History & Physical Checking for symptoms of disease Chest
pain, shortness of breath (SOB), awareness of heartbeat
(palpitation), fatigue, dizziness or loss of consciousness, edema,
pain in legs when walking
Slide 3
Electrocardiogram Tracing of the electrical activity of the
heart
Slide 4
Phonocardiogram EKG with heart sounds
Slide 5
Slide 6
Echocardiogram Ultrasound that measures size and movement of
the heart structures
Slide 7
Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Slide 8
The difference between ECG, Ecocardiogram and Stress Test ecg
vs echo vs stress test
Slide 9
Doppler Ultrasound Measures blood flow
Slide 10
Arteriography Radiopaque dye injected and x-ray series taken of
blood flow
Slide 11
Cardiac Catheterization Right side of heart catheter threaded
into vein then into the vena cava then into the heart then into the
pulmonary artery Left side of heart catheter threaded into artery
then into left ventricle, then into aorta then into coronary
arteries X-rays taken during procedure Dye also injected
Slide 12
Stent
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Myocardial biopsy
Slide 16
Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the arteries Atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries (high blood pressure,
smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, tension)
Slide 17
Hypertension 90% - no specific cause 10% - symptom of another
disease (ex: kidney disease) Increases workload of the heart
Slide 18
Bacterial Endocarditis: Inflammation of the internal lining of
the heart Also involves the valves
Slide 19
Slide 20
Valvular Heart Disease Abnormalities of the heart valves
Especially mitral and aortic valves Heart valves are scarred
Treatment valve replacement
Slide 21
Congenital Heart Disease Defects in the heart that occurred
during embryonic and fetal development Defective communication
between the chambers, malformation of valves, and malformation of
septum
Slide 22
Slide 23
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Left side heart failure Pumping
action of heart diminished Fluid accumulates and is retained in
tissues Compensations increased heart rate, greater force of
contraction, retention of fluid by kidneys, enlargement of
heart.
Slide 24
Slide 25
Cor Pulmonale Right side heart failure Hypertension in
pulmonary circulation
Slide 26
Peripheral Arterial Disease Decreased blood flow to peripheral
vessels
Slide 27
Varicose Veins Enlarged veins which can be inflamed
Slide 28
Aneurysm Weak section in wall of an artery ballooning out,
possibly rupturing.
Slide 29
Thrombus Blood clot that stays where it is formed
Slide 30
Stroke (CVA) Brain infarct Caused by decreased oxygen supply to
brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage Symptoms: trouble walking,
trouble speaking, paralysis or numbness in face, arm or leg,
trouble seeing, headache
Slide 31
Embolus Blood clot or thombus that travels through circulatory
system
Slide 32
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Sudden, unexpected loss of heart
function, breathing, and consciousness Symptoms: sudden collapse,
no pulse, no breathing Call 911 & Start CPR!
Slide 33
Heart Attack Blood clot blocks the flow of blood through
coronary artery Symptoms: pressure, pain in chest, left arm, back,
teeth & jaw, shortness of breath, sweating, fainting, nausea
& vomiting, heartburn, clammy skin, dizzy, fatigue