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Dr Nick Hepworth, Water Witness International, UK Embracing failure: diagnosing the causes of water insecurity to improve the design of future interventions – results of multiple case study research in East Africa
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Embracing failure: diagnosing the causes of water insecurity to improve future interven9ons Nick Hepworth Declan Conway Bruce Lankford
Diagnosing water security status and determinants
• Kenya • Uganda • Tanzania
• 82 water resource managers
• Hydrometric measurements • Water Quality analysis • Document analysis • Field observa9ons • Transect walks • Par9cipatory Appraisal • Interviews
1. Mul9ple case study research (Yin 2004)
2. Picture aided
discussion (PAD)
3. External valida9on visits
4. Ques9onnaire survey & key informant interviews
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Example: Gomba Estates -‐ irrigated export agriculture
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Example: Pastoralists, Mbulu District
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Determinants of ins9tu9onal performance
• Difficult contexts (climate, poverty, history)
• Resources, finance and capacity • Data and management systems
Explicit constraints
• Ambiguous authority/sovereignty • Corrup9on and capture • Weak ins9tu9onal incen9ves • Low prac99oner mo9va9on
Tacit constraints
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Ins$tu$onal personality: in addi9on to capacity -‐ people, organisa9ons and ins9tu9ons -‐ require incen9ves, mo9va9on and intent in order to deliver ‘public good’ outcomes on water security.
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Ins9tu9onal personality: prac99oner mo9va9on
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Ins9tu9onal environment
• Turf wars • Corrup9on and interference
• Failure of gov-‐on-‐gov and gov-‐on-‐donor safeguards
Management and workplace
• Few or no examples of success • Pay and condi9ons • Top down management
Inappropriate interven9ons
• Overreliance on well paid TA cripples mo9va9on, ownership & learning • Brain-‐drain out of public sector • The tyranny of workshop culture
Mo9va9on tested using ‘self-‐determina9on theory’ (Deci & Ryan)
Deliberated in the public domain by ci9zens, prac99oners, stakeholders & financiers
Ins9tu9onal personality: social accountability & organisa9onal incen9ves
1. Who is responsible? Water security duty bearers and resources
available?
2. Who is affected? Water security rights holders and
impacts?
3. Performance monitoring
How are duty bearers performing, what are the social and economic implica9ons?
4. Integrity and oversight
Reflec9on on performance and opportuni9es for construc9ve change
Stronger ins9tu9onal incen9ves and improved
performance
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Signpos$ng progress…
1. Be6er governance: help rights holders to hold
duty bearers to account 2. Be6er research: trace and test links between
interven9ons, ins9tu9onal performance and outcomes
3. Be6er aid: address root causes of systemic issues / genuine, sustainable capacity mobilisa9on
4. New approaches: e.g. explore wins and advocacy poten9al provided by corporate engagement (and manage the risks)
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