo degan magaalooyinka iyo meelo u dhow xeryaha qaxootiga. Iyagoo dhan

waa dad si balaaran ugu tiirsan gargaarka bani’aadanimo iyo cunnada gargaarka.

Qaybta beeruhu waxay dhaqaalaha wadanka ku kordhisaa cadad aan la ogayn, waayo ma jirto xog rasmiya iyo tirakoob guud oo lagu sameeyey dhamaan wax ka soo baxa beeraha, qiimaha lagu iibiyo iyo waxa la geliyo. Waxaana muhiims si weyn u ah oo sii

kordhiya wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo dhoofkooda, tanoo ay soo raacaan afarta qaybood

ee waaweyn ee beeraha oo kala ah xoolaha, dalagyada, kaymaha iyo kaluumaysiga,

waxaana ay yihiin kuwo si balaaran kor ugu kacaya iyadoo qiyaasta 62% ilaa 75% ay ka

yihin dakhliga guud ama ay ka sii badan karaan. Ka hor dagaalka sokeeye, qaybta wax

soo saarka dalagga beeruhu wuxuu ahaa kan labaad ee ugu balaaran ee dhaqaalaha u ah

dakhliga guud ee Soomaaliya iyo dhoofkooda marka laga soot ago xoolaha nool. Waxayna

weli muhiim u tahay haqab beelka cuntada, laakiin waxay ku kordhiyaan dhaqaalaha

wakhtigaan waa mid aad uga yar sidii markii hore ay ahaayeen, maxaa yeelay wixii ka soo

baxay raashinka soo go’a ayaa qiyaastii 60% hoos u dhacay marka loo eego sanadkii 1989.

Waxaa wax badan la isku halayn karaa qiyaasta tilmaamaysa in dhoofka xooluhu ay u yihiin muhiim ayna qayb balaaran ka yihiin dakhliga guud ee dadka, kaasoo ahaa 75% wax soo saarka guud dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii, isagoo noqday 83% bartamihii sanadihii 2010naadkii. Xiliyo la soo dhaafay qaybta wax soo saarka dalagyada waxa ka

soo baxaa waxay hoos u dhaceen 25% ilaa 17%, (eeg sawirka 0.3).

Nuskii hore ee sanadihii 2010naadkii, wax dhoofinta beeraha waxay ka ahaayeen 93% wax dhoofinta guud ee wadanka, waxayna wax yar ka hoosaysaa intay ahayd dagaalkii sokeeye ka hor oo ahayd 95%. Dhoofka wax ka soo baxa beeraha waxay ahaayeen kuwo

sii kordhayey tan iyo sanadkii 2000, iyagoona gaaray 2015 aduun gaaraya 634 milyan oo

dollar, waxayna shan goor qiimahaani ka badan yahay dakhliga ka soo bixi jiray wixii la

dhoofin jiray ka hor dagaalkii. Kororkaani sidaa darted wuxuu ka yimid dhoofka xoolaha

oo si xoog leh kor ugu kacay (inta badan xoolaha la qalo waxaase jira kuwo dhaqaal ah).

Dhoofka xoolaha oo noqday 2015kii aduun gaaraya 533 milyan oo dollar wuxuu 10 goor


ka badan yahay dhaqaalaha ka soo xeroon jiray xoolihii la dhoofin jiray 1980maadkii. Iyadoo jawaabtaan wanaagsan ay ka imaanayso dhoofka xoolaha ayaa haddana waxaa

gebi ahaanba bur buray dhoofkii muuska oo mar ahaan jiray waxa labaad ee ugu balaaran

ee Soomaaliya dibadda u dhoofiso, bartamihii sanadihii 2010naadkii xooluhu waxay

dakhliga dhoofka ka soo xerooda ka ahaayeen 84%, halka sanadihii 1980kii ay ahaayeen

53% (eeg shaxda 0.1). waxaana jirta abaaro wayahan jiray iyo Sucuudiga oo dib u soo

cusboonaysiiyey xanabaadii xoolaha Soomaaliya uga imanayey, tanina waxay keentay in

tiradii xoolaha dhoofaysay ay hoos u dhacda sanadihii 2016 iyo 2017

Xogta laga diwaan geliyey dhoofinta sisinta waxay hoos ugu soo dhacday 34 milyan oo dollar sanadkii 2015, iyadoona gaaraysay 40 milyan oo dollar, waxaana loo dhoofinayey wadanka Hindiya. Inkastoo khubarada Soomaalidu ay rumaysan yihiin in

tiradan ay tahay mid aan si hagaagsan loo qiyaasin, kuna salaysnayn waxa rasmiga ah

ee dhoofay. Laakiin markii dhoofka muusku joogsaday, liinta la qalajiyey ayaa noqotay

waxa keliya ee geed mirood iyo khudaar ee la dhoofiyo, tanoo ka noqotay 20% waxa

la dhoofinayo. Waxayna liinta weli tahay tan ku jirta kaalinta saddexaad waxa wadanku

dibadda u dhoofiyo, iyadoo ay ka soo xerooto dhaqaale gaaraya 21 milyan oo dollar,

qiyaasta la sameyey sanadkii 2015, dhoofinta dhuxusa oo ahayd burbur deegaan, loona

dhoofinayey wadamada gacanka carabta ayaa hoos u dhacay saddex meelood oo laba

iyagoo celi celiska sanadkii intii u dhaxaysay 2011 ilaa 2014 heerkeedu gaarsiisnaa 31

milyan oo dollar. Hoos u dhacaan waxaa loo sababaynayaa markii dawladda federaalka

iyo kuwa maamul goboleedyadu ay meel mariyeen sharciga lagu xakamaynayo dhoofinta

dhuxusa oo geysatay xaaluf, sharcigaas oo la meel mariyey sanadki 2012. Waxaase jira

weli meelo ay si sharci daro ah uga socoto dhoofinteeda iyadoo marta habab aan toos

ahayn iyo qaabab loogu raro dhoof oo aan cadayn.

Sawirka 0.3: wadaagista qoysaska xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka dalagga Soomaaliya, 1986–88 to 2013–16

Isha xogta: Wadaagista qoysaska xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka dalagga Soomaaliya, 1986–88 to 2013–16

75%91% 83%

25%9% 17%

1986-88 2010-12 2013-16

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u ho

reey

a ee

dho

ofiya

wax

soo

saa

rka

beer

aha,

198

1–20

15 (m

alaa

yiin

dol

lar

ee

celc

elis

ka s

anad

eed)

Pro

du

ct D

escr

ipti

on

1981

-85

1986

-90

1991

-95

1996

-200

020

01-0

520

06-1

020

11-1

420

15

Live

an

imal

s ch

iefly

for f

oo

d 8

8.4

55.

7 6

6.6

72.

9 7

6.7

126

.3

377

.1

493

.9

An

imal

s, li

ve, z

oo

an

imal

s, d

og

s, c

ats

0.0

0

.0

4.2

6

.5

0.6

5

.2

42.

8 3

8.7

Oil

seed

s an

d o

leag

ino

us

fru

it 0

.0

0.7

0

.1

1.0

2

.1

6.2

4

0.0

34.

3

Co

rk a

nd

wo

od

0.1

0

.0

1.1

6

.9

16.

1 3

1.0

25.

0 0

.0

Hid

es, s

kin

s an

d fu

rski

ns,

raw

3.9

5

.3

2.4

2

.3

6.6

8

.7

8.6

3

.8

Cru

de

anim

al a

nd

veg

etab

le m

ater

ial

4.8

7

.1

3.8

3

.0

3.3

5

.2

6.0

2

0.7

Veg

etab

les

and

fru

it 1

4.7

29.

5 5

.0

7.2

0

.6

4.5

5

.9

4.9

Of w

hich

: Ban

anas

, fre

sh o

r drie

d 1

3.8

28.

1 4

.3

6.6

0

.0

0.0

0

.0

0.6

Oth

er c

itrus

frui

t, fr

esh

or d

ried

0.1

0

.1

0.1

0

.0

0.1

0

.6

4.5

4

.0

Oth

er v

eget

able

s &

frui

ts 0

.5

0.8

0

.6

0.5

0

.5

4.0

1

.3

0.3

Cer

eals

an

d c

erea

l pre

par

atio

ns

0.0

0

.0

0.0

1

.0

4.7

0

.2

4.8

0

.1

Mea

t an

d m

eat p

rep

arat

ion

s 0

.1

0.0

0

.1

1.7

7

.5

13.

2 4

.0

9.6

Fish

, cru

stac

eans

, mol

lucs

, pre

par

atio

n 2

.1

9.0

1

0.1

8.1

1

8.3

7.6

3

.6

27.

8

Dai

ry p

rod

uct

s (a

ll) 0

.0

0.0

0

.1

0.3

1

.2

0.4

0

.2

0.0

Fixe

d v

eget

able

oils

an

d fa

ts 0

.2

0.1

0

.0

1.3

1

.6

0.1

0

.0

0.1

Sug

ar, s

ug

ar p

rep

arat

ion

s an

d h

on

ey 0

.7

1.5

0

.2

0.1

1

.9

0.3

0

.0

0.0

An

imal

-veg

etab

le o

ils-f

ats,

pro

cess

ed 0

.0

-

0.0

0

.0

0.0

0

.0

0.0

0

.0

An

imal

oils

an

d fa

ts 0

.0

-

0.0

0

.0

0.1

0

.0

-

0.0

Tota

l (To

p 1

5 ag

ric

exp

ort

s)

115

.0

109

.0

93.

7 1

12.3

1

41.1

Tota

l Ag

ric

Exp

ort

s)

115

.0

109

.0

93.

7 1

12.3

1

41.1

2

08.9

5

18.1

6

34.0

Tota

l Exp

ort

s 1

19.6

1

14.3

1

02.5

1

19.9

1

69.5

2

82.5

5

59.1

6

88.5

Isha

xog

ta: X

ogta

wax

ay k

a tim

id U

N C

OM

TRAD

E oo

ah

la h

awl g

ale.


Tan iyo dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii , waxaa jiray koror ku aadan waxyaabaha beeraha ka yimaadda oo wadanku dibadda ka soo dhoofsado. Qiimaha waxaas la

soo dhoofsanayaana wuxuu kor ugu kacay 18%, isagoona gaaray sanadkii 2015 aduun

gaaraya 1.5 bilyan oo dolar, cel celiska sanadle oo ah 82 milyan oo dollar (eeg shaxda

0.2). raashinka dibadda laga keenaa wuxuu mar horeba ka batay kan gudah aka soo baxa

ka hor abaarta hata jirta intaysan dhicin. Waxaana kordhay baahida cunno ee gudaha

ee loo qabo noocyada raashinta ee kala ah firalayda, sonkorta iyo cunooyinka kale ee

la habeeyey iyo iyadoo ay duntay habkii sugnaanshaha wax soo saarka dalagyada oo ay

keeneen laba arrimood oo bur bur ku riday kuna sii kordhay.

waxaa kale oo isna aad u laba kacleeyey xogta laga hayo soo dejitna qaadka, iyadoo diyaarado laga keeno Ethipia iyo kenya. Qaadka oo leh saamayn xun oo dhinaca

caafimaadka, wax soo aarka shaqo ee qofka iyo dhibaato dhaqan dhaqaale. Si balaaran

lacagta lagu iibsado waxay uga timaadda xawaaladaha, inta laga war hayana qaadka soo

dejintiisu waxay aad u sii korortay bartamihii sanadihii 2010naadkii. Tan iyo 2011 qaadka

soo dejintiisu way sii kordhaysay, isagoo qariyey khudaarta iyo geed miroodkii kaleba

Daraasado la ururiyo iyo cadaymo xoogan waxay tilmaamayaan in Somaaliya ay noqonaysay tan ugu weyn ee si dadban u siisa lo’da iyo dhuxusha qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Geska Afrika iyo kuwo sonkorta ay soo dejisato ka sii dhoofsada, waxaa kale oo laga sii dhoofsadaa baastada iyo qalabka korantada ka shaqeeya iyo alaabooyinkale oo si balaaran looga soo dejiyo dekedaha Soomaaliya loona sii gudbiyo wadamada deriska ah. Hababkaan rasmiga ah iyo kuwa aan rasmiga ahayn ee ganacsiyadaan fiday waxay

wax ka tareen kororka is gaarsiinta iyo adeegyada lacagaha la xawilo, tanoo si wanaagsan

u caawisay dadka gudaha, isa gudubka xuduuda iyo is dhex galka suuqyada caalamiga ah

inkastoo ay koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya ay ku sugan yihiin xaalad amni xumo oo

aad u daran. Wadanku wuxuu noqoday mid iska furan iyo qaybo daran oo gobol ahaan

ku xiran waxa ka yimaadda Dubai oo ay u sii gudbiyaan Ethiopia iyo Somaaliya(Dubai waa

meesha ugu muhiimsan ee wax uga yimaadaan, una ah xudunta dhaqaale ganacsatada

Soomaalida).

Kaabayaasha dhaqalaaha oo liita iyo xirfad yarida oo dib u dhigtay horumarinta beeraha Soomaaliya marka la eego dhul daaqsimeedka bartamaha iyo waqooyigu wuxuu helay roobab aan badnayn iyo wax yar oo waraabin ah. Biyuhuna waa kuwa ugu badan ee ay

ka dhashaan isku dhacyada u dhexeeya xoolo raacatada iyo beeralay xoola dhaqatada.

Xitaa dhulka carro sanka ah ee koonfurta waa meel biyaha la helo lagu tiirsan yahay

roobka iyo webiyada, is gerbinta ka taagan dhulka iyo khayraadka biyaha ee u dhexeeya

reer guuraaga iyo beeralayda degan waxay tahay mid xaqiiqah oo salka ku haysta dagaalka

sokeeye ee 30ka sano ka socda.


Shax

da 0

.2: S

oom

aaliy

a w

axay

kaa

linta

sare

uga

jira

a so

o de

jinta

wax

ka

soo

baxa

bee

raha

, 198

1–20

15 (m

alaa

yiin

dol

lar c

eli c

elisk

a sa

nadk

ii)

Prod

uct D

escr

iptio

n19

81-8

519

86-9

019

91-9

519

96-2

000

2001

-05

2006

-10

2011

-14

2015

Vege

tabl

es a

nd fr

uit

2.6

2

.9

6.7

2

.0

3.4

9

4.2

386

.6

552

.1

Cere

als

and

cere

al p

repa

ratio

ns 6

3.0

40.

3 3

2.8

38.

1 5

1.7

132

.7

293

.7

313

.9

Suga

r,sug

ar p

repa

ratio

ns a

nd h

oney

4.5

3

.2

17.

9 3

7.6

55.

9 9

3.8

160

.6

187

.7

Live

ani

mal

s ch

iefly

for f

ood

0.0

0

.0

0.0

-

1

.2

9.4

9

3.1

147

.7

of w

hich

: Pou

ltry

0.0

0

.0

0.1

0

.0

1.8

0

.6

0.5

3

.4

Mis

cel.

edib

le p

rodu

cts

and

prep

arati

on 1

.3

6.3

1

.9

0.7

6

.2

15.

3 6

5.3

51.

6

Dai

ry p

rodu

cts

(all)

15.

9 5

.9

2.4

1

.7

4.7

1

6.2

62.

0 8

2.0

Toba

cco

and

toba

cco

man

ufac

ture

s 4

.5

4.0

7

.7

15.

8 3

3.9

38.

9 5

7.0

18.

1

Fixe

d ve

geta

ble

oils

and

fats

15.

9 9

.3

6.1

8

.6

13.

9 3

1.0

52.

9 7

6.8

Cork

and

woo

d 1

.6

2.8

0

.2

0.1

0

.3

1.0

8

.3

5.9

Fish

, cru

stac

eans

, mol

lucs

, pre

para

tion

0.2

0

.0

0.2

0

.1

0.6

2

.9

8.2

1

3.9

Crud

e an

imal

and

veg

etab

le m

ater

ial

0.2

0

.2

1.7

1

1.8

25.

4 7

5.6

8.1

2

.4

of w

hich

: Raw

vege

tabl

e m

atter

0.2

0

.2

1.7

1

1.8

25.

4 7

5.6

8.1

2

.4

Cork

and

woo

d m

anuf

actu

res

(exc

l. fu

1.4

1

.8

2.6

0

.3

0.2

4

.2

7.6

1

6.6

Pape

r, pa

perb

oard

, arti

c. o

f pap

er, p

ap 3

.8

3.6

0

.7

1.0

1

.0

2.1

6

.8

16.

9

Beve

rage

s 1

.0

0.7

2

.0

0.6

1

.0

4.4

4

.7

7.2

Coffe

e, te

a, c

ocoa

, spi

ces,

man

ufac

ture

2.2

1

.0

1.7

3

.5

2.6

4

.1

2.3

3

.4

Poul

try

prod

ucts

(egg

s) 0

.0

0.0

0

.0

0.0

0

.0

0.1

0

.6

0.5

Tot

al (T

op 1

5 ag

ric im

port

s)

118

.1

82.

0 8

4.7

122

.0

201

.9

525

.9

1,21

7.9

1,49

6.8

Tot

al Im

port

s 2

97.9

2

79.1

1

44.2

1

67.1

2

88.1

7

19.7

1,

674.

9 2,

358.

0

Isha

xogt

a: W

axay

ka ti

mid

UN

COM

TRAD

E oo

ah

la h

awl g

ale.


Dhamaan kaabayashii kabayey biyaha webiga, kuwa roobka iyo hababkii biyaha dhulka hoostiisa lagula soo baxayey waxay ahaayeen kuwo xaaladahoodu ka sii darayeen tan iyo intii dagaalka sokeeye bilowday gobollada baramaha iyo koonfurta, waxaana ay taasi keentay in la waayo dayactirkii iyo dib habayntii joogtada ahay, amaan daro wakhti dheer ah, hay’addahii maamul oo tamar daran iyo manqansho ururadii bulshada oo shaqaynaya. Waxaa mar horeba kuwo aan taaba gal ahayn noqday habkii

isku xirka wadooyinka waana kuwo xaaladahoodu aad u liitaan. Biyaha iyo kaabayaasha

wadooyinka waa kuwo weli shaqaynaya, waana ku sii kordhayaan dhinaca gobollada

waqooyiga, laakiin waakuwo aad uga fog inay daboolaan baahida taagan. Iyadoo aan

lagu samayn hab balaaran oo dib habayn iyo maalin gelin cusub oo biyaha, kaabayaasha

wadooyinka iyo maamul hagaagsan aan la soo samayn, joogtaynta in biyo loo helo xoolo

dhaqatada, kor u qaadista dalagga iyo bixinta adeegyada qoysasku rabaan waxay noqon

doonaan kuwo ka sii dara. Dhibaatooyinkaani waxay uga sii darayaan hadba sida tirade

dadku u sii korto iyo baahiyaha biyaha oo sii xoogaysta.

Xoolo raacatadu waxay si weyn ugu tiirsan yihiin biyaha roobka, iyagoona dhibicda roobka ku qabsada berkado, kuwoo qalaal xilliga jilaalka iyo iyagoo u bahan si joogto ah in loo hagaajiyo. Wakhti dheer, xilliyo badan oo qalayl ah, xoolo raacatadu waxay

ku dhowaadeen webiyadda Jubba iyo Shabeelle. Labada webina waxay wajahayaan

sanadahaan dhibaato weyn oo qulqulka xiliga ah. Marka ay bur buriyaan qararka webiga

ee jilicsanaa, waxay keentaa daadad ku butaaca tuulooyinka iyo meelaha ka sii baxsan ee

webiyada dhinacooda ah, waxaa kale oo ay noqdeen kuwo gebi ahaanba qalalay. Iyadoo

meelo badan oo xooluhu biyaha ka cabi jireen aan dayac tir lagu samayn, samata bixinta

xoolaha xilliga abaarta darani jirto waxay noqotay mid u bahan kharash dheeraad ah

oo aan la heli karin iyadoo gawaari gaar loo leeyahay biyaha lagu dhaansado. Goobihii

daaqsinka ee dadku wada lahaana waxaa si daran u saameeyey abaaraha dhowaanahan

jiray oo keenay in 90% meelihii webiyaa dhinacooda iyo gobollada dooxada jubba

xilligii dayrta ay heleen. Meelo gooban oo dhul daaqsinka ah ayaa helay xilligii gu’ga

ee bartamihii 2017, laakiin abaarta ayaa ka balaaranayd, saamaynteeda ay ku yeelatay

dhimashada xoolaha, caafimaadkooda iyo sidoo kale wax dhalistooda.

Sababo la mid ah kuwaan kor ku soo sheegnay, ayaa dalagyada Soomaaliya habkooda isku xirku waxaa haysta dhibaatoyin la xiriira ilaalinta daadadka iyo kaabayaasha waraabka, sidoo kale isku xirka wadooyinka ayaa ah kuwo aad xaaladoodu u liidato. Waxaa jira hay’addo deeq bixiyayaal ah oo shaqo lacag ku bedelasho hanaan ah ku dayac

tiray meelo ka mid ah keliyadii waraabka iyo wadooyinkii wax soo saarka la marinayey

oo saamayn yar keentay. Laakiin inta badan kaabayashii dhinacyadaani ma ahan kuwo

shaqaynaya. Tani waxay dhalisay in ay yaradaan beerihii waraabka kala bar oo tiradoodu

ahayd ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye qiyaastii 222,950 hektar (Waxaana dhulkii beeruhu u kala


bur buray dhul waraab leh iyo kuwo daadad gooyeen), iyadoo ay intaas u dheertahay

abaaraha hadda jira oo yareeyey tiradoodii. Si taas la mid ah, waxaa sii xumaaday

kaabayaashii biyaha roobka lagu qabsanayey iyo awoodii dadka ay u lahaayeen taasoo si

weyn u yaraysay biyihii roobka ee la qabsanayey. Gaaritaanka suuqyada magaalooyinka

ayaa iyana qiimo badan ugu kaca beeralayda, iyadoo ay intaas dheertahay in ay ku

adkaatay wax soo saarayaasha iyo ganacsatada dalagayada inay si sahal ah isu gaaraan.

Dallagu markuu soo go’o kadib waxaa jirta lumis balaaran oo ku timaadda wixii soo go’ay guud ahaan wadanka, cel celis ahaan waxa ka luma dalagyada firalayda ee raashinka ah ee koonfurta Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 50 kun ilaa 80 kun oo tan, taasoo qimaheedu gaarayo 15 – 20 milyan oo dollar. Tanoo u dhiganta 20 – 30 % wixii guud ee la

soo goostay. Siday sheegayaan gudiga farsama yaqaanada beeraha Soomaaliya ee loo soo

gaabiyo SATG, habkaan raashinku ku lumaa waxay ku dhacdaa hababka kaydinta oo ah

mid hab dhaqameed soo jireen ah oo dhulka hoostiisa ay godad uga qodaan beeralaydu,

habkaan oo 40% ah, waxaana dalaggu ku lumaa markay soo gooyaan ee ay ku xaraynayaan,

soo daabulidda iyo markay qalajinayaan (20% ayaana ku lunta). Habka soo jireen ee ku

kaydinta raashinka la soo goosta dhulka hoostiisa ee caradda korka laga saaro wuxuu

firalaydii ku keenaa in qoyaanka ku jira mira ah uu ku noqdo mid xumaynaya, khaas ahaan

xilli roobaadka, waxaa rashinkii noqonayaa mid qurun sun leh galo, kadibna bakteeriya

iyo jeermiska fangasku ku dhasho. Waxayna markaas keenayaan dhibaato caafimaad oo

ay ka mid yihiin koritaanka, horumarka qofka, beerka oo uu dhibaato ka gaarsiiyo iyo

cudurka kansarka oo runtii ah saamayn aad uga khatar badan dhibaatada dhaqaale ee

beeralaydii kaga dhacday dallaggii ay goosteen. Khasaaraha raashinka soo go’a ku dhaca

marka la soo gooyo kadib iyo dhibaatada caafimaad ee raashinkaas xumaaday geysanayo

waa laga hor tegi karaa, waxaana looga hor tegi karaa iyadoo dib u habayn wanaagsan

lagu sameeyo hababka bakaarta ee raashinka lagu kaydiyo iyo in qoysaska la baro hab

biro ay ugu kaydsanayaan raashinka, kaasoo dhowanahaan ay hay’adda SATG baraysay

dadka, wuxuuna qaadi karaa 120 ilaa 250kg garaam oo firalayda ah (ee sawirka 0.4).

Dhinaca wanaagsan haddaan eengo, isticmaalka telefonada gacanta oo dhul badan gaara wuxuu fududeeyey in bulshooyinka dhulka fog ku nooli ay si toos ah ula xiriiri karaan suuqyada magaalooyinka ugu dhow ayna ka helaan qiimaha waxay doonayaan inay iibiyaan iyo waxay soo gadanayaan. Sidoo kale wuxuu fududeeyey in qurba

joogta ay uga helaan lacago, inay ku iibsadaan dhamaan noocyada alaabooyinka iyo

inay warbixinaha ugu danbeeya ee gudaha iyo dibadda ka dhacaya helaan, sidoo kale

horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo adeegyada la heli karo ee gudaha ka jira.


20kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, in badan oo ka mid ah bulshada iyo isjuulo farsamo oo si gaar ah loo dhisay iyo jaamacaddo ayaa la aasaasay. Qaar ka mid ahi waxay bixiyaan heerarka

koowaad ee jaamacadda ee digriiga ah oo ah cilmiga xoolaha, dalagyada iyo sayniska

kalluumaysiga. Sidaa darted, dadaladaasi ma ahan kuwo ku filan inay yareeyaan dhibaatada

ka taagan yaraanta dad xirfad layaal ah oo horumarinta beeraha ku shaqo leh.

Amaan daradda iyo hay’addaha maamul oo liito oo hoos u dhigay soo kabashada Dagaalka sokeeye ee mudada dheer socday wuxuu keenay dhibaato baaxad leh oo dhinaca amaanka ah oo ka jirta bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Kooxo hubaysan

oo aqoon badan aan u lahayn beeraha ayaa qabsaday dhul beereedkii muhiimka ahaa ee

gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose. Siyaasadayn iyo canshuuro dheeraad ah oo ay ka qaadaan

jiinka webiga iyo meelaha ku xeeran ururka Alshabaab ayaa iyana ragaadiyey, ururkaan

oo ah mid argagixiso ah oo wax iska cabin ah. Sii socoshada amaan darada ayaa keentay

in gaaritaankii beeraha iyo suuqyada inay noqdaan kuwo khatar badan leh, qiimo badan

ku kaca, oo aan la iska bixin karin. Sidoo kale waxay dhibaato ku noqotay in hay’adaha

gargaarku ay wax ka qabtaan dhibaatooyinkaan.

waxaa jira marnaansho badan oo dhinaca hawlaha siyaasadda, kormeerka iyo adeegyada caadi ahaan ay bixin lahayd dawladda. Wasaaradaha dawladda federaalka

iyo heer maamul goboleed ee adeegyo ay ku siin karaan beeralayda bartamaha iyo

koonfurta Soomaaliya waa kuwo xadidan, kala daadsan, aanna lahayn wax tar, maxaa

yeelay shaqaalah xirfadda leh ee shaqooyinkara, dhaqaalaha iyo gaaritaanka dhulka

Sawirka 0.4: Bakaarta iyo biraha kale ee hogaga la geliyo ee lagu kaydiyo firalayda


miyiga ah waa kuwo aad u yar. Murannada ku salaysan daaqsinka ee u dhexeeya

qabaa’ilka waxay noqdeen kuwo xarkaha goostay tan iyo ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye.

Waxaana wayahan danbe sii fidaya kala xirashada dhulalkii dhaqan ahaan iska furnaa ee

daaqsinka, khaas ahaan meelihii xooluhu isaga kala gudbayeen markay daaqa donanayaan

iyo gaadiidka degaamaynta iyo magaalooyinka waxay sii kordhiyeen xasaradaha. Xitaa

meelaha amaanka wanaagsani ka jiro ee gobollada waqooyiga Soomaaliya, marna jiro

hay’ad dawladeed oo awood u leh inay murandaan xaliso.

Dhamaystirka diwaan gelinta beeraha ka samata baxay dagaaladii sokeeye, oo aan uga mahad celinayno wasiirkii hore, kaasoo samata bixiyey wixii la boobay markii dawladii Siyaad Barre bur burtay. Qiimaha, wuxuu siiyey beeralayda koobiyo ka mid

ah macluumaadka dhulkooda, kaasoo ay u isticmaali karaan lahaashanaha haddii ay ku

yimaadaan wax muran ah. Wakhtigii waa la gaaray, sidaa darted Dawladda Federaalka

Soomaaliya waxay dib u xaqiijinaysaa muhiimadda diwaan gelinta iyo in hab wanaagsan

loo maamul codsiyada cusub ee lahaanshaha dhulka.

xitaa haddii ay haystaan warqadaha cadaynta iyo sharciyada, dadka dhulalka leh ee ka tegey beerahdoodii gobolka Shabeellaha hoose xilligii dagaalka sokeeye weli ma awoodaan inay dib u sheegtaan dhulkoodii, sababo dhinaca amaan xumida, habka xeerbeegtida dhaqan oo daciif ah iyo maqnaanshaha hanaankii garsoor ee wadanka. Taas bedelkeed, dhinaca gobollada waqooyi aad ayey u kooban tahay dhulalka beeraha

ah ee lagu murmaa, waayo dadka dhulalka beeraha leh ee Puntland iyo Somaliland wax

carqaladeeya lamay kulmin, iyadoona wasaaradaha beeraha ee maamuladaani ay si

hagaagsan u bixiyaan cadaymaha lahaansha ee dhulalka (inta badanna waa kuwo cusub,

waana beero yar yar)

Marnaanshaha dhinaca aqoonta ee abuurmay wakhtigii dagaaladda sokeeye qayb ahaan waxaa buuxiyey hay’addo gaar ah iyo barnaamijyo ay fuliyaan hay’addo calamiya oo dhinaca horumarinta ah, sida mashruuca maamulka dhulka iyo biyaha ee SALiM, hay’adda la socoshada nafaqada iyo haqab beelka cuntada FSNAU, hay’adda ka digista macaluusha ee FEwSNET, kuwaasoo la socda helitaanka biyaha iyo dhulka, haqab beelka cuntada iyo qiimaha. Iyagoo taageero ka helaya deeeq bixiyaal, dadka

gudaha iyo hay’addaha caalamiga ah ee aan dawliga ahayn, waxaa jira iyana ururo

xirfadlayaal ah iyo qaybaha gaarka loo leeyahay oo bixiya qaar ka mid ah adeegyada ay

ka midka yihiin talaalka xolaha, qodista ceelasha iyo nidaayada biyo kaydinta, tababarada

dadka beeraha, xoolahaiyo kalluumaysiga, bixinta abuurka, barwaaqeeyaha iyo qalabka

beeraaha, dibu dayac tirka xarumaha ilaalinta daadadka iyo kaabayaasha waraabka,

dhismaha suuqyada beeraha iyo dayac tirka goobaha dhulka ku yaal ee kalluumaysiga.


Isu soo dhoweynta ragga iyo haweenka waxay faa’iido u yeelan kartaa kobaca faa’iidada beeraha iyo haqab beelka cuntada.Ragga iyo haweenka bulshooyinka xoolo raacatada iyo beeralay xoolo dhaqatada waxay yihiin kuwo kala qeexan, marka la ego hawlahooda xoolaha iyo wax soo saarka. Marka la eego siday sheegtay hay’adda cuntada iyo beeraha qaramadda midoobay ee

FAO haweenku 45% ayey masuul ka yihiin maamulka xoolaha, dalagyada iyo goosashada

khayraadka dabiiciga ah. Qayb hoosaadka xoolaha, ragga iyo wiilasha ayaa masuul ka ah

maamulka iyo inta badan hawlaha la xiriira geella, oo ay ka mid tahay iibinta, helitaanka,

daaq geynta, lisidda, gawracidda iyo iibintooda. Sidoo kale waxay si buuxda gacanta ugu

hayaan ganacsiga dhoofka xoolaha. Haweenka iyo carruurta waxaa loo dhiibaa dhaqista

riyaha iyo idaha. Ku lug lahaanshahooda ganacsiga xoolaha iyo suuq geynta wuxuu ahaa

mid kordhaya laakiin caadi ahaan waa mid gudaha ah ku xadidan, oo ah heer ku tiirsanaan.

Haweenka waxay sidoo kale masuul ka yihiin habaynta iyo suuq geynta nacfiga xoolaha

ka soo baxa oo ay ka mid yihiin caanaha iyo burcadka (waxay masuul ka yihiin 80% wax

soo saarka caanaha iyo 100% caano ururinta).

Ragga iyo haweenka Somaaliya waxay sidoo kale wadaagaan masuuliyadaha la xiriira dalagga, khaas ahaan isku tiirsanaanta beeraha, waxay haweenku ka yihiin xoogga ka shaqeeya beeraha 60%. Wax soo saarka haweenka waxaa caqabad ku

noqday lahaanshaha dhulka oo ku yar iyo iyagoo aad ugu liitaan adeegyada fidinta

marka loo eego ragga, tanoo saamayn xun ku yeelatay helitaanka haqabeelka cuntada,

saboolnimada miyiga iyo dhamaan kororka dhaqaalaha. Ka hor dagaaladii, keliya 28%

ayaa haweenka ku nool dooxadda juba ay ahaayeen ku leh xoolaha, keliya 14% waxay

lahaayeen beeraha; berahay lahaayeenna waxay ahaayeen kuwo wax soo saar leh, bed

qaba, waxayna ahaayeen kuwa ku yaal dhulka qalalan ee biyaha roobka ku tiirsan. Amaan

daradda dhulka ayaa ka dhigtay haweenka mid dhibaato ku habkii ay u wajihi lahaayeen

nidaamka sharci iyo habka dhaqan dhaqaale kaasoo meesha ka saaraya awoodda

haweenka iyo ka qayb ahaanshaha bulshada Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda. Fidinta beeaha

gebi ahaanba ma gaarto haweenka si wax tar leh.

haweenka iyo ragga waxay si wayn ugu kala duwanyihiin doorarka isku xiran ee kalluumaysiga. inta badan ragga ayaa kalluumaysta inkastoo ay jiraan cadaymo muujinaya in haweenka ay ku lug leeyihiin kalluumaysiga si heer hoose oo xadidan ah. Haweenka waxay kalluumaysiga kaga qayb qaataan habayntiisa, ka ganacsiga iyo taageero

ay siiyaan hawlaha. Xog baaris dheeraad ah ayaa looga bahan yahay in laga sameeyo

sida ragga iyo haweenka ay qayb hoosaadkaan u kala metelaan iyo cadaynta fursadaha

muhiimka ah ee lagu balaarinayo doorarka ay kala leeyihiin ragga iyo haweenku.


hweenka Soomaaliyeed waxay wajahayaan dhibaatooyin kala duwan oo ku balariyaan gaaritaankooda dhaqaale. Waxa aka mid ah iyagoo aan wax galaan gal ah u lahayn

khayraadka dhaqaalaha, aad sabool u ah wakhtigaan, iyagoo ku xiriira gudaha qoysaska

iyo wax dhalista; iyagoo aan wax xog ah ka haysan fursadaha ka jira suuqyada; iyo

maqnaanshaha hab rasmiya oo siku xiran oo lagu siiyo haggis ganacsi. In la isu dhoweeyo

farqiga ragga iyo haweenka ee ka jira wax soo saarka beeraha waxay kor u qaadi kartaa

maxsuulka kororka faa’iidada, yaraynta saboolnimada iyo haqab beelka cuntada. Haddii

horumar dheeraad ah iyo isku aadin la sameeyo, dhinaca caanaha khaas ahaan siinta

fursado lagu balaarinayo dhaqaalaha haweenka. Dib u soo noolaynta ganacsigii muuska

waxay abuuri kartaa shaqooyin badan oo haweenka ay ku lug leeyihiin, siduu ahaan jiray

ka hor dagaaladii.

Dhibaatada deegaanka iyo isbedelka cimilada oo keenay caqabado cusub kororka waxyaabaha aan la saadaalin karin iyo ciriiriga ka jira qul qulka webiyada ee ay keentay cimilada qalalan iyo isticmaalkooda biyaha webiga ee dhulka sare ee Ethipia oo sii kordhaya ayaa khatar ku noqday soo kabashada iyo bixitaanka dalagyada ku baxa waraabka. Xaaluf daran iyo nabaad guurka ciidda ee ka imanaya hawlaha aan

wanaagsanayn ee dadku deegaanka u geysanayaan, daaqiska xad dhaafka ah ee dhul

daaqsimeedka lagu hayo iyo isbedelka cimilada ayaa khatar ku ah kororka baraara iyo

hab dhaqan dhaqaleedka soo jireenka ah ee xoolo raacatada Soomaaliada iyo beera

qodatada dalagyada ku baxa roobka (iyadoo arrimahaan ay si toos ah ugu xiran yihiin

nolosha in badan oo ka mid ah reer guuraaga).

Tan iyo 1990, Soomaaliya waxay lumisay cel celis ahaan 1% kaymaheedii. Kaymuhuna

waxay dhulka wadanka ka dabooleen qiyaasta 10% 2014 qiyaasta la sameeyey,

iyagoona hoos uga so dhacay 62% oo ay ahaayeen ka hor 1980. Mar horeba dhamaadkii

1980maadkii, waxaa meesha ka baxay kaymihii ku yaalay meelaha webigu ku butaaco

iyagoo laga dhigay dhul beereed waraab ah. Habka xirashada dhul daaqsimeedka iyo

deegaamaynta qoysaska ay guryaha uga dhisnayaan dhulalkii ayaa dhibaato ku sii noqday

kaymaha iyo dhacdooyin kale oo weli xawli ku socda.

waxa ugu weyn ee 30 sano ee la soo dhaafay horumarka laga sameeyey dhianca qaybaha balaaran ee xaalufinta deegaan daaqsimeedka waxay ahayd mid balaaran iyo iyadoo si joogto ah loo jarayo geedka quraca oo dhuxul loo jaranayo, inta badanna loo dhoofiyo wadamada khaliijka. Dhuxusa sanadka la soo saaro qiyaasta waxay gaartay 1.2

milyan oo ton intii u dhaxaysay bilowgii 1990maadki iyo 2013; horaantii 2010naadkii,

80% waa la dhoofiyey. Dhoofkaasna wuxuu gaaray aduun gaaraya 56 milyan oo dollar

sanadkii 2011, isagoo ahaa mid aan jirin bartamihii 1990maadkii. Tobankii sano ee la


soo dhaafay, ganacsigaani wuxuu noqday mida ay si xoog leh u maamulaan dhaqaale

canshuur ah oo badanna ka helaan ururka Alshabaab. Tan iyo 2012, markii la meel mariyey

sharci mamnuucaya dhoofka dhuxusha, ayna dhaqan geliyeen maamul goboleedyada,

dawladda federaalka iyo wadamadii khaliijka ee soo dhoofsan jiray, kor u qaadis lagu

sameeyey isticmaalka shooladaha gaasta ku shaqeeya iyo wacyi gelin wanaagsan oo

dhinaca ilaalinta deegaanka ah oo dadka la siiyey ayaa wax wanaagsan ka tartay yaraynta

jarista dhirta iyo dhuxulaysiga.

Dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii, Soomaaliya waay ahayd wadanka aduunka ugu balaaran ee soo saara, dhoofiyana xabagta maydiga iyo beeyada. Cel celis ahaan dakhliga

sanadkii ka soo gala xabagta waxaa lagu qiyaasay 7.1 milyan oo dollar, dhoofkeeduna

wuxuu ka ahaa waxay Soomaaliya dhoofiso kaalinta afraad. Sanadkii 2014, qiimaha

dhoofkeedu wuxuu dhaafay mid ka badan qiimihii laga heli jiray 1980maadkii, wuxuuna

gaaray 7.3 milyan oo dollar (Eeg sawirka 0.5). is bed bedelkeedu wuxuu aha amid

balaara, sidaa darted waxaa jiray dhib lagu hayo geedka iyo hab liita oo goosashadiisa

ay kaasoo ka imanaya jiilasha da’yarta ah oo iyagu geedaha maydiga ku helay dhaxal oo

aan u lahayn aqoon fiican habka geedka loo ilaaliyo iyo sida faya qabka geedku u bahan

yahay wakhtiga dheer marka xabagta lagu garayo. Iyadoo ay wanaagsanaanayaan ilalinta

deegaanka, isku dubaridka iyo maamulka qayb hoosaadka xabagta iyo beeyada, taasoo

leh muhiimad balaaran oo dhaqaale lagu helayo iyo dakhli ka soo xerooda dhoofkeeda.

Khayraad dabiiciga ah ee aan isticmalkiisu ahayn joogtada, khaas ahaan kaymaha iyo dhul daaqsimeedka, ayaa wadanka ka dhigay mid si wayn ugu dayacan dhibaatooyinka ka dhasha isbedelka cimilada. Is bedbedelka cimilada iyo heerkulka oogada badda,

Sawirka 0.5: Dhoofinta xabagta iyo mayida Soomaaliya, 2005–16

Isha xogta: Tirada qiimaha jantuskaan ku qoran waxay ka dimid; tirada dollarka ah COMTRADE.

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Exports (MT) Exports (US$ Million)


roobabka, huurka, daruuraha daboola, culaysyada deegaan iyo xawaaraha dabaysa

ayaa sii kordhay, noqdayna kuwo aan la saadaalin karin, waxayna khatar daran ku

hayaan Geeska Afrika. Kororka hawada iyo heer kulka oogada badda ayaa mar horeba

la arkay saamayntooda. Sideed abaarood oo waaweyn ayaa 40kii sano ee la soo dhaafay

saameeyey wax soo saarka dalagyada iyo xoolaa (sawirka 0.6). samaaynta ay keeneen

xilli roobaadyo door ah oo is xig xiga kana soo bilowda 2015 ayaa keenay dhibaato daran

oo dhinaca bani’aadanimada ah bilowgii 2017, kuwaasoo weli khatartoodu ay ka jirto

qaybo badan oo wadanka ah sanadkaan 2018.

Taariikh xooggan, oo ay ka mid tahay wax ka horeeya iyo cadaymo saynis ayaa sheegaya in cimilada gobolku ay sii noqonayso mid qalalan, inkastoo sadaalaha laga bixiyo cimilada ay tilmaanto roobab badan. Inuu gobolka Geeska Afrika noqdo mid qalalan

ama rooban, waxaa la isku raacay inay noqonayso mid sii kulul, qalala, aadna u adag.

Duruufaha isbedelada noocaan ah ka dhashayna waa kuwo daran, khaas ahaan Soomaalida xoolo dhaqatada iyo dalag qodatada ah. Heerkulka hawada ee sareeya

wuxuu kordhin doonaa uumi baxa ciidda, dhirta qoyan iyo oogada biyaha. Roobabka

xooggan ee marka wada da’a’ana waxay mar horeba xaaqeen oogadii ciidda iyo iyagoo

keenay nabaad guur, biyaha dhulka hoostiisa oo adkaada iyo helitaanka biyaha oogada

dhulka oo yaraada taasoo saamayn ku yeelanaysa bixitaanka dhirta. Waxyaalaha kale

ee suurta galka ah ee ay keeni karto axaa ka mid ah inay yarayso bixiaanka cawska iyo

helitaanka biyaha tanoo dhibaato ba’an ku ah xoola raacatada iyo waxyaalaha la xiriira

noloshooda. Kor u kaca heerkulka badda iyo uumi baxeeda waxay sidoo kale yaraynaysa

helitaanka kaluunka iyo sidii lagu soo saarayey.

Sawirka 0.6: khataraha dhacay ee saameeyey beeraha Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysay, 1980–2017

Xigasho: FAOSTAT until 1997, FSNAU from 1998.

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01980 1982

La Ninasevere flooding

1988 El Nino;widespread famine,

displacement1991/92

El Nino;severe drought,

1982-83

1984

Outbreakof Civil War1989-1991

Barregovernmentoverthrown

1991

Drought1994/95

El Nino2002/03

El Nino2006/07

El Ninoextensive flooding

1997/98

Cereal production index (2004=100)

Renewed conflictin the South

2005-07

El Nino2009-11;

severe drought

Severe drought2015-17

1986 1988 19980 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Khatarta la wajayo wakhtiga dheer wa mid mar horeba la arkay ee dhinaca kobcinta dhaqaalaha beeraha Soomaaliya, isbedelka cimilada wuxuu keenay wax balaaran iyo saamayntiisa waxay caqabad balaaran ku tahay hay’adda tamarta daran ee Soomaaliya iyo awood la’aan. Maqnaanshaha maal gelin wax ku ool ah oo lagu

sameeyo nidaamka beeraha kaasoo ah u adkaysiga cimilada, waxaa jiri doona gaabis

ku yimaadd asoo gabashada dhaqaalaha iyo kobociisa. Xafiiska xarunta dhexe ee

sayniska cimilada ee Boqortooyada Ingiriisska iyo saadaasha waxay saadaaliyeen in u

dayacnaanta haqab beelka cuntada ee Soomaaliya uu kor u sii kaci doono 27% sanadka

2050 iyo 38% sanadka 2080.

Wax soo saar xoogan iyo wax qabadka ganacsiga ee xoolaha nool waxay ka duwan tahay wax qabadka xoolaha ee wax soo saarka nacfiga xoolahaXooluhu weli dhaqan ahaan waa kuwa hantida qoysaska Somaalida u ah laf dhabarka, cadad badan oo la dhoofiyo ayaa ka dhigay isu geynta guud ee waxa wadanku dhoofiyo 75 ilaa 78%, waxayna yihiin il dhaqaale oo muhiim u ah nolosha qoyska qaybo balaaran oo dadka wadanka ka mid ah, hababkooda ugu waaweyn ee wax soo saar waa nidaamka xoolo raacatada ku nool miyiga iyo beeralay xoolo dhaqato. Cadadka ugu badan ee

hawlaha xoolaha laga qabto waxna laga soo saaro inta badan geela weeye, sidaa darted

waxaa ku sii kordhaysa magaalooyinka hanaanka xoolo dhaqashada aan guur guurin ee

degan, iyadoo biyaha iyo daqaba loo keeno xoolaha, laguna quudiyo calafka xoolaha.

Xoolahaan oo u dhow suuqyada magaalooyinka waxa la geeyaa suuqyada caano dhay ah,

iyagoo aan canahaas la marin wax adeeyo habayn ah oo kale.

Baahidooda dalab waa mid saraysa, waxaana sii kordhaysa tayo wanaagsan oo calafka xoolaha ah oo ganacsi ahaan loo keeno, suuqyada iyo dekedaha. Sidaa darted,

nidaamka wax soo saarka caws cusub oo lagu quudiyo xoolaha ayaa ah habka ugu weyn

ee xoolaha nacfigooda lagu helo, iyadoo dhul daqsimeedka iyo cawska laga daajiyo,

kaasoo nafaqadiisu ay yartahay. Wax soo saarka cawska nacfiga fiican leh ee cagaaran

waa mid aad u kooban, sidoo kale habka farsamo ee kaydinta ayaa aad u ya kaasoo

cawsku markiiba lumiyo nafaqada uu xoolaha u leeyahay ee ku jirta. Baahida loo qabo

wakhtiyadan, dalagyo kala duwan oo soo baxay, oo ay ka mid yihiin geleyda, mesegada

iyo raashinka gargaarka laga keeno oo la iibsado ayaa xoolaha sidoo kale lagu quudiyaa.

Sidaa darted la qabsiga cimilada dhibta badan iyo xaaladaha deegaan, xoolaha Soomaaliya waa kuwo yeeshay miisaan hooseeya iyo wax soo saarka caanaha oo liita, inta ugu badan ee xoolaha waxaa loo doortaa qaliin ama in iyagoo nool la dhoofiyo halkii laga sii dhaqi lahaa. Maqnaanshaha barnaamijyadii caafimadka xoolaha iyo

hay’addihii maamul, waxaa boosaskoodii bedelay qaybo gaar loo leeyahay iyo ururo


takhaatiir xoolaad oo ay maal geliyeen la hawl galayaan dhinaca horumarinta ka shaqeeya

oo bixiya adeegyo muhiim ah oo ay ka mid yihiin xarumo daaweyn, cadaymo caafimaad,

talaallo kala duwan iyo tababaro. Dadaaladaan waxay siiyeen xoogaa kalsooni ay ku

qabaan xoolaha Soomaalida wadamada soo dhoofsada, waxayna arrimahaasi keeneen

hoos u dhac balaaran oo suuq geynta iyo qiimaha ah, laakiin weli kuma filna hawlahaasi

in la xaliyo dhibaatooyinka khatarta daran ah eek ala duwan kuwaasoo ah cudurada

xoolaha iyo duruufaha ka dhashay ee keenaya in la xanibo dhoofkooda. Xanibaadii

dhoofka xoolaha ee ugu danbeeyey waxaa soo rogay Sucuudi Caraybiya dhamaadkii

2016, hakintaasina waxay ahayd mid ku meel gaar ah, intii u dhaxaysay July 2017 oo ahay

keliya bil ka hor markii xilliga xoolo dhoofinta xajka ay bilaaban lahayd iyo Sebteembar

2017, iyadoo ilaa hadda oo ah bilowga 2018 weli ay tahay mid taagan.

Qaybta xooluhu waxay noqotay mid muujisay adkaysi layaab leh oo ay u adkaysanayaan dhacdooyinkii jiray nuskii hore ee sanadihii 2010naadkii. Kadib Hoos u dhac balaaran

oo soo bilowday bilowgii markii dagaalka sokeeye bilowday, suuq geynta xooluhu waxay

gaartay qiyaastii 52.9 milyan oo dollar sanadkii 2014 (eeg shaxda 0.3), iib geynta sida

hagaagsan loo nidaamiyey waxay ahayd qiyaas ahaan 40 milyan oo dollar inta la diwaan

geliyey dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay geella ugu badan

dunida oo tiradiisa lagu qiyaasay 7.1 milyan oo neef. Maal gelin ay sameeyeen qurbo joog

iyo shirkado sucuudigu maamul oo ah horumarinta tayada iyo sidoo kale barnaamijyo ay

deeq bixiyayaashu maal geliyaan ayaa taageeray kororka balaaran ee dhoofka xoolaha,

oo ay ka mid yihiin dhaqistoodu. Qiimahoodana waxaa lagu qiyaasay 533 milyan oo dollar

sanadkii 2015 tanoo aad uga badan ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye (eeg sawirka 0.7). habaynta

nacfiga xoolaha ka soo baxa waa mid yar, waana mid ka hooseeya heerarkii hore.

Sawirka 0.7: Dhoofka xoolaha Soomaaliya, nooca xoolo, intii u dhaxaysay, 1961–2016

Isha xogta: Xogta 1961–88 waxay ka timid FAOSTAT iyo xogta rasmiga ah ee dawladda. Xogta 2002–16 waxay ka timid FSNAU. Xogta sanadahaan danbe la soo saaray ee ka soo baxday xogkaydinta FAOSTAT , laakiin ma ahan jaantus rasmiya, l soo bandhigs iyo qiyaas, iyadoo aan la ogayn isha xogta iyo aasaaskeeda. Tirade dhoofka lo’da waa maqan yahay intii u dhaxaysay 1992 iyo 1994, idaha iyo riyaha ayaa iyana ari la isku dhahaa.

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87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

Mill

ion

s o

f h

ea

d

Shoats Cattle Camel


iibka lo’da Somaaliya wuxuu haystaa suuqyo badan oo geeska afrika ah, khaas dhahaan waxaa loo kaxeya dhinaca koonfureed ee xuduudka kenya iyo Ethiopia. Iib aan badnayn,

ayaa la geeyaa Ethiopia, waxa waqooyiga aada waxaa la geeyaa wadamada gacanka

carabta. Iibkaan oo aad u badan xilliga xajka. Sanadkii 2015, diwaanka dhoofka xoolaha

wuxu yahay 5.3 milyan oo neef, (4.9 milyan waa adhi, 295 kun waa lo’ iyo 72 kun oo

geel ah), 6.3 ayeyna ka koraysa sanadihii ka horeeyey tiradaani. Tani waxay ka koraysaa

cel celiska dhaqaalah dhoofka xoolaha ka soo baxayey ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye kaasoo

kor uga soo kacay 56 milyan oo dollar dhamaadkii 1980maadkii gaarayna 378 milyan oo

Shaxda 0.3: tirada xoolaha Soomaaliya, gobol ahaan, 2014

Region Goats Sheep Camel Cattle Total

Juba River valley 3,036,320 1,636,204 1,258,271 1,477,458 7,408,254

Juba Hoose (Lower) 732,224 492,673 322,042 620,654 2,167,593

Juba Dhexe (Middle) 478,247 393,329 165,335 520,175 1,557,086

Gedo 1,825,849 750,202 770,894 336,629 3,683,575

Inter-riverine regions 2,630,485 525,837 979,467 1,170,565 5,306,354

Bay 1,171,477 117,007 361,562 800,964 2,451,010

Bakool 1,459,008 408,830 617,905 369,601 2,855,344

Shabelle River valley 4,076,419 1,666,869 1,081,843 1,068,031 7,893,163

Shabelle Hoose (Lower) 981,022 464,193 286,770 535,447 2,267,433

Shabelle Dhexe (Middle) 1,099,778 521,759 156,138 185,540 1,963,214

Hiraan 1,995,619 680,917 638,935 347,044 3,662,516

Northeastern region 7,544,817 3,695,449 1,363,688 47,048 12,651,001

Galguduud 2,031,000 850,953 461,495 33,978 3,377,426

Mudug 2,057,841 881,057 437,672 13,070 3,389,640

Nugaal 1,959,593 1,217,801 377,872 0 3,555,266

Bari 1,496,383 745,638 86,649 0 2,328,669

Northcentral region 4,384,489 3,312,691 470,202 0 8,167,383

Sool 1,541,657 1,267,790 236,260 0 3,045,707

Sanaag 2,842,832 2,044,901 233,942 0 5,121,676

Northwestern region 7,030,849 2,810,858 1,458,364 167,281 11,467,352

Togdheer 1,952,918 582,689 496,815 5,018 3,037,441

Woqooyi Galbeed 2,745,465 1,139,224 564,659 96,567 4,545,914

Awdal 2,332,466 1,088,945 396,890 65,696 3,883,997

All regions 28,703,379 13,647,910 6,611,835 3,930,383 52,893,507

Shaxda 0.3 tirada xoolaha Soomaaliya, gobol ahaan


dollar intii u dhaxaysay 2011 ilaa 2014, isagoona kor ugu sii kacay 2015 aduun gaaraya

494 milyan oo dollar. Qiimaha dheeraadka ah ee dhoofka xoolaha nool ayaa jira oo ah

dhaqshada oo iyana ka hor dagaalka sokeeya aan la dhoofin jiray haddase gaaray 81

milyan sanadkii 2014, inkastoo ay hoos ugu soo dhaceen 2015 lacag dhan 39 milyan

oo dollar.

Bartamihii sanadihii 2010naadka, waxaa bilaamay in abaarta ay yarayso tiradii xoolaha dhoofayey, iyadoo sanadkii 2016 hoos u dhacu ahaa 12%, tirade xoolaha iyo waxa ka soo baxa ee nacfiga gaar ahaan caanaha. Tirade xoolaha la dhoofinayo ayaa lagu qiyaasay

inay hoos u soo dhacday sanadkii 2017, tanoo loo sababaynayo saamaynta abaarta iyo

xayiraadda Sucuudigu saaray xoolihi Soomaalida. Waxaa lagu qiyasay in ay abaarta dishay

6.4 milyan oo neef, lagu qiyaasay aduun gaaraya 350 milyan oo dollar, waxayna yaraysa

xoolihii sayladda imaan lahaa 52.9 milyan sanadkii 2014 oo ay ka dhigtay 46.5 milyan oo

dollar bartamihii 2017.

xitaa ka hor dagaalkii sikeeye, saraakiisha dhianca xoolaha iyo khubarada ku takhasusstay waxay walaac ka qabeen sidii lagu joogtayn lahaa kororka tirada xoolaha oo khatar ku jiray iyo daaqa oo ku liitay. Intaas kadib dhul daaqsimeedku wuxuu noqday

mid ay la soo derseen dhibaatooyin uga imanaya deegaanka; maqnaanshaha ama jiritaan

la’aanta hanaan dawladdeed oo fududaysa ilaha biyaha iyo dhul daaqsimeedka oo ay

u raacdo saamaynta heer kulka, roobabka oo yaraaday iyo abaaro daran oo la xiriira

isbedelka cimilada. Inta badan khubaradu waxay rumaysan yihiin tirade xoolaha abaarta

ka hor ayaaba tayadoodu liidatay markay noqoto daaqsinka. Ka soo kabashada abarta iyo

in la sii kordhiyo qaybtaan xoolaha taasoo ah in dib usoo iibin la sameeyo ma gaaayso

tiradii abaarta ka hor joogtay (intaan ka hayn qoysaska saboolka ah ee beeralay xoolo

dhaqatada oo iyagu aan haysan awalba xoolo badan). Intii xoogga laga saari lahaa taas

waxaa roon in la horumariyo caafimaadka iyo tayada xoolaha hadda la haysto iyo sidii loo

kordhin lahaa wax soo saarkooda nacfi (si loo dhoofiyo gudahana loogu isticmaalo) iyo

in lagu daro qiimo dheeraad ah sida habayn lagu sameeyo nacfiga xoolaha ka soo baxa.

wax soo saarka caanaha ayaa kor u kacayey tan iyo dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii. Wuxuuna gaaray 1.1 milyan oo tan sanadkii 2013, iyadoo ay ka soo baxaysay aduun

lacageed oo gaaraya qiyaasta 2.7 bilyan oo dollar, 1.65 bilyan oo ka mid ah lacagtaan

waxay ka timaadda caanaha geela (eeg sawirka 0.8). qiimayn lagu sameeyo saamaynta

abaarta keenay waxay u bahan tahay qiimayn laga sameeyo Somaaliya 2018 laakiin

aasaaska wax soo saarka caanaha ee 2014 ilaa 2015 wuxuu ahaa 3.3 bilyan oo dolar , 2.7

bilyan dollar waxay ka imanayeen caanaha geella. Inkastoo xogta wax soo saarkaan ay

jirto haddana Somaaliya waxay soo dejisataa nacfiga xoolaha ka yimadda oo wadama kale

ay ka soo gadato, halka aysan iyadu waxba dhoofin. Qaab dhismeedka qaybtaan nacfiga


xoolaha inuu noqdo mid gaara meel wax tar leh waxaa jilbaha haya dhaqaalo xumada iyo

caafimaadka nolosha xoolaha, sidoo kale waxaa yar ama aan jirin hanaanka rasmiga ah

ee heerka faya dhowrka, habaynta caanaha, hab suuq geyn oo liidata iyo dariiqyada la

sii marsiinayo, waxaa liidata jidadka, waxaa ku badan qurmidda ama halaabidda caanaha

oo ay keenayso heerkulka iyo huurka sareeya ee wadanka iyo maqnaanshaha heerka

dhaqaalaha.

Wax soo saarka hilibka cusub ayaa sii fidayey isagoo buuxiyey baahida hilib ee gudaha, laakin weli waa mid aad uga hooseeya muhiimaddii uu lahaan lahaa. Habaynta

hillibka ganacsiga waa mid xadidan tiradiisuna aad u yartahay waana riyo la qalay iyo

hilibka lo’da oo la dhoofiyo. In uu kordhi tiradiisa la dhoofinayo waxaa caqabado ku ah

dhibaatooyinka aan kor ku soo taxnay, sidoo kale maamul xumo. Tayada maqaarka iyo

saamaha waa mid la bar bar dhigo karo dhamaadkii 1980maadkii oo ahayd qiyaasta 7

milyan oo xabbo sanadkii. Maqaarka iyo hargaha la megdiyey waa kuwo tayo xun, sidaa

darted looma samayn hab wanaagsan iyo kaydin fiican, waxayna inta badan leeyihiin

dhibaato gaartay. Dagaalkii sokeeye ka hor sidaas ayuu ahaa, diyaarinta maqaarka keliya

waxaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu qalajiyo qoraxda, iyadoo aysan jirin wax laga sameeyo.

Abaaraha wakhtigaan jiraa waxay yareeyeen wax soo saarkii caana geela ee dhianca caanaha wax ka badan kala bar gaaraysana saddex meelood oo laba meelood. Cel celiska

sanadkii ee lumitaanka caanaha ee intii u dhaxaysay Oktoobar 2016 ilaa Sebteembar

2017 marka laga soo qaada inta ugu hoosaysa ee wax soo saarka caanaha iyo culayska

jireed ee xoolaha la dhoofinayo ama la qalayo waxaa lagu qiyaastay 1.2 bilyan dollar

tanoo ah qiimaynta lagu sameeyey saamaynta abaarta Soomaaliya 2018. Marka la bar

Sawirka 0.8: wax soo saarka xaanaha dhayda ah ee Somaaliya, nooca caano, 1961–2014

Isha xogta: FAOSTAT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

Mill

ions

of t

ons

Cattle Goat Sheep Camel


bar dhigo aasaaska, khasaraha lacageed ee wax soo saarka hoosea waxaa lagu qiyaasay

3% dadka geella haysta ee dakhligoodu dhexeeyo iyo kuwa nolosha qoyskoodu caadiga

tahay, 14 geella iyo lo’da qoysaska saboolka ah ee gobollada koonfurta ee weiybada

dhinacooda iyo 42% adhiga dhamaan qaybaha nolosha qoysaska bartamaha gobollada

waqooyiga iyo waqooyi bari.

Dhaqashada digaaga ayaa ku sii badanaysa qoysaska saboolka ah, iyagoo u adeegsada inay cunaan iyo inay sii iibsadaan. Soo dejinta digagga iyo ukunta maalmaha la kobciyo

ayaa culays ku ah dhaqashada digaaggu inay korto. Beeraha lagu xanaaneeyo digaagga ee

ganacsiga loogu ala galay ayaa iyana kor u sii kacaya, khaasatan meelaha magaalooyinka,

laakiin waxaa xadidan inay daboolaan siinta ukunta ay u bahan yihiin magaalooyinka

ay ag degan yihiin, waxaana tartan ku haya hilibka digaagga la fariisiyey ee laga soo

dhoofinayo Braasiil. In qaybtaan la sii balaariyo waxaa caqabad ku ah yaraanta agabkuu

u bahan yahay iyo qiimaha gelaya oo sareeya, waxaana ka mid waxyalahaas waxyaabaha

lagu quudinayo digaaga, suuq geynta, daaweynta iyo talaalka.

inkastoo ay jiraan caqabadaha iyo abaaraha ee keenay khasaaraha iyo burburka, waxa jira muhiimad xooggan oo sii balaarashada iyo kor u qaadista habka gudaha ah ee habaynta iyo qiimaha dheeraadka ah ee ay leeyihiin nacafiga xoolaha ka soo baxa. Faa’iidooyinkaas waxaa ku jira shaqaalaynta oo koraysa, dakhliga dadka soo saara iyo

kuwa ka ganacsada, canshuur ay ka helaan dhamaan heerarka dawladdu iyo tayada iyo

bed qabta dadka quuta. Isticmaalka muhimadahaan aan soo sheegnay oo si hagaagsan

looga faa’iidaysto waxay u bahan tahay in la casriiyeeyo iyo kor u qaadista dhamaan isku

xirka qiimaha ay leeyihiin xoolaha.

wax tarka qaybta dalagga waa mid liidata, laakiin inay waxtarkeedu kordhaa waamid aad u saraysa cunadda rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya ka ah tan koowaad waa mesegada ama haruurka, iyadoo keliya ku baxda roobka, cel celiskeeda sanadkii waxaa lagu qiyasaa aduun gaaraya 47.6 milyan oo dollar. Geleyda iyadu inta badan waa mid waraabka ku baxda, waxaana lagu

qiyaasaa aduun gaaraya 35.4 milyan oo dollar, sisinta oo iyana keliya waraabka ku baxda

33.3 milyan oo dollar iyo digiraha oo roobka ku baxa 15.4 milyan oo dollar. Eeg sawirka 0.9

ee tusinaya habka juquraafi ee tilmaamaya meelahay ka soo baxaan dalagyadaani. Waxaa

sidoo kale jira qiyaasta 1.5 milyan oo dollar oo ka soo baxa bariiska, kaasoo muhiim ka ah

gobollka Shabeellaha Dhexe, halkaasoo beeristiisa laga joogteeyo.

Dalagyo badan oo geed mirood ah ah ayaa la beeraa, intooda badan waxay ku baxaan xaaladaha waraabka ee koonfurta Somaaliya iyagoo intooda badan loo isticmaalo cunista gudaha, waxaana ka mid ah muuska, cel celiska sanadkii ee wax soo saarkiisa


waxaa lagu qiyaasay 8.3 milyan oo dollar ka hor qiimaynta la sameeyey abaarta, liinta 39.3 milyan oo dollar, qaraha waxaa ka soo baxa 31.5 milyan dollar, babaygana 23.1 milyan oo dolar iyo canabka 19.3 milyan oo dolar, waxaa jiroo kale kuwo kale. Sidaa

si la mid ah dagaaladii sokeeye

ka hor waxaa jiray xadi badan

oo moos ah oo la dhoofin jiray,

laakiin wakhtigaan laba nooc oo

keliya geed miroodyadaan aan soo

sheegnay ayaa hadda la dhoofiyaa

waana liinta la qalajiyey oo ka

dhoofta Muqdisho iyo qaraha oo

laga keeno Somaliland land lana

geeyo Jabuuti. Dhulka qalalan ee

waqooyiga bartamaha soomaaliya

iyo waqooyi bari timirta oo ka

baxda ayaa soo saarta 121.7 milyan

oo dollar iyo maydiga oo ay ka soo

baxdo 87.6 milyan oo dollar, waana kuwo bax oo ka mid ah waxa la dhoofiyo. Khudaar

badan oo kala nooc ah ayaa la beeraa iyadoona loo istimaalo gudaha, waxaana lagu

beeraa waraabka iyo roobkaba. Waxaana ugu badan yaanyada oo soo saarta 102 milyan

oo dollar iyo basasha oo soo saarta 77milyan oo dollar.

Qiyaasta 3 milyan oo higtar oo dhan qiyaasta dhulka 5% ayaa la beeri karaa, waxaana ka mid ah dhulkaan 2.3 milyan oo lagu beero roobka iyo 700 oo kun oo higtar oo u qaybsan dhulal wax soo saar leh oo lagu beero tuubooyinka waraabka iyo meelaha lagu sii daayo biyaha waraabka. Qiyaasta saddex meelood oo laba dhulka la beerto,

ee roobka iyo waraabkaba ah wuxuu ku yaalaa dhulka wax dhalista wanaagsan ee u

dhexeeya labada webi ee koonfurta ku yaal. Meelaha kooban ee roobka wax lagu beerto

waxay ku yaalaan waqooyi galbeed, dhulka dooxooyinka ah iyo dhul xeebeedka la beero

eek u yaal waqooyi bari ayaa ah qaybta saddexaad ah. Meelaha roobka wax lagu beero

inta badan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ku jira, kuwa berkadaha lagu kaydiyo iyo habab

farsamo ayaa wax lagu beertaa. Inta badan dhulka wadankuse waa dhul daaqismeed ay

yartahay wax dhalistiisa dhinaca dalagyada ah maxaa yeelay waxaa ku yar roobka.

Sawirka 0.9: Jaantuska Soomaaliya ee dalagyada cunada rasmiga ah – meelaha laga beero

Isha xogta: Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU, renamed FSNAU in 2010).


Amaan darada ka jirta konfurta Soomaaliya ayaana gacmaha ka xirtay hababkii joogtada ahaa ee dayac tirka iyo dibu habaynta, sidoo kale maqnaanshaha hay’ado wax tar leh, ayaa keenay dhibaato soo gaarta isku xirkii waraabka iyo kaabayashii ilaalinta daadadka, sidoo kale waxaan jirin hababkii joogtaynta iyo jidadka ee dhulka miyiga ah, kuwii jirayna waxaa ku dhacday dayac tir la’aan. Tanina waxay keentay in qayb ahaan

111 kun oo higtar oo dhulka waraabha ah wakhtiyaddaan danbe la waraabiyey, lana

beeray, dhulkaasoo ku yaal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Qaybahaan dhuleedka waxay qiyaasta

ka yihiin 16% dhulkaan kor ku soo sheegay eek u haboon, iyadoona sidoo kale ah kala bar

dhulkii caadi ahaan loo waraabin jiray dagaalada ka hor oo ahaa 222,950 higtar.

Meelaha lagu waraabiyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ku jira waxay ku sii fidayaan gobollada waqooyi galbeed ee Soomaaliland iyo dhulka banaan ee dooxooyinka Puntland. Isu

geynta dhulka la waraabiyo ee Soomaaliland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 35 kun oo higtar oo

ka noqonaysa 10% dhulka, waxaana dhulkas ku tiirsan nolosha qoysas 4 kun oo beerlay

ah. Beeralayda yar yare e dhulka buuraha ka soo rogan ee Puntland waxay yihiin qiyaas

2,848 higtar. Qaybo badan dhulalkaan ka mid ah waxaa si xun u saameeyey abaarihii

dhowaanahan taagnaa, qas ahaan xilliyada dyerta 2016 iyo gugii 2017.

habka waraabka beeruhu wuxuu wajahayaa caqabado badan, oo ay ka mid y ihiin kuwaan soo socda: • Waxaa badan biyo baxa iyo biyaha oogada yaal ee laga heli karo koonfurta Soomaaliya,

tanoo ka dhalatay hoos u dhaca xaaladda waraab iyo kaabayaasha ilaalinta daadaka

iyo dadaalo yar oo dibu dayac tirka oo keentay amaan darada jirtay.

• Waxaan ku filayn biyaha la isticmaalo, waxaa kordhay jeexdimaha biyuhu samaysteen

iyo dhulka biyaha fariistaan tanoo ay keentay maqnaanshaha qorshaynta iyo

sharciyada isticmaalka biyaha.

• Maamulka wax dhalista ciidda oo liita, sida in lagu daro digayn, barwaaqeeya iyo

cayayaan dilo waa mid si khaldan loo isticmaalo ama aanba la adeegsan gebi ahaan,

maxaa yeelay waxaa yar dhaqaalaha iyo helitaanka agabyadaani heli karaan dhulka

ka baxsan magaalooyinku.

• Tayada abuurka oo liidata iyo abuurka la helo oo keliya ah noocyo kooban.

• Yaranta iyo helitaanka qalabka farsamo ee inta badan beeralaydu qalabkay

isticmaasho ayaan jirin iyadoo beeralayda keliya adeegsadaan qalab gacan ku

samays ah.

• Waxaa sii xumaaday xaaladaha wadooyinka, tanoo kordhisay wakhtiga iyo qiimaha

dalagyada lagu soo gaarsiinayo suuqyada, tanoo dhibaato ku noqotay qodaalkii

dalagyada.

• Habab aan hagaagsanayn oo farsamo beerasho, tanoo ka dhalatay maqnaanshaha

hanaankii fidinta iyo adeegyada cilmi barista.


waxaa kale oo jira, inay xoog badan yihiin khataraha ku xeeran wax soo saarka dalagyada waraabka Soomaaliya, waxaana keenaya horumarinta ay Ethiopia ku samaynaysa biyo qabatinada marinda biyaha webiyada ee wadankeeda ka soo burqada. Webiga shabelle

ayaa gebi ahaanba qalalay laba wakhti sanadihii ugu danbeeyey, wuxuuna qalalay bishii

Maarso 2016, Diiseembar 2016 ilaa April 2017, waxaa jira dhibaatooyin aan horay loo

arag (eeg sawirka 0.10). fulinta buuxda ee Ethiopia ay ku hir gelisay qorshaha balaaran

ee biyaha wuxuu si daran u yaraynayaa qul qulka webiga Shabeele wax ka badan 80%

iyo inuu keeno waxyaabo aan lagu tala gelin oo khataro ah, sida dada xad dhaaf ah oo

aan la filayn.

Beeraha roobka ku baxa, inta badan dalagyada ka baxaa waa mesegada ama haruurta, digiraha iyo in yar oo geley iyo sisin ah, kuwaasoo ka baxa dhulka labada webi u dhexeeya ee gobollada Bay iyo Bakool, qaybo ka tirsan Shabelle iyo Dooxada Jubba, dhul xeebeedka koonfureed iyo dacalka shishe ee waqooyi Galbeed – Soomaaliland, meelahaas oo xoogaa roobab wanaagsan oo ay helaan ay ka dhalatay inay beertaan qaadka iyo heedda (eeg sawirka 0.11). dhibaatada ugu daran ee ay wajahayaan

beeralayda roobka wax ku beerta waxaa ka mid ah (a) roobabkii oo yaraaday iyo qalaylkii

oo ka batay wakhtiyada laoo dhaafay, waayitaanka roobabka oo soo noqnoqday iyo

xilliyada abaaraha imanayaan oo isu dhow dhow iyo daadad; (b) waxaa ka sii daraya

qabsashada biyaha iyo kaabayaashooda kaydin, iyadoo ay yar yihiin adeegyada cusub

ee lagu maal gelinayo; (c) maaraynta carada oo liidata, tanoo ay ka dhalatay haynta

Sawirka 0.10: Angaga Sagxadda webiga Shabelle

Isha xogta: Puntland News24, February 5, 2017.


qoyaanka ciidda oo liidata iyo habka biyo qabatinka oo liita, kaasoo aan caawinayn in

dalagyadu ay baxaan; iyo (d) farsamada wax beerashada oo aad u yar, weli waxay dadku

wax u beertaan hab dhaqameedkii, waa kuwo ka jawaabista khataraha uga imanaya

xaaladaha adag ee roobabka ay yartahay.

Soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, qiimaha wax soo saarka raashinka firalaydu wuxuu hoos u dhacay 60% laga soo bilaabo 1989, marka la bar bar dhigo 1980maadkii oo uu ahaa 53% cel celis ahaan. Tobankii sano ee ka horeeey dagaalka sokeeye cel celiska wax

soo saarka dalagyada raashinka firalayda ah waxa alagu qiyaastay 500 oo kun oo dan

sanadkii,, wuxuu gaaray 654 kun oo tan sanadkii 1989. Tan iyo 1995, cel celiskiisu keliya

wuxuu ahaa 265 kun oo tan sanadkii, oo noocyo kala tagsan ahaa, waxaana sababay

dhibatada roobabka, qalaylak, daadadka wakhtiyadaan, cayayaanka iyo cudurada.

Cuntada gargaarka iyo cunooyinka la soo dhoofiyo waxay mar horeba ahaayeen kuwo

aad u sareeya xitaa ka hor abaarta hadda jirta (sawirka 0.12). cel celiska maxsuulka

wax soo saar wuxuu ahaa mid hooseeya, tanoo ay keentay waxa la gelinayo beeraha

oo yaraa sida abuurka oo tayadiisu ay aad u liidato, qoyaanka ciidda oo liita, farsamada

wax beerista oo liidata, cayayaanka iyo cudurada iyo iyadoo gebi ahaanba aysan jirin

hanaankii adeegyada fidinta. Haddii wax fiican oo ku filan la gelin lahaa, cel celiska wax

soo saarku wuxuu kor ugu kici karaa in xaqiiqda jirta afartii jawaan ee geley ahba gaari

karto lix jawaan iyo saddex jawaan oo mesegada ah oo ay gaarta lix, sida ay tusinayaan

waxa ka soo baxay mashaariic badan oo ay maal geliyeen deeq bixiyayaaashu.

Inkastoo arrimo badan oo la taaban karo oo wakhti dheer soo jiray ay bur buriyeen wax soo saarkii dalagyada firalayda, wax soo saarka sisinta waxaa lagu qiyaasay in lagu beero 150 kun ilaa 250 kun oo beerood, wxayna kor u kacday 1991 iyo 2015 (eeg sawirka

Sawirka 0.11: Wax soo saarka raashinka firalayda Soomaaliya, 1961–2015

Isha xogta: FAOSTAT for 1961–94, FSNAU for 1995–2016. Ogsoonow: tirooyinka sanadle waxaa ku jira waxyaabaha soo go’a bartamaha gu’ga iyo dhamaadka dayrta (bilaha January ee sanadkaas).

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

20

13

20

15

Me

tric

to

nn

es

Maize Sorghum Total cereal


0.13). intii u dhaxaysay 2011 ilaa 2014, cel celiska dhoofka wuxuu gaarayey 40 milyan oo dollar, isagoona kor ugu kacay 81 milyan oo dollar sanadkii 2014, wuxuuna ahaa mid 20 goor ka badan qiyastii jirtay dhamaadkii sanadihii 1980maadkii oo ahayd 1.8 milyan oo dollar. Wax soo saarku weli waa mid hoosyee, khaas ahaan dadka beeraha yar yar

leh, waxaana badi ay ku dhacdaa abuurka la isticmaalayo oo tayadiisu liidato, cayayaan

kaca iyo cuduro dilaaca, habka farsamo ee maamulka dalagyada oo liita. Waxaa keliya

meelo kooban horumar laga sameeyey nidaamka waraabka, tayada abuurka, maaraynta

cayayaan iyo arrimaha la xiriira farsamada wanaagsan ee beerashada, beeralayda sisinta

ee Soomaaliya waxay muujiyeen inay soo saari karaan maxsuul ka badan 2.5 goor kan

hadda soo baxa iyo qiyaasta afar goor wax ka badan maxsuulka hadda celi celis ahaan.

Sawir 0.12: Wax soo saarka dalagyada firalayda, raashinka la soo dejiyo, iyo cunada gargaarka ee Soomaaliya, 1988–2015

Isha xogta: FAOSTAT, Barnaamijka cunada aduunka WFP iyo FSNAU.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.41

98

8

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

Mill

ion

s o

f M

etr

ic t

on

s

Production Import Food Aid

Sawirka 0.13: wax soo saarka Sisinta Soomaaliya, 1961–2017

Isha xogta: xogta waxay ku salaysantahay tirakooba qaran ee la fuliyey 1988 FAOSTAT. Sawirka 2016 and 2017 waa qiyaasta saamaynta abaarta oo u baahan qiimayn (Somalia 2018).

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

*

Me

tric

to

ns

FAOSTAT FSNAU


ka hor dagaalka, muuska wadanku wuxuu ahaa dallaga ugu balaaran (marka la qiimaynayo qiimaha wax soo saarka, qiimaha dhoofka iyo shaqaalaynta), dadka sida tooska ah iyo sida aan tooska ayn uga shaqaynayey waxay ahayd tiradoodu 120 kun oo qof sida lagu qiyaasay. Waxaa intaas dheer, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd wadanka ugu

balaaran ee mooska dhoofiya bariga Afrika. Dhoofka muusku wuxuu hoos u dhacay

sanadihii uu dagaalka sokeeye ka bilowday gobollada koonfurta, wuxuuna si guud u

istaagay 1999 markii ay xili roobaadkii Elnino ee daadaka wadatay ay bur burisay iyo

wadanka oo lumiyey suuqyo muhiim ahaa oo mooska la geyn jiray oo Yurub ku yaalay.

Wax soo saarka mooska waxaa xudun u ahaa beero kuwa waaweyn ah oo gaar loo

leeyahay, wax fiican la gelinayey, taageero fiican oo frsamana lahaa, waxaana la jiray

shirkado dhinaca dhaqalaha ah oo maal gelinayey, kuwaasoo dawladda, Taliyaaniga iyo

Sucuudi Caraybiya lahaayeen.

Qiyaaska wax soo saarka muuska ee sanadahaan danbe waa kuwo aad uga yar siduu ahaan jiray ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye (eeg sawirka 0.14). Gobolka shabeellaha Hoose,

qiyaasta 1,535 higtar oo ayaa mooska laga beerayey, tanoo tiro ahaan noqonaysa saddex

meelood wax soo saarka guud, dhamaanna waa mid gudaha loo isticmaalo. Waxa soo

baxaa wuxuu ahaa mid yara koreeya, qiyaasta 50 ilaa 74 tano higtarkii. Beeraha ganacsiga

ee muuska laga soo saaro sidookale waxaa laga soo saaraa geed mirood kale oo ay ka

mid yihiin canabka, qaraha iyo noocyada liimaha iyo sidoo kale dalagyo cunto oo gudaha

lagu isticmaalo.

Muusku wuxuu u lahaa Somaaliya mudnaan wanaasan, oo ay k amid tahay in loo dhoofiyo wadamada gacanta carabta, sababo badan:

• Wuxuu leeyahay cunis balaaran oo gudaha ah wayo wuxuu leeyahay dha dhan

wanaagsan iyadoo ay dadku ku cunaan bariiska ama baastada ama hilibka.

• Dadka beeralayda iyo kuwa gudaha ku barakay waxay farsamo ahaan haqaaniin sida

loo isticmaalo.

• Waxaa la heli karaa ciid iyo tayo biyo oo ku haboon, umana baahan ama wax yar

ayuu ka qaadanayaa muusku marka la beerayo barwaaqeeyaha.

• Noocyada wadanka laga beerto waa geedo adkaysi fiican u leh cudurada.

• Si wanaagsan ayaa loo qaabeeyey waraabkiisa, biyo qabadka iyo nidaamka ilaalinta

daadka, 100% ayeyna u shaqaynayaan nidaamyadaani haddii dibu dayac tir lagu

samaynayo.

• Isku xirka wadooyinka waxay u hal weli karaan 100% hadidi dibu dayac tir lagu

sameeyo, sida jidadka isku xira beeralayda muuska iyo dekedaha u dhow ee Muqdisho

iyo Kismaayo.


Marka laga tago muuska khudaar kale iyo geed miroodyo kale ayaa ka baxa koonfurta Soomaaliya, dhinaca gobollada waqooyi galbeed ee Soomaaliland iyo dhulka siman ee dooxooyinka dhul beereedka Puntland, iyadoo ay ku mahadsan yihiin kororka wx soo saarka ee ay ku dabooleen baahida gudaha iyo guusha ay ka gaareen dhoofinta liin dhanaanta qalalan (eeg shaxda 0.4). ka hor wax yar abaartii sanadihii 2015 ilaa 2014, wax

soo saarka dhirta khudaarta waxa lagu qiyaasay 97,025 tan, tanoo ah laban laab dhamaan

khudaarta qayb hoosaadkaan ka soo bixi jirtay ka hor dagalkii. Geed miroodka anabka iyo

liimaha, xoogga la geliyey ka hor abaartii waxaa lagu qiyaasay 89% heeka 1988, wax soo

saarkii rasmiga ahaa ee sanadihaan danbe taasoo ah qiyaasta rasmiga ah ee la heli karo.

Fursadaha waa maal gelinta gaarka ah iyo kororka qayb hoosaadka oo badan.

inta badan abaartii dhowahanahay jirtay ee ahayd xiligii dayrta 2016 iyo xilligii gu’ga ee 2017 waxay ku keeneen dalagyada saamayn aad u daran, tanoo sababtay dhaqaale bur bur ku yimid wixii ka soo baxayey afar qaybood oo cuntooyinka rasmiga ahaa oo lagu qiyaasay 54%, noqonayana 71.1 milyan oo dollar sanadihii 2013 ilaa 15. Dhaqaalaha

ku lumay waxaa lagu qiyaasay 35% geleyda, 47% mesegada ama haruurka, 58% digiraha

iyo 83% sisinta. Gobollada Bay iyo Shabeellaha hoose waxay noqdeen kuwo deris la

noqday khasaaraha ugu badan, waxayna hoos u dhaceen 74% iyo 54% siday ahaayeen

aasalkoodii hore (qiyaasta 23 milyan oo doolar midkiiba). Waxaa mahad ah horumarka

heerarka webiga tan iyo Abriil 2017, khasaaraha bariiska, kaasoo ka baxa agagaarka

Jowhar ee gobolka Shabeellaha dhexe wuxuu ku xadidnaa 60%.

Qiyaaska khasaaraha la taaban karo iyo kan lacageed waa xilliyadii dayrta 2016 iyo gu’gii 2017, oo ay aad u balaaranaayeen khasaaraha ku dhacay geed miroodka, khudaarta iyo maydiga. Khudaarta, khaaaraha la taaban karo cel celiskuus wuxuu noqday 48% liimaha,

94% timirta, muuska 68% oo ay hoos u dhacday wixii ka soo baxayey. Khudaartana,

khasaaraha la taaban karo eek u dhacay wuxuu dhexeeyaa 88 ilaa 93%. Khasaaraha ku

dhacay xabagta beeyada oo ka baxda gobollada Bari iyOSanaag, waaa lagu qiyaasay

17% siday shegayso qiyaasta laga sameeyey qiimaynta abaarta ee Soomaaliya 2018.

Waxyaabaha ka dhashay xaaladaha abaarihii hore iyo hoos u dhaca balaaran ee dhamaan

dalagyada, beeralayda gobollada waqooyi galbeed xilligii 2015 iyo gobollada koonfurta

iyo bartaha ilaa laga soo gaaray bartamihii 2016 waxaa ku dhacay khasaare balaaran.

haddii heerarka webiga, ayna roobabku caadi ku soo noqdaan, Soomaaliya waxay haysataa furad ay ku balarin karto wax soo saarkeeda firalayda, iniinyaha saliidda, miraha iyo khudaarta. Sidaa darted, in la hormariyo habka ilaalinta daadadka ee wadanka

iyo kaabayaasha waraabka, tayada abuurka, maaraynta cayayaan iyo arrimaha kale ee

la xiriira farsamooyinka wanaajinta beeraha ee loo baahan yahay haddii beeralayda

loo meeleeyo dhul badan oo beeasho, kor loo qaado wax soo saarkooda iyo xoojinta


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u adkaysiga mustaqbalka dhibaatooyinka cimilo eek u imanaya. Dhamaan horumarinta

qaybahaan waxay u bahan yihiin amaan xooggan oo ka hir gala dhulka miyiga ah ee

koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo taageero iyo wax qabad ay la yimaadaan dhamaan maamulka

gobollada. Caqabado badan ayaa weli ku haraeeraysan suurta galnimada in la kordhiyo

maxsuulka iyo dhulka qodaalka, laakiin fulinta hab wax qabad oo maamulka beeraha oo

la xiriira ciladaha cimilada kaga yimaadda beeraha iyo waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin

horumarinta abuur abaaraha u adkaysta, maaraynta beeraha iyo farsamada casriga ah ee

waraabinta dhibicda waxay kor dhin karaan waxa ka soo baxa inta badan beeraha roobka

wax ku beerta, maxsuulka waxa soo baxa iyo qodaalka meelahaan wax looga beeerta

wuxu noqon karaa mid laban laabma ama saddex laabma.

Wax yar ayaa laga ogyahay wax qabadka qaybta kaluumaysiga, laakiin wuxuu leeyahay muhiimad wanaagsanSoomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer Afrika oo dhererkeedu yahay 3,333km uti qayb balaaran oo xuduudka dhaqaalaha ee loo yaqaan EEZ. Inkastoo qalfoofka

baddu uu dhow yahay iyo uuna leeyahay deegaanno xadidan oo suuq geynta kaluunka

ah, intaan ka hayn xeebaha Puntland, guud ahaan habka dhaqaale ee balaaran ee

Soomaaliya wuxu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo khayraadka badda ah iyo tiro aad u

sarayso oo noocyo kalluun ah, iyadoo ay jiraan noocyo tiro badan oo tuunada ah iyo

kalluunka kale oo isaga kala gudba iyo noocyo kale oo cansaanyaduna ka mid tahay.

Quudashada kaluunka ee Soomaaliya waa mid aad u hooseeya marka loo eego Afrikada kale, laakiin waxay ku sii kordhaysaa magaalooyinka iyo dadka qurbo joogta ah ee gudaha Soomaaliya ku soo noqonaya oo quuta ayaa keenay in baahida isticmaalka kalluunka ee gudaha wadanka ay sii kororto. Bulshooyinka xeebaha dhaqan ahan waa

kuwo ku tiirsan kalluumaysiga iyagoo ka dhigto cunno iyo iyagoo ay noloshooda ku

tiirsan tahay, dhoofinta wax soo saarka kalluunka wuxuu inta badan aadaa koonfurta

wadamda Kenya iyo Tansaaniya iyo qayb aadda gacanka carabta. Jiilal soo jiray oo ku

nool meelaha gendiga leh waa meelaha ay ku yar yihiin ama aan laga quudan xoolaha,

waxaase meelahaas qiimo ku leh kaluumaysiga gaar ahaa waa meelaha webiyada ku

teedsan ee koonfurta Soomaaliya oo leh khayraad wanaagsan. Kaluumaysiga gudaha iyo

quudashadiisa waa mid ka yar intii laga rabi lahaa.

Maqnaanshaha ama tamar darida maamul iyo marnaanshaha maamul kalluumaysi oo wax tar leh oo jiray sodonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa sababay kaluumaysi sharci iyo sharci daraba ah oo ay geysanayaan maraakiib jariif ah oo shisheeya waana mid sii balaranaya oo aan ilaalin lahayn. Waxaan arrintaan ka dhashay dhibaato khatar badan

oo ku timid badda iyo deegaanka xeebaha, iyadoo in badan oo bulshooyinka xeebuhu

ay sheegayaan inuu hoos u dhacay kalluunkii ay soo saari jireen. Waxaa kale oo jira heer


kulka badda oo ku kacay oo saamayn xun ku yeeshay soo jilaabashadii kaluunka iyo

meelihii uu ku gabanayey; wxaa kaloo badan dhibaatoyin soo noq noqday iyo daadad ku

yimaadda dhulka hoose ku dheraran badda, marintada, gacamada iyo kanaalada milixda

laga beero.

Aqoonta kalluumaysatada Soomaaliya waa mid aad u kooban, maxaa yeelay biyaheedu waa kuwo aan la calamadin, anna laga shaqyn iyo kuwo aan la ilaalin. Ma jirto wax xog

ah oo la isku lahayn karo oo ka hadlaysa hawlahay qabtaan, dhulka, suuq geynta iyo

xaaladaha deegaanka ee la ururiyey xilligii dagaalka sokeeyo iyo ka horba. Kalluumaysiga

badweynta mid noociisu yahay cabir casri ah, iyadoo hawsha kalluumaysiga inta badan

ay fuliyaan raggu (qiyaasta 9,500 oo wakhti buuxa iyo qyab ahaan kala bar wakhti ayaa ka

shaqeeya, iyagoo ku hawl gala 1300 oo doonyood oo noocoodu yar yar yahay) ganacsiga

iyo hawlaha kale ee taageeraya sida habaynta kalluunka waa kuwo aad u liita tan iyo

1980, laakiin waxay muujiyeen koror. Heerka wakhtigaan la joogo waxaa lagu qiyaasay

wax soo saarka kalluun ee sanadkii inuu yahay qiyaasta 835 kun oo tan. Sahan la isku

halayn karo xogta ku jirta ayaa sheegaysa in 17 nooc oo kalluun kala duwan ah, 8 ka mid

ah qaybahaas waa afdhuubyada, kalluunka rida, libaxyada, cansaanyada iyo qaybo kale

oo ah kuwa la soo jilaabto 40% kalluunka la soo saaro, mana ahan wax joogto ah.

Maamulka badda iyo kalluumaysiga ee Soomaaliya waa mid weli aan hana qaadin, habka rasmiga ah ee bixinta sharciyada kallumaysiga qayb ahaan waa mid cusub oo dawladda federaalku ay meel marisay 2016, kaasoo weli aan si hagaagsan u dhaqan gelin, qayb ahaan kuwo ka mid ah sharciyada iyo nidaamyada gobollada. Wadaagista

dhaqaalaha ee u dhexeeya dawladda federaalka iyo maamul goboleedyada sharcigeedu

waa mid mar dhow la unkay welina aan la fulin. Inkastoo la xusay waxa la rabo, haddana

dawladda federaalka iyo maamul goboleedyada wasaaradhooda kaluumaysi waxay

ahayaan kuwo isla arka sharciyada ay bixiyaan, mana lahan awood ay kula socdaan ama

ku ilaaliyaan kalluumaysiga khaas ahaan kan bad weynta.

Hawlaha wakhtiyadii dambe ee burcad badeedda oo keenay weeraro dheeraad ah oo inta badan ka dhacayey bulshooyinka xeebaha badweynta hindiya ee Galmudug iyo Puntland intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2011 ayaa iyana carqalad keenay, waayo maraakiibta caalamiga ah ee ilaalinta badaha ayaa keenay faa’iido daro. Inkastoo

weeraro bur cad badeed oo yar la isku tayey tan iyo 2015, inkastoo ay jireen isku dayo

kooban oo weeraro burcad badeed geysteen haddana kumay guulaysan inay afduubtaan

maraakiibta ganacsiga (waxaa jiray hal mid bilowgii 2017, laakiin waxaa si degdeg ah u

xalisay oo soo fara gelisay maamulka puntland iyo odayaasha qabaa’ilka) (eeg shaxda

0.3). sidoo kale waxaa jiray cadada yar oo ay ku lug leeyihiin maraakiiba shisheeye ee


jariifka (sanadkii 2015, tusaale ahaa laba markab oo iraaniyeiin ah ayaa la weeraray, mid

wuu cararay, kii kalena waa la qabtay, waana lala wareegay), waxaa kale oo jirta in la

haystayaashii horay loo soo qabsaday weli loo haysto madax furasho.

Fiditaankii burcad badeeddu waxay yaraysay kalluumaysigii sharci darada ahaa, maritaankii aan la ogayn iyo hawlihii kale ee aan sharciga ahayn ee biyaha Soomaaliya iyo badweynta hindiya, tani waxay keentay in noocyada kalluunka qaar dib ay u soo kabtaan. Hoos u dhaca ku yimid dhowanahaan burcad badeeda, waxaa la soo sheegayaa

in hawlihii sharci darada ahaa ee ka socday biyaha Soomaaliya ay sii kordheen. Siday

sheegyso kooxda kormeerka qaramadda midoobay ee Soomaaliya iyo Ereteriya, shirkado

amaan oo Soomali leedahay ayaa mar marka qaarkood ku lug yeesha hawlahaan, qaar

badan oo ka mid ah waxaa suuro gal inay xiriir horay ula lahaayeen burcad badeedda.

Caqabadaha ugu waweyn ee kallumaysiga haysta waa (a) waxaa yar adeegyada dhulka

ee kalluumaysiga ee yaal dhamaan dekedaha waaweyn, (b) waxaan jirin ama aad u yar

adeegyadii isku xirnaa ee qaboojinayey kalluunka, (c) waxaa yar hawlaha habaynta, iyo

(d) waxaan jirin ama aad u liita isku xirka gaadiidka iyo wadooyinka ee isku xira suuqyada

waaweyn iyo bulshooyinka kalluumaysatada ah ee go’doonsan ee ku nool xeebaha, qaar

badan oo ka mid ahina waxay wax soo saarkooda inay u iib geeyaan ku xiran yahay Yaman

oo ay ka helaan dhaqaale.

Tixgelinta muhiimdaha jiray ee lagu joogtaynayo balaarinta kalluumaysiga, khaas ahaan tuunada iyo noocyada kale ee tuunada badweynt. Kalluunka xumaaday ayaa sidoo kale

loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin in dadku quutaan, xoolaha

la siiyo iyo in tamar laga dhaliyo. Maarayn wax tar leh, isku duwid iyo kormeer iyo

maal gelin dawladda ah iyo qorshayaal taageero farsamo oo ay ka mid yihiin taageero

qorshayaasha balaarinta shirkadaha kalluumaysiga, waxaana lagu hor marin karaa (a)

suuq geynta iyo qiimaynta qabashada iyo (b) qiimayn dhaqaalaha iyo meel marinta

sharciyadii horay u jiray.

Shaxda 0.5: Falalka burcad badeed ee Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysa 2008 ilaa 2016

Pirate Activities 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Suspicious events 8 59 99 166 74 20 5 1 2

Total attacks 24 163 174 176 34 7 2 0 1

Of which pirated 14 46 47 25 4 0 0 0 0

Isha xogta: EU Navfor (http://eunavfor.eu/).


Hay’ado xoogan oo maamul, maaraynta, adeegyada fidinta iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ayaa looga baahan yahay in lagu taageero maal gelinta gaarka loo leeyahay ee wax soo saarka iyo suuq geynta Wakhtiga dhow iyo kan dhexe (hal sano ilaa shan sano), soo kabashada wax soo saarka beeraha, khaas ahaan dalagyada, oo la gaarsiiyo heer wanaagsan waxay ku xiran tahay amaan wanaagsan; hay’addo dawladeed iyo bulsho oo xoogan, iyo ugu yaraan in dib loo dhiso hanaankii ilaalinta daadka, waraabka iyo kaabayaasha wadooyinka iyo gaadiidka. Wakhtiga dheerna, waxaa la xaqiijin karaa muhiimada kororka qaybtaan

oo lagu hormarin karo keliya iyo in la fuliyo istiratijiyada horumarineed oo lagu fahmo

qaybtaan, taageeris la siiyo hay’adda maamul iyo wax ka qabashada sidii qaybaha gaarka

loo leeyahay ay ugu lug lahaan lahaayeen wax soo saarka guud iyo kan gudaha iyo

ganacsiga dibadda oo lagu lug yeesho, sidoo kale habaynta wax soo saarka yaa muhiim

ah. Istiraatijiyaddu waxay ujeedkeedu noqon doonaa in laga guul gaaro muhiimadda ay

leeyihiin qodobadaan muhiimka ah ee soo socda:

• Kordhinta wax soo saarka dalagga la gaarsiiyo heer wanaagsan, iyadoo dib u habayn

lagu samaynayo hababka ilaalinta daadadka, waraabka iyo kaabayaasha jidadka iyo

gaadiidka, balaarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo farsamada casriga ah ee kaydinta

biyaha iyo qabashada biyaha iyo dib u awoodaynta cilmi barista iyo fidinta si kor

loogu qaado mel marinta hab blaaran oo wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka beeraha

uga imaanaya cimilada.

• Ilaalinta iyo hormarinta deegaanka, fududaynta dhamaan waxyaabaha u dayacaya

beeraha ee ka imanaya isbedelka cimilada.

• Dibu qaabaynta qaybaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee nidaamka wax soo saar dhamaan

qaybaha oo loo qaabeeyo hab casriya, ganacsi leh iyo inuu noqdo mid tar tan lah oo

qiimo u kordhinayo habaynta wax soo saarka.

• Xoojinta adkaysiga wax haysiga qoyska iyo yaraynta nafaqadarada, waxaana ka mid

ah iyadoo la fulinayo hab wanaagsan oo casriya oo ah farsamada kaydinta dalagyada

soo go’a iyo talaabooyin looga hor tegayo khataraha abaarta.

Qaybaha lagu tala bixiye ee ah istiraatijiyadda wax looga qabanayo waxaa lagu soo

kooban qodobadaan hoose.

Tala bixinno ku aadan xalinta isbedelka cimilada Soomaaliya oo si buuxda u fulisa figradda rasmiga ah ee barnaamijyada qaran ee wax looga qabanayo isbedelka cimilada loona soo gaabiyo (NAPA) iyo ka qayb galka Qaran ee lagu xaqiijinayo wax ka qabashada (iNDC) waxaa loo baahan yahay qorshe wax qabad oo lagu fidiyo nidaamka beeraha si ay u noqdaan kuwo u adkaysta cimilada. Fulinta iyadoo xoogga la saarayo taageero la siiyo la qabsiga iyo heerarka cimilada

waxyeeladay u geysnaayaan beeraha iyo dibu habayntooda (shaxda 0.5).


Tala bixinno ku aadan maamulka khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo dhul daaqsinkawaxaa jirta baahi ku aadan in laka cadeey qorshaynta kiraynta dhulka, gaaritaanka siyaasado arrimahaan lagu fulinayo iyo fulinteeda iyadoo ay ka qayb yihiin bulshooyinka gudaha, horumarinta tayada bulshooyinka si ay maareeyaan khayraadkooda dabiiciga ah hab ay ku joogtayn karaan lahaanshaha iyo taageerada dib u habaynta dhul

Shaxda 0.5: Muhimadaha Soomaaliya eek u aadan wax ka qabashada isbedelka cimilada

Goobaha barnaamijyada hawlaha

Joogtaynta maamulka dhulka

• Horumarinta siyaasado qorsheyaal qaran oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha, dhaqaalaha dhulka iyo noolaha deegaanka.

• Ilaalinta kaymaha iyadoo la shaqaalaynayo dadka degan agagaarkooda.

• Kor u qaadista wacyiga ku aadan deegaanka, xoog saarista dhaqaalaha iyo adeegyada si kor loogu qaado ilo kale oo tamar laga heli karo.

• Horumaritna iyo dhaqan gelinta qorshayaasha isticmaalka dhulka ee degmo kasta.

• Horumarinta maamulka dhul daaqsimeedka, iyadoo la hor marinayo iyo in la dhaqan geliyo kala xayndaab daaqsinka ah

• Bilaabista heer balaaran oo olole dhirayn ah, waxaana ka mid ah in la qaybiyo abuurka lana siiyo bulshooyinka u dayacan xaalufka.

• Joojinta soo saarka dhuxusha, joojinta dhoofkeeda, houmarinta qorshayaal kale oo tamar lagu helayo, taageeridda samaynta iyo isticmaalka shooladaha shidaalka ku shaqeeya iyo taageeridda waxyaalo kale oo dhinaca nolosha ah oo la siiyo dadka soo saara dhuxusha.

Horumarinta iyo maaraynta biyaha

• Dhismaha kaabayaal heerka dhexe ilaa kan balaaran, sida biyo xidheenno, ilimo waraab, goobo xooluhu biyaha ka cabaan iyo ceelasha gunta dheer. Aas aasidda dhamaan mashaariic cusub oo la xiriirta qiimayn lagu sameeyo saamaynta deegaanka.

• Dhisidda ama dib u dayac tirka kaabayaasha dhaqaale ee heer bulsho oo ay ka mid yihiin berkedaha, ceelasha gunta dhaadheer, waraha iyo farsamooyinka kale ee casriga ah, si loo xaqiijiyo habka lagu joogtaynayo farsamooyinka.

• Dhismaha qararka/xanibaadaha iyo qararka biyo xidheenada si looga hor tago daadadka.

Maaraynta masiibooyinka

• Xoojinta hay’adda qaran eemaarayntamasiibooyinka, horumarintanidaamkaka siidigista iyodiyaarintaqorshayaashadiyaargarowga,maarayntaiyokajawaabistadegdeggaah.

• Abuuristasanduuqdhaqaaleoogargaarkaah.

• Dhismahaadeegyadakaydintacuntadaiyodaaqa,ooaykamidyihiinkayda loogu tala galay agabyada gurmadka loogu tala galay.

Isha xogta: Somalia 2013a, 2015.


daaqsimeedka. Dhulka fidsan ee daaqsinka dibu habayntiisa waxaa lgu gaari karaa in la

isla xaqiijiyo ciidda iyo maaraynta biyaha, dib u dhiraynta iyo dhiraynta, dib u abuurista

daaqa, beerista dhirta u adkaysata abaaraha iyo cawsaska sida degdegga ah u baxa iyo

bahaha digirta iyo isticmaalka habab balaaran oo ah qabashada biyaha iyo farsamooyin

casriya oo kala duwan oo lagu ilaalinayo daadadka.

kaynta Soomaaliya waxaa laga soo saara laba shay oo waweyn oo kala ah dhuxusha iyo beeyada iyo xabagta. Balaarinta barnaamijka loo qaadayo si loo yareeyo dhuxusha,

khaas ahaan jarista geedaha qudhaca oo muhiim u ah nolosha waxay ku dhismi karaan

saddex tiir: (a) in abuuro hab isku xiran oo sharciyeed iyo horumaritna tayada hay’addaha

ku shaqada leh; (b) kor u qaadista farsamooyin casri ah oo ka soo baxa wax soo saarka

beeraha iyo farsamo wax lagu karsado oo ay ka mid tahay bed qabka iyo tamar joogto

ah oo la isku halayn karo; iyo (c) in si balaaran loo kordhiyo isticmaalka gedaha la dhaho

Prosopis Juliflora Soomaalidana u taqaan Garanwaaga ama Cali Garoobka, oo loo

adeegsado dhuxusha iyo ganacsi ka soo baxa oo xoolaha lagu quudiyo.

kor u qaadista iyo dhaqan gelinta habab joogto ah oo lagu wanaajinayo maydiga, beyada iyo xabag carbeedda ayna ahaato muhiimadda koowaad maamulada Puntland iyo Somalilnd iyo inay deeq bixiyaaashu ku taageeraan. Muhiimadda labaad waa in la

kordhiyo qiimaha dheeraadka ee lagu taageerayo maalgelin cusub ee gaarka loo leeyahay

ee dhinaca habaynta ah.

Tallo bixinno ku aadan kordhinta soo saarka nacfiga xoolaha iyo wax soo saarkoodaDawladdu waxay gacan ka geysan karaa kordhinta wax dhalista xoolaha iyadoo u maraysa (a) balaarinta gaaritaanka hab dhaqameedka iyo suuqyo cusub oo dhoof iyo (b)

dhismaha tayada hababka hadda jira ee isku xiran si loo xaliyo cudurada khatarta ku ah

xoolaha, talaabooyinkaan waxaa ay u mari kartaa wada hadallo joogto ah oo ay la yeelato

wadamada soo dhoofsada xoolaha si la isula eego iyo in wax kastoo cusub oo la xiriira

heerka faya qab iyo waxyaalaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee loo bahan yahay la isula ogaado.

Meelaha kale ee muhiimadda laeh waxaa ka mid ah kor u qaadista talaboyinka wax

dhalista iyo wax qabadka xanaanadda xoolaha ee wanaagsan iyo xoojinta siyaasadaha

isticmaala dhul daaqsimeedka, qorshayna iyo dhaqan gelinta iyadoo ay bulshadu ka

qayb qaadanayso. Wax badan oo la qabdo waxay siinaysaa taageero sidii loo xoojin lahaa

nidaamyada isku dhafka wax soo saarka, waxayna isu keenaysa hawlaha isku xirka ee ka

dhexeeya dalagyada iyo nidaamyada magaalooyinka si loo balaariyo iyo in la helo hab isku

xiran oo ah nidaam lagu quudinayo xoolaha iyo kor u qaadista waxyaalaha dheeraadka

ah iyo heerarka isku xir, khaas ahaan arrimaha quseeya dhul xirashada iyo baahiyaha loo

qabo xoojinta.


kordhinta waxa ka soo baxaya iyo qiimaha wax soo saarka xoolaha waa in loo maraa kor u qaadista iyadoo la dhiiri gelinayo iyo fulinta hab wax tar leh oo ku aadan dadaalada maal gelinta gaarka ah si loo habeeyo wax soo saarka xoolaha. Waxaa intaas dheer

in maal gelinta dawladda ay noqoto wadooyinka iyo gaadiida iyo kaabayaasha tamarta

koranmtada si loo yareeyo qarashaadka suuq geynta wax soo saarka, waxaana lagu tala

bixinayaa in dawladdu fuliso waxyaabahaan soo socda:

• Fulinta hab muuqda oo dibu habayn ah iyo barnaamijyo maal gelin si dib loogu

habeeyo qaybaha rasmiga aan ahayn ee caanaha iyo kor u qaadista hababka isku

xiran ee hadda jira ee caanaha lagu keeno, kuwaasoo ah (dhayda iyo dhanaanka),

si loox aqiijiyo bed qabka dadka quuta, loo yareeyo xilligooda, loo tir tiro wax tar

xumadooda, loo xaliyo soo saaristooda oo yar iyo qiimaha habaynta ee koreeya iyo

balaarinta qiimo are oo soo saaristooda ah, ooa y ka mid yihiin warshadaynta, in

yoogad laga sameeyo iyo burcad.

• Xalinta xaaladaha heerka faya dhowr ee suuqyada hilibka iyo adeegyada gawraca,

si labada ba loogu xaqiijiyo bedqabka dadka quudana iyo ka gacan siinta gaarista

suuqyada goboleed, khaas ahaan bariga dhexe.

• Wax barista qaybaha hargaha iyo saamaha oo ku aadan sida wanaagsan ee loo

megdin karo iyo hab casri ah oo lagu diyaariyo si loo kordhiyo waxa ka soo baxaya

iyo qiimaha ay yeelanayaan, sidoo kale si loo dhaqan geliyo sharciyada la xiriira

hagaajinta deegaan, si looga hor tago dhibaatada deegaan iyo duruufaha samaynta

xun ku yeesha wax soo saarka

• Fududaynta haba wanaagsan oo gaaris oo wax looga qabto, caafimaadka, hawlaha

fidinta iyo maaliyadda qoyska ee digaagga iyo hab xaafadaha ay ku soo saarayaan

digaag; xaqiijinta nidaam ku filan oo lagu gaarsiinayo adeegyada iyo kormeerka

caafimaad oo heer balaaran ah, soo saarista ukun ganacsi iyo taageero heerkeedu

balaaran yahay oo la siiyo soo saarista iyo ka ganacsiga hilibka digaagga, waxayna

arrimahaan keliya qiimo yeelanayaan marka isku xirka iyo qiimaynta lagu sameeyo

sida ay wax tar u leedahay qaybtaan.

Talo bixinno ku saabsan kordhinta wax soo saarka dalaggaDhamaystirka barnaamijyada wakhtiga dhexe waxay u bahan yihiin in loo fuliyo degdeg, la balaariyo iyo in la joogteeyo wax soo saarka iyo waxsoo saaridda la helayo laga dhigo alaab joogto loo helayo iyo kala duwanaanshaha wax beersita iyo dalagyada kale ee qiimaha sare leh. Qaybaha ugu waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah (a) dhismaha hay’adihii

maamul iyo tayada dadka; (b) dib dayac tirka hababkii ilaalinta daadak iyo kaabayaasha

waraabka ee saarnaa labada webi ee mara koonfurta Soomaaliya; (c) balaarinta biyo

qabatinada roobka iyo celinta qoyaanka iyo soo saarista talaabooyin lagu ilaalinayo

nabaad guurka cidda iyo helitaanka warbixinaha ee gobollada bartamaha iyo waqooyiga;


(d) dib u dayac tirka wixii horay u jiray iyo jidadka dhulka miyiga ah si loo hormariyo

gaadiidka si wax loo geliyo beeraha iyo in waxa soo baxa la keeno suuqyada; iyo (e)

horumarinta helista iyo la qabsiga habab wanaagsan oo wax ku beerashada cimilada ah.

Afarta qaybood ee ugu horeeya waxaa lagu fulin karaa haba wada jir ah, halkii laga soo

celin lahaa, dhismaha hay’addaha dawladda oo aan lahayn maal gelin kaabayaasha ah

waxba soo kordhinayaan, iyo talaabooyinka loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo wax dhalista

oo ka yimaadda maal gelinta kaabayasha dhaqaalaha waxay noqon doonaan kuwo aan

joogto ahayn haddii aysan jirin sharci fulinaya iyo dhismaha tayada.

Talaob bixin qaabka wax looga qabanayo waxaa ka mid ah kuwaan soo socda: • Firalayda: Maal gelin lagu sameeyo horumaritna ilaalinta daadka, waraabka iyo

kaabayaasha biyaha looga qabanayo roobka iyo hababka wax qabad ee maamulka

beeaha sida kuwaan kor ku soo xusnay waxay u bahan yihiin inay kordhiyaan

maxsuulka saddex jeer ama afar jeer, in laban lab uu kordho dhulka waraabku, iyo in

la balaariyo dhulka roobka wax lagu beerto intii la badin karo. Dawladu waa inay si fir

fricoon u dhiiri gelisaa habka wanaagsan ee la adeegsan karo marka dalagyadu soo

go’aan iyo fududaynta habab qalalan oo lagu kaydiyo miraha beeraha iyo farsamooyin

bixin kara adeegyo si loo iibiyo marka qiimaha uu noqdo mid wanaagsan, xaqiijinta

hagainta miro tayo wanaagsan leh iyo yaraynta khataraha ku imanaya ee qurmidda

iyo xaddiga khasaaraha miraha ku imanaya marka la goosto ka dib (Taasoo lagu

qiyaasay inay tahay 20 ilaa 30% cel celis).

• Sisinta: taasoo ahayd mid qaan gaartay horaantii iyo iyadoo aan u baahnayn xoog

badan iyo waraab badan marka loo eego miraha firalayda, wax tarkeeda dhoof iyo

wax soo saarkeeda xoogga badan wakhtiyadaan danbe oo ay ka mid yihiin meelaha

lagu beero dhul beereedka roobka ku baxa, sidoo kale maalin gelino gaar loo leeyahay

ayaa ka shiida saliid, waxaana arrimahaan lagu joogtayn karaa haddii dawladdu ku

hawl gasho waxyaabaha aan kor ku soo sheegnay.

• Qaybta qodaalka: khaas ahaan dalagyada baabi’I kara, waxay faa’iido weyn ka heli

karaan dawladda oo maal gelin ku samaysa dayac tirka iyo horumarinta isku xirka

dekedaha, beeraha iyo suuqyada magaalooyinka iyo maal gelinta gaarka loo leeyahay

oo iyana fulisa adeegyada kaydinta qaboojiyayaasha. Soo saarista nudoyaasha isku

xiran ee farsamada casirga kuwaas bixin kara hab isku mid ah oo biqlin kana fayo

cayayaan iyo cuduro waxay guul la taaban karo u yihiin horumarinta muuska iyo

barnaamijyada dhoofka.

Talo bixin ku socda horumarinta kalluumaysiga Qaninimada ugu xoog badan ee keenaysa kororka ku saabsan qayb hoosaadkaan kalluumaysiga Soomaaliya waxaa sal unoqonaya wadanka oo leh badweyn wax soo saarkeedu aad u sareeyo. Dhamaan noocyada tuunada iyo noocayda kale waa kuwo


wadanka isaga kala guur guura xilliyada dabaylaha maansuunka koonfur galbeed dhacayaan.

Xaqiiinta muhiimadda kalluumaysigaani leeyahayna waxay u bahan doontaa maal gelin gaar

ah oo ah (a) balaarinta kalluumaysiga aan weli la daah rogin ee badweynta; (b) horumarinta

kalluumaysiga xeebaha iyo berriga, oo ay ka mid tahay isku xirka qaboojiyayaasha suuqyada

gudaha iyo horumarinta nafaqada; iyo (c) kor u qaadista habaynta.

Dhamaan heerarka dawladda, la hawl galka hay’addaha caalamiga ah ee kalluuamysiga iyo hay’addaha horuamrinta, goobaha tacliinta iyo bulshada deeq bixiyayaasha, waxay

dhamaan leeyihiin door ay kor ugu qaadi karaan, kuna joogtayn karaan kalluumaysiga.

Meelaha loo baahan yahay in laga taageerana waa kuwaan soo socda:

• Ururinta xog ka timadda goobaha: qiyaasaha tilmaamaha iyo dhisidda wax

barista, cilmi baaris iyo awoodaha aqooneed ee looga baahan yahay in lagu fuliyo

siyaasadaha, sharciyada iyo go’aamada maalgashiga ee dhamaan heerarka iyo

dadka masuulka ka ah.

• Nidaam maamul kalluumaysi oo nadiif ah, wax tarnleh oo ka ymaadda heer federal iyo

heer maamul goboleed, waa mid loo baahan yahay. Wakhtiga dhow, in muhiimadda

la saaro aasaaska fahamka, abuurista deegaan amaan ah, dejinta isku xirka nidaamka

sharci iyo hal gelinta sharciga ee maal gelinta gaarka loo leeyahay oo ay ka mid yihiin

bixinta sharciyada.

• Dejinta iyo qiimaynta qarashaadka looga bahan yahay dibu dayac tirka iyo

horumarinta goobaha kaluumaysiga ee berriga ee ku yaal dhamaan shanta dekedood

ee waaweyn iyo horumarinta la xiriirta kaabayaasha wadooyinka iyo gaadiidka, oo ay

ku jiraan jidadka miyiga ee ku xiraya bulshooyinka kalluumaysiga jidadka waaweyn

iyo suuqyada magaalooyinka, waxaana loo bahan yahay in la dhamays tiro. Markii ay

jiraan, qorshaha wuxuu bahan yahay in la hir geliyo.


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Dib u dhiska adkaysigaiyo Joogtaynta

Beeraha Soomaaliya

Qaybtii Koowaad

Wareegtada Rasmiga Ah ee Dhaqaalaha Wadanka

SOO

MAALIYA W

areegtada Rasmiga Ah ee D

haqaalaha Wadanka • D

ib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya

SOOMAALIYA

@fao.org/[email protected]/somalia

GUUD MAR

In kastoo ay wax ka badan 20 sano ay Soomaaliya ka socdeen dagaalo sokeeye, haddana waxaa wadanku horay u qaaday sanadihii danbe talaabooyin horumar leh oo ay ka mid yihiin dhismaha hay’ado siyaasadeed oo joogto ah, dhaqaale iyo hay’adihii amaanka. Qodobadaani waxay horay u wadayaan mustaqbalka Soomaaliya oo noqdo xasiloon oo nabad iyo dhaqaale leh iyo horumarinta bulshada. Waxaa xaqiiq ah horumarinta iyo shaqooyinku inay wax weyn ku kordhinayaan horumarinta xaaladaha amaan iyo abuurista hab balaaran oo lagu dejiyo siyaasadda.

muhiim u yihiin haqab beelka cuntada iyo kororka dhaqaalaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhul balaaran oo siman oo qaybo kaal duwan leh oo lagu fidin karo beeraha. Waxaa jira dhul balaaran oo ku haboon daaqsinka xoolaha, soo saarka nacfiga xoolaha si kor loogu qaado suuqa sii

haboon beerashada dalagyada firalayda, iniinyaha saliidda, bahda digirta iyo qodaalka dalagyada. Wuxuu leeyahay wadanku aymo soo saara

lago ku shuba qaybahooda badda.

Taagerista soo kabashada beeraha, xoojinta u adkaysigooda cimilada iyo horumarinta dhamaan wax qabad muuqda oo dhinacaan ahi keliya kor uma qaadayso qaninimada joogtaynta horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee sidoo kale waxay gacan ka geysanaysaa dhismaha nabadda, yaraynta saboolnimada iyo nafaqadarada iyo helitaanka caafimaad wanaagsan oo ay helaan dadka ku nool miyiga iyo magaalooyinka. Warbixintaani waxay bixinaysaa, oo falanqaynaysaa inay ka caawin doonto sheegista iyo hagista dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo kuwa maamul goboleedyada iyo la hawl galayaasha caalamiga ah ee dhinaca horumarinta sidii ay xoogga u saari lahaayeen ka soo bixidda soo kabashada

Dib u dhiska adkaysiga iyo Joogtaynta Beeraha Soomaaliya