Developments on the Implementation of CCS in Japan

Shigeo MuraiRITE

CCS Workshop 2007 in Tokyo19th November 2007

Japan①

Image of CO2 Geological Storage

microscopic photo of aquifer rock:

CO2 will fill the pore space

separation / capture transport injection

injection from offshore platform

pipeline transport

separation / capture

large emission source

pipeline transport

impermeable layer

impermeable layer

CO2

CO2

onshore aquifer

offshore aquifer

injection fromland based facility

②

CO2 injection well

CO2 storage tank

Evaporator

CO2 injection pump

CO2 injection well

CO2 storage tank

Evaporator

CO2 injection pump

Nagaoka Project (FY2000～FY2007)

Nagaoka

Control Room

③

Nagaoka Pilot Test

CO2 injection period Jul. 2003 to Jan. 2005

CO2 injected amount about 10,400 t-CO2

CO2 injection rate 20 to 40 t-CO2/day

CO2 source purchased commercial CO2

Monitoringwell logging, crosswell seismic tomography, microseismicity, formation water sampling, etc.

[Well configuration] [Pilot test overview]

[Outline of injection experiment ]

[CO2 monitoring by crosswellseismic tomography]

Transport tanker lorry

CO2 storage tank

PumpEvaporator

Injection wellObservation well

Cap rock

Saline aquifer

Depth：about 1,100 m

Injection layer ：about 12 m

Saline aquifer：about 60 m

Caｐ rock：about 140 m

CO2 Inclination ：１５°CO2

Injection well 1Observation well 3

Observation well 4

40 m

60 m

120 m

Crosswell seismic tomography

Logging

Logging

Observation well 2Logging

④

Engineering study of supposed site for CCS

power plant exhaust gas

Offgas(return to chimney)

CO2

Recovery plant

CO2

CompressorInjection well

PipelineBFG(Blast furnace gas)

29 anomalous points

offgas(return to steel-making process) distance 80kｍ

CompressorInjection well

Oil refinery hydrogen production plant

Hydrogen(product)

distance 1.4kｍ（～Site A）

distance 11kｍ（～Site A）

2 anomalous points

distance 8kｍ（～Site B）

7 anomalous points

Technical gaps①cost reduction

②space

③influence to existing business

・production plan

・environmental regulation

・warranty for long time

operation

④high pressurized pipe line

⑤measure for safety

⑥pre-evaluation

⑦monitoring under sea bed

steel workssteel works

oil refineryoil refinery

power plantpower plant

storage site Astorage site A

storage site Bstorage site B

⑤

22

Southern Tohoku（Pacific side）

〔Power 35〕

Hokkaido〔Power 15Iron & Steel 3〕

35

33 Kanto（Pacific side）

106 Tokyo Bay〔Power 72Iron & Steel 32〕

63

Ise Bay〔Power 49Iron & Steel 11〕

Osaka Bay50

〔Power 31Iron & Steel19〕

25〔Power 25〕

NorthwesternKyushu

55

NortheasternKyushu

86

〔Power 34,Iron & Steel 41〕 24

10

Chubu(Japan Sea side）

〔Power 10〕

〔Power 20Iron & Steel 13〕

〔Power 24〕

＜Source : RITE/ENAA, ‘Report on Development of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage’, 2006. (in Japanese) ＞

Seto Inland Sea

〔Power 11、

Iron & Steel 22〕

Structure

(not storage sites due to depth and lithology limitations)

aquifer with drillhole dataclosure identified by seismic

Tohoku（Japan Sea side）

Main Emission Sources and Reservoirs

B-1

200km

〔Scale〕

⑥

27.5Bton-CO2

5.2Bton-CO2

2.1Bton-CO2

Not available

natural gas field

StorageCapacity(Bton-CO2)

Type Total

A 30146

B 116

CO2 EmissionsTotal ：539 Mt-CO2/yrNumber of sources ：161average ：3.3 Mt-CO2/yr/sourcemax ：24 Mt-CO2/yr/source

Present Cost of CCS （coal fired power plant）recovery amount:1Mt-CO2/yr、 distance:20km、pressure:7MPainjection method：ERD、 injection amount ：0.1Mt-CO2/yr/well

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

アボイデッドコスト　円/t-CO2

石炭火力既設改造～帯水層

石炭火力新設～帯水層分離回収

昇圧

輸送

貯留

収入

Power loss for extraction steamfrom low pressure turbine: 0.05kWh/MJ

NET storage＝670/1000

NET storage＝502/1000

New plant

Existing plant

avoided cost JPY/t-CO2

coal fired plant to aquifer

Existing coal fired plant to aquifer

Upgrading desulfurization facilities&

Auxiliary coal fired boiler

SeparationPressurizationTransportationInjection

⑦

Capture cost 4,200JPY/t-CO2

CCS total cost7,300JPY/t-CO2

５８％

６３％

Concentartion of CO２

Storage

Separation&

Capture

Source

about 25%

Steel works

7%-14%

Power plant

30-50%

Chemical plant

about 20%

Cement plant

Ocean

ＣＯ２濃度

地中貯留

MembraneSeparation

Absorption AdsorptionAbsorption-Membrane Hybrid

Geological

Concentartion of SO２ 0-10ppm 3ppm 50ppm 0ppm

Emission Source and Capture Technologies of CO2

amount CO２ /y 0.３７Bton-CO2 0.18Bton-CO20.03Bton-CO2 0.01Bton-CO2

⑧

Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (１)

・Development of the technologies for cost reduction・Reduction of CCS system cost・Monitoring technology ・Model simulation of CO2 behavior・Innovative technology of capture and separation

・Promotion of the large-scale demonstration project・Run the large-scale demonstration project

・CO2 capture from the large scale emission source・ Evaluation of high-efficiency CO2 capture technologies・ Effective use of Early Opportunities・ Exploitation of R&D infrastructures for the implementation

・Academic, business and governmental cooperation

<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.> ⑨

・Development of the domestic system for CCS・Promotion for the survey of CO2 storage potential・Scheme for the verification of stored CO2 amount・Amendment of Marine Pollution Prevention Law・Confidence Building and Public Acceptance・Frameworks of the financial supports

・Development of the International standard for CCS・Effectuation of IPCC Inventory Guideline

・Promotion of the international cooperation for CCS・Development and accumulation of CCS technology・ Building of the frameworks for post Kyoto protocol

<from the METI’s interim report on CCS promotion, 2007.10.> ⑩

Issues on the implementation of CCS in Japan (2)

Roadmap of CO2 Capture and Geological Storage in Japan2007 2020～

CO2 CaptureTechnology

CO2 StorageTechnology

・Capture cost is4,200JPY/t-CO2

・Capture cost will be expected to be comparable to ET priceTarget: 1,000JPY/t-CO2 for 1Mt-CO2/y

・CCS will get into full swing in the world・IGCC will be in practical use

・CCS total cost is7,300JPY/t-CO2

・Start of large-scaleCO2 storage

・Expansion of CCS implementation

Milestone

・Expansion of application area→・Cost reduction → ・low-cost separation process→

→・High-selectivity membrane → ・CR and scale-up →→・Basic research of new technology → ・application →

→・Seeking lower cost

・Pilot test of CO2 injection (10Kt-CO2)→・Study on trap mechanism and CO2 behavior →

→・Improve efficiency and cost of CCS system →

→・Management technology of stored CO2 →→・Technique for environmental assess. and safety →→・Field study of storage potential and it’s exploitation →→・Analysis of pilot test → Test of CCS process →

・Basic study → Full-scale demonstration project →

→・Increasing use of CCS→・Seeking lower cost

COCS* project2004～2008FY

Membrane** project2006～2010FY

COURSE*** project2008～2012FY

Nagaoka* project2004～2012FY

FutureGen** project2007～2011FY ⑪

* Cost Saving CO2 Capture System** Molecular Gate Membrane*** CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steel

making process for cool Earth

* CO2 geological storage technology** Exploitation of coal gasification technology

< with reference to METI’s roadmap of strategy for technology development, 2007 >

⑫

財団法人 地球環境産業技術研究機Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the EarthURL：http://www.rite.or.jp