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Diabetes
Melissa BessNutrition and Health Education
Specialist
FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE WITH FNEP PARTICIPANTS
07/2007
Overview
• Statistics• What is diabetes?• Blood glucose • Types of diabetes• Diabetes pyramid/nutrition• Relation to other chronic diseases• Prevention• Are you at risk?• Myths about diabetes
Statistics
• 20.8 million children and adults• 7% of the population• 14.6 million = diagnosed• 6.2 million = unaware• About equal in men and women• 2 to 4 times higher in non-Hispanic
blacks, Hispanic/Latino American, American Indian, and Asian/Pacific than non-Hispanic whites
• 5th deadliest disease in U.S., no cure
What is diabetes?
• Carbs digested into glucose• Glucose = energy for cells• Insulin (hormone) “unlocks” cells
for glucose• In diabetes:
– Not enough insulin– Insulin doesn’t work properly
• Exact cause is mystery but genetics and environment plays a role
When things work correctly
Glucose enters the cell
What goes wrong in diabetes
(Slide depicts insulin resistance – Body can’t use insulin)
Blood glucose
• Hypoglycemia– Low blood glucose
• Hyperglycemia– High blood glucose
• Fasting blood glucose– Healthy = under 100– Pre-diabetes = 100-125– Diabetes – 125 or higher
Types of diabetes
• Type I – Body does NOT produce insulin– 5-10% of Americans– Used to be called “juvenile-onset”
• Type II– Insulin resistance – body doesn’t use
insulin properly– May be combined with insulin deficiency– Larger percentage of people– Used to be called “adult-onset”
Types of diabetes
• Gestational diabetes– 4% of pregnant women in the U.S. each
year– Usually goes away after pregnancy
• Pre-diabetes– Higher blood glucose levels than
normal, but not high enough for diagnosis
– 54 million Americans– Proper steps can delay or prevent
diabetes
Symptoms of developing diabetes
• Extreme thirst• Frequent urination• Unexplained weight loss
• Contact a doctor if you exhibit these symptoms
Diabetes pyramid/nutrition
Source: American Diabetes Association
Diabetes pyramid/nutrition
• Carbs• What food groups are higher in
carbs?• Differences from Mypyramid• Serving sizes• Heart-healthy eating• Fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc.
Chronic diseases
• Those with diabetes:– 2x higher risk for heart disease– 4x higher risk for stroke
• Other complications:– Foot problems– Eye problems– Kidney problems– Teeth/gum problems
• People with diabetes must take care of themselves!
Prevention of diabetes
• Healthy eating• Exercise
– Exercise helps cell uptake glucose more effectively
• Lose extra weight• Monitor blood glucose
Are you at risk?
• Let’s take the quiz
Myths about diabetes
• Eating too much sugar causes diabetes• You should never eat carbs if you have
diabetes• If you have pre-diabetes, there is nothing
you can do to prevent Type II diabetes• You can catch diabetes from someone
else• Sugar raises blood glucose/blood sugar
more than other carbs do• Herbs and natural supplements can help
prevent or treat diabetes
For more info
• American Diabetes Association– www.diabetes.org
• National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse– http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/